WO2006011157A2 - Methods for the preparation of aryl piperazinyl-heterocyclic compounds - Google Patents
Methods for the preparation of aryl piperazinyl-heterocyclic compounds Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006011157A2 WO2006011157A2 PCT/IN2005/000205 IN2005000205W WO2006011157A2 WO 2006011157 A2 WO2006011157 A2 WO 2006011157A2 IN 2005000205 W IN2005000205 W IN 2005000205W WO 2006011157 A2 WO2006011157 A2 WO 2006011157A2
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- process according
- formula
- chloro
- fluoro
- optionally substituted
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
- C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D417/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel method for the preparation of arylpiperazinyl- ethyl (or butyl)-heterocyclic compounds of formula (I) by reacting N-arylpiperazine compound of formula (II) with a alkyl halide compound of the formula (III) without any solvent or optionally with minimum amount of non aqueous suspending liquid.
- the present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of Ziprasidone, chemically known as 5-(2-(4-(l,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl)-l-piperazinyl)ethyl)-6-chloro- l,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, which is an antipsychotic agent used for the treatment of schizophrenia.
- arylpiperazinyl-ethyl (or butyl)-heterocyclic compounds of formula (I) may be prepared by reacting piperazines of the formula (II) with compounds of the formula (III) in a polar organic solvent; in the presence of a tertiary amine base or alkali metal base, and in the further presence of catalytic amount of sodium iodide. The final product is purified by chromatography.
- Ziprasidone covered in '031 is synthesized by the coupling reaction of 3- piperazinylbenzo[d]isothiazole and 6-chloro-5-(2-chloroethyl)indolin-2-one.
- US. 5,206,366 discloses a process for making (I), in particular Ziprasidone, by reacting equimolar amounts of (II) and (III) in water and in the presence of a neutralizing agent such as Na 2 CO 3 , at refluxing temperature for about 9 to 12 hours.
- a neutralizing agent such as Na 2 CO 3
- US. 5,338,846 disdloses a process for the preparation of hydrochloride salt of (I), in particular Ziprasidone, by refluxing an equimolar mixture of hydrochloride salt of (II) with (III) in water and in presence of a neutralizing agent Na 2 CO 3 for about 8 to 16 hours.
- the process of present invention thus dispenses with the need for using large amounts of solvents for the coupling process as in the prior-art methods.
- Ar is naphthyl optionally substituted with one to four substituents independently selected from fluoro, chloro, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, cyano and nitro; quinolyl; isoquinolyl; quinazolyl; 6-hydroxy-8-quinolyl; benzoisothiazolyl or an oxide or dioxide thereof, each optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from fluoro, chloro, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, cyano, and nitro; benzothiazolyl; benzothiadiazolyl; benzotriazolyl; benzoxazolyl; benzoxozolonyl; indolyl; indanyl optionally substituted by one or two fluoro; 3-indazolyl optionally substituted by 1-trifluoromethylphenyl; or phthalazinyl; n is 1 or 2; and
- X and Y together with the phenyl to which they are attached, form a ring system selected from quinolyl; 2-hydroxyquinolyl; benzothiazolyl; 2-aminobenzothiazolyl; benzoisothiazolyl; indazolyl; 3-hydroxyindazolyl; indolyl; spiro[cyclopentane-l,3'- indolinyl]; and oxindolyl; wherein said ring system may optionally be substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from (C1-C3) alkyl, or with one substituent selected from chloro, fluoro; benzoxazolyl,; 2-aminobenzoxazolyl; benzoxozolonyl; 2-aminobenzoxazolinyl; benzothiazolonyl; benzoimidazolonyl; or benzotriazolyl; and phenyl optionally substituted with one chloror or fluoro; said process comprises reacting a
- n, X and Y are as defined above and Hal is fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo, by heating in solvent free conditions or optionally as a suspension in minimum quantity of non-aqueous suspending liquid, in presence of a catalyst and a neutralizing agent.
- a neutralizing base such as alkali metal carbonate, for instance potassium carbonate and catalytic amount of alkali metal halide such as, potassium iodide without any solvent or optionally as a suspension in a minimum quantity of a non-aqueous suspending liquid, for example, sulfolane or diphenyl oxide or paraffin.
- Preferred compound manufactured using the process of the present invention is 5-(2-(4- (l,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl)-l-piperazinyl)ethyl)-6-chloro-l,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one.
- the process has the following advantages over prior-art processes, (1) Does not require tedious purification procedures such as chromatographic separation.
