WO2006014044A1 - Apparatus and method for determining user code in quasi-synchronous cdma system, and apparatus and method for generating and spreading user code using the same - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for determining user code in quasi-synchronous cdma system, and apparatus and method for generating and spreading user code using the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006014044A1 WO2006014044A1 PCT/KR2004/003409 KR2004003409W WO2006014044A1 WO 2006014044 A1 WO2006014044 A1 WO 2006014044A1 KR 2004003409 W KR2004003409 W KR 2004003409W WO 2006014044 A1 WO2006014044 A1 WO 2006014044A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- code
- user
- access
- code group
- selecting
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
- H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
- H04B1/7073—Synchronisation aspects
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J13/00—Code division multiplex systems
- H04J13/16—Code allocation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
- H04L1/0002—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission rate
- H04L1/0003—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission rate by switching between different modulation schemes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J13/00—Code division multiplex systems
- H04J13/0007—Code type
- H04J13/004—Orthogonal
- H04J13/0048—Walsh
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J13/00—Code division multiplex systems
- H04J13/10—Code generation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J13/00—Code division multiplex systems
- H04J13/16—Code allocation
- H04J13/18—Allocation of orthogonal codes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an apparatus and the method for selecting a user code according to the number of access users in a quasi-synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system, and an apparatus and method for generating and spreading a user code using the same based on scrambling; and, more particularly, to a user code selecting apparatus and method according to the number of access users in a quasi-synchronous CDMA system to minimize an interference element among user codes in a range of a synchronous error by classifying user codes into two code groups in a base station of a quasi-synchronous CDMA system, selecting a specific code group according to the number of present access users, transmitting the specific code group to a terminal, generating a user code according to the selected code group in the terminal, and using a scrambling code pattern which minimizes a correlation characteristic among user codes, and a user code-generating and spreading apparatus and method using the same based on scrambling.
- CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
- a satellite communication channel Since a satellite communication channel has a large possibility that a line of sight exists in comparison with a terrestrial communication channel, and has a negligible multi-path interference element by a characteristic of a satellite channel structure, which has a little Inter-
- ISI Symbol-Interference
- synchronization among users in a CDMA system is generally controlled by a feedback control loop of a base station, it is not possible to perfectly maintain a synchronous error among users by the dynamic delay time according to movement of a user and the finite resolution of synchronization control.
- a Walsh- Hadamard (WH) code which was generally used as a conventional user orthogonal code, has an orthogonal characteristic in case that there is no synchronous error while a maximum value of a possible correlation value is very large in case that there are synchronization errors, the WH code is not suitable for a user code in case that a synchronous error exists among users.
- the PPGC considers only a case that additional scrambling is not preformed to a spread code.
- the correlation characteristic among codes is not changed in case that the synchronization among users is perfectly maintained although a scrambling is performed additionally, but the correlation characteristic among user codes can be changed by scrambling in case that the synchronization among users is not maintained.
- a correlation characteristic change by scrambling should be considered in a code design of the quasi-synchronous CDMA system, and a method for improving a correlation characteristic of a code among users by optimizing scrambling is essentially required.
- an object of the present invention to provide a user code selecting apparatus and method according to the number of access users in a quasi- synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system that can minimize an interference element among user codes in a range of a synchronous error by classifying user codes into two code groups in a base station of a quasi- synchronous CDMA system, selecting a specific code group according to the number of present access users, transmitting the specific code group to a terminal, generating a user code according to the selected code group in the terminal, and using a scrambling code pattern which minimizes a correlation characteristic among user codes, and a user code-generating and spreading apparatus and method using the same based on scrambling.
- CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
- an apparatus for selecting a user code according to the number of access users in a quasi- synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system including: an access user counting block for counting the number of present access users when a user access/termination request signal is transmitted from a terminal; a code group selecting/converting block for selecting a user to convert a code group among the present access users by checking a value of access user counting block when a user access request signal is transmitted from the terminal, selecting a corresponding user code group, and checking the number of the access users counting block and a code group of the termination request user when a user access termination request signal is received from the terminal; and a code group selection/conversion signal transmitting block for transmitting the code group selection/conversion signal to the terminal according to a control of the code group selecting/converting block.
- CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
- an apparatus for generating and spreading a user code based on scrambling in a quasi- synchronous CDMA system including: a code generating block for selectively outputting a user code included in a first code group or a second code group according to a code group selection/conversion signal from a base station; a first multiplying block for spreading a user code outputted from the code generating block by multiplying the user code to the user's data symbols; and a second multiplying block for multiplying a signal from the first multiplying block by the optimized scrambling pattern.
- a method for selecting a user code according to the number of access users in a quasi- synchronous CDMA system including the steps of: a) checking whether the number of present access users is less than a half of a total user code number after increasing the number of the present access user number by 1 whenever an access request is received; b) selecting a first code group for the newly accessing user when the number of the present access users is less than a half of a total user code number; c) selecting a second code group for the newly accessing user when the number of the present access users is larger than a half of total user code number; and d) selecting a code group conversion user by checking the number of the present access users, the code group of termination user and the code groups of other access users when a user access termination request is received.
- a method for generating and spreading a user code based on scrambling in a quasi- synchronous CDMA system including the step of: a) generating one user code among codes of the corresponding code group according to a code group selection/conversion signal from a base station; and b) spreading the generated user code by multiplying the user code to the user's data symbols thereby produce a spread code, and multiplying the spread code by the optimized scrambling code pattern.
- the present invention can minimize an interference element among user codes in a range of synchronous error by classifying user codes into two code groups in a base station of a quasi-synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system, selecting the specific code group according to the number of present access users whenever a new access request is received, acknowledging the selected code group to the accessing user terminal, generating a user code according to the selected code group in the terminal, and scrambling the spread signal by using a scrambling code pattern which minimizes a correlation characteristic among user codes.
- CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
- Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing a user code selecting apparatus according to the number of access users in a quasi-synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system, and a user code generating/spreading apparatus using the same based on scrambling in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
- CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
- Fig. 2 is a flowchart showing a method for selecting a user code according to the number of access users in a quasi-synchronous CDMA system, and a method for generating and spreading a user code using the same based on scrambling in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
- Fig. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a code group selecting process when a user access request signal is received in a method for selecting a user code based on scrambling in a quasi-synchronous CDMA system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a code group converting process when a user access termination request signal is received in a method for selecting a user code according to the number of access users in a quasi- synchronous CDMA system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
- Fig. 5 is a 3-dimensional (3D) graph showing correlation values of all possible code couples when using a scrambling code which can maintain a code correlation to be 0 for the number of users less than N/2 in case that the user code length N is 32 and the maximum synchronization error among user codes is 1 chip duration in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
- Fig. 6 is a graph showing maximum correlation values among codes according to the number of users for Preferably Phased Gold Code (PPGC), Walsh-Hadamard (WH) code, PPGC with optimized scrambling and WH code with optimized scrambling when the user code length N is 32 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- PPGC Phased Gold Code
- WH Walsh-Hadamard
- Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing a user code selecting apparatus according to the number of access users in a quasi-synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system, and a user code generating/spreading apparatus using the same based on scrambling in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
- an apparatus for selecting a user code according to the number of access users and an apparatus for generating/spreading a user code using the same based on scrambling are separately provided to a base station and a terminal.
- a user code selecting apparatus 100 according to the number of access users, which is provided to a base station, receives user access request signal and the number of present access users, selects a code group of a present access request user, receives a user termination request signal and the number of present access users, selects one user of the present access users according to the number of present access users and a code group of termination users, and converts the code group of the selected user.
- the user code selecting apparatus 100 includes an access user counter 110, a code group selecting/converting unit 120 and a code group selecting/converting signal transmitter 130.
- the access user counter 110 counts the number of present access users when a user access/termination request signal is received from the quasi-synchronous terminal.
