WO2006007285A1 - Method and apparatus for video encoding optimization - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for video encoding optimization Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006007285A1 WO2006007285A1 PCT/US2005/019772 US2005019772W WO2006007285A1 WO 2006007285 A1 WO2006007285 A1 WO 2006007285A1 US 2005019772 W US2005019772 W US 2005019772W WO 2006007285 A1 WO2006007285 A1 WO 2006007285A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
- H04N19/136—Incoming video signal characteristics or properties
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/189—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the adaptation method, adaptation tool or adaptation type used for the adaptive coding
- H04N19/196—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the adaptation method, adaptation tool or adaptation type used for the adaptive coding being specially adapted for the computation of encoding parameters, e.g. by averaging previously computed encoding parameters
- H04N19/197—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the adaptation method, adaptation tool or adaptation type used for the adaptive coding being specially adapted for the computation of encoding parameters, e.g. by averaging previously computed encoding parameters including determination of the initial value of an encoding parameter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/60—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding
- H04N19/61—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding in combination with predictive coding
Definitions
- the present invention generally relates to video encoders and decoders and, more particularly, to a method and apparatus for video encoding optimization.
- Multi-pass video encoding methods have been used in many video coding architectures such as MPEG-2 and JVT/H.264/MPEG AVC in order to achieve better coding efficiency.
- the idea behind these methods is to try and encode the entire sequence using several iterations, while performing an analysis and collecting statistics that could be used in future iterations in an attempt to improve encoding performance.
- Two pass encoding schemes have already been used in several encoding systems, including the MICROSOFT® WINDOWS MEDIA® and REALVIDEO® encoders.
- the encoder first performs an initial encoding pass over the entire sequence using some initial predefined settings, and collects statistics with regards to the encoding efficiency of each picture within the sequence. After this process is completed, the entire sequence is reprocessed and coded one more time, while at the same time taking into account the previously generated statistics. This can considerably improve encoding efficiency, and even allow us to satisfy certain predefined encoding restrictions or requirements, such as for example satisfying a given bitrate constraint for the encoded stream.
- the encoder is now more aware of the characteristics of the entire video sequence or picture, and thus can more appropriately select the parameters, such as quantizers, deadzoning, and so forth, that will be used for encoding.
- Some statistics that can be collected during this first encoding pass and can be used for this purpose are the bits per picture, the spatial activity (i.e., the average normalized macroblock variance and mean), temporal activity (i.e., the motion vectors/motion vector variance), distortion (e.g., Mean Square Error (MSE)), and so forth.
- MSE Mean Square Error
- an encoder for encoding video signal data corresponding to a plurality of pictures.
- the encoder includes an overlapping window analysis unit for performing a video analysis of the video signal data using a plurality of overlapping analysis windows with respect to at least some of the plurality of pictures corresponding to the video signal data, and for adapting encoding parameters for the video signal data based on a result of the video analysis.
- a method for encoding video signal data corresponding to a plurality of pictures includes the steps of performing a video analysis of the video signal data using a plurality of overlapping analysis windows with respect to at least some of the plurality of pictures corresponding to the video signal data, and adapting encoding parameters for the video signal data based on a result of the video analysis.
- FIG. 1 shows a block diagram for an exemplary window based two-pass encoding architecture in accordance with the principles of the present invention
- FIG. 2 shows a plot for an impact of deadzoning during transformation and quantization in accordance with the principles of the present invention
- FIG. 3 shows a block diagram for an encoder in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 shows a flow diagram for an exemplary encoding process in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
- the present invention is directed to a method and apparatus for video encoding optimization.
- the present invention allows a video encoder to compress video sequences at considerably improved subjective and objective quality given a specific bitrate. This is achieved through a non-causal processing of the video sequence, by performing a simple analysis of the current picture compared to N subsequent pictures that have yet to be coded. The results of the analysis can then be utilized by the encoder to make better decisions about the encoding parameters (including, but not limited to, picture/slice types, quantizers, thresholding parameters, Lagrangian ⁇ , and so forth) that are to be used for the encoding of the current picture.
- the encoding parameters including, but not limited to, picture/slice types, quantizers, thresholding parameters, Lagrangian ⁇ , and so forth
- the present invention is relatively simple and, thus, has a relatively small impact on complexity.
- the principles of the present invention may also be used in conjunction with other multi-pass encoding strategies to achieve even higher efficiency.
- a causal system using the M previously coded pictures
- encoding parameters may include, but are not limited to, picture/slice type decision (I 1 P 1 B), frame/field decision, B picture distance, picture or MB Quantization values (QP), coefficient thresholding, lagrangian parameters, chroma offsetting, weighted prediction, reference picture selection, multiple block size decision, entropy parameter initialization, intra mode decision, deblocking filter parameters, and so forth.
- processor or “controller” should not be construed to refer exclusively to hardware capable of executing software, and may implicitly include, without limitation, digital signal processor (“DSP”) hardware, read-only memory (“ROM”) for storing software, random access memory (“RAM”), and non-volatile storage.
- DSP digital signal processor
- ROM read-only memory
- RAM random access memory
- any switches shown in the figures are conceptual only. Their function may be carried out through the operation of program logic, through dedicated logic, through the interaction of program control and dedicated logic, or even manually, the particular technique being selectable by the implementer as more specifically understood from the context.
