WO2006021573A1

WO2006021573A1 - Brush holder for an electric machine

Info

Publication number: WO2006021573A1
Application number: PCT/EP2005/054178
Authority: WO
Inventors: Erik Maurer
Original assignee: Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date: 2004-08-27
Filing date: 2005-08-25
Publication date: 2006-03-02
Also published as: DE102004041485A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a brush holder (24.1, 24.2) for an electric machine (10). Said holder comprises two end faces (30, 32), at least one retaining element (34, 94), in which at least one brush (22.1, 22.2) is held in a displaceable manner and a support (42, 96), which carries the retaining element or elements (34, 94) and comprises fixing sections (54, 56, 62, 64; 98, 100, 102, 104, 106) that fix the brush holder (24.1, 24.2) to the electric machine (10). The fixing sections (54, 56, 62, 64; 98, 100, 102, 104, 106) are configured on the two end faces (30, 32) of the support (42, 96) in such a way that the brush holder (24.1, 24.2) can be fixed to the electric machine (10) both by one end face (30) and by the other end face (32).

Description

Brush holder for an electric machine

State of the art

The invention relates to a brush holder for an electric machine according to the preamble of claim 1. Such a brush holder has two end faces, at least one holder in which at least one brush is movably received, and a support which carries the holder and the mounting portions has, with which the brush holder is fixed to the electric machine.

When these electrical machines are used as brush-type, preferably bipolar electric motors, in particular heating and climate motors, various requirements are made:

First, there are fan-specific installation situations in the vehicle, which allow only a specific direction of rotation of the engine, including the paddle wheel driven by him, as is the case, for example, when a vehicle model is to be produced as a right-hand drive and once as a left-hand drive vehicles. For this purpose, engines in the same housing design, which usually come from a so-called modular and are scaled, offered. These are manufactured in a so-called left-handed and right-handed execution. This once defined direction of rotation per motor is no longer changed. These are not reversing motors. The engines are not reversed for their function in the vehicle.

Second, the engines have to be quiet. A strong low noise is expected especially from the brushes. To satisfy this, so-called "dragged brushes" are used, which is to be understood geometrically as meaning that the brushes are not radially arranged but are inclined in the direction of rotation of the motor by an angle, usually 5 to 20 ° a change in the direction of motor rotation by simply reversing the polarity of the motor (positive pole becomes negative pole and negative pole becomes positive pole) or by reversing polarity of the two as a rule Magnets (north becomes south and south becomes north) will not, as the engine would acknowledge this with loud coal noise and poor efficiency.

Third, different power classes must be inexpensive to produce. For this reason, different coal cross sections, for example, with 8x8mm and

8x10mm coal cross section used. To satisfy this requirement and to remain competitive in terms of cost, in the lower power spectrum, i. low power engines have small coal cross sections, e.g. with a coal cross section of 8x8mm and in the upper power spectrum, i. in high power engines, large coal cross sections, e.g. with a coal cross section of 8x10mm to

Engine assembly used. This may also require custom coal quivers.

For the realization of these three requirements (specific direction of rotation of the motor + soft coal by dragging + adapted to the performance coal cross-section) is worked with the following technical possibilities in the area of the brush holder.

On the one hand, depending on the direction of rotation and the performance class, the motor receives a specific brush holder consisting of a direction-sensitive plastic brush plate with molded / integrated plastic brush holders, two brushes independent of the direction of rotation and two springs independent of the direction of rotation.

The following tools are required for the illustration of a construction kit: 1 tool for the brush plate for the left and 8x8mm coal cross section, 1 tool for the right brush plate for the 8x8mm coal cross section, 1 tool for the left brush plate for the coal cross section 8x10mm, 1 tool for the right brush plate for the coal section 8x10mm, 1 tool for the brush 8x8mm, 1 tool for the brush 8x10mm and 1 device for the spring production. This gives a total of seven tools. The disadvantage here is that this brush holder design is mostly suitable only for motors with low power ratings, since the plastic quivers usually thermofused at high power classes. This solution is not suitable for building a kit that can be used to build powerful engines.

On the other hand, depending on the direction of rotation and the performance class, the motor, with its higher performance requirements, will each have a specific brush holder consisting of one specific, depending on the direction of rotation plastic or hard paper brush plate, 2 direction-dependent metal coal bags, 2 direction of rotation-dependent carbon brushes and 2 independent of direction of rotation springs. Depending on the performance class, the brush plate can be equipped with a 8x8mm or 8xl0mm carbon quiver. The following tools are required for the illustration of a kit: 1 tool for the universal directional brush holder, 1 tool for coal quiver 8x8mm with the direction of rotation left and 1 tool for the coal quiver 8x10mm with the direction of rotation left, 1 tool for coal quiver 8x8mm with the direction of rotation right and 1 tool for coal quiver 8x10mm clockwise rotation, 1 tool for the direction-independent carbon brush 8x8mm, 1 tool for the direction-independent carbon brush 8x10mm and 1 device for spring production. This results in a total of eight tools.

Both kits is common that a single, cohesive brush plate is used, the coal quiver, coal, springs and possibly Suppressors carries that only one direction of rotation per brush holder is possible and that the number of tools required is quite high.

Advantages of the invention

The brush holder for electrical machines according to the invention with the features of claim 1 has the advantage of a functionally symmetrical structure. There is only one brush holder, i. The brush holder is designed only for one direction of rotation.Turning by 180 ° around a turning axis in a plane of symmetry, it can thus in a motor or pole housing or a Bearing cover or bracket are used that both engine rotation can be realized.

Furthermore, the brush holder with the features of claim 1 has the advantage that a maximum of only six tools are needed. From these maximum of six tools, a complete kit can be operated, which meets at least the first two of the above requirements. This results in a drastic cost reduction in the initial tool costs, especially at the start of production, especially when produced globally at several locations and requires separate tools for each location are. The cost reduction at the start of production increases with the increase in the number of production sites.

For this purpose, the brush holder for an electric machine, which has two end faces, at least one holder, in which at least one brush is movably received, and a carrier which carries the holder and has the attachment portions, with which fixes the brush holder to the electric machine is, wherein fastening portions are formed on both end sides of the carrier, that the carrier is fϊxierbar both with one and the other end face on the electric machine.

The brush plate can be equipped with the mentioned 8x8mm coal bowls as well as with the 8x10mm coal bowls.

In addition, the setup effort is reduced during production, since only brush holder one direction of rotation must be made. Further, they also reduce

General costs, which are more difficult to quantify precisely for each individual part produced, since additional or duplicate expenditure is omitted for development costs, quantifiable costs, since additional or double expenditure is incurred for development costs, administrative costs of additional part numbers, modification costs, quality assurance costs, approval costs and costs. In addition, no results

Part confusion during production.

Preferably, a plane of symmetry extends between the fastening sections of the two end faces, since this results in a simple construction. Advantageously, the plane of symmetry runs along the direction of movement of a brush in the at least one holder, as this brushes of different extent in the axial

Direction of the brush holder always run symmetrically to the mounting sections.

Characterized in that the fastening portions in the axial direction of the brush holder aligned attacks, which have the same distance from the symmetrical plane of each end face, the brush holder can be easily positioned axially on the electric machine.

Characterized in that the holder has in edge areas ribs which are arranged parallel to the direction of movement of the brush in Aumahmeteil such that brushes, the have perpendicular to the direction of different extents having a first plane of symmetry, which is parallel to the direction of movement, symmetrically and / or centrally located between the attachment portions of the two end faces, the other planes of symmetry of brushes of different extent in the axial direction of the brush holder coincide with the first plane of symmetry.

Preferably, the holder is a U-shaped receptacle for a brush holder. As a result, the holder can be easily manufactured and the brush holder to stock up easily. The most preferred development is also that brush quivers are provided, since only with them motors with very high performance can be realized.

In an advantageous development spring tongues for damping a brush holder are arranged on at least two opposite sides of the holder, which preferably rest firmly against the brush bags. This can reduce the noise.

The fact that the fastening portions are arranged on the outer circumference of the brush holder and extend at least partially continuously from one to the other end face, the brush holder can be easily attached to the housing of the electric machine despite the reversibility.

In a preferred development, the brush holder has hook pairs for fixing brush strands. This ensures that the brush strands do not create a short circuit to surrounding components. In a preferred embodiment, the brush holder on pockets for receiving suppressors.

In a preferred development, at least the fastening sections of the two end faces extend symmetrically to a line which is perpendicular to an axis of a rotating contact element which cooperates with the at least one brush during operation of the electric machine, so that this line preferably has one

Turning axis forms, to which the brush holder turned and optionally with its two end faces on an electric machine can be fastened. This is particularly useful in a brush holder having at least two brackets which are diametrically opposed and are connected to each other via at least two, preferably ring segment-shaped connecting struts. - -

A simple and space-saving construction results when the carrier has the form of a frame having two mutually opposite frame struts which extend radially around the connecting struts and which has two opposing bridges, at least on the sides facing away from the brushes of the holders lead past.

Preferably, the carrier is connected via at least three, preferably four spring elements with the brackets and / or the connecting struts. Characterized in that the spring elements protrude axially with a first portion on a front side of the carrier, in a first semicircular arc section, projecting with a substantially straight central portion between the carrier and the brackets and the connecting struts, merge into a second semicircular arc section and with a second axially extending portion are attached to the brackets and / or connecting struts on the second end face, the brushes run on a commutator with a reduced risk of a non-circular run. As a result, the spring elements, in contrast to the known from the prior art spring elements for brush holder, such as DE 42 41 405 Al, relatively soft in the circumferential direction and relatively stiff in the axial direction and radial direction.

The fact that the carrier has at least three, preferably four fastening sections, which are each formed at the transition regions of the frame struts and the bridges, results in a mechanically stable construction.

Preferably, the mounting portions are radially outwardly directed projections which have tapers which lie on a circular arc and which are preferably in

Recesses of a housing wall of the electrical machine are pluggable and preferably have an axially extending cavity. This results in easy assembly, good centering and a stable grip.

Two holders are preferably provided on such a brush holder, the center axes of which run parallel to one another and offset relative to one another, so that the holders are aligned with the brushes in the direction of rotation of the rotating contact element during operation of the electric machine. This results in an easily manageable assembly, which also has good noise properties. Axially projecting posts for the passage of brush strands are preferably formed on the frame struts on one end face, as a result of which the brush strands are better guided and thus secured against the risk of a short circuit, in particular to add-on parts.

Characterized in that the brush holder has substantially the shape of a circle segment, such a brush holder is well suited as a single brush holder for a single brush or for a single brush holder. This allows the use of two, four or six of these assemblies for the assembly of 2-, 4- or 6-pole motors. So it's enough to just build a single part and through

Multiple use to produce complete engines. This is facilitated by the fact that the carrier has substantially the shape of a circular arc segment and the holder is arranged within this circular arc.

Another advantage of a single brush holder is that it is small, whereby the tools for the brush holder are small compared to conventional brush support structures. On a similar sized tool surface more brush plates are ejected per tool; solely by the better utilization of the available area. And that although at least two brush holders must be used per motor. The range of a conventional commutator

Brush plates is recessed, is now used. Nevertheless, all three requirements mentioned above are met.

The fact that the beginning of the holder is formed off-center on the carrier and is inclined to the radial of the arc, is in a simple way a "towed

Brush "realized.

When the attachment portions are formed by the carrier having two circular-segment-shaped walls each defining a groove at each of the two end faces, the two grooves being aligned with each other and at least partially separated by a bottom connecting the two walls simply attach the brush holder to a motor housing. The fact that the grooves are continuous at the edge of the carrier and are not separated by the bottom, the brush holder can even deeper stuck in a recess in the motor housing. - o -

Preferably, the radii of the two circular-segment-shaped walls correspond to those of the housing wall of an electrical machine to be mounted.

For better attachment recesses are provided on the walls, forming the spring tongues, wherein preferably on the walls facing webs are formed, forming the constrictions.

The fact that the holder is supported by a strut of the carrier, which starts off-center on the carrier and is connected to the end of the holder, can save material or clamp a component in the space, the brush holder is still mechanically stable.

Such a brush holder with at least one brush and / or with at least one provided with a brush brush holder allows a simple way a kit.

Characterized in that the brush holder can be equipped with at least one first brush holder, which has a first extension perpendicular to the direction of movement of the brush, or can be equipped with at least one second brush holder which has a second extension perpendicular to the direction of movement, which is larger than the first extension, and in that the second brush holder has at least one projection resting on the base of the holder and whose height is equal to (second extension - first extension) / 2, so that the center planes of the brushes in the brush boxes each lie centrally between the attachment sections of the two end faces, The brush holder is suitable for both low and high power classes. Alternatively, this can be achieved in that the brush holder can be equipped with at least one first brush quiver, which has a first extension perpendicular to the direction of movement of the brush, or can be equipped with at least one second brush holder, which has a second extension perpendicular to the direction of movement, which is larger as the first extension, and that the first brush holder has at least lateral extensions, which on the

Bars come to rest, so that the mid-planes of the brushes in the brush bags are in the middle between the attachment sections of the two end faces.

With an electric machine, preferably a commutator motor with one or more such brush holders, wherein the one or more brush holder on one end face is attached to the housing of the electrical machine or are, can easily implement a kit.

The fact that the brush holder or the one placed on the front side of the electric machine and is held by a cover or are, results in a simple

Fixation. The fact that the fastening portions are inserted into recesses of the housing on the front side, there is a good grip.

Further advantages and advantageous developments emerge from the subclaims and the description.

drawing

Two embodiments are shown in the drawing and explained in more detail in the following description. Show it:

1 shows an electrical machine in a longitudinal section,

Figure 2 is a perspective view of a brush holder for two brushes in

Housing of the electric machine of Figure 1 in a first installation position,

FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of the brush holder in the housing of the electric machine according to FIG. 1 in a second installation position,

4 shows the brush holder according to FIG. 2 without housing but with first brushes, FIG.

5 shows the brush holder according to FIG. 3 without housing but with first brushes, FIG.

FIG. 6 shows the brush holder according to FIG. 4 without brushes,

7 shows the brush holder according to FIG. 4 in a plan view, FIG. 8 shows the brush holder according to FIG. 5 in a plan view,

9 shows the brush holder according to FIG. 7 in a front view with the first brushes, FIG. 10 shows the brush holder according to FIG. 7 in a front view only with brush boxes of the first brushes, FIG. 11 shows the brush brushes of the first brushes in a bottom view, FIG. 12 shows the brush holder according to FIG in a front view with second brushes,

FIG. 13 shows the brush holder according to FIG. 7 in a front view only with brush boxes of the first brushes,

15 shows a perspective view of two individual brush holders in the housing of the electric machine of FIG. 1 in a first installation position, FIG. 16 is a perspective view of the single brush holder in the housing of the electric machine of Figure 1 in a second mounting position,

FIG. 17 shows the individual brush holders according to FIG. 15 without housings and brushes,

18 shows a single brush holder according to FIG. 15 in a view from above, FIG. 19 shows a single brush holder according to FIG. 15 in a view from below, FIG.

FIG. 20 shows a single brush holder according to FIG. 15 in a front view with third brush boxes;

Figure 21 is a single brush holder of Figure 15 in a front view with the

Brush Holes of the second brushes, Figure 22 shows the third brush holder in a view from the left,

FIG. 23 shows the third brush quiver in a view from below,

FIG. 24 shows the second brush holder in a view from the left and

Figure 25 shows the second brush holder in a view from the left.

Description of the embodiment

In the figure 1, a part of an electric machine 10 is shown simplified in a longitudinal section. In the present embodiment, it is a brush-type DC motor, also called commutator, which is preferably used in a fan drive of a motor vehicle. However, other applications are conceivable, for example in a window regulator, wiper drive, seat adjuster or other applications in a motor vehicle. It can also be a generator. The electrical machine 10 preferably has only one direction of rotation, which is why it is particularly intended for the already mentioned fan drive. Also due to the low noise, the electric machine 10 is best suited for a fan output.

In the electric machine 10, a commutator is arranged on the shaft in the case of a brushed DC motor. In the case of a generator, this would be a slip ring. In both cases, however, it is a

Contact element that rotates preferably.

The electric machine 10 comprises a housing 12, in particular a pole housing, and an armature 14 arranged therein. The armature 14 has a shaft 16 and an armature package 17 with an armature winding not shown in detail. The Armature winding is connected via wires 18 with hooks of a commutator 20. The commutator 20 is acted on the circumference of two carbon brushes or brushes 22 on two radially opposite sides. The brushes 22 are arranged on a first brush holder 24. From the brush holder 24, which is made as a plastic injection molded part, two embodiments, 24.1 and 24.2, will be described in more detail. The commutator 20, the brush 22 and the brush holder 24 form a commutation 26. The brush holder 24 is preferably held or fixed by a cover 28 on the housing 12. The lid 28 may also be a bearing cap or bearing bracket. The brush holder 24 may also be used in such a bearing cap or bearing bracket.

In FIGS. 2 to 8 and also 9, 10, 12 and 13, a first brush holder 24. 1 inserted into the housing 12 of the electric machine 10 according to a first exemplary embodiment is shown without the armature 14, the commutator 20 and the cover 28. The brush holder 24.1 is at an end face 29 of the housing 12 of the electric

Machine 10 attached.

The brush holder 24.1 has two end faces 30, 32. He also has two diametrically opposite, preferably U-shaped brackets 34 with side walls 34.1 and a bottom 34.2, in each of which a brush 22 in a than

Sheet metal stamping part produced brush quiver 38 slidably and acted upon by a spring 40 is arranged. It is also possible that three, four or more brackets 34 are provided.

In addition, the brush holder 24.1 as a further essential part on a carrier 42 which carries the brackets 34. The central axes 44 of the two brackets 34 extend parallel to one another and offset from one another, so that the brushes 22 are inclined in the direction of rotation of the commutator 20 during operation of the electric machine 10. This has a very quiet run result, resulting in the particular suitability of the electric machine 10 as a fan drive. The two brackets 34 are connected to each other via two, preferably ring-segment-shaped connecting struts 46. On the brackets 34 and the brush holder 38 will be discussed in more detail.

The carrier 42 has the shape of a frame. It is formed by two mutually opposite frame struts 48 which radially around the connecting struts 46 of Brackets 34 run. Further, it has two opposing bridges 50, which on the one hand to the sides facing away from the brush 22 sides of the brackets 34 lead past. Each bridge 50 preferably includes a bracket 52 that extends radially around the brackets 34, but below the brush holder 38. Also, only one bracket 52 may be provided and no bridges 50.

The carrier 42 has on the outer circumference fastening portions 54, with which the brush holder 24 is fixed to the electric machine 10 on the housing 12. The attachment portions 54 are formed on both end faces 30, 32 of the carrier 42, that the carrier 42 and thus the brush holder 24 with the one end face 30 and also the other end face 32 on the housing 12 is fixable.

Instead of the four fastening sections 54 shown, the carrier 42 can also be fastened to the housing 12 with three. The four attachment portions 54 are formed at the transition portions of the frame stays 48 and the bridges 50, respectively. As can be seen particularly clearly from FIGS. 7 and 8, the fastening sections 54 are radially outwardly directed extensions which, as shown at least, extend laterally, as shown, preferably from one end face 30 to the other end face 32. The fastening portions 54 have tapers 56, which, like the fastening portions 54 themselves, lie on a circular arc, which is illustrated by the housing 12. The attachment portions 54 and the tapers 56 are preferably inserted into end-side recesses 58 (Figures 2 and 3) or window of the housing wall 12, resulting in a positive locking against rotation. The tapers 56 preferably each have an axially extending cavity 60, resulting in greater elasticity and better

Damping results.

On the outer circumference of the fastening portions 54 laterally projecting lugs 62 are formed. These bear against the outer circumference of the housing 12 and form the outer end of the tapers 56. The inner end or beginning of the

Taper 56 is formed by a shoulder or shoulder 64 which abuts the inner periphery of the housing 12. As a result, a positive securing against radial movements of the brush holder 24 is formed. The aligned in the axial direction of the brush holder 24.1 end faces 66, 68 of the mounting portions 54 are applied to the housing 12 and form axial stops. The end faces 66, 68 are at the same distance from a symmetry plane 70 that can be seen particularly well in FIG. 6. It runs between the fastening sections 54 of the two end faces 30, 32. The plane of symmetry 70 runs along the direction of movement 72 of the brushes 22 with a double arrow Brackets 34.

The attachment portions 54 of the two end faces 30, 32 extend symmetrically to a line 74 which is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the commutator 20, which cooperates with the two brushes 22 during operation of the electric machine 10. As a result, the line 74 forms a turning axis about which the brush holder 24.1 is turned and can be attached to the electric machine 10 with either its two end faces 30, 32.

As another, i. Additional or alternative development of the brush holder 24.1 according to the invention, the carrier 42 has at least three, preferably four

Spring elements 76, with which it is connected to the brackets 34 and / or the connecting struts 46. The spring elements 76 are with a first portion 76.1 on an end face 32 axially from the carrier 42 and go into a first semicircular arc section 76.2 over. With a substantially straight central portion 76.3 they protrude between the support 42 and the brackets 34 and the connecting struts 46 and pass into a second semicircular arc section 76.4. With a subsequent, second axially extending portion 76.5, the spring elements are then attached to the brackets 34 and / or the connecting struts 46 of the second end face 30. In the direction of rotation of the commutator 20 or circumferential direction of the brush holder 24.1, the spring elements 76 have a lower

Extension as perpendicular to the direction of rotation of the commutator or the circumferential direction of the brush holder 24.1. The larger extension is about five times larger than the smaller extension, with a range of three to eight times as large and still delivers good values. As a result, the spring elements 76 are relatively soft in the circumferential direction and relatively stiff in the axial direction and radial direction, in each case of the brush holder 24.1 or the electric machine 10.

In FIGS. 9 to 14, a further, ie additional or alternative development of the brush holder 24.1 according to the invention is illustrated. The brackets 34 have in their edge regions ribs 78 which are parallel to the direction of movement of the Brushes 22 are arranged. As a result, brushes 22, which have different extents perpendicular to their direction of movement, are arranged symmetrically and / or centrally between the fastening sections 54 of the two end faces 30, 32, with a plane of symmetry running parallel to the direction of movement. This results in a better running properties.

To illustrate this, a first brush 22.1 is shown in FIG. 9, which is arranged in a first brush holder 38.1. The brush 22.1, for example, has a cross-sectional area of 8x8mm. The brush holder 38.1 is made of a metal sheet, eg. Copper sheet, of about 0.5mm thickness. This results in an extension in

Axial direction of 9mm.

FIG. 12 shows a second brush 22.2, which is arranged in a second brush box 38.2. The brush 22.2 has, for example, a cross-sectional area of 8xlθmm. The brush quiver 38.2 is also made of a metal sheet, eg. Copper sheet, of about 0.5mm thickness. This results in an extension in the axial direction of 1 lmm. The distance of the ribs 78 is dimensioned so that the second brush holder 38.2 rests on the bottom of the holder 34.

So that now both brushes 22.1 and 22.2 are located centrally in the plane of symmetry 70, the

Ribs 78 (1 lmm-9mm) / 2 = lmm high. In other dimensions applies to the height of the ribs 78: total extension of the brush holder which has the greater dimension in the axial direction of the electric machine 10 or the brush holder 24.1 minus the total extension of the brush holder, the axial direction of the electric machine 10 or the brush holder 24.1 the smaller size and the result divided by two.

The first brush holder 38.1 has laterally projecting wings 80 for support on the ribs 78. The wings 80 are transverse or perpendicular to insertion tabs 81. Otherwise, the brush holders 38 may be formed, manufactured and secured, as for example in EP 691 047 or US 5,696,418, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

By the training just described thus results that the brush holder 24.1 can be equipped with a first brush holder 38.1, which has perpendicular to the direction of movement of the brush 22.1 a first extent, or that of Brush holder 24.1 can be equipped with a second brush holder 38.2, which has a second extension perpendicular to the direction of movement, which is greater than the first extension, and that the first brush holder 38.1 at least lateral extensions 80 which come to rest on the ribs 78 so that the center planes of the two brushes 22.1 and 22.2, which in this case correspond to the plane of symmetry 70, are centered between the two

Fixing portions 54 of the two end faces 30, 32 are. However, it is sufficient if the two brushes 22.1 and 22.2 quasi escape with each other, regardless of whether a plane of symmetry 70 is provided.

In addition, 30 axially projecting posts on the frame struts 48 on an end face

82 for the implementation of brush strands 84 of the brush 22 is formed. Furthermore, the brush holder has hook pairs 86 for fixing the brush strands 84. Finally, the brush holder 24, preferably in the frame struts 48 pockets 88 for receiving interference suppression, not shown.

In FIGS. 15 to 21, two brush holders 24.2 inserted into the housing 12 of the electric machine 10 are shown without the armature 14, the commutator 20 and the cover 28 according to a second exemplary embodiment. The brush holders 24. 2 essentially have the shape of a circle segment and are fastened to an end face 29 of the housing 12 of the electric machine 10. For this purpose, the brush holder 24.2 with

Attached mounting portions 90 in recesses 92 on the end face 29 of the housing 12 and held by the cover 28.

The brush holder 24.2 also each have two end faces 30, 32. They each include a preferably U-shaped bracket 94 with side walls 94.1 and a

Reason 94.2, in which a brush 22 is movably received on her brush holder 38. Furthermore, the brush holders 24.2 each have a carrier 96, which has the shape of a circular arc segment. He carries the bracket 94 and has fastening portions in the form of two circular-segment-shaped walls 98, 100, with which the brush holder 24.2 is fixed to the electric machine 10. The walls 98, 100 are formed on the two end faces 30, 32 of the carrier 96 such that the carrier 96 or the brush holder 24.2 can be fixed to the electric machine 10 both with the one end face 30 and the other end face 32. - -

The walls 98, 100, which run parallel to one another, with the wall 98 inside and the wall 100 on the outside, bound each of the two end faces 30, 32 respectively an axially extending groove 102, 104. The two grooves 102, 104 are aligned with each other and are at least partially separated by a bottom 106 connecting the two walls 98, 100 together. At the edge of the carrier 96, the grooves 102, 104 are continuous and not separated by the bottom 106. The fact that the grooves 102, 104 are arranged on the outer circumference of the brush holder 24.2, they extend at least partially continuously from one end face 30 to the other end face 32. The radii of the two circular segment-shaped walls 98, 100 correspond to the radius of the inner surface of the housing wall and with the Radius of the outer surface of the

Housing wall of the electric machine to be mounted 10. On the walls 98, 100 axially extending recesses 108 are provided, the spring tongues 110 form. Also, on the walls 98, 100 facing webs 112 are formed, which form constrictions.

As best seen in Figure 17, through the bottom 106 of the walls 98, 100 there is a plane of symmetry 114 which is functional with respect to the attachment and position of the brushes 22. The plane of symmetry 114 preferably extends along the direction of movement of the brush 22 in the support 94. The floor 106 forms aligned with its frontal surfaces in the axial direction of the brush holder 24.2

Stops, each of which has the same distance from the plane of symmetry 114 from each end face 30, 32.

The holder 94 is disposed within the circular arc formed by the carrier 96. The beginning or approach of the holder 94 is formed off-center on the carrier 96 and inclined to the radial of this arc. As a result, the brush 22 is inclined on the commutator 20 in the direction of its rotation, resulting in a quieter running. The holder 94 is supported by a strut 116 of the carrier 96, which begins off-center on the carrier 96 and is connected to the end of the holder 94.

As is apparent in particular from FIG. 17, spring tongues 122 for damping the brush holder 38 are arranged on two opposite sides 118, 120 of the holder 94, preferably in free cutting edges 121. The spring tongues 122 have a smaller distance from each other as the sides 118, 120. At their ends they have mutually facing lugs 123, so that they only with these lugs 123 with the Brushes 22 and brush bags 38.1, 28.2 come into contact. On one side 118 two spring tongues 122 are arranged. On the opposite side 120, a spring tongue 122, which is preferably arranged centrally to the two spring tongues 122 of the side 118. This results in a mechanically determined three-point support. Since the spring tongues 122 rest under prestress, they vaporize the surfaces of the

Brush holder 38.1, 38.2, on which they rest. These surfaces are excited by the brush 22.1, 22.2 which moves tangentially in the brush holder 38.1, 38.2 to the direction of rotation of the commutator, in that it rhythmically strikes against this wall. This (the brush quiver wall) in turn is excited by the rotating commutator 20 to vibrate, especially by uneven friction conditions between the

Brush and the commutator 20. The spring tongues 122 act as a shock absorber, which can decay the vibration faster than if the surface would swing out freely under the influence of the self-damping.

In Figures 20 to 21, another, i. additional or alternative development of the brush holder according to the invention 24.2 illustrates.

The holder 94 can be equipped with first brush boxes 38.3 (FIGS. 20, 22, 23) and with second brush boxes 38.2 (FIGS. 21, 24, 25 and 13, 14). In brush holder 38.3, according to FIGS. 20 to 23, a first brush 22.1 is arranged.

The brush 22.1, for example, has a cross-sectional area of 8x8mm. The brush quiver 38.3 is made of a sheet metal, eg. Copper sheet, of about 0.5mm thickness. This results in an extension in the axial direction of 9mm.

In FIGS. 21, 24 and 25, a second brush 22. 2 is shown, which in a second

Brush quiver 38.2 is arranged. The brush 22.2 has, for example, a cross-sectional area of 8x10mm. The brush quiver 38.2 is also made of a metal sheet, eg. Copper sheet, of about 0.5mm thickness. This results in an extension in the axial direction of 1 lmm.

In order that the center planes of the two brush cases 38.2 and 38.3 corresponding in this case to the plane of symmetry 70 coincide, the first brush holder 38.3 has several extensions 124 which rest on the base of the holder 94. The height of the extensions 38.3 is: (second extension - first extension) / 2. - o -

In the manufacture of the brush holder 38.3 as stamped and bent parts, the extensions 124 are simply punched out and bent over.

The holder 94 is suitably dimensioned so that the center planes of the brushes 22.1 and 22.2 in the brush bags 38.2 and 38.3 each center between the two

End faces 30, 32 are. This results in no tendency to tilt.

Alternatively, the holder 94 of the brush holder 24.2 as well as the holder 34 of the brush holder 24.1 be executed with ribs 78 and equipped with brush bags 38.1. It could be repeated here the description part of Figures 9 to 14, but it is referred only to this.

The brush holder 24.2 may also have hook pairs 86 according to the brush holder 24.1 of the first embodiment for fixing the brush strands 84. Also, pockets 88 may be provided for receiving suppression elements.

Fixed to the electric machine 10 means in this context, not only a simple storage, which allows twisting or pivoting of the whole mounted on the electric machine 10 brush holder 24.1, 24.2. Fixed means that the carrier 42, 96 is not pivoted or twisted after assembly in normal operation and is not moved axially. The fixation against rotation or pivoting of the carrier 42, 96 and / or the brush holder 24.1, 24.2 takes place in a form-fitting manner. The fixation against axial displacement can initially be done partially via a frictional connection; after complete assembly in addition via a positive connection by the cover 28. The carrier 42, 96 itself does not move after installation. Fixed thus means that the carrier 42, 96 is clamped so that it is fixed in space. Relative movements of the holder 34 are due to the spring elements 76, as described possible.

The planes of symmetry 70, 114 are relative to the housing 12 over the entire

Kit, which may consist of housings 12 different lengths, always at the same distance.

The reversibility of the brush holder 24.1, 24.2 about a "turning axis" 74 and the functionally symmetrical structure with respect to the fastening portions 54, 56, 62, 64, 98, 100, 102, 104, 106 is essential because the functionally common from the intersection of all types of carbon brushes (eg 8x8mm and 8xlθmm) is the center of all carbon brushes 22.1, 22.2. This center coincides and lies in the plane of symmetry 70, 114. It must also simultaneously the center of the fastening portions 54, 56, 62, 64; 98, 100, 102, 104, 106 on the housing 12. During the production of the brush holder 24.1, 24.2 always a single type is used, which can be equipped with specific brushes (8x8mm or 8x10mm). Thus, only one part number for a stocked brush holder 24.1, 24.2 for 8x8mm coal cross section is produced (eg 0 abc def xxl) and a second part number for a stocked brush holder 24.1, 24.2 for a 8xl0mm coal cross section (eg 0 abc def xx2). These brush holders 24.1, 24.2 are suitable for both directions of rotation of the motor and cover the entire modular system. So they are not specific to one direction of rotation. With two part numbers (eg 0 abc def xxl and 0 abc def xx2), the entire kit is covered with all the requirements mentioned above.

When assembling motors, which are completed with these brush holders 24.1, 24.2, these receive depending on the direction and power class one of the two above-mentioned brush holder 24.1, 24.2, consisting of a universal brush holder 24.1, 24.2 (regardless of direction of rotation) always on the same side with two bristle brushes 38.1, 38.2, 38.3 can be fitted twice, two brushes 22.1, 22.2 and two springs 40. All components are designed for only one direction of rotation, as if there were only motors with one direction of rotation. The direction of rotation of the motor is determined by the correct positioning (ie by turning) of the brush holder assembly on the housing 12.

The following tools are required for the illustration of a construction kit: 1

Tool brush plate suitable for both directions of rotation, 1 tool for coal quiver 8x8mm turning right, 1 tool for coal quiver 8x10mm turning right, 1 tool carbon brush for turning right 8x8mm, 1 tool brush for turning right 8x10mm and 1 device spring manufacturing, resulting in a total of 6 tools.

Claims

claims

1. brush holder (24.1, 24.2) for an electrical machine (10) having two end faces (30, 32), with at least one holder (34, 94) in which at least one brush (22.1, 22.2) is movably received, and a support (42, 96) carrying the at least one support (34, 94) and having the attachment portions (54, 56, 62, 64; 98, 100, 102, 104, 106) with which the brush holder (14) 24.1, 24.2) is fixed to the electric machine (10), characterized in that fastening sections (54, 56, 62, 64, 98, 100, 102, 104, 106) are thus provided on both end faces (30, 32) of the carrier ( 42, 96) are formed, that the brush holders (24.1, 24.2) with both the one end face (30) and with the other end face (32) on the electric machine (10) is fϊxierbar.

2. brush holder (24.1, 24.2) according to claim 1, characterized in that between the fastening portions (54, 56, 62, 64, 98, 100, 102, 104, 106) of the two end faces (30, 32) has a plane of symmetry (70 , 114).

3. brush holder (24.1, 24.2) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the plane of symmetry (70, 114) along the direction of movement of a brush (22.1, 22.2) in the at least one holder (34, 94).

4. brush holder (24.1, 24.2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fastening portions (54, 56, 62, 64, 98, 100, 102, 104, 106) in the axial direction of the brush holder (24.1, 24.2) aligned stops (66, 106) having from each end face (30, 32) the same distance from the plane of symmetry (70, 114).

5. brush holder (24.1, 24.2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the holder (34, 94) in edge regions ribs (78) which are arranged parallel to the direction of movement of the brush (22.1, 22.2), such that brushes (22.1, 22.2), which have different extents perpendicular to the direction of movement with a plane of symmetry parallel to the direction of movement extends, symmetrically and / or centrally between the mounting portions (54, 56, 62, 64, 98, 100, 102, 104, 106) of the two end faces (30, 32) are arranged.

6. brush holder (24.1, 24.2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the holder (34, 94) has a U-shaped receptacle for a

Brush quiver (38.1, 38.2, 38.3) is.

7. brush holder (24.1, 24.2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on at least two opposite sides (118, 120) of the holder (34, 94) spring tongues (122) for damping a brush holder (38.1, 38.2,

38.3) are arranged.

8. brush holder (24.1, 24.2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fastening portions (54, 56, 62, 64, 98, 100, 102, 104, 106) on the outer circumference of the brush holder (24.1, 24.2) are arranged and extend at least partially continuously from one end face (30) to the other end face (32).

9. brush holder (24.1, 24.2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the brush holder (24.1, 24.2) hook pairs (86) for fixing of

Brush strands (84) and / or has pockets (88) for receiving Entstörelementen.

1 O.Bürstenhalter (24.1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least the fastening portions (54, 56, 62, 64, 98, 100, 102,

104, 106) of the two end faces (30, 32) extend symmetrically to a line (74) which is perpendicular to an axis of a rotating contact element (20), which during operation of the electric machine (10) with the at least one brush (22.1 , 22.2), so that this line (74) preferably forms a turning axis, around which the brush holder (24.1) is turned and optionally with its two end faces (30,

32) to an electric machine (10) can be fastened.

11. Brush holder (24.1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the brush holder (24.1) has at least two holders (34). has, which are diametrically opposed and at least two, preferably ring-segment-shaped connecting struts (46) are interconnected.

12. Brush holder (24.1, 24.2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carrier (42) has the shape of a frame which has two mutually opposite frame struts (48) extending radially around the connecting struts (46), and which has two opposite bridges (50), which at least past the sides of the holders (34) remote from the brushes (22.1, 22.2).

