WO2006026373A1 - Fusobacterium polypeptides and methods of use - Google Patents

Fusobacterium polypeptides and methods of use Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2006026373A1
WO2006026373A1 PCT/US2005/030290 US2005030290W WO2006026373A1 WO 2006026373 A1 WO2006026373 A1 WO 2006026373A1 US 2005030290 W US2005030290 W US 2005030290W WO 2006026373 A1 WO2006026373 A1 WO 2006026373A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fusobacterium spp
polypeptide
conditions
composition
isolated
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2005/030290
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Daryll A. Emery
Darren E. Straub
Original Assignee
Epitopix, Llc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Epitopix, Llc filed Critical Epitopix, Llc
Priority to CA2578041A priority Critical patent/CA2578041C/en
Priority to BRPI0514672-0A priority patent/BRPI0514672A/pt
Priority to EP05792876.4A priority patent/EP1784417B1/en
Priority to AU2005280147A priority patent/AU2005280147B2/en
Priority to ES05792876.4T priority patent/ES2587365T3/es
Priority to MX2007001886A priority patent/MX2007001886A/es
Priority to NZ553315A priority patent/NZ553315A/en
Publication of WO2006026373A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006026373A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/195—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from bacteria
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P21/00—Preparation of peptides or proteins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/505—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising antibodies
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/39—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by the immunostimulating additives, e.g. chemical adjuvants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/205—Bacterial isolates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
    • C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
    • C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales

Definitions

  • Fusobacterium spp. are gram-negative, obligately anaerobic and pleomorphically rod shaped bacterium responsible for a variety of necrotic infections in animals and in humans (Langworth, Bacteriol. Rev., 41, 373-390 (1977)). Fusobacterium necrophorum is classified into two subspecies: F. necrophorum subsp. necrophorum and F. necrophorum subsp.
  • funduliforme and are responsible for a number of clinical manifestations in various species of animals, such as cattle, sheep, and swine to include; hepatic abscesses, foot rot, laminitis, purulent and interdigital dermatitis, contagious ecthyma, necrotic rhinitis, and necrotic laryngitis.
  • F. necrophorum and F. nucleatum are considered to be the most pathogenic and are the causative agent of skin ulcers, peritonsillar abscesses, septic arthritis, Lemierre's syndrome, periodontal diseases and endocarditis.
  • a number of other species of Fusobacterium have been implicated as the etiological agent in a variety of diseases, for example, F. ulcercans (skin ulcers), F. russi (animal bite infections), and F. varium (eye infections) (Smith et al., Epidemiol Infect., 110, 499-506 (1993)).
  • the bacterium produces a number of virulence factors that are responsible for the pathogenesis of the organism, including a potent secreted leukotoxin which has been shown to be specifically toxic to ruminant polymorphonuclear leukocytes (Tan et al., Vet. Res. Commun. 20, 113-140 (1996)).
  • leukotoxin as an important virulence factor has been well documented. For instance, experiments have indicated a correlation between toxin production and the ability of F. necrophorum to induce abscesses in laboratory animals ( Coyleet al., Am. J. Vet. Res., 40, 274-276. (1979), and Tan et al., Am. J. Vet.
  • a number of commercial killed whole cell bacterins have been used to control necrotic infection in farm animals incorporating multiple strains including the most prevalent serotypes such as biotype A (F. necrophorum subsp. necrophorwn).
  • Another approach to vaccine development has been the incorporation of leukotoxin as a toxoid to prevent the pathological effect of the secreted toxin (Saginala et al., J. Anim. ScL, 75, 11601166 (1997)). While conventional vaccines have shown some degree of efficacy in preventing colonization and infection with F. necrophorum, adequate protection in cattle is still lacking.
  • Divalent metal ions such as iron, cobalt, copper, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, and zinc and are trace elements often required for the survival of bacteria infecting both animal and human hosts. These trace metal elements are used by bacteria as cofactors for enzymes that catalyze biochemical reactions for various metabolic pathways required by the organism. The impact of iron on the pathogenesis of bacteria has been studied extensively. Iron is essential for nearly all life and is required for enzymatic and metabolic pathways of organisms at all phylogenic levels.
  • Fusobacterium to evade the natural defense mechanisms of the vertebrate host depends in part on its ability to obtain host iron, which in turn, directly influences the host-pathogen interaction.
  • vertebrate hosts have developed elaborate mechanisms to bind iron in body fluids (e.g., transferrin in blood and lymph fluids and lactoferrin in external secretions). These high affinity iron binding proteins create an iron restricted environment within the host, reducing the level of iron to approximately 10 "18 molar, a concentration too low to support the growth of nearly all bacteria.
  • These iron sequestering mechanisms of the host act as a natural defense mechanism to combat bacterial invasion. To circumvent these iron-restrictive conditions many bacterial species have evolved mechanisms for obtaining iron.
  • the most common mechanisms include the diffusion of soluble iron through porins and specialized transport systems that mediate the uptake of iron by siderophores.
  • This latter system is one of the most common and well-studied mechanisms for iron acquisition and involves the specific chelation of ferric iron by siderophores and the synthesis of their cognate transport systems, which permits the bacteria to continue to replicate and overcome the non-specific defense mechanisms of the host. Continued replication, and thus each step in the infectious process, is ultimately dependent on the ability of the organism to obtain iron from its host.
  • iron With so many basic functions relying on the availability of iron, bacteria have evolved a complex regulatory network for acquiring iron under varying physiological conditions. Under anaerobic conditions, iron is present in the soluble ferrous form (Fe II) and can freely diffuse through outer membrane porins into the periplasm. For instance, in E. coli the FeoAB transport system present in the cytoplasmic membrane will transport the ferrous iron molecules into the cell cytoplasm. Under aerobic conditions and neutral pH, iron is primarily present in the insoluble ferric form (Fe III) and cannot pass through the outer membrane porins by passive diffusion. Instead, molecules called siderophores are secreted by bacteria, which have a high affinity for ferric iron.
  • the ferric-siderophore complexes are recognized by receptors in the outer membrane, collectively referred to as the TonB- dependent receptors. These receptors, once bound to loaded siderophores, are believed to interact with TonB and its associated proteins localized in the periplasm and cytoplasmic membrane. These protein-protein interactions, though poorly understood, serve to provide the energy necessary to transport the ferri-siderophore complexes across the outer membrane and through the periplasmic space. ABC transport systems present in the cytoplasmic membrane serve to transport the iron- siderophore complexes across the cytoplasmic membrane. Reductase enzymes reduce the ferric iron to its ferrous form, which dissociates it from the siderophore and releases iron into the cell.
  • pathogenic bacteria use additional mechanisms to obtain iron from mammalian hosts, including the direct binding of transferrin, heme, and other heme-containing compounds.
  • the receptor proteins that bind these iron- containing molecules most likely rely on the TonB complex for the energy required to transport heme across the outer membrane, similar to the iron-siderophore complexes.
  • Specialized ABC transporters are then used to transport the heme across the cytoplasmic membrane.
  • some bacteria secrete hemophores, small molecules that can bind heme and present it to receptors on the bacterial cell surface.
  • hemolysins which are toxins that lyse red blood cells, releasing heme and hemoglobin for uptake by the bacteria.
  • the outer membrane proteins of gram-negative bacteria control the selective permeability of many essential nutrients critical to the survival of bacteria, including all pathogenic bacteria that cause disease in animals and man. This selective permeability of nutrients is controlled by a class of membrane proteins called porins. It now appears that the majority of the outer membrane proteins on the surface of gram-negative bacteria are porins, identified as the general porins (e.g., OmpF), monomeric porins (e.g., OmpA), the specific porins (e.g., the maltose- specific porin LamB) and the TonB-dependent, gated porins (e.g., the siderophore receptor FepA).
  • the porin class of proteins generally share structural features, including the presence of beta-barrels that span the outer membrane.
  • strain ATCC 25586 contains three additional iron-specific ABC transport systems.
  • hemin receptor proteins appear to be encoded by both genomes, but while the subspp. vincentii isolate encodes three receptors, the genome of strain ATCC 25586 apparently encodes five such proteins.
  • the feoAB genes, encoding a putative ferrous iron transport system are only found in the genome of the subspp. vincentii isolate. Since both organisms are obligate anaerobes and ferrous iron is the predominant form of the metal under anaerobic conditions, strain ATCC 25586 may have a second mechanism for uptake of ferrous iron. Given the differences among these two subspecies of F.
  • the F. nucleatum genomic data may not be useful for predicting the presence or absence of iron acquisition systems in other species of Fusobacterium.
  • the present invention provides a composition including isolated polypeptides isolatable from a Fusobacterium spp. At least one of the isolated polypeptides is isolatable from the Fusobacterium spp. grown in low iron conditions and not isolatable from the Fusobacterium spp. grown in high iron conditions, and may have a molecular weight between 24 kDa and 86 kDa.
  • the composition further includes a second population of isolated polypeptides isolatable from the Fusobacterium spp. grown in low iron conditions, wherein expression of the second population of isolated polypeptides is enhanced at least 10% during growth in low metal conditions.
  • the polypeptides of the second population may have molecular weights between 29 kDa and 144 kDa.
  • the composition may also include a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the present invention also provides methods for treating a subject.
  • the method includes administering an effective amount of a composition of the present invention to a subject having or at risk of having an infection caused by a Fusobacterium spp.
  • the subject may be a mammal, such as an ungulate, or a human. Examples of ungulates include bovine, ovine, or caprine animals.
  • the method includes administering an effective amount of a composition of the present invention to a subject having or at risk of having a condition caused by a Fusobacterium spp.
  • the subject may be a mammal, such as an ungulate, or a human. Examples of ungulates include bovine, ovine, or caprine animals.
  • the present invention provides methods for isolating polypeptides from
  • Fusobacterium spp. including providing a culture including a Fusobacterium spp., wherein the Fusobacterium spp. has been incubated in low metal conditions, disrupting the Fusobacterium spp. to result in a mixture including disrupted cell membranes, solubilizing the mixture by adding to the mixture a biological detergent to result in a preparation comprising solubilized and unsolubilized polypeptides, and isolating the unsolubilized polypeptides. Also included in the invention are compositions prepared by these methods.
  • the present invention also provides an isolated polypeptide isolatable from a
  • compositions including an isolated whole cell preparation of a Fusobacterium spp.
  • the cells include a metal regulated polypeptide expressed by the Fusobacterium spp. during growth under low metal conditions and not expressed during growth in high metal conditions.
  • the cells include a metal regulated polypeptide expressed by the Fusobacterium spp. during growth in high metal conditions and expressed at an enhanced level during growth in low metal conditions.
  • the invention also provides method for making such compositions, including providing a culture including a Fusobacterium spp, wherein the Fusobacterium spp. has been incubated in low metal conditions, and inactivating the Fusobacterium spp. to result in a composition containing inactivated Fusobacterium spp. cells.
  • the present invention also provides methods for detecting antibody, including providing a biological sample comprising antibody, contacting the biological sample with a polypeptide isolatable from a Fusobacterium spp. to form a mixture, incubating the mixture, and identifying a polypeptide:antibody complex, wherein the presence of a polypeptide:antibody complex indicates the biological sample comprises antibody that specifically binds to the polypeptide.
  • the polypeptide may be a polypeptide that is expressed by a Fusobacterium spp. at a detectable level during growth under low metal conditions and is not expressed by the Fusobacterium spp. at a detectable level during growth in high metal conditions, or a polypeptide that is enhanced during growth in low metal conditions.
  • Also provided is a method for passively immunizing a subject including administering an effective amount of an antibody to a subject having or at risk of having an infection caused by a Fusobacterium spp., wherein the antibody specifically binds a polypeptide isolatable from a Fusobacterium spp.
  • the polypeptide may be a polypeptide that is expressed by a Fusobacterium spp. at a detectable level during growth under low metal conditions and is not expressed by the Fusobacterium spp. at a detectable level during growth in high metal conditions, or a polypeptide that is enhanced during growth in low metal conditions.
  • Figure 3 Gel-image of membrane proteins derived from F. necrophorum grown under iron-replete and iron-depleted growth conditions.
  • Figure 4 Decreased isolation of F. necrophorum from blood samples in vaccinated and control Holstein steers following intravenous challenge.
  • FIG. 5 A. F. necrophorum resolved on SDS-polyacrylamide gel and stained with Coomasi Brilliant Blue. Lane 1, molecular weight markers; lane 2, F. necrophorum grown in iron replete media; lane 3, F. necrophorum grown in iron depleted media. The molecular weights of some proteins are shown in lanes 2 and 3.
  • polypeptide refers to a polymer of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, and does not refer to a specific length of a polymer of amino acids.
  • peptide oligopeptide, protein, and enzyme are included within the definition of polypeptide.
  • This term also includes post-expression modifications of the polypeptide, for example, glycosylations, acetylations, phosphorylations and the like.
  • a polypeptide may be isolatable directly from a natural source, or can be prepared with the aid of recombinant, enzymatic, or chemical techniques.
  • an "isolated” polypeptide is one that has been removed from its natural environment.
  • an “isolated” polypeptide is a polypeptide that has been removed from the cytoplasm or from the outer membrane of a cell, and most of the polypeptides, nucleic acids, and other cellular material of its natural environment are no longer present.
  • An “isolated” polypeptide also includes a polypeptide produced using recombinant techniques, or chemically or enzymatically synthesized. Unless otherwise specified, "a,” “an,” “the,” and “at least one” are used interchangeably and mean one or more than one.
  • the terms “comprises” and variations thereof do not have a limiting meaning where these terms appear in the description and claims.
  • the polypeptides of the present invention are isolatable from a member of the family Bacteroidaceae, preferably the genus Fusobacterium.
  • a member of the genus Fusobacterium is also referred to herein as Fusobacterium spp.
  • Fusobacterium spp. from which polypeptides of the present invention may be obtained include F. necrophorum (including F. necrophorum subsp. necrophorum and F. necrophorum subsp. funduliforme), F. nucleatum, F. ulcercans, F. russi, F. varium, F. mortiferum, F. gonidiaformans, and F. naviforme.
  • the Fusobacterium spp. from which polypeptides of the present invention may be obtained is F. necrophorum.
  • F. necrophorum are commercially available from a depository such as American Type Culture Collection (ATCC).
  • ATCC American Type Culture Collection
  • microbes are readily isolatable by isolation techniques known and used in the art.
  • a microbe may be derived from an infected animal as a field isolate, and used to obtain polypeptides of the present invention as described herein, or stored for future use, for example, in a frozen repository at -20 0 C to -95°C, in an appropriate bacteriological media containing 20% glycerol, and other like media.
  • Methods for obtaining the polypeptides from Fusobacterium spp. are described herein.
  • Each polypeptide may be defined by its molecular weight in kilodaltons (kDa).
  • Methods for determining the molecular weight of a polypeptide are routine and known in the art, and include, for instance, gel filtration, gel electrophoresis including sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, capillary electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatography including HPLC.
  • SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis conditions appropriate to resolve polypeptides having molecular weights of the polypeptides of the present invention, for instance, between 140 kDa and 30 kDa are used. Such conditions are routine and known to the art.
  • the polypeptides of the present invention are metal regulated polypeptides.
  • a "metal regulated polypeptide” is a polypeptide that is expressed by a member of the genus Fusobacterium at a greater level when the microbe is grown in low metal conditions compared to growth of same the microbe in high metal conditions.
  • Metals are those present in the periodic table under Groups 1 through 17 (IUPAC notation; also referred to as Groups I-A, H-A, III-B, IV-B, V-B, VI-B, VII-B, VIII, I-B, II-B, III-A, IV-A, V-A, VI-A, and VII-A, respectively, under CAS notation).
  • metals are those in Groups 2 through 12, more preferably, Groups 3-12. Even more preferably, the metal is iron, zinc, copper, magnesium, nickel, cobalt, manganese, molybdenum, or selenium, most preferably, iron.
  • one class of metal regulated polypeptide produced by Fusobacterium spp. is not expressed at detectable levels during growth of the microbe in high metal conditions but is expressed at detectable levels during growth in low metal conditions.
  • Low metal conditions and high metal conditions are described in greater detail herein. Examples of such metal regulated polypeptides isolatable from a Fusobacterium spp.
  • molecular weights (as determined by separation of the polypeptides using a stacking gel of 4% and a resolving gel of 10% under reducing and denaturing conditions) between 24 kDa and 86 kDa, preferably between 76 kDA and 86 kDa, between 62 kDa and 68 kDa, between 45 kDa and 53 kDa, between 34 kDa and 43 kDa, and between 24 kDa and 35 kDa.
  • the metal regulated polypeptides have molecular weights of between 78 kDa and 84 kDa, between 64 kDa and 66 kDa, between 47 kDa and 51 kDa, between 36 kDa and 4IkDa, and between 27 kDa and 32 kDa. Most preferably, the metal regulated polypeptides have molecular weights of 83 kDa, 79 kDa, 65 kDa, 49 kDa, 39 kDa, 38 kDa, 31 kDa, and 28 kDa. Such polypeptides are isolatable from a Fusobacterium spp. grown in low iron conditions, and not isolatable from the Fusobacterium spp. grown in high iron conditions.
  • Another type of metal regulated polypeptide produced by Fusobacterium spp. is expressed at detectable levels during growth of the microbe in high metal conditions but more of the polypeptide is expressed during growth in low metal conditions.
  • the expression of such polypeptides is referred to herein as "enhanced" during growth in low metal conditions.
  • the increase in expression of a polypeptide during growth in low metal conditions is between 10% and 50% compared to the expression of the polypeptide during growth in high metal conditions.
  • the metal regulated polypeptides having enhanced expression have molecular weights (as determined by separation of the polypeptides using an 10 % SDS-PAGE gel under reducing and denaturing conditions) between 136 kDA and 144 kDa, between 69 kDa and 77 kDa, between 39 kDa and 47 kDa, and between 29 kDa and 37 kDa. More preferably, the metal regulated polypeptides having enhanced expression have molecular weights of 138 kDa and 142 kDa, between 71 kDa and 75 kDa, between 41 kDa and 45 kDa, and between 31 kDa and 35 kDa. Most preferably, the metal regulated polypeptides having enhanced expression have molecular weights of 140 kDa, 73 kDa, 43 kDa, and 33 kDa.
  • Whether a metal regulated polypeptide is expressed at a detectable level or has enhanced expression during growth in low metal conditions can be determined by methods useful for comparing the presence of proteins, including, for example, gel filtration, gel electrophoresis including sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, capillary electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatography including HPLC.
  • gel filtration gel electrophoresis including sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, capillary electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatography including HPLC.
  • a polypeptide that is not expressed at detectable levels during growth is a polypeptide that is undetectable using currently available detection methods, preferably staining with a stain such as Coomasie Brilliant Blue.
  • polypeptides of the present invention are not metal regulated and are typically expressed at the same level when the Fusobacterium spp. are grown in low metal and high metal conditions.
  • Examples of this type of polypeptide isolatable from Fusobacterium spp. have molecular weights (as determined by separation of the polypeptides using an 10% SDS-PAGE gel under reducing and denaturing conditions) between 36 kDA and 45 kDa. More preferably, the molecular weights of this type of polypeptides are 45 kDa, 41 kDa, 40 kDa, and 34 kDa.
  • polypeptides of the present invention have immunogenic activity.
  • Immunogenic activity refers to the ability of a polypeptide to elicit an immunological response in an animal.
  • An immunological response- to a polypeptide is the development in an animal of a cellular and/or antibody-mediated immune response to the polypeptide.
  • an immunological response includes but is not limited to one or more of the following effects: the production of antibodies, B cells, helper T cells, suppressor T cells, and/or cytotoxic T cells, directed to an epitope or epitopes of the polypeptide.
  • Epitope refers to the site on an antigen to which specific B cells and/or T cells respond so that antibody is produced.
  • Also provided by the present invention are whole cell preparations of a Fusobacterium spp., where the Fusobacterium spp. expresses one or more of the polypeptides of the present invention.
  • the cells present in a whole cell preparation are preferably inactivated such that the cells cannot replicate, but the immunogenicity of the polypeptides of the present invention expressed by the Fusobacterium spp. is maintained.
  • the cells are killed by exposure to agents such as glutaraldehyde, formalin, or formaldehyde.
  • the present invention also provides compositions including at least 1 of the polypeptides of the present invention, more preferably at least 2, at least 3, at least 4, and so on, to at least 14 polypeptides of the present invention.
  • a composition can include polypeptides isolatable from 1 species of Fusobacterium, or can be isolatable from a combination of 2 or more species of Fusobacterium, for instance, F. necrophorum and F. nucleatum.
  • a composition can include polypeptides isolatable from 2 or more strains of the same species of Fusobacterium. For instance, a composition can include polypeptides isolatable from 2 different isolates of F. necrophorum subsp. necrophorum.
  • the present invention also provides compositions including a whole cell preparation of at least 1 Fusobacterium spp., 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 Fusobacterium spp.
  • a polypeptide of the present invention can be covalently bound to a carrier polypeptide to improve the immunological properties of the polypeptide.
  • carrier polypeptides are known to the art, and include, for instance, leukotoxin derived from Fusobacterium spp.
  • the chemical coupling of a polypeptide of the present invention can be carried out using known and routine methods.
  • various homobifunctional and/or heterobifunctional cross- linker reagents such as bis(sulfosuccinimidyl) suberate, bis(diazobenzidine), dimethyl adipimidate, dimethyl pimelimidate, dimethyl superimidate, disuccinimidyl suberate, glutaraldehyde, m-maleimidobenzoyl-iV- hydroxysuccinimide, sulfo-m-maleimidobenzoyl-./V-hydroxysuccinimide, sulfosuccinimidyl 4-(/V-maleimidomethyl) cycloheane-1-carboxylate, sulfosuccinimidyl 4-(p-maleimido-phenyl) butyrate and (l-ethyl-3-(dimethyl- aminopropyl) carbodiimide can be used (Harlow and Lane, Antibodies, A Laboratory Manual, generally and Chapter 5, Cold Spring Harbor
  • compositions of the present invention include low concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
  • LPS is a component of the outer membrane of most gram negative microbes (see, for instance, Nikaido and Vaara, Outer Membrane, In: Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Neidhardt et al., (eds.) American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C., pp. 7-22 (1987), and typically includes polysaccharides (O- specific chain, the outer and inner core) and the lipid A region.
  • the lipid A component of LPS is the most biologically active component of the LPS structure and together induces a wide spectrum of pathophysiological effects in mammals. The most dramatic effects are fever, disseminated intravascular coagulation, complement activation, hypotensive shock, and death.
  • the non-specific immunostimulatory activity of LPS can enhance the formation of a granuloma at the site of administration of compositions that include LPS. Such reactions can result in undue stress on the animal by which the animal may back off feed or water for a period of time, and exasperate infectious conditions in the animal.
  • the formation of a granuloma at the site of injection can increase the likelihood of possible down grading of the carcass due to scaring or blemishes of the tissue at the injection site (see, for instance, Rae, Injection Site Reactions, available at www.animal.ufl.edu/extension/beef/documents/SHORT94/RAE.HTM , which is available through the website maintained by the Department of Animal Sciences of the University of Florida, Gainsville, FL).
  • the concentration of LPS can be determined using routine methods known to the art. Such methods typically include measurement of dye binding by LPS (see, for instance, Keler and Nowotny, Analyt. Biochem., 156, 189 (1986)) or the use of a Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test (see, for instance, Endotoxins and Their
  • assay conditions include contacting the composition with a preparation containing a lysate of the circulating amebocytes of the horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus. When exposed to LPS, the lysate increases in opacity as well as viscosity and may gel. About 0.1 milliliter of the composition is added to lysate. Typically, the pH of the composition is between 6 and 8, preferably, between 6.8 and 7.5. The mixture of composition and lysate is incubated for 1 hour undisturbed at 37°C. After incubation, the mixture is observed to determine if there was gelation of the mixture. Gelation indicates the presence of endotoxin.
  • dilutions of a standardized solution of endotoxin are made and tested at the same time that the composition is tested.
  • Standardized solutions of endotoxin are commercially available from, for instance, Sigma Chemical (Catalog No. 210-SE), U.S. Pharmacopeia (Rockville, MD, Catalog No. 235503), and Associates of Cape Cod, Inc., (Catalog No. E0005).
  • a composition of the present invention is prepared by isolating polypeptides from a Fusobacterium spp.
  • the amount of LPS in a composition of the present invention is less than the amount of LPS present in a mixture of same amount of the Fusobacterium spp. that has been disrupted under the same conditions but not solubilized.
  • the level of LPS in a composition of the present invention is decreased by, in increasing order of preference, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90% relative to the level of LPS in a composition prepared by disrupting, but not solubilizing, the same Fusobacterium spp.
  • a composition of the present invention does not include a leukotoxin isolatable from a Fusobacterium spp.
  • Leukotoxins that are optionally not present in a composition of the present invention include polypeptides having a molecular weight of 300 kDa based on analysis with an 10 % SDS-PAGE gel under reducing and denaturing conditions, and having an activity that is toxic to bovine leukocytes (Narayanan et al., Infect. Imun., 69, 5447-5455 (2001) , and Narayanan et al., Infect. Imuran., 70, 4609-4620 (2002)).
  • Whether a polypeptide has leukotoxin activity can be determined using the monoclonal antibody F7B10 which is reactive against a F. necrophorum leukotoxin (Tan et al., Vet. Microbiol., 42, 121-133 (1994), or by determining whether the polypeptide is toxic to ruminant leukocytes.
  • Methods for measuring the toxicity of a polypeptide for ruminant leukocytes are known in the art (Narayanan et al., Infect. Imun., 69, 5447-5455 (2001) , and Narayanan et al., Infect. Immun., 70, 4609-4620 (2002).
  • compositions of the present invention optionally further include a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • “Pharmaceutically acceptable” refers to a diluent, carrier, excipient, salt, etc., that is compatible with the other ingredients of the composition, and not deleterious to the recipient thereof.
  • the composition includes a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier when the composition is used as described herein.
  • the compositions of the present invention may be formulated in pharmaceutical preparations in a variety of forms adapted to the chosen route of administration, preferably, routes suitable for stimulating an immune response to an antigen.
  • a composition of the present invention can be administered via known routes including, for example, oral; parental including intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intraperitoneal, etc., and topically, such as, intranasal, intrapulmonary, intramammary, intravaginal, intrauterine, intradermal, and rectally etc. It is foreseen that a composition can be administered to a mucosal surface, such as by administration to the nasal or respiratory mucosa (e.g. spray or aerosol), to stimulate mucosal immunity, such as production of secretory IgA antibodies, throughout the animal's body.
  • a mucosal surface such as by administration to the nasal or respiratory mucosa (e.g. spray or aerosol), to stimulate mucosal immunity, such as production of secretory IgA antibodies, throughout the animal's body.
  • a composition of the present invention can also be administered via a sustained or delayed release implant, including biodegradable and/or erodable implants. Suitable implants are known. Some examples of implants suitable for use according to the invention are disclosed in Emery and Straub (WO 01/37810). Implants can be produced at sizes small enough to be administered by aerosol or spray. Implants also include nanospheres and microspheres.
  • a composition of the present invention is administered in an amount sufficient to provide an immunological response to polypeptides or whole cells of the present invention present in the composition.
  • the amount of polypeptide present in a composition of the present invention can vary. For instance, the dosage of polypeptide can be between 0.01 micrograms ( ⁇ g) and 3000 milligrams (mg), typically between 10 mg and 2000 mg.
  • the cells can be present at a concentration of 10 6 bacteria/ml, 10 7 bacteria/ml, 10 8 bacteria/ml, or 10 9 bacteria/ml.
  • an injectable composition e.g. subcutaneous, intramuscular, etc.
  • the polypeptide is preferably present in the composition in an amount such that the total volume of the composition administered is 0.5 ml to 5.0 ml, typically 1.0-3.0 ml.
  • the cells are preferably present in the composition in an amount that the total volume of the composition administered is 0.5 ml to 5.0 ml, typically 1.0-2.0 ml.
  • the amount administered will vary depending on various factors including, but not limited to, the specific polypeptides or cells chosen, the weight, physical condition and age of the animal, and the route of administration.
  • the absolute weight of the polypeptide or number of cells included in a given unit dosage form can vary, and depends upon factors such as the species, age, weight and physical condition of the animal, as well as the method of administration. Such factors can be determined by one skilled in the art.
  • Other examples of dosages suitable for the invention are disclosed in Emery et al. (U.S. Patent 6,027,736).
  • compositions may be conveniently presented in unit dosage form and may be prepared by methods well known in the art of pharmacy. All methods of preparing a composition including a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier include the step of bringing the active compound (e.g., a polypeptide or whole cell of the present invention) into association with a carrier that constitutes one or more accessory ingredients. In general, the formulations are prepared by uniformly and intimately bringing the active compound into association with a liquid carrier, a finely divided solid carrier, or both, and then, if necessary, shaping the product into the desired formulations.
  • active compound e.g., a polypeptide or whole cell of the present invention
  • a composition including a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier can also include an adjuvant.
  • An "adjuvant” refers to an agent that can act in a nonspecific manner to enhance an immune response to a particular antigen, thus potentially reducing the quantity of antigen necessary in any given immunizing composition, and/or the frequency of injection necessary in order to generate an adequate immune response to the antigen of interest.
  • Adjuvants may include, for example, IL-I, IL-2, emulsifiers, muramyl dipeptides, dimethyldiocradecylammonium bromide (DDA), avridine, aluminum hydroxide, oils, saponins, alpha-tocopherol, polysaccharides, emulsified paraffins (available from under the tradename EMULSIGEN from MVP Laboratories, Ralston, Iowa), ISA-70, RBBI and other substances known in the art.
  • IL-I IL-2
  • emulsifiers muramyl dipeptides
  • DDA dimethyldiocradecylammonium bromide
  • avridine aluminum hydroxide
  • oils saponins
  • alpha-tocopherol alpha-tocopherol
  • polysaccharides available from under the tradename EMULSIGEN from MVP Laboratories, Ralston, Iowa
  • ISA-70 emulsified
  • a composition of the invention including a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier can include a biological response modifier, such as, for example, IL-2, IL-4 and/or IL-6, TNF, IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma, and other cytokines that effect immune cells.
  • a composition can also include an antibiotic, preservative, anti-oxidant, chelating agent, etc. Such components are known in the art.
  • Polypeptides and whole cell preparations of the present invention may be obtained by incubating a member of the genus Fusobacterium under conditions that promote expression of one or more of the polypeptides described herein.
  • the present invention also includes compositions prepared by the processes disclosed herein. Typically, such conditions are low metal conditions.
  • low metal conditions refers to an environment, typically bacteriological media, that contains amounts of a free metal that cause a microbe to express metal regulated polypeptides.
  • high metal conditions refers to an environment that contains amounts of a free metal that cause a microbe to either not express one or more of the metal regulated polypeptides described herein, or to decrease expression of such a polypeptide.
  • Low metal conditions are generally the result of the addition of a metal chelating compound to a bacteriological medium.
  • High metal conditions are generally present when a chelator is not present in the medium, and/or a metal is added to the medium.
  • metal chelators include natural and synthetic compounds. Examples of natural compounds include plant phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids. Examples of flavinoids include the copper chelators catechin and naringenin, and the iron chelators myricetin and quercetin. Examples of synthetic copper chelators include, for instance, tetrathiomolybdate, and examples of synthetic zinc chelators include, for instance, N,N,N',N' -Tetrakis (2-pyridylmethyl)-ethylene diamine.
  • Examples of synthetic iron chelators include 2,2'-dipyridyl (also referred to in the art as ⁇ , ⁇ '-bipyridyl), 8- hydroxyquinoline, ethylenediamine-di-O-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (EDDHA), desferoxamine methanesulphonate (desferol), transferrin, lactoferrin, ovotransferrin, biological siderophores, such as, the catecholates and hydroxamates, and citrate.
  • 2,2'-dipyridyl is used for the chelation of iron.
  • 2,2'-dipyridyl is added to the media at a concentration of at least 0.0025 micrograms/milliliter ( ⁇ g/ml), at least 0.025 ⁇ g/ml, or at least 0.25 ⁇ g/ml.
  • High levels of 2,2'-dipyridyl can be 10 ⁇ g/ml, 20 ⁇ g/ml, or 30 ⁇ g/ml.
  • Fusobacterium spp. with a mutation in a fur gene will result in the constitutive expression of many, if not all, of the metal regulated polypeptides of the present invention.
  • a potential fur gene has been identified in a F. nucleatum (Kapatral et al., J. Bacterid. 184 (7), 2005-2018 (2002)).
  • the production of a fur mutation in a Fusob ⁇ cterium spp. can be produced using routine methods including, for instance, electroporation and genetic constructs useful for gene knock-out in gram negative bacteria. Many Fusob ⁇ cterium spp. are able to grow in low metal conditions in vitro in artificial media only after adaptation.
  • a Fusob ⁇ cterium spp. can be adapted to low iron conditions in vitro by growth in the presence of low concentrations of an iron chelator and, after growth in a medium containing the chelator, gradually increasing the concentration of the chelator.
  • a Fusob ⁇ cterium spp. can be adapted to growth in low iron conditions by adding 0.0025 ⁇ g/ml of 2,2'-dipyridyl to a medium, and gradually increasing the concentration of the chelator to a greater concentration, for instance 20 ⁇ g/ml.
  • the medium used to incubate the microbe is not critical, and the volume of medium used to incubate the microbe can vary.
  • the microbe can be grown in a suitable volume, for instance, 10 milliliters to 1 liter of medium.
  • the microbe may be grown in a fermentor to allow the isolation of larger amounts of polypeptides. Methods for growing microbes in a fermentor are routine and known to the art.
  • the conditions used for growing a microbe preferably include a metal chelator, more preferably an iron chelator, for instance 2,2'-dipyridyl, a pH of between 6.5 and 7.5, preferably between 6.9 and 7.1, and a temperature of 37°C.
  • a metal chelator more preferably an iron chelator, for instance 2,2'-dipyridyl
  • a pH of between 6.5 and 7.5 preferably between 6.9 and 7.1
  • a temperature of 37°C preferably include a temperature of 37°C.
  • an appropriate gas for instance, nitrogen
  • members of the genus Fusob ⁇ cterium are obligate anaerobes, thus growth conditions do not include levels of oxygen that will prevent growth.
  • a Fusob ⁇ cterium spp. may be harvested after growth.
  • Harvesting includes concentrating the microbe into a smaller volume and suspending in a media different than the growth media.
  • Methods for concentrating a microbe are routine and known to the art, and include, for example, filtration and/or centrifugation.
  • the concentrated microbe is suspended in decreasing amounts of buffer.
  • the final buffer includes a metal chelator, preferably, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).
  • EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
  • An example of a buffer that can be used contains Tris-base (7.3 grams /liter) and EDTA (0.9 grams/liter), at a pH of 8.5.
  • the final buffer also minimizes proteolytic degradation.
  • the final buffer at a pH of greater than 8.0, preferably, at least 8.5, and/or including one or more proteinase inhibitors (e.g., phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride).
  • proteinase inhibitors e.g., phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride
  • the concentrated microbe is frozen at -20 0 C or below until disrupted.
  • the harvested cells may be processed using routine and known methods to inactivate the cells.
  • the Fusobacterium spp. may be disrupted using chemical, physical, or mechanical methods routine and known to the art, including, for example, french press, sonication, or homoginization. Preferably, homoginization is used.
  • "disruption” refers to the breaking up of the cell. Disruption of a microbe can be measured by methods that are routine and known to the art, including, for instance, changes in optical density. Typically, a microbe is subjected to disruption until the percent transmittance is increased by 20% when a 1:100 dilution is measured. The temperature during disruption is typically kept at 4°C, to further minimize proteolytic degradation.
  • the disrupted microbe is solubilized in a detergent, for instance, an anionic, zwitterionic, nonionic, or cationic detergent.
  • the detergent is sarcosine, more preferably, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate.
  • the term "solubilize" refers to dissolving cellular materials (e.g., polypeptides, nucleic acids, carbohydrates) into the aqueous phase of the buffer in which the microbe was disrupted, and the formation of aggregates of insoluble cellular materials.
  • the conditions for solubilization preferably result in the aggregation of polypeptides of the present invention into insoluble aggregates that are large enough to allow easy isolation by, for instance, centrifugation.
  • the sarcosine is added such that the final ratio of sarcosine to gram weight of disrupted microbe is between 1.0 gram sarcosine per 4.5 grams pellet mass and 6.0 grams sarcosine per 4.5 grams pellet mass, preferably, 4.5 gram sarcosine per 4.5 grams pellet mass.
  • the solubilization of the microbe may be measured by methods that are routine and known to the art, including, for instance, changes in optical density. Typically, the solubilization is allowed to occur for at least 24 hours, more preferably, at least 48 hours, most preferably, at least 60 hours.
  • the temperature during disruption is typically kept low, preferably at 4°C.
  • the insoluble aggregates that include the polypeptides of the present invention may be isolated by methods that are routine and known to the art.
  • the insoluble aggregates are isolated by centrifugation.
  • centrifugation of outer membrane polypeptides that are insoluble in detergents requires centrifugal forces of at least 50,000 x g, typically 100,000 x g.
  • the use of such centrifugal forces requires the use of ultracentrifuges, and scale-up to process large volumes of sample is often difficult and not economical with these types of centrifuges.
  • the methods described herein provide for the production of insoluble aggregates large enough to allow the use of significantly lower centrifugal forces (for instance, 46,000 x g).
  • the insoluble aggregates can be isolated at a significantly lower cost.
  • the sarcosine is removed from the isolated polypeptides.
  • Methods for removing sarcosine from the isolated polypeptides are known to the art, and include, for instance, diafiltration, precipitation, hydrophobic chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography, and/or affinity chromatography, and ultra filtration and washing the polypeptides in alcohol by diafiltration. After isolation, the polypeptides suspended in buffer and stored at low temperature, for instance, -20 0 C or below.
  • Polypeptides of the present invention may also be isolated from Fusobacterium spp. using methods that are known to the art. The isolation of the polypeptides may be accomplished as described in, for instance, Hussain, et al. Infect. Immun., 67, 6688-6690 (1999); Trivier, et al., FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 127, 195-199 (1995); Heinrichs, et al., J. Bacteriol, 181, 1436-1443 (1999).
  • the microbe after growth of a Fusobacterium spp. the microbe can be killed with the addition of an agent such as glutaraldehyde, formalin, or formaldehyde, at a concentration sufficient to inactivate the cells in the culture.
  • an agent such as glutaraldehyde, formalin, or formaldehyde
  • formalin can be added at a concentration of 3% (vohvol).
  • the cells can be harvested by, for instance, diafiltration and/or centrifugation, and washed.
  • An aspect of the present invention is further directed to methods of using the compositions of the present invention. The methods include administering to an animal an effective amount of a composition of the present invention.
  • the composition further includes a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • an "effective amount" of a composition of the present invention is the amount able to elicit the desired response in the recipient.
  • the composition can be administered at a time that maternal antibody may be present, for instance, as early as one day of age, or at a later time during the life of the animal.
  • the animal can be, for instance, an ungulate, a companion animal, or a human.
  • ungulates include animals that are bovine (including, for instance, cattle), caprine (including, for instance, goats), ovine (including, for instance, sheep), porcine (including, for instance, swine), equine (including, for instance, horses), members of the family Cervidae (including, for instance, deer, elk, moose, caribou and reindeer), and Bison (including, for instance, buffalo).
  • companion animals include dogs and cats.
  • the methods may further include additional administrations (e.g., one or more booster administrations) of the composition to the animal to enhance or stimulate a secondary immune response.
  • a booster can be administered at a time after the first administration, for instance, 1 to 8 weeks, preferably 2 to 4 weeks, after the first administration of the composition.
  • Subsequent boosters can be administered one, two, three, four, or more times annually. Without intending to be limited by theory, it is expected that annual boosters will not be necessary, as an animal will be challenged in the field by exposure to members of the genus Fusobacterium expressing polypeptides having epitopes that are identical to or structurally related to epitopes present on the polypeptides present in the composition administered to the animal.
  • the invention is directed to methods for making antibody to a polypeptide of the present invention, for instance, by inducing the production of antibody in an animal, or by recombinant techniques.
  • the antibody produced includes antibody that specifically binds at least one polypeptide present in the composition.
  • an "effective amount" is an amount effective to result in the production of antibody in the animal.
  • Methods for determining whether an animal has produced antibodies that specifically bind polypeptides present in a composition of the present invention can be determined as described herein.
  • an antibody that can "specifically bind" a polypeptide is an antibody that interacts only with the epitope of the antigen that induced the synthesis of the antibody, or interacts with a structurally related epitope.
  • An antibody that "specifically binds" to an epitope will, under the appropriate conditions, interact with the epitope even in the presence of a diversity of potential binding targets.
  • the invention is also directed to treating an infection in an animal caused by a member of the genus Fusobacterium.
  • the infection may be caused exclusively by Fusobacterium spp., or may be a mixed infection of
  • the method includes administering an effective amount of the composition of the present invention to an animal having an infection caused by a member of the genus Fusobacterium, and determining whether the Fusobacterium spp. causing the infection has decreased.
  • Methods for determining whether an infection is caused by a member of the genus Fusobacterium are routine and known to the art. It is expected that compositions made with polypeptides isolatable from one species of Fusobacterium will be useful in the methods described herein against other species of Fusobacterium.
  • the present invention is directed to methods for treating one or more symptoms of certain conditions in animals that may be caused by infection by a member of the genus Fusobacterium.
  • conditions caused by Fusobacterium spp. infections include hepatic abscesses, foot rot, laminitis, purulent dermatitis, interdigital dermatitis, contagious ecthyma, necrotic rhinitis, skin ulcers, peritonsillar abscesses, septic arthritis, Lemierre's syndrome, and endocarditis. Treatment of these conditions can be prophylactic or, alternatively, can be initiated after the development of a condition described herein.
  • Treatment that is prophylactic, for instance, initiated before a subject manifests symptoms of a condition caused by Fusobacterium spp. is referred to herein as treatment of a subject that is "at risk" of developing the condition.
  • an animal "at risk" of developing a condition is an animal likely to be exposed to a Fusobacterium spp. causing the condition.
  • the animal is present in an area where the condition has been diagnosed in at least one other animal, or is being transported to an area where a Fusobacterium spp. is endemic, and/or where conditions caused by Fusobacterium spp. are prevalent. Accordingly, administration of a composition can be performed before, during, or after the occurrence of the conditions described herein.
  • an "effective amount" is an amount effective to prevent the manifestation of symptoms of a condition, decrease the severity of the symptoms of a condition, and/or completely remove the symptoms.
  • the potency of a composition of the present invention can be tested according to standard methods. For instance, the use of mice as an experimental model for Fusobacterium spp. infection in humans and large animals such as cattle is well established (Conion et al, Infect. Immun, 15, 510-517 (1977), Garcia and McKay, Can. J. Comp. Med, 42, 121-127 (1978), Abe et al, Infect.
  • the mouse model has proven to be a valuable model to evaluate the immunogenicity and identification of various target antigens provided by various Fusobacterium species.
  • a controlled experimental trial can be run by vaccinating animals with varying levels of the composition and challenging vaccinated and unvaccinated animals with a Fusobacterium spp.
  • Symptoms often associated with hepatic abscesses can be a range of pathologies, from small foci of lymphocyte inflammation surrounded by low numbers of degenerating hepatcytes, to pronounced foci with necrosis and hemorrhage, loss of hepatcytes, fibrin and mixed inflammatory cells at the margin of the necrotic area.
  • a composition of the invention can be used to provide for passive immunization against infection by Fusobacterium spp.
  • the composition can be administered to an animal to induce the production of immune products, such as antibodies, which can be collected from the producing animal and administered to another animal to provide passive immunity.
  • Immune components, such as antibodies can be collected to prepare antibody compositions from serum, plasma, blood, colostrum, etc. for passive immunization therapies.
  • Antibody compositions including monoclonal antibodies, anti-idiotypes, and/or recombinant antibodies can also be prepared using known methods.
  • Passive antibody compositions and fragments thereof may be administered to a recipient in the form of serum, plasma, blood, colostrum, and the like.
  • the antibodies may also be isolated from serum, plasma, blood, colostrum, and the like, using known methods and spray dried or lyophilized for later use in a concentrated or reconstituted form.
  • Passive immunizing preparations may be particularly advantageous for treatment of acute systemic illness, or passive immunization of young animals that failed to receive adequate levels of passive immunity through maternal colostrum.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides methods for detecting antibody that specifically binds polypeptides of the present invention. These methods are useful in, for instance, detecting whether an animal has antibody that specifically binds polypeptides of the present invention, and diagnosing whether an animal may have an infection caused by Fusobacterium spp.
  • diagnostic systems are in kit form.
  • the methods include contacting an antibody with a preparation that includes at least one polypeptide of the present invention to result in a mixture.
  • the antibody is present in a biological sample, more preferably blood, milk, or colostrum.
  • the method further includes incubating the mixture under conditions to allow the antibody to specifically bind a polypeptide to form a polypeptide:antibody complex.
  • polypeptide: antibody complex refers to the complex that results when an antibody specifically binds to a polypeptide.
  • the preparation that includes the polypeptides present in a composition of the present invention may also include reagents, for instance a buffer, that provide conditions appropriate for the formation of the polypeptide: antibody complex.
  • the polypeptide:antibody complex is then detected.
  • the detection of antibodies is known in the art and can include, for instance, immunofluorescence and peroxidase.
  • the methods for detecting the presence of antibodies that specifically bind to polypeptides of the present invention can be used in various formats that have been used to detect antibody, including radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  • the present invention also provides a kit for detecting antibody that specifically binds polypeptides of the present invention.
  • the kit includes at least one polypeptide of the present invention in a suitable packaging material in an amount sufficient for at least one assay.
  • other reagents such as buffers and solutions needed to practice the invention are also included. Instructions for use of the packaged polypeptides are also typically included.
  • the phrase "packaging material” refers to one or more physical structures used to house the contents of the kit.
  • the packaging material is constructed by known methods, preferably to provide a sterile, contaminant-free environment.
  • the packaging material has a label which indicates that the polypeptides can be used for detecting antibodies induced by infection with Fusobacterium spp.
  • the packaging material contains instructions indicating how the materials within the kit are employed to detect such antibodies.
  • the term "package” refers to a solid matrix or material such as glass, plastic, paper, foil, and the like, capable of holding within fixed limits the polypeptides.
  • a package can be a microtiter plate well to which microgram quantities of polypeptides have been affixed.
  • Instructions for use typically include a tangible expression describing the reagent concentration or at least one assay method parameter, such as the relative amounts of reagent and sample to be admixed, maintenance time periods for reagent/sample admixtures, temperature, buffer conditions, and the like.
  • Fusobacterium spp. necrophorum can be grown under controlled fermentation conditions so as to express proteins, including proteins associated with the outer membrane.
  • the bacteria can be harvested and the proteins can then be isolated and used as immunogens in a composition.
  • Anaerobic conditions for growth of F. necrophor uni on plates and in small liquid cultures were established by incubation in an anaerobic jar containing an anaerobic gas generator system.
  • a master seed stock of a Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. necrophorum originating from a sheep and available from the American Type Culture Collection as ATCC number 27852 was prepared by inoculating the isolate into 200 ml of Porcine Brain Heart Infusion Broth (P-BHI, Difco) containing 0.05 % cysteine (Sigma) and containing 15 to 20 micrograms per milliliter ( ⁇ g/ml) of 2,2-dipyridyl (Sigma-Aldrich St. Louis, MO).
  • the culture was grown without stirring at 16 hours at 37°C under anaerobic conditions.
  • the F. necrophorum subsp. necrophorum was adapted to grow in the iron chelator 2,2-dipyridyl by repeatedly sub-culturing the isolate into increasing concentrations of the iron chelator, beginning at 0.0025 ⁇ g/ml, and increasing to 20 ⁇ g/ml.
  • the bacteria were collected by centrifugation at 10,000 x g.
  • the bacterial pellet was resuspended into 20 ml P-BHI containing 20% glycerol, and sterilely dispensed into 2 ml cryogenic vials ( 1 ml per vial) and stored at -90 0 C.
  • the isolate was given the identification number MS 040525, and established as a master seed.
  • the master seed was expanded into a working seed that was then used for the production of metal regulated proteins.
  • a cryogenic vial of the working seed (1 ml at 10 9 CFU/ml) was used to inoculate 130 ml of 37°C P-BHI containing 15 micrograms ( ⁇ g) 2,2- dipyridyl and 0.05% cysteine (Sigma) and incubated in a candle jar.
  • the culture was incubated at 37°C for 12 hours at which point was sterilely transferred into 1.3 liters of the above media.
  • This second culture was allowed to grow for an additional 10 hours at 37°C.
  • This culture was used to inoculate a 20-liter Bioflo IV bench-top fermentor, (New Brunswick Scientific Co, Edison NJ) charged with 13 liters of the above-described media.
  • the pH was held constant between 6.9 and 7.1 by automatic titration with 30% NaOH and 10% HCL.
  • the stirring speed was adjusted to 100 revolutions per minute (rpm), and the culture purged with pure nitrogen to maintain an anaerobic condition.
  • the culture was allowed to grow continuously at these conditions for 24 hours at which point the fermentation was terminated by lowing the temperature of the fermentor to 10 0 C.
  • the bacterial fermentation was concentrated and washed using a Millipore Pellicon Tangential Flow Filter assembly (Millipore Corporation, Bedford, MA), equipped with a 25ft 2 screen-channel series Alpha 300K Centrasette filter (Pall Filtron). The original culture volume of 13 liters was reduced to 2.5 liters. The bacterial retentate was then adjusted to 25 liters using physiological saline (0.85%) and then concentrated again to 2.5 liters to help remove any contaminates not associated with the cells, e.g., secreted proteins.
  • the retentate (2.5 liters) was adjusted to 15 liters using sterile Osmotic Shock Buffer (OMS) containing 7.26 grams/liter Tris-base and 0.93 grams/liter EDTA adjusted to a pH of 8.5.
  • OMS Osmotic Shock Buffer
  • the retentate was mixed thoroughly and equally dispensed (3.0 liters each) into 5 sterile four liter Nalgene containers and placed into a -20 0 C freezer for storage.
  • the pellet mass was calculated by centrifuging 30 ml samples of the fermented culture and final harvest.
  • a second 50 liter jacketed process tank (empty) was connected to the homogenizer such that the fluid in the process tank could be passed through the homogenizer, into the empty tank and back again, allowing for multiple homogenizing passes while still maintaining a closed system.
  • the temperature during homogenization was kept at 4°C.
  • fluid was circulated at 70 psi through the homogenizer and back to the tank of origin, while the homogenizer pressure was adjusted to 13,500 psi.
  • two pre-homogenizing samples were withdrawn from the homogenizer to establish a baseline for determining the degree of disruption and monitoring of pH.
  • the degree of disruption was monitored by transmittance (%T at 540 nanometers (nm) at 1 : 100 dilution) compared to the non-homogenized sample.
  • the bacterial suspension was passed three times through the homogenizer to give a final percent transmittance between 78-83%T at a 1: 100 dilution.
  • Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate (Hamptosyl L-30,
  • Chem/Serv Minneapolis, MN was aseptically added to the homogenized bacterial suspension for solubilization.
  • the amount of Sarcosine (30%) added equaled 0.0664 times the solubilizing volume, in liters, (1.0 gram sarcosine/4.5 grams pellet mass).
  • the process tank was removed from the homogenizer and kept at 4°C while stirring at 240 rpm for 60-70 hours.
  • Protein harvest The insoluble_proteins within the solubilized process fluid was collected by centrifugation using T-I Sharpies, (Alfa Laval Seperations, Warminster, PA). Briefly, the solubilized homogenate was fed into six Sharpies with a feed rate of 250 ml/minute at 17 psi at a centrifugal force of 60,000 x g. The temperature during centrifugation was kept at 4°C. The solubilized homogenate was passed 2 times across the centrifuges. The protein was collected, resuspended and dispensed in 10 liters Tris-buffer pH 8.5 containing 0.3% formalin (Sigma) as preservative.
  • Diafiltration The protein suspension (10 liters) was adjusted to 60 liters using sterile Tris-buffer, pH 8.5. The suspension was washed and dialyzed using a Millipore Pellicon Tangential Flow Filter assembly (Millipore Corporation), equipped with a 25ft 2 screen-channel series Alpha 1OK Centrasette filter (Pall Filtron) to remove residual sarcosine. The protein solution was concentrated by filtration to a target volume of 10 liters at which point 50 liters of Tris-buffer pH 7.4 containing 5% isopropyl alcohol was slowly added to the concentrate from a second process tank.
  • Isopropyl alcohol is thought to cause a slight unfolding of the protein structure allowing for the removal of bound sarcosine without compromising the immunogenicity of the proteins.
  • Diafiltration continued until the pH stabilized to 7.4 at which point 50 liters Tris-buffer pH 7.4 was slowly added by diafiltration to remove residual alcohol.
  • the protein suspension was then concentrated to approximately 5 liters.
  • the protein concentrate was equally dispensed (500 ml) into ten sterile 1 liter Nalgene containers and stored at -20 0 C until use.
  • the protein profile of the F. necrophorum subsp. necrophorum isolate grown in iron-replete and/or iron-deplete media was examined by SDS-PAGE. Briefly, the organism was grown from a frozen master seed stock by sub-culturing into 25 ml of P-BHI containing 0.05 % cysteine (sigma) and 15 to 20 micrograms per milliliter ( ⁇ g/ml) of 2,2-dipyridyl (Sigma- Aldrich St. Louis, MO) and/or P-BHI containing 200 uM ferric chloride incubated for 18 hours at 37°C while stirring at 100 rpm.
  • P-BHI containing 0.05 % cysteine (sigma) and 15 to 20 micrograms per milliliter ( ⁇ g/ml) of 2,2-dipyridyl (Sigma- Aldrich St. Louis, MO) and/or P-BHI containing 200 uM ferric chloride incubated for 18 hours at 37°C while stirring at 100
  • each culture was transferred into 500 ml of pre-incubated (37°C) iron-deplete and/or iron-replete media. Cultures were allowed to grow for 18 hours at 37°C while stirring at 100 rpm. At 18 hours post incubation each culture was centrifuged at 10,000 x g for 20 minutes. The bacterial pellet was resuspended in a 100 ml of Tris-buffered saline and centrifuged at 10,000 x g for 10 minutes to remove any contaminating media proteins.
  • the bacterial pellet from the iron-replete and iron-deplete media was resuspended in 40 ml of Tris-buffered saline pH 7.2 and disrupted by sonicaton.
  • the disrupted bacterial suspension was clarified by centrifugation at 32,000 x g for 12 minutes.
  • the supernatant was collected and solubilized by the addition of sodium lauroyl sarcosinate 4% vol/vol at 4°C for 24 hours.
  • the insoluble proteins were collected by centrifugation at 32,000 x g for 2.5 hours at 4°C.
  • the OMP pellet was resuspended in 200 ⁇ l Tris-buffer at pH 7.2 and stored at -90 0 C.
  • a number of metal regulated proteins having molecular weights of approximately 140.5 kDa, 72.9 kDa, 42.7 kDa, and 33 kDa appeared to be enhanced or up-regulated when grown under iron-deplete conditions as compared to the same band expressed under iron-replete conditions.
  • Bovine livers were collected from numerous commercial butchers having large necrotic foci. Each foci was sub-cultured anaerobically on blood agar plates. Colonies believed to be Fusobacterium spp ⁇ were isolated and characterized chemically and nutritionally using API 20-A identification test kits (Biomerieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France). Six isolates (isolates 1248, 1250, 1251, 1252, 1253, and 1255) were collected and identified as Fusobacterium necrophorum/nucleatum.
  • Isolates were grown as described in Example 3, and a sample of each extract was resolved on a 10% SDS- PAGE gel to compare the protein profile obtained from each isolate grown in iron- replete and iron-deplete media. The gel was scanned using a BioRad GS-800 densitometer to compare the difference in the protein profile of the isolates grown under iron-replete and iron-deplete conditions. The results revealed identical banding profiles between each isolate grown under iron-deplete conditions.
  • a number of metal regulated proteins were observed with molecular weights of approximately 82.9 kDa, 79.3 kDa, 65.4 kDa, 49 kDa, 39 kDa, 38.5 kDa, 31 kDa, and 27.9 kDa and non-iron regulated proteins having molecular weights of approximately 45.2 kDa, 40.4 kDa, 39.9 kDa, and 33.6 kDa.
  • a number of other bands having molecular weights of approximately 140.5 kDa, 72.9 kDa, 42.7 kDa, and 33 kDa appeared to be enhanced or up-regulated when grown under iron- deplete conditions as compared to the same band expressed under iron-replete conditions.
  • composition made from F. necrophorum as described in example 1 was used to prepare a vaccine.
  • a stock vaccine was prepared from the composition by diluting the antigen into phosphate buffered saline (PBS) containing 8.0 g/1 NaCl, 0.2 g/1 KCl, 1.44g/l Na 2 HPO 4 and 0.24g/l KH 2 PO 4 pH 7.4 containing 10% aluminum hydroxide (Rehydrogel, Reheis Chemical Company Berkeley Heights, NJ).
  • PBS phosphate buffered saline
  • the aluminum hydroxide suspension (500 ⁇ g total protein/ml) was then emulsified into the commercial adjuvant, EMULSIGEN, (MVP Laboratories, Ralston, Kansas) using a IKA Ultra Turrax T-50 homogenizing vessel (IKA, Cincinnati, OH).
  • EMULSIGEN commercial adjuvant
  • a mouse dose was administered to give a final dose of 50 ⁇ g total protein in a 0.1 ml injectable volume with an adjuvant concentration of 22.5% vol/vol.
  • a placebo was prepared by replacing the antigen with physiological saline in the above formulation and emulsifying the suspension into EMULSIGEN to give an adjuvant concentration of 22.5%.
  • Example 6 Mouse vaccination
  • the F. necrophorum isolate as described above was used for challenge. Briefly, the isolate from a frozen stock (example 1) was streaked onto a blood agar plate and incubated at 37°C for 18 hours. Several colonies were sub-cultured into 50 ml P-BHI containing 15 ⁇ g/ml 2, 2' dipyridyl and 0.05% cysteine. The culture was incubated at 37°C for 16 hours, and then centrifuged at 10,000 x g for 10 minutes at 4°C to pellet the bacteria. The bacterial pellet was washed once by centrifugation (10,000 x g for 15 minutes) at 4°C.
  • the final pellet was resuspended in 25 ml of P-BHI without dipyridyl. Just prior to challenge, 1 ml of the above bacterial suspension was serially diluted ten fold to enumerate the number of CFU/dose.
  • mice in groups 1 and 2 were intraperitoneally challenged with 0.1 ml of F. necrophorum (3.0 x 10 colony forming units) prepared as described in example 6. Mortality was recorded daily for 4 days after challenge. At four days post challenge the experimental trial was terminated. All surviving mice from each group were euthanized by carbon dioxide. The liver from each mouse was aseptically removed and gross examination was done to determine differences in necrotic foci. The entire right lobe of each liver was then macerated, individually weighted and adjusted to give a 1:10 dilution weight:volume per sample. Each sample was serially diluted ten fold and plated in duplicate on blood agar plates to enumerate the difference in the number of F. necrophorum bacteria per liver between groups.
  • F. necrophorum 3.0 x 10 colony forming units
  • mice a The percent of mice that died 4 days after IP challenge with 3.0 x 10 cfu of F. necrophorum.
  • necrophorum in the livers of vaccinated mice The mean colony forming units expressed as logio was 4.72 in the placebo vaccinated group as compared to an average log count of 2.97 in the vaccinated group. This is a 95% reduction in the number of bacteria in the vaccinated group when compared to the Placebo group.
  • the vaccine composition showed a high degree of systemic protection as compared to non-vaccinated mice of Group 1 (Placebo vaccinated).
  • the vaccine prepared from F. necrophorum was highly efficacious in preventing mortality associated with a lethal F. necrophorum challenge in a standardized mouse model as well as reducing the formation of necrotic foci and the number of colony forming units in the liver.
  • Example 9 Decreased Blood Culture of Fusobacterium necrophorum after intravenous
  • the purpose of this study included evaluating the ability of the composition derived from F. necrophorum to decrease the number of colony forming units of the challenge organism in blood.
  • the immunizing composition was prepared from F. necrophorum as described in Example 5, except for the following modification; a bovine dose was calculated to give a final dose of 1000 ug total protein in a 2 ml injectable volume (500 ug/ml).
  • necrophorum in blood after intravenous challenge compared to non-vaccinated steers 2) the comparison of clinical morbidity between vaccinates and non- vaccinates and 3) histopathogical changes in the livers between vaccinated and non- vaccinated steers.
  • Blood samples were collected from all steers at time of first vaccination (Pre-exposure); 14 days after 2 nd vaccination (hyperimmunized) and again 14 days after challenge. Blood collected from non-vaccinated steers at 14 days after challenge was designated convalescent sera, and blood collected from the vaccinated steers at 14 days after challenge was designated vaccinated/challenged sera. All blood was collected in sterile 13 X 75 millimeter vacutainer collection tubes (SST No. 369783, Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ). After clotting the blood tubes were centrifuged at 800 x g for thirty minutes and frozen at -20 0 C.
  • steers in groups 1 and 2 were intravenously challenged with 1.0 ml of F. necrophorum (2.4 x 10 8 colony forming units) prepared as described in example 7. Blood samples were collected at 4, 12 and 24 hours after intravenous challenge to enumerate the number of colony forming units of Fusobacterium between vaccinates and non-vaccinates. Briefly, a 10 ml sample of blood was collected from the jugular vein from each steer at 4, 12 and 24 hours post challenge and immediately placed into 90 ml of BBL Septic- Check Columbia blood culture broth (Becton Dickinson, MD).
  • the results clearly demonstrate that the composition was highly efficacious.
  • the results show that vaccination reduced the number of infective organisms able to proliferate successfully in the systemic circulation of the host. This decrease in the infective dose would also decrease the ability of the organism to induce clinical disease or manifest clinical symptoms primarily by reducing the systemic burden of the infective organism. This is clearly seen in table 1 and figure 4.
  • Steers in groups 1 and 2 were visually observed daily for 21 days after challenge for clinical abnormalities or signs of disease. During the observation period none of the vaccinated steers showed any clinical signs and/or symptoms of disease. In contrast, all of the non-vaccinated steers were visibly affected by the intravenous challenge. Within 24 hours after challenge non-vaccinates withdrew from feed and water and became lethargic, less aggressive and depressed. Within one week post challenge all non-vaccinated steers began to show a high degree of lameness characterized by reduced activity in rising and moving with the adoption of unusual or abnormal posture, to include, limpness, sagging, stiffness, and lack of flexion particularly in the fetlock and hock joints.
  • Post mortem examination revealed no abnormal differences in the internal organs.
  • the livers were removed and examined for necrotic foci by dissection. No visible necrotic foci or lesions could be observed in any of the livers upon gross examination.
  • Each liver was dissected and sections removed for histological examination to determine if any tissue abnormalities or changes due to the intravenous challenge could be observed between vaccinated and non-vaccinated steers.
  • Hepatic examination of hematoxylin-and-eosin stained liver sections reveals microscopic changes in non-vaccinated controls.
  • Non-vaccinated steers show a range of pathologies, from small foci of lymphocyte inflammation to pronounced foci with necrosis and hemorrhage. Hepatic abscesses may be large enough to be observable by visual observation if an infection is allowed to continue. Such pathologies are not typically observed in the vaccinated steers.
  • the proteins in the vaccine composition as described in Example 5 were subjected to electrophoresis followed by western blot analysis with hyperimmunized serum as described in Example 10. Briefly, the membrane proteins derived from F. necrophorum grown under iron-limiting conditions were size-fractionated on an SDS-PAGE gel using a 4% stacking gel and 10% resolving gel. A 10 ⁇ l sample was combined with 30 ⁇ l of SDS reducing sample buffer (62.5 mM Tris-HCL ph 6.8, 20% glycerol, 2% SDS, 5% ⁇ -mercaptoethanol) and boiled for 4 minutes.
  • SDS reducing sample buffer (62.5 mM Tris-HCL ph 6.8, 20% glycerol, 2% SDS, 5% ⁇ -mercaptoethanol
  • proteins were electroblotted from the gel onto trans-blot nitrocellulose membranes (BioRad) overnight, at 4 0 C at 50 V, in Towbin buffer (25 mM Tris, 192 mM glycine, 20% methanol) using a BioRad Trans-Blot transfer cell and a Pac 300 power supply (BioRad).
  • Towbin buffer 25 mM Tris, 192 mM glycine, 20% methanol
  • BioRad Trans-Blot transfer cell and a Pac 300 power supply BioRad
  • the nitrocellulose membrane was blocked using 3% fish gelatin (Sigma Chemical, St. Louis, Mo) in Tris buffered saline (TBS- 20 mM Tris, 500 mM NaCl, pH 7.5) for 1 hour while shaking at 37 0 C.
  • TBS- 20 mM Tris, 500 mM NaCl, pH 7.5 Tris buffered saline
  • the membrane was dried at 37 0 C and
  • the membrane was then probed with the polyclonal hyperimmunized sera collected from the immunized steers as described in example 10.
  • the primary antibody was diluted 1/ 2500 in TBS containing 1 % fish gelatin, 0.05% Tween 20 and 0.2% sodium azide (Antibody Buffer).
  • the membrane was incubated with the primary antibody solution overnight on a shaker at room temperature.
  • the membrane was then washed two times in TBS containing 0.05% Tween 20 (TTBS) and transferred to antibody buffer containing a 1/10,000 dilution of Alkaline phosphatase-conjugated mouse anti-bovine IgG clone BG- 18 (Sigma) and a 1/3000 dilution of avidin conjugated to alkaline phosphatase (BioRad).
  • TTBS Tween 20
  • the membrane was incubated at 37 0 C for 2 hours on a shaker, then washed in TTBS four times to remove unbound conjugate.
  • the blot was resolved in substrate solution containing alkaline phosphate color reagent A and B in Ix AP color development Buffer
  • the remaining proteins of approximate molecular weights (in kDa) of 140.5, 72.9, 42.7, 40.4, 39.9, 33.6, and 33 did not show reactivity to the hyperimmunized sera.
  • the sensitivity limits of the assay may have prevented the detection of weaker interactions, that, although less evident, may still contribute to the vaccine's effectiveness by augmenting the immune response to the composition.
  • the proteins that were not sero- reactive in this assay may elicit responses other than antibody production, such as stimulation of cytokines, intereferon, interleukins, T-cells, or colony-stimulating factors. Such responses could enhance, direct, or restore the ability of the host's immune system to fight disease.
  • the vaccine composition described in Examples 1 and 5 consists of multiple membrane proteins derived from Fusobacterium grown under iron-restricted conditions. In order to identify which proteins are efficacious within the composition, experiments were conducted to separate these proteins to test their individual antigenicity. Traditional two-dimensional electrophoresis was initially investigated in our laboratory as a method of separating the membrane proteins derived from gram-negative bacteria grown under iron-limiting conditions. The method proved to be of limited success since many of the large membrane proteins could not be separated by this method.
  • RP-HPLC Reversed- Phase High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography
  • Proteins were solubilized in membrane solubilization buffer (5 M urea, 2 M thiourea, 10% glycerol, 2.5% w/v N-decyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-l -propane sulfonate, 50 mM Tris, 2% n-octylglucoside, 5 mM Tris-(carboxyethyl) phospine hydrochloride, 1 mM protease inhibitor) for 24 h at 4°C.
  • membrane solubilization buffer 5 M urea, 2 M thiourea, 10% glycerol, 2.5% w/v N-decyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-l -propane sulfonate, 50 mM Tris, 2% n-octylglucoside, 5 mM Tris-(carboxyethyl) phospine hydrochloride
  • the first dimension was chromatafocusing LC, using a HPCF-ID column (Eprogen, Darien, IL) and a System Gold HPLC (Beckman Coulter, Buckinghamshire, England).
  • the pH gradient was generated using a starting buffer (SB) and an elution buffer (EB).
  • the SB consisted of 6 M urea and 25 mM Bis-Tris, adjusted to pH 8.5 with iminodiacetic acid.
  • the EB consisted of 6 M urea, 10% PolybufferTM 74 (Amersham Biosciences), adjusted to pH 4.0 with ammonium hydroxide.
  • the HPCF-ID column Prior to applying sample, the HPCF-ID column was prepared by a 1-hour wash with water followed by equilibration with 10 volumes of SB until the pH of the effluent was 8.5. The sample was then applied, and a pH gradient was established by adding EB to the column at 0.2 mL/min. The pH of the mobile phase effluent was monitored online using a postdetector pH flow cell with a dead volume of about 150 uL. Fractions were collected every 0.3 pH unit using a fraction collector. A total of 26 fractions were collected from the chromatofocusing column. Separations were monitored by measuring the absorbance (at 280 nm) of eluted fractions. The second dimension of 2-D LC is nonporous reversed-phase HPLC.
  • each fraction will be screened for potential vaccine target antigens using a 96-well dot-ELISA. Briefly, bovine sera derived from Fusobacterium convalescent, hyperimmunized, vaccinated/challenged and challenged only steers will be used to screen individual fractions as described in Example 15. Nitrocellulose membranes (1620117, 0.45um BioRad, Richmod CA) are washed with Tris-buffered saline (TBS) for 5 minutes and blotted with #5 Whatman paper to remove excess TBS. The nitrocellulose membrane is then placed into a Bio-Dot 96 well manifold (Bio- Rad).
  • TBS Tris-buffered saline
  • Alkaline phosphatase- conjugated mouse anti-bovine IgG clone BG- 18 (Sigma) optimally diluted is added to each well (100 ul), then incubated for 2 hours at 37 0 C while stirring at 100 rpm. The conjugate solution is aspirated and the wells washed 4 times.
  • PnPP substrate (Sigma) prepared in 0.1 M glycine buffer is added to each well (100 ul). The substrate is allowed to react for 45 minutes at 37 0 C. The membrane is removed and the reaction terminated by immerseing in 3 N NaOH.
  • the membrane is scanned using a BioRad GS-800 densitometer to evaluate which fractions reacted with the hyperimmunized sera or gave a positive reaction as defined as a colored dot. Fractions giving positive reactions are recorded and each protein further identified by peptide mass fingerprinting with MALDI-TOF-MS.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Virology (AREA)
  • Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
PCT/US2005/030290 2004-08-25 2005-08-25 Fusobacterium polypeptides and methods of use WO2006026373A1 (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA2578041A CA2578041C (en) 2004-08-25 2005-08-25 Fusobacterium polypeptides and methods of use
BRPI0514672-0A BRPI0514672A (pt) 2004-08-25 2005-08-25 polipeptìdeos de fusobacterium e métodos de uso
EP05792876.4A EP1784417B1 (en) 2004-08-25 2005-08-25 Fusobacterium polypeptides and methods of use
AU2005280147A AU2005280147B2 (en) 2004-08-25 2005-08-25 Fusobacterium polypeptides and methods of use
ES05792876.4T ES2587365T3 (es) 2004-08-25 2005-08-25 Polipéptidos de Fusobacterium y procedimientos de uso
MX2007001886A MX2007001886A (es) 2004-08-25 2005-08-25 Polipeptidos de fusobacteria y metodos de uso.
NZ553315A NZ553315A (en) 2004-08-25 2005-08-25 Fusobacterium polypeptides and methods of use

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US60434904P 2004-08-25 2004-08-25
US60/604,349 2004-08-25

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2006026373A1 true WO2006026373A1 (en) 2006-03-09

Family

ID=35385423

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2005/030290 WO2006026373A1 (en) 2004-08-25 2005-08-25 Fusobacterium polypeptides and methods of use

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (4) US9458204B2 (pt)
EP (1) EP1784417B1 (pt)
AU (1) AU2005280147B2 (pt)
BR (1) BRPI0514672A (pt)
CA (1) CA2578041C (pt)
ES (1) ES2587365T3 (pt)
MX (1) MX2007001886A (pt)
NZ (1) NZ553315A (pt)
WO (1) WO2006026373A1 (pt)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8563004B2 (en) 2005-01-21 2013-10-22 Epitopix Llc Yersinia spp. polypeptides and methods of use
WO2017083367A1 (en) * 2015-11-09 2017-05-18 Epitopix, Llc Polypeptides of fusobacterium and methods of use

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ATE352314T1 (de) * 1994-02-09 2007-02-15 Epitopix Llc Aktive immunisierung gegen ein siderophores rezeptorprotein
US5830479A (en) * 1994-02-09 1998-11-03 Willmar Poultry Company, Inc. Active immunization using a siderophore receptor protein
ATE322288T1 (de) * 2001-01-03 2006-04-15 Epitopix Llc Zusammensetzungen zur immunisierung sowie deren verwendung
US7641780B2 (en) 2001-05-01 2010-01-05 Calibrant Biosystems, Inc. Two-dimensional microfluidics for protein separations and gene analysis
US9458204B2 (en) * 2004-08-25 2016-10-04 Epitopix Llc Fusobacterium polypeptides and methods of use
US20080160629A1 (en) * 2007-01-02 2008-07-03 Calibrant Biosystems, Inc. Methods and systems for off-line multidimensional concentration and separation of biomolecules
US20080156080A1 (en) * 2007-01-02 2008-07-03 Calibrant Biosystems, Inc. Methods and systems for multidimensional concentration and separation of biomolecules using capillary isotachophoresis
US8753643B1 (en) 2012-04-11 2014-06-17 Life-Science Innovations, Llc Spray dried compositions and methods of use
US10166280B2 (en) 2016-06-08 2019-01-01 Epitopix, Llc Polypeptides and immunizing compositions containing Bacillus polypeptides and methods of use

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040037851A1 (en) * 1999-09-29 2004-02-26 Adrian Liem Fusobacterium necrophorum vaccine and method for making such vaccine

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5455034A (en) 1992-06-26 1995-10-03 Kansas State University Research Foundation Fusobacterium necrophorum leukotoxoid vaccine
ATE352314T1 (de) 1994-02-09 2007-02-15 Epitopix Llc Aktive immunisierung gegen ein siderophores rezeptorprotein
US5538733A (en) 1994-07-07 1996-07-23 Willmar Poultry Company, Inc. Method of priming an immune response in a one-day old animal
US6241992B1 (en) * 1997-09-08 2001-06-05 University Technologies International, Inc. Bovine footrot treatment and prevention
US6682754B2 (en) 1999-11-24 2004-01-27 Willmar Poultry Company, Inc. Ovo delivery of an immunogen containing implant
AU5913801A (en) * 2000-04-25 2001-11-07 Univ Kansas State Recombinant fusobacterium necrophorum leukotoxin vaccine and preparation thereof
US6669940B2 (en) 2000-04-25 2003-12-30 Kansas University Research Foundation Recombinant fusobacterium necrophorum leukotoxin vaccine and preparation thereof
ATE322288T1 (de) 2001-01-03 2006-04-15 Epitopix Llc Zusammensetzungen zur immunisierung sowie deren verwendung
NZ582566A (en) 2003-09-19 2010-11-26 Epitopix Llc Metal regulated polypeptides and methods of use from campylobacter spp.
US9458204B2 (en) * 2004-08-25 2016-10-04 Epitopix Llc Fusobacterium polypeptides and methods of use

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040037851A1 (en) * 1999-09-29 2004-02-26 Adrian Liem Fusobacterium necrophorum vaccine and method for making such vaccine

Non-Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
AINSWORTH PC ET AL.: "Outer membrane proteins of Fusobacterium necrophorum biovars A, AB and B: their taxonomic relationship to F. necrophorum subspecies necrophorum and F. necrophorum subspecies funduliforme", JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION, vol. 5, no. 2, April 1993 (1993-04-01), pages 282 - 283, XP009058099 *
BOLSTAD AI. ET AL.: "Taxonomy, biology, and periodontal aspects of Fusobacterium nucleatum", CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS, vol. 9, no. 1, January 1996 (1996-01-01), pages 55 - 71, XP002357094 *
KAPATRAL V. ET AL.: "Genome analyses of F. nucleatum sub spp vincentii and its comparison with the genome of F. nucleatum ATCC 25586", GENOME RESEARCH, vol. 13, July 2003 (2003-07-01), pages 1180 - 1189, XP002357093 *
NARAYANAN SANJEEV KUMAR ET AL: "Cloning, sequencing, and expression of the leukotoxin gene from Fusobacterium necrophorum", INFECTION AND IMMUNITY, AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MICROBIOLOGY. WASHINGTON, US, vol. 69, no. 9, September 2001 (2001-09-01), pages 5447 - 5455, XP002275084, ISSN: 0019-9567 *
SAGINALA S ET AL: "Effect of Fusobacterium necrophorum leukotoxoid vaccine on susceptibility to experimentally induced liver abscesses in cattle", JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, NEW YORK, NY, US, vol. 75, no. 4, 1997, pages 1160 - 1166, XP002275083, ISSN: 0021-8812 *

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8563004B2 (en) 2005-01-21 2013-10-22 Epitopix Llc Yersinia spp. polypeptides and methods of use
US9085613B2 (en) 2005-01-21 2015-07-21 Epitopix, Llc Yersinia spp. polypeptides and methods of use
US9085612B2 (en) 2005-01-21 2015-07-21 Epitopix, Llc Yersinia spp. polypeptides and methods of use
US9109018B2 (en) 2005-01-21 2015-08-18 Epitopix, Llc Yersinia spp. polypeptides and methods of use
US9221899B2 (en) 2005-01-21 2015-12-29 Epitopix Llc Yersinia spp. polypeptides and methods of use
US9352029B2 (en) 2005-01-21 2016-05-31 Epitopix, Llc Yersinia spp. polypeptides and methods of use
US9801932B2 (en) 2005-01-21 2017-10-31 Epitopix, Llc Yersinia spp. polypeptides and methods of use
WO2017083367A1 (en) * 2015-11-09 2017-05-18 Epitopix, Llc Polypeptides of fusobacterium and methods of use
US11235049B2 (en) 2015-11-09 2022-02-01 Epitopix, Llc Polypeptides of fusobacterium and methods of use
US11439699B2 (en) 2015-11-09 2022-09-13 Epitopix, Llc Polypeptides of fusobacterium and methods of use

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
MX2007001886A (es) 2007-04-24
US9458204B2 (en) 2016-10-04
EP1784417B1 (en) 2016-05-18
AU2005280147A1 (en) 2006-03-09
EP1784417A1 (en) 2007-05-16
US10183974B2 (en) 2019-01-22
US9487564B2 (en) 2016-11-08
US20160376327A1 (en) 2016-12-29
CA2578041A1 (en) 2006-03-09
US20060083753A1 (en) 2006-04-20
US20160355554A1 (en) 2016-12-08
BRPI0514672A (pt) 2008-06-17
NZ553315A (en) 2009-12-24
US20080199941A1 (en) 2008-08-21
ES2587365T3 (es) 2016-10-24
AU2005280147B2 (en) 2011-02-24
CA2578041C (en) 2021-03-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US10183974B2 (en) Fusobacterium polypeptides and methods of use
US10086059B2 (en) Campylobacter polypeptides and methods of use
US9801932B2 (en) Yersinia spp. polypeptides and methods of use
US11439699B2 (en) Polypeptides of fusobacterium and methods of use
MXPA06002884A (en) Campylobacter polypeptides and methods of use
AU2012202163A1 (en) Yersinia spp. polypeptides and methods of use

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KM KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NA NG NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SM SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): GM KE LS MW MZ NA SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: MX/a/2007/001886

Country of ref document: MX

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2005280147

Country of ref document: AU

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 553315

Country of ref document: NZ

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2578041

Country of ref document: CA

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2005280147

Country of ref document: AU

Date of ref document: 20050825

Kind code of ref document: A

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 2005280147

Country of ref document: AU

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2005792876

Country of ref document: EP

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 2005792876

Country of ref document: EP

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: PI0514672

Country of ref document: BR