- Example 5 Purification of 5-(2-(4-(l,2-benzisothiazol-3-vD-l-piperazinyl)ethyl)-6-chloro-l,3- dihvdro-2H-indol-2-one (Ziprasidone) hi glass-lined reactor placed 16 kg of crude 5-(2-(4-(l,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl)-l- piperazinyl)ethyl)-6-chloro-l,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, dissolved in 1120 lit of THF at 65-66 0 C. The clear solution was treated with 2.4 kg of activated carbon at 64-66 °C for 15 min and filtered while hot.
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
A novel method for preparing a compound of formula (I), which comprises of coupling the piperazine derivative of formula (II), with alkyl halide containing compound of the formula (III), by heating in solvent free conditions or, optionally, in a minimum quantity of non-aqueous suspending liquid, in presence of a catalyst and a neutralizing agent to neutralize the hydrohalic acid.
Description
A NOVEL METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF ARYL PIPERAZINYL-
HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
FIELD OF INVENTION
The present invention relates to a novel method for the preparation of arylpiperazinyl- ethyl (or butyl)-heterocyclic compounds of formula (I) by reacting N-arylpiperazine compound of formula (II) with a alkyl halide compound of the formula (III) without any solvent or optionally with minimum amount of non aqueous suspending liquid. In particular, the present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of Ziprasidone, chemically known as 5-(2-(4-(l,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl)-l-piperazinyl)ethyl)-6-chloro- l,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, which is an antipsychotic agent used for the treatment of schizophrenia.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
US 4,831,031 discloses that arylpiperazinyl-ethyl (or butyl)-heterocyclic compounds of formula (I) may be prepared by reacting piperazines of the formula (II) with compounds of the formula (III) in a polar organic solvent; in the presence of a tertiary amine base or alkali metal base, and in the further presence of catalytic amount of sodium iodide. The final product is purified by chromatography.
Ziprasidone covered in '031 is synthesized by the coupling reaction of 3- piperazinylbenzo[d]isothiazole and 6-chloro-5-(2-chloroethyl)indolin-2-one.
The abovementioned method suffers from the following disadvantages,
1) Longer reaction time of 24 to 72 hours,
2) Formation of considerable quantities of by products, 3) Environmental burden of handling and disposal of aqueous and non aqueous effluents,
4) Special purification techniques like chromatography and,
5) Variable yields ranging from 14 to 84 %.
US. 5,206,366 discloses a process for making (I), in particular Ziprasidone, by reacting equimolar amounts of (II) and (III) in water and in the presence of a neutralizing agent such as Na2CO3, at refluxing temperature for about 9 to 12 hours.
Further US. 5,338,846 disdloses a process for the preparation of hydrochloride salt of (I), in particular Ziprasidone, by refluxing an equimolar mixture of hydrochloride salt of (II) with (III) in water and in presence of a neutralizing agent Na2CO3 for about 8 to 16 hours.
The methods disclosed in '366 and '846 uses large excess of neutralizing agent and water resulting in voluminous reaction mixture and chances of residual carbonate impurities in the final product.
Surprisingly, we have found that the above coupling reaction to manufacture (I) could be achieved by mixing (II) and (III) and heating to an appropriate temperature without the use of any solvent or optionally as a suspension in a minimum quantity of a non¬ aqueous suspending liquid in the presence of a neutralizing agent and catalytic amount of alkali metal halide. The reaction occurs in the fused state by the melting of one of the reactants and the resulting suspension will facilitate proper mixing and better heat transfer.
The process of present invention thus dispenses with the need for using large amounts of solvents for the coupling process as in the prior-art methods.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Thus according to the main aspect of the present invention there is provided a novel method for the preparation of compounds of formula I
wherein Ar is naphthyl optionally substituted with one to four substituents independently selected from fluoro, chloro, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, cyano and nitro; quinolyl; isoquinolyl; quinazolyl; 6-hydroxy-8-quinolyl; benzoisothiazolyl or an oxide or dioxide thereof, each optionally substituted with one or more substituents
independently selected from fluoro, chloro, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, cyano, and nitro; benzothiazolyl; benzothiadiazolyl; benzotriazolyl; benzoxazolyl; benzoxozolonyl; indolyl; indanyl optionally substituted by one or two fluoro; 3-indazolyl optionally substituted by 1-trifluoromethylphenyl; or phthalazinyl; n is 1 or 2; and
X and Y together with the phenyl to which they are attached, form a ring system selected from quinolyl; 2-hydroxyquinolyl; benzothiazolyl; 2-aminobenzothiazolyl; benzoisothiazolyl; indazolyl; 3-hydroxyindazolyl; indolyl; spiro[cyclopentane-l,3'- indolinyl]; and oxindolyl; wherein said ring system may optionally be substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from (C1-C3) alkyl, or with one substituent selected from chloro, fluoro; benzoxazolyl,; 2-aminobenzoxazolyl; benzoxozolonyl; 2-aminobenzoxazolinyl; benzothiazolonyl; benzoimidazolonyl; or benzotriazolyl; and phenyl optionally substituted with one chloror or fluoro; said process comprises reacting a monosubstituted piperazine of the formula II
N NH (II)
wherein Ar is as defined above, with an alkyl halide containing compound of the formula III
wherein n, X and Y are as defined above and Hal is fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo, by heating in solvent free conditions or optionally as a suspension in minimum quantity of non-aqueous suspending liquid, in presence of a catalyst and a neutralizing agent.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the process of the present invention the coupling is effected by heating the mixture of
(II) and (III) at a temperature in the range of 500C to 150 0C, preferably between 70°C to 120 0C and more preferably between 90°C to 100 0C in the presence of a neutralizing base, such as alkali metal carbonate, for instance potassium carbonate and catalytic amount of alkali metal halide such as, potassium iodide without any solvent or optionally as a suspension in a minimum quantity of a non-aqueous suspending liquid, for example, sulfolane or diphenyl oxide or paraffin. The reaction occurs in the fused state by the melting of one of the reactant and the suspension will facilitate proper mixing and better heat transfer.
Preferred compound manufactured using the process of the present invention is 5-(2-(4- (l,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl)-l-piperazinyl)ethyl)-6-chloro-l,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one.
The process has the following advantages over prior-art processes, (1) Does not require tedious purification procedures such as chromatographic separation.
(2) As no solvent or optionally a minimum of suspending liquid is used, the problems associated with handling and disposal of aqueous and non-aqueous effluents and also those of residual solvent in the finished product are dispensed with.
(3) Smaller reaction volume facilitates scaling up of the reaction.
The invention is further illustrated by the following non-limiting examples.
Example 1
Preparation of 5-(2-(4-d ,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl)- 1 -piperazinyl)ethyD-6-chloro-l ,3- dihvdro-2H-indol-2-one (Ziprasidone)
In a 50 ml 3 necked round bottom flask there were placed 1 gram (4.56 mmol) of 3- piperazinylbenzo[d]isothiazole; 1.25 grams (5.43 mmol) of 6-chloro-5-(2- chloroethyl)indolin-2-one; 50 mg of potassium iodide; 0.82 gram (5.94 mmol) of potassium carbonate and 3 ml of sulfolane. The contents of the flask were heated to 95° C to 100° C. The reaction was monitored by HPLC. After completion of the reaction, 50
ml of DM water was added to the reaction mixture and stirred. The product was filtered off and washed with water and dried to obtain 1.41 grams (75%) of 5-(2-(4-(l,2- benzisothiazol-3-yl)-l-piperazinyl)ethyl)-6-chloro-l,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one. The crude product was purified by IPA and/ or THF. The product matched the spectra of a standard NMR and showed the correct retention time by HPLC with 98.0% assay. The melting point of the compound was found to be 2180C -220° C, and was found to conform with the melting point of 218 ° -220° C as disclosed in US. 5,206,366.
Example 2 Preparation of 5-(2-(4-Cl ,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl)- 1 -piperazinvDethylVό-chloro- 1,3- dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (Ziprasidone)
In a 50 ml 3 necked round bottom flask there were placed 1 gram (4.56 mmol) of 3- piperazinylbenzo[d]isothiazole; 2.5 grams (10.86 mmol) of 6-chloro-5-(2- chloroethyl)indolin-2-one; 50 mg of potassium iodide; 1.64 grams (11.88 mmol) of potassium carbonate. The contents of the flask were heated to 90 0C. The reaction was monitored by HPLC. After completion of the reaction, 50 ml of DM water was added to the reaction mixture and stirred. The product was filtered off and washed with water and dried to obtain 1.41 grams (75%) of 5-(2-(4-(l,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl)-l- piperazinyl)ethyl)-6-chloro-l,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one. The crude product was purified by IPA and/ or THF. The product matched the spectra of a standard NMR and showed the correct retention time by HPLC with 98.0% assay. The melting point of the compound was found to be 218° C-220 0C, and was found to conform with the melting point of 218° C -220 ° C as disclosed in US. 5,206,366.
Example 3
Preparation of S-^-K-d^-benzisothiazol-S-yD-l-piperazinvDethvD-ό-chloro-U- dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (Ziprasidone)
In glass-lined reactor placed 21.1 Kg (96.34 mole) of 3-piperazinylbenzo [d] isothiazole; 31 kg (134.7 moles) of 6-chloro-5-(2-chloroethyl)indolin-2-one; 1.1 kg of potassium iodide; 20.0 kg (111.92 mole) of potassium carbonate and 63.2 lit of sulfolane. The contents of the flask were initially heated to 75°C to 80 0C for 2 hrs. Then temperature was raised to 950C to 100° C and stirred till completion of the
reaction. After completion of the reaction 210 lit of DM water was added to the reaction mixture and stirred. The product was filtered off and washed with water and dried to obtain 29.75 kg of 5-(2-(4-(l,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl)-l-ρiperazinyl)ethyl)-6-chloro-l,3- dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (Ziprasidone).
Example 4
Purification of 5-(2-(4-d,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl)-l-piperazinvDethvD-6-chloro-l,3- dihvdro-2H-indol-2-one (Ziprasidone)
Crude Ziprasidone was suspended in 10 % IPA in water and stirred for 30 min, solid obtained was filtered and washes with water and acetone and then solid was dried under vacuum to obtained 5-(2-(4-(l,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl)-l-piperazinyl)ethyl)-6-chlord-l,3- dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (Ziprasidone)
Example 5 Purification of 5-(2-(4-(l,2-benzisothiazol-3-vD-l-piperazinyl)ethyl)-6-chloro-l,3- dihvdro-2H-indol-2-one (Ziprasidone) hi glass-lined reactor placed 16 kg of crude 5-(2-(4-(l,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl)-l- piperazinyl)ethyl)-6-chloro-l,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, dissolved in 1120 lit of THF at 65-66 0C. The clear solution was treated with 2.4 kg of activated carbon at 64-66 °C for 15 min and filtered while hot. The filtrate was concentrated up to 10 volume and mixed with equal amount of methanol. The solid thus obtained was filtered to get 5-(2-(4-(l,2- benzisothiazol-3-yl)-l-piperazinyl)ethyl)-6-chloro-l,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (Ziprasidone)
Claims
1. A process for preparing the compound of the formula (I):
wherein
Ar is naphthyl optionally substituted with one to four substituents independently selected from fluoro, chloro, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, cyano and nitro; quinolyl; isoquinolyl; quinazolyl; 6-hydroxy-8-quinolyl; benzoisothiazolyl or an oxide or dioxide thereof, each optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from fluoro, chloro, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, cyano, and nitro; benzothiazolyl; benzothiadiazolyl; benzotriazolyl; benzoxazolyl; benzoxozolonyl; indolyl; indanyl optionally substituted by one or two fluoro; 3- indazolyl optionally substituted by 1-trifluoromethylphenyl; or phthalazinyl; n is 1 or 2; and X and Y together with the phenyl to which they are attached, form a ring system selected from quinolyl; 2-hydroxyquinolyl; benzothiazolyl; 2-aminobenzothiazolyl; benzoisothiazolyl; indazolyl; 3-hydroxyindazolyl; indolyl; spiro[cyclopentane-l,3'- indolinyl]; and oxindolyl; wherein said ring system may optionally be substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from (C1-C3) alkyl, or with one substituent selected from chloro, fluoro; benzoxazolyl,; 2-aminobenzoxazolyl; benzoxozolonyl; 2-aminobenzoxazolinyl; benzothiazolonyl; benzoimidazolonyl; or benzotriazolyl; and phenyl optionally substituted with one chloror or fluoro; said process comprises reacting a monosubstituted piperazine of the formula II
Ai — - NN N NHH CD) wherein Ar is as defined above, with an alkyl halide containing compound of the formula III
wherein n, X and Y are as defined above and Hal is fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo, by heating in solvent free conditions or optionally as suspension in minimum quantity of non-aqueous suspending liquid, in presence of a catalyst and a neutralizing agent.
2. A process according to claim 1 wherein the compound of the formula I is 5-(2-
(4-(l ,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl)- 1 -piperazinyl)ethyl)-6-chloro- 1 ,3-dihydro-2H- indol-2-one.
3. A process according to claim 1 wherein said compounds of formula II and formula III are reacted under solvent free conditions.
4. A process according to claim 1 wherein the compounds of formula II and formula III are reacted in a suspending liquid.
5. A process according to claim 1 or 4 wherein said suspending liquid is selected from sulfolane, diphenyl oxide, paraffin.
6. A process according to claim 1 wherein the temperature is between 50 to 150 0C, preferably between 7O0C to 120 0C.
7. A process according to claim 1 or 6 wherein the temperature is preferably between 90° to 100 0C.
8. A process according to claim 1 wherein from about one to five molar equivalents of a neutralizing base based on the substrate is used.
9. A process according to claim 1 or 8 wherein the neutralizing base is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal carbonates such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate.
10. A process according to claim 1 wherein the catalyst is an alkali metal iodide such as potassium iodide or sodium iodide.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11/630,054 US7728136B2 (en) | 2004-06-18 | 2005-06-16 | Method for the preparation of aryl piperazinyl-heterocyclic compounds |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IN662/MUM/2004 | 2004-06-18 | ||
| IN662MU2004 | 2004-06-18 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2006011157A2 true WO2006011157A2 (en) | 2006-02-02 |
| WO2006011157A3 WO2006011157A3 (en) | 2006-04-27 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IN2005/000205 WO2006011157A2 (en) | 2004-06-18 | 2005-06-16 | Methods for the preparation of aryl piperazinyl-heterocyclic compounds |
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| Country | Link |
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| US (1) | US7728136B2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2006011157A2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2010010566A1 (en) * | 2008-07-25 | 2010-01-28 | Lupin Limited | Improved process for the manufacture of ziprasidone |
| US7794932B2 (en) | 2004-04-16 | 2010-09-14 | Piotr Chomczynski | Reagents and methods for isolation of purified RNA |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102958927A (en) | 2010-05-12 | 2013-03-06 | Abbvie公司 | Indazole inhibitors of kinase |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0281309A1 (en) * | 1987-03-02 | 1988-09-07 | Pfizer Inc. | Piperazinyl-heterocyclic compounds |
| US4831031A (en) * | 1988-01-22 | 1989-05-16 | Pfizer Inc. | Aryl piperazinyl-(C2 or C4) alkylene heterocyclic compounds having neuroleptic activity |
| EP0584903A1 (en) * | 1992-08-26 | 1994-03-02 | Pfizer Inc. | Process for preparing aryl piperazinyl-heterocyclic compounds |
| WO2005040160A2 (en) * | 2003-10-24 | 2005-05-06 | Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. | Processes for preparation of ziprasidone |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5338846A (en) * | 1992-08-26 | 1994-08-16 | Pfizer Inc. | Process for preparing aryl piperazinyl-heterocyclic compounds with a piperazine salt |
-
2005
- 2005-06-16 US US11/630,054 patent/US7728136B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-06-16 WO PCT/IN2005/000205 patent/WO2006011157A2/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0281309A1 (en) * | 1987-03-02 | 1988-09-07 | Pfizer Inc. | Piperazinyl-heterocyclic compounds |
| US4831031A (en) * | 1988-01-22 | 1989-05-16 | Pfizer Inc. | Aryl piperazinyl-(C2 or C4) alkylene heterocyclic compounds having neuroleptic activity |
| EP0584903A1 (en) * | 1992-08-26 | 1994-03-02 | Pfizer Inc. | Process for preparing aryl piperazinyl-heterocyclic compounds |
| WO2005040160A2 (en) * | 2003-10-24 | 2005-05-06 | Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. | Processes for preparation of ziprasidone |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| VALENTA V ET AL: "POTENTIAL NOOTROPIC AGENTS: SYNTHESIS OF A SERIES OF (2-OXO-1-PYRROLIDINYL)ACETIC ACID PIPERAZIDES" 1990, COLLECTION OF CZECHOSLOVAK CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS, INSTITUTE OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY & BIOCHEMISTRY, PRAGUE, CZ, PAGE(S) 1613-1629 , XP001069269 ISSN: 0010-0765 page 1617; page 1626, paragraphs 3-4 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7794932B2 (en) | 2004-04-16 | 2010-09-14 | Piotr Chomczynski | Reagents and methods for isolation of purified RNA |
| WO2010010566A1 (en) * | 2008-07-25 | 2010-01-28 | Lupin Limited | Improved process for the manufacture of ziprasidone |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US7728136B2 (en) | 2010-06-01 |
| WO2006011157A3 (en) | 2006-04-27 |
| US20070238877A1 (en) | 2007-10-11 |
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