13.Bürstenhalter (24.1, 24.2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carrier (42) via at least three, preferably four spring elements (76) with the brackets (34) and / or the connecting struts (46) is connected.

14.Bürstenhalter (24.1, 24.2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spring elements (76) with a first portion (76.1) on an end face (32) protrude axially from the carrier (42), in a first semicircular arc section ( 76.2), with a substantially straight central portion (76.3) between the support (42) and the brackets (34) and the connecting struts (46) protrude, in a second semicircular

Pass arc section (76.4) and with a second axially extending portion (76.5) on the brackets (34) and / or connecting struts (46) on the second end face (30) are attached.

15. Brush holder (24.1, 24.2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carrier (42) has at least three, preferably four fastening portions (54, 56, 62, 64) which in each case at the transition regions of the frame struts (48). and the bridges (50) are formed.

A brush holder (24.1, 24.2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fastening portions (54, 56, 62, 64) are radially outwardly directed extensions which have tapers (56) lying on a circular arc and preferably in recesses (58) in the housing (12) of the electric machine (10) can be plugged in and preferably have an axially extending cavity (60). 17.Bürstenhalter (24.1, 24.2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two holders (34) are provided, whose central axes are parallel and offset from each other, so that the brushes (22.1, 22.2) in operation of the electrical machine ( 10) inclined to the direction of rotation of the rotating contact element

(20).

Brush holder (24.1, 24.2) according to one of claims 12 to 17, characterized in that on the frame struts (48) on an end face (30) axially projecting posts (82) for the passage of brush strands (84) are formed.

19.Bürstenhalter (24.2) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the brush holder (24.2) has substantially the shape of a circle segment.

2O.Bsten holder (24.2) according to claim 19, characterized in that the carrier (96) has substantially the shape of a circular arc segment and the holder (94) is disposed within this circular arc segment.

21. Brush holder (24.1, 24.2) according to claim 20, characterized in that the beginning of the holder (94) is formed off-center on the carrier (96) and to

Radial of the arc is inclined.

22. Brush holder (24.1, 24.2) according to one of claims 19 to 21, characterized in that the fastening sections (98, 100, 102, 104, 106) are formed in that the carrier (96) has two circular-segment-shaped walls (98, 100 ) each having an axial groove (102, 104) delimiting at each of the two end faces (30, 32), wherein the two grooves (102, 104) are aligned with each other and at least partially separated by a bottom (106) the two walls (98, 100) connects to each other.

23. Brush holder (24.1, 24.2) according to claim 22, characterized in that the grooves (102, 104) at the edge of the carrier (96) are continuous and not separated by the bottom (106). 24.Bürstenhalter (24.1, 24.2) according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that the radii of the mutually facing surfaces of the two circular-segment-shaped walls (98, 100) with the wall of the housing (12) of an electric machine to be mounted (10). correspond.

25. Brush holder (24.1, 24.2) according to any one of claims 22 to 24, characterized in that on the walls (98, 100) recesses (108) are provided, the spring tongues (110) form, and / or that on the walls ( 98, 100) facing each other webs (112) are formed, forming the constrictions.

26. Brush holder (24.1, 24.2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the holder (34, 94) by a strut (116) of the support (42, 96) is supported, the eccentrically on the carrier (42, 96) begins and is connected to the end of the bracket (34, 94).

27.B brush holder (24.1, 24.2) with at least one brush (22.1, 22.2) and / or at least one with a brush (22.1, 22.2) provided brush holder (38.1, 38.2, 38.3) according to one of the preceding claims.

28. Brush holder (24.1, 24.2) according to claim 27, characterized in that the

Brush holder (24.1, 24.2) with at least one first brush holder (38.3) can be fitted, which perpendicular to the direction of movement of the brush (22.1, 22.2) has a first extent, or with at least a second brush holder (38.2) can be fitted, which is perpendicular to the direction of movement second extension, which is larger than the first extension, and that the first brush holder (38.3) at least one extension

(124) which rest on the bottom of the holder (34, 94) and whose height is equal

(second extension - first extension) / 2, so that the middle planes (70) of the brushes (22.1, 22.2) in the brush boxes (38.2, 38.3) are preferably in each case centrally between the fastening sections (54, 56, 62, 64, 98, 100, 102, 104, 106) of the two end faces (30, 32).

29.Bsten holder (24.1, 24.2) according to claim 27 or 28, characterized in that the brush holder (24.1, 24.2)) with at least one first brush holder (38.1) can be fitted, perpendicular to the direction of movement of the brush (22.1, 22.2) a first Extension, or can be equipped with at least one second brush holder (38.2), which has a second extension perpendicular to the direction of movement which is greater than the first extension, and in that the first brush holder (38.1) has at least lateral projections (80) which come into contact with the ribs (78) so that the center planes (70 ) of the brushes (22.1, 22.2) in the brush bags (38.1, 38.2) preferably centrally between the mounting portions (54, 56, 62, 64, 98, 100, 102, 104, 106) of the two

End faces (30, 32) lie.

3O.Elektrische machine (10), preferably commutator with at least one brush holder (24.1, 24.2) according to any one of the preceding claims.

31. Electrical machine (10) according to claim 30, characterized in that the at least one brush holder (24.1, 24.2) on an end face (29) of the electric machine (10) inserted and / or held by a cover (28) and / or with the fastening means (54, 56, 62, 64, 98, 100, 102, 104, 106) preferably in recesses (58) of the housing (12) on an end face (29) of the electrical machine

(10) is pluggable.