- any element expressed as a means for performing a specified function is intended to encompass any way of performing that function including, for example, a) a combination of circuit elements that performs that function or b) software in any form, including, therefore, firmware, microcode or the like, combined with appropriate circuitry for executing that software to perform the function.
- the invention as defined by such claims resides in the fact that the functionalities provided by the various recited means are combined and brought together in the manner which the claims call for. Applicant thus regards any means that can provide those functionalities as equivalent to those shown herein.
- a new multi-pass encoding architecture which, unlike previous methods that consider either the entire video sequence or independent windows during each pass, performs each pass on overlapping windows which allows previously determined characteristics to be reused between adjacent windows.
- This architecture can still achieve the benefits of multi-pass encoding, such as significantly enhanced video quality, albeit at a lower cost/complexity and with smaller memory requirements/low latency since the optimal encoding can be achieved using far fewer steps.
- This feature is especially important in real time encoding applications, considering that due to similarities between adjacent windows, it is possible for the encoder to decide the best parameters even during the first pass, thus requiring no further iterations for the final encoding.
- a window based two-pass encoding architecture is indicated generally by the reference numeral 100.
- the processing/analysis window is of size W p pictures, while the overlap allowed between two adjacent groups is of size W 0 .
- Processing of the first window would provide some initial statistics that could be used to determine a preliminary set of coding characteristics for all frames within this window. More specifically, if a two-pass scheme is used, then all frames that do not also belong in the future window can be immediately coded based on the generated parameters. Nevertheless, this information can be immediately used for the processing/analysis of this future window. For example, these parameters can be used as initial seeds during the processing of this window and, considering the high temporal correlation that exists in most sequences, can improve the analysis.
- the encoding parameters used for the initial frames of this window can be further refined/conditioned based on the new generated statistics. This basically allows for a faster convergence to the optimal solution if a larger number of iterations/passes is used, e.g., after processing the entire sequence or M number of adjacent windows. It is obvious that the temporal window can be as large or as small as possible, depending on the capabilities or requirements of the encoder, while also iterations of this scheme could be performed using different window sizes (larger or smaller W 0 and W p ).
- Such criteria could depend on the complexity constraints of the encoder architecture and could consider from simple spatio-temporal methods (including, but not limited to, edge detection, texture analysis metrics, and absolute image difference) to more complex strategies (including, but not limited to, Discrete Cosine Transfer (DCT) analysis, first pass intra coding, motion estimation/compensation, and even full encoding). Latency can also be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the analysis and/or the overlapping windows.
- simple spatio-temporal methods including, but not limited to, edge detection, texture analysis metrics, and absolute image difference
- complex strategies including, but not limited to, Discrete Cosine Transfer (DCT) analysis, first pass intra coding, motion estimation/compensation, and even full encoding.
- Latency can also be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the analysis and/or the overlapping windows.
- AMM k Y MBme ⁇ nik, i, j)
- AMV 1 , Y MBv ⁇ ri ⁇ nce(k,i,j)
- MAPD k withdraw - Y ⁇ c[k,x, y] - c[m, x, y] ⁇ u " PMB n , x PMB 11 x B w x B n ⁇ « ⁇ 0,)f» 1 0 L ⁇ u '
- MSPE 1 . X (C[ ⁇ , ⁇ :, y]-c[m, x, y]f
- Other spatio-temporal characteristics that can be computed are absolute difference of histograms, histogram of absolute differences, ⁇ 2 metrics between k and M, edges of k using any (or even multiple) edge operators (including, but not limited to, canny, sobel, or prewitt edge operators), or even field based metrics for the detection of interlace characteristics of a sequence.
- edge operators including, but not limited to, canny, sobel, or prewitt edge operators
- field based metrics for the detection of interlace characteristics of a sequence are two other statistical information that could be useful and could be inferred from the above, are distances of the current picture from the closest past ⁇ lastjdistanc ⁇ k) and closest future (nextjdistance k ) coded intra pictures, as measured by, e.g., picture number, coding order, or picture order count (poc).
- the encoder may decide to modify certain picture, macroblock, or even sub-block parameters related to the encoding process.
- these include parameters such as quantization values (QP), coefficient deadzoning/thresholding, lagrangian value for macroblock encoding and also picture level decisions between frames and fields, deblocking filter parameters, coding and reference picture ordering, scene/shot (including, but not limited to, fade/dissove/wipe/flash, and so forth) detection, GOP structure, and so forth.
- the above parameters are considered as follows to perform picture QP adaptation when coding picture k of slice type cur_slice_typei ⁇ .
- d/sfance / ⁇ +i ]S considered as the distance between two adjacent pictures in terms of picture numbers:
- the parameter lastjdistance k is updated to be equal to the value of the last QP adjusted picture regardless of its picture type.
- macroblock/block variance, mean, and edge statistics may be used to determine local encoding parameters. For example, for the selection of a macroblock at position (ij) lagrangian lambda ⁇ the following rules can be considered:
- FIG. 2 an impact of deadzoning during transformation and quantization is indicated generally by the reference numeral 200.
- the interval around zero is called a dead zone.
- a deadzone quantizer is characterