WO2006021604A1 - Separador gas-líquido con sensor de nivel capacitivo - Google Patents
Separador gas-líquido con sensor de nivel capacitivo Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006021604A1 WO2006021604A1 PCT/ES2005/070081 ES2005070081W WO2006021604A1 WO 2006021604 A1 WO2006021604 A1 WO 2006021604A1 ES 2005070081 W ES2005070081 W ES 2005070081W WO 2006021604 A1 WO2006021604 A1 WO 2006021604A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- liquid
- tank
- level sensor
- walls
- sensor
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- DCAYPVUWAIABOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DCAYPVUWAIABOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005499 meniscus Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000194 supercritical-fluid extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
- G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
- G01F23/26—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields
- G01F23/263—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields by measuring variations in capacitance of capacitors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
- B01D5/0033—Other features
- B01D5/0042—Thermo-electric condensing; using Peltier-effect
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
- G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
- G01F23/26—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields
- G01F23/263—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields by measuring variations in capacitance of capacitors
- G01F23/266—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields by measuring variations in capacitance of capacitors measuring circuits therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
- G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
- G01F23/26—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields
- G01F23/263—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields by measuring variations in capacitance of capacitors
- G01F23/268—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields by measuring variations in capacitance of capacitors mounting arrangements of probes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a capacitive type level sensor, specially designed to apply to systems where working with reduced volumes, for example in pilot plants or at the laboratory level where, the size of the instruments and the measurement range, suppose limitations when using the meters that currently exist.
- the object of the invention is to provide a sensor for level measurement in these microsystems, which works with virtually zero dead volumes, and that allows working at high pressures, even for systems in supercritical conditions, obtaining precise and linear responses in their measurements .
- a reservoir where condensation of the reaction liquid products occurs at the exit of a reactor must have a continuous level measurement in order to regulate the exit of liquids from the reactor, phenomenon that happens with pressures in this high tank, of the order of 100 bar. Condensation occurs continuously and, if the intention is to avoid the accumulation of these products in order to enable the analysis of samples at certain reaction times, the situation should be as close as possible to "drop condensing, drop evacuated from the system ". For this it is essential to maintain a constant level, which also acts as a hydraulic closure of the system
- the capacitive level sensor that the invention proposes solves in a completely satisfactory way the problem previously exposed, in the different aspects mentioned, since it is specially designed for application in systems where microvolumes are used.
- the proposed invention for example in an application as a low-volume liquid-gas separator, will be formed by a capacitive type level sensor, incorporated into a liquid-gas separator.
- Said separator is embodied in a metal piece, preferably solid and made of stainless steel, in which a hole has been drilled longitudinally, which constitutes a reservoir, as well as other machining corresponding to the inlet and outlet of the gas and liquid system.
- a probe electrically isolated from the rest of the system is introduced through the upper part of this hole by means of closures preferably of an elastomeric type, chemically compatible and capable of withstanding high pressures.
- the said solid part has a configuration preferably parallelepiped, which will enable its cooling, so it will act as a condenser, for it has the incorporation of a cooling system, for example a Peltier cell, which will keep in contact with the metal housing.
- a cooling system for example a Peltier cell
- the deposit of the parallelepiped piece allows liquids to condense on its walls at high pressure and at a temperature between -2 and 20 ° C, said condensed liquids being collected at its base, to which the probe is inserted, which is electrically isolated from that Deposit becomes one of the plates of an electric capacitor.
- the constituent system of the probe is equipped with a series of pieces of insulating material, preferably Teflon, which in addition to guiding the whole, have the mission of eliminating dead volumes from the system.
- the device has at least one inlet for gases and two outlets, one at the bottom of the tank to allow the exit of the condensed liquids and another to evacuate the gases.
- the level sensor is capacitive, following the behavior of an electric capacitor, the operation of the system is therefore based on the following physical principle:
- this capacitor acquires an electric charge, and the capacity of this capacitor is defined as the ratio between the load of any of its armatures and the potential difference between the two: c _ q
- frequency signals are treated by a microprocessor, where they are received through a multiplexer, the microprocessor performs the necessary calculations, based on response coefficients, to produce an analog output signal interpretable by the control instruments, typically this is a 4/20 mA signal, proportional to the sensor response, which in turn is proportional to the height of the liquid in the tank, and which is transmitted to a controller in charge of the level control in the gas-liquid separator system.
- the system calibration can be performed by digital communications with a computer, or by push buttons that select the frequency signals that will correspond to the maximum and minimum output signals.
- Figure 1 Shows a schematic representation of a section of a view in elevation corresponding to the liquid-gas condenser with level sensor object of the invention.
- Figure 2. Shows a block diagram representative of the level reading system of the capacitive sensor that the invention proposes.
- Figure 3. Shows a graph showing the variation in the oscillation frequency of the capacitive level sensor object of the invention, when 0.5 cm 3 of ethanol is introduced four times in a row.
- Figure 4.- Shows a graph showing the variation of the oscillation frequency with the relative dielectric constant for 2 cm 3 of liquid.
- a capacitive level sensor that the invention proposes is formed by a solid metal part (1), made in this example in stainless steel, which has a borehole (2), which constitutes a reservoir, and through whose open top, through the hole (3), a probe (4) is introduced, electrically isolated from the rest of the system by means of elastomeric type closures, chemically compatible and capable of withstand high pressures, up to 400 bar.
- the special parallelepiped configuration of the piece (1) allows its cooling to act as a condenser, by means of a Peltier cell, so that when applying a potential difference, a temperature difference between the plates of approximately 30 ° C is generated, so the hot plate will increase its temperature to 55 ° C. If a forced convection heat sink is used to lower the temperature of this plate to 25 ° C, then, and to maintain a temperature difference of 30 ° C, the temperature of the cold plate should drop to -5 o C, and put in contact with a metal block will get temperature in that block of the order of 0 o C.
- the system has a series of parts referenced with (6) and (7), made of Teflon that are inside the set, and that eliminate dead volumes from the system.
- the separator with capacitive sensor that appears in figure 1 has an inlet (8) of gases, including condensables, and two outputs, one of them referenced as (9), located in the lower area of the tank (2) for the evacuation of liquids, and another with reference (10), for the exit of gases, for example towards the pressure control of the system
- the non-condensed gases will leave the system through the outlet (10) of the part (1).
- the liquid contained between the metallic casing (1) and isolated probe (4) acts as a dielectric, modifying the electrical capacity of a capacitor system, so that by means of two oscillating circuits a proportional frequency signal will be emitted to the capacity of the system and therefore to the amount of liquid accumulated in the tank (2).
- the block diagram shown in Figure 2 there are two oscillating systems, one measuring (11) and one compensation (12), identical for each of the two circuits, which are in close contact to make the compensation of oscillator circuit temperatures.
- the frequency signals of these systems are received in a microprocessor (13) through a multiplexer (14).
- the microprocessor (13) performs the necessary calculations to prepare an output signal (15), of type 4/20 mA, proportional to the response of the sensor, which in turn is proportional to the height of the liquid in the reservoir (2) .
- the system calibration is carried out by digital communications (16) with a computer, or by means of buttons that select the frequency signals that correspond to the maximum and minimum output signals, 20 and 4 mA respectively.
- liquid outlet (9) With the liquid outlet (9) closed with a cap and the gas outlet (10) open to the atmosphere for venting the system, it is introduced through the inlet of gases and condensables (8), by means of a graduated syringe whose needle is inserted to the inside of the tank (2), to avoid meniscus phenomena in the inlet, known and exact amounts of a compound.
- quantities of 0.5 cm 3 of ethanol have been introduced on four consecutive occasions, accumulating a total of 2 cm 3 in the tank (2).
- the signal provided by the RC oscillator circuit (before being converted into a 4/20 mA analog signal) can vary between 31,000 and 90,000 Hz for water, between 31,000 and 50,000 Hz for an alcohol and between 31,000 and 31,700 Hz for a hydrocarbon .
- a zero error of the instrument of for example 50 Hz is negligible in the case of fluids with high dielectric constant, but decisive in the case of fluids with low dielectric constant. Therefore, it is important to fix the instrument zero with reasonable precision and for this the system must be empty but it will have been previously moistened with the product to be measured. Once the instrument zero is known, it can be verified that the output signal of the instrument is directly proportional to the liquid height in the tank (2).
- the microprocessor (13) converts the output signal into an analog signal (15) interpretable by the control instruments. Typically this is a 4/20 mA signal. For this, it is sufficient to indicate to the instrument that 31,000 Hz corresponds to an output of 4 mA and, for example for ethanol, 50,000 Hz corresponds to an output of 20 mA. As of this moment, the instrument provides a 4/20 mA output signal proportional to the height of the liquid in the tank (2), except for geometric design issues.
- the system described in the present invention has been used in a reactor for the study of catalytic microactivity, where when the reaction products evacuate the reactor, the liquids must be removed before circulating through the pressure control valve. These liquids cannot access the pressure control system, because if they did, the behavior of the control valve should be such that it would allow the passage of these liquids. Therefore, continuous openings or closures due to the need to quickly change the pitch coefficient, would cause a flow of pulsating piston flow along the reactor. Moreover, it is usually convenient for the good reproducibility of analytical techniques to carry out the liquid-gas separation before transporting the reaction products, for example, to a chromatograph. If the reactor works at atmospheric pressure, the removal of condensed liquids in the separator could be done manually by an operator.
- the capacitive level sensor has also been used successfully in a plant for supercritical extraction with a counter current column. At the base of this column there is a deposit in which the exhausted liquids are collected after their circulation through the extraction column; and this tank is at a pressure of 400 bar, its volume being approximately 200 cm 3 .
- the nature of the medium present in the system is supercritical CO 2 and the different liquids that descend to the reservoir can be of a very different nature: mineral oils, vegetable oils, tomato residues, dairy residues, etc.
- Another application of this system is the level measurement in autoclaves, that is in high pressure agitated vessels, of small size, with a capacity between
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Measurement Of Levels Of Liquids Or Fluent Solid Materials (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/628,340 US7895891B2 (en) | 2004-06-03 | 2005-06-02 | Gas/liquid separator comprising a capacitive level sensor |
EP05774346.0A EP1757911B1 (en) | 2004-06-03 | 2005-06-02 | Gas/liquid separator comprising a capacitive level sensor |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ES200401349A ES2249139B1 (es) | 2004-06-03 | 2004-06-03 | Sensor de nivel capacitivo valido para sistemas de volumen muy reducido. |
ESP200401349 | 2004-06-03 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2006021604A1 true WO2006021604A1 (es) | 2006-03-02 |
Family
ID=35967181
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/ES2005/070081 WO2006021604A1 (es) | 2004-06-03 | 2005-06-02 | Separador gas-líquido con sensor de nivel capacitivo |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7895891B2 (es) |
EP (1) | EP1757911B1 (es) |
ES (1) | ES2249139B1 (es) |
WO (1) | WO2006021604A1 (es) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ES2353288B1 (es) * | 2009-08-17 | 2012-01-09 | Consejos Superior De Investigaciones Cientificas | Dispositivo separador capacitivo. |
WO2017039789A1 (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2017-03-09 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Corp-Urc-E2. 4A.296 | Smart electrochemical sensor for pipeline corrosion measurement |
US11674838B2 (en) | 2019-04-04 | 2023-06-13 | Poseidon Systems Llc | Capacitive fringe field oil level sensor with integrated humidity and temperature sensing |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4470300A (en) * | 1981-04-10 | 1984-09-11 | Nissan Motor Company, Limited | Apparatus for and method of determining a capacitance |
US4506510A (en) * | 1982-06-10 | 1985-03-26 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Apparatus for continuously metering vapors contained in the atmosphere |
US6272906B1 (en) * | 1998-09-01 | 2001-08-14 | Institut Francais Du Petrole | Device for separating and for measuring the volume of the various phases of a mixture of fluids |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2186842A (en) * | 1936-07-25 | 1940-01-09 | Gen Electric | Electric capacitor |
-
2004
- 2004-06-03 ES ES200401349A patent/ES2249139B1/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2005
- 2005-06-02 US US11/628,340 patent/US7895891B2/en active Active
- 2005-06-02 WO PCT/ES2005/070081 patent/WO2006021604A1/es active Application Filing
- 2005-06-02 EP EP05774346.0A patent/EP1757911B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4470300A (en) * | 1981-04-10 | 1984-09-11 | Nissan Motor Company, Limited | Apparatus for and method of determining a capacitance |
US4506510A (en) * | 1982-06-10 | 1985-03-26 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Apparatus for continuously metering vapors contained in the atmosphere |
US6272906B1 (en) * | 1998-09-01 | 2001-08-14 | Institut Francais Du Petrole | Device for separating and for measuring the volume of the various phases of a mixture of fluids |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2249139A1 (es) | 2006-03-16 |
US7895891B2 (en) | 2011-03-01 |
US20070283753A1 (en) | 2007-12-13 |
EP1757911B1 (en) | 2019-06-26 |
EP1757911A1 (en) | 2007-02-28 |
ES2249139B1 (es) | 2007-05-01 |
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