- the code group selecting/converting unit 120 checks a value of the user access counter 100 when a user access request signal is transmitted from the terminal, selects a user code group of a present access request user, checks a value of the access user counter 110 a code group of the termination request user when a user access termination request signal is received from the terminal, and selects a user to convert a code group of the present access users.
- the code group selecting/converting signal transmitter 130 transmits a code group selecting/converting signal to the corresponding terminal according to a control of the code group selecting/converting unit 120.
- the user code generating/spreading apparatus 200 based on scrambling which is provided to a terminal, includes a code generator 210, a first multiplier 220 and a second multiplier 230.
- the code generator 210 selectively outputs a Walsh-Hadamard (WH) code included in a code group A or a code group B when a code group selection signal is transmitted from the user code selecting apparatus 100.
- the first multiplier 220 multiplies and spreads the WH code outputted from the code generator 210 to the data symbols from the user terminal.
- the second multiplier 230 outputs a signal which is spread by multiplying an optimized scrambling pattern to the signal from the first multiplier.
- the WH code used as a user code in the present invention is divided into two groups, e.g., an group A and a group B.
- the degree of the WH code i.e., a length of the user code
- the code group A includes codes corresponding to 1 st to N/2 th rows
- the code group B includes codes corresponding to l+N/2 th to N th rows in an N-order WH code matrix.
- Each code of the code group A or the code group B is assigned to all users one by one, and a code group is selectively used according to a command of a base station.
- the base station commands all users to use a code of the same group.
- a code of the code group A i.e., the codes corresponding to 1 st to N/2 th rows in the N- th order WH code matrix
- only a code of the code group B includes a code corresponding to l+N/2 th to N th rows in the N-order WH code matrix, is assigned.
- a scrambling code used in the present invention has a characteristic as shown in Fig. 5, and satisfies characteristics as follows.
- a cycle of a scrambling code is the same as a length of a WH code. 2.
- a scrambling code is multiplied to the user spread signal with the synchronized code phase with the user spread code.
- the scrambling code satisfies patterns of the following equations 1 or 2 when the number of access users is less than a half of a total user code number, i.e., less than N/2.
- N is a natural number
- an optimal pattern which minimizes a correlation value with the maximum synchronization error among users equal to one chip duration for all possible code couples is found and used.
- the optimal pattern can be found through a computation by a computer.
- the scrambling code pattern used in the present invention is optimized to minimize a correlation characteristic among user. From the characteristics, the present invention can generate a user code that correlation performance is improved in comparison with the conventional PPGC. An entire operation process of the present invention will be described hereinafter referring to Fig. 2.
- Fig. 2 is a flowchart showing a method for selecting a user code according to the number of access users in a quasi-synchronous CDMA system, and a method for generating and spreading a user code using the same based on scrambling in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- a base station i.e., the user code selecting apparatus 100
- the base station selects a code group according to the number of present access users and transmits the code group to a terminal at step S202.
- the terminal which is a user code generating/spreading apparatus, generates a user code of the determined code group, which is a WH code.
- the generated user code is spread by being multiplied by the data symbol at step S204, and an optimized scrambling code pattern is multiplied at step S205.
- the base station which is the user code selecting apparatus 100, receives a user access termination request signal (not shown in Fig. 2) , the base station terminates the user access, and a code group conversion process of a user using a present code group B is preformed when the terminated user code is a code group A. That is, it is checked whether there is a user who uses a code group B, and simultaneously has a code group A, which is the same as the code group A that a terminated user used, and the code of the user is converted into a code group A. Detailed process will be described hereinafter referring to Fig. 4.
- Fig. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a code group selecting process when a user access request signal is received in a method for selecting a user code based on scrambling in a quasi-synchronous CDMA system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- the number of present access users is increased by 1, and at step S302, it is checked whether the number of present access users is less than a half of a total user code number.
- a code group A is selected at step S303.
- a code group B is selected at step S304.
- Fig. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a code group converting process when a user access termination request is received in a method for selecting a user code according to the number of access users in a quasi-synchronous CDMA system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- the access is terminated at step S402 after the number of present access users by 1 is decreased.
- a code group is converted after the number of present access users, a code of a terminated user and a code of other access users are checked. That is, it is checked whether there is a user who uses a code group B, and simultaneously has a code group A, which is the same as a code group A that a terminated user used, and the code of the user is converted into the code group A.
- the present invention can minimize an interference element among user codes in a range of a synchronous error, and the WH code is more proper than the PPGC to the present invention.
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Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP04808540A EP1782548A4 (en) | 2004-08-04 | 2004-12-22 | Apparatus and method for determining user code in quasi-synchronous cdma system, and apparatus and method for generating and spreading user code using the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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KR10-2004-0061348 | 2004-08-04 | ||
KR1020040061348A KR100662506B1 (en) | 2004-08-04 | 2004-08-04 | Apparatus and its method for deciding user code according to number of connecting user and, apparatus and its method for generating user code using the same in quasi-synchronous cdma system |
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WO2006014044A1 true WO2006014044A1 (en) | 2006-02-09 |
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PCT/KR2004/003409 WO2006014044A1 (en) | 2004-08-04 | 2004-12-22 | Apparatus and method for determining user code in quasi-synchronous cdma system, and apparatus and method for generating and spreading user code using the same |
Country Status (3)
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EP (1) | EP1782548A4 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100662506B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006014044A1 (en) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0682427A1 (en) * | 1993-10-14 | 1995-11-15 | Ntt Mobile Communications Network Inc. | Correlation detector and communication apparatus |
US6091760A (en) * | 1998-06-29 | 2000-07-18 | L-3 Communications Corporation | Non-recursively generated orthogonal PN codes for variable rate CDMA |
EP1083694A1 (en) * | 1998-05-14 | 2001-03-14 | Masahichi Kishi | Code division multiple access (cdma) transmission system |
US6639902B2 (en) * | 1998-05-06 | 2003-10-28 | Sirius Communications N.V. | Method and system for code division multiple access communication with increased capacity through self-noise reduction |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE9703161L (en) * | 1997-09-02 | 1999-03-03 | Ericsson Telefon Ab L M | Procedure for telecommunications |
KR100279944B1 (en) * | 1997-12-09 | 2001-02-01 | 윤종용 | Method of walsh code allocation by group in cdma cellular system |
KR100383614B1 (en) * | 1998-10-19 | 2003-10-08 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Allocation Device and Method of Code Division Multiple Access Communication System |
US7133353B2 (en) * | 2001-01-08 | 2006-11-07 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | CDMA system using quasi-orthogonal codes |
US7012886B2 (en) | 2001-05-16 | 2006-03-14 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Walsh code allocation/de-allocation system |
-
2004
- 2004-08-04 KR KR1020040061348A patent/KR100662506B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-12-22 WO PCT/KR2004/003409 patent/WO2006014044A1/en active Application Filing
- 2004-12-22 EP EP04808540A patent/EP1782548A4/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0682427A1 (en) * | 1993-10-14 | 1995-11-15 | Ntt Mobile Communications Network Inc. | Correlation detector and communication apparatus |
US6639902B2 (en) * | 1998-05-06 | 2003-10-28 | Sirius Communications N.V. | Method and system for code division multiple access communication with increased capacity through self-noise reduction |
EP1083694A1 (en) * | 1998-05-14 | 2001-03-14 | Masahichi Kishi | Code division multiple access (cdma) transmission system |
US6091760A (en) * | 1998-06-29 | 2000-07-18 | L-3 Communications Corporation | Non-recursively generated orthogonal PN codes for variable rate CDMA |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See also references of EP1782548A4 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR100662506B1 (en) | 2006-12-28 |
EP1782548A1 (en) | 2007-05-09 |
KR20060012725A (en) | 2006-02-09 |
EP1782548A4 (en) | 2012-08-29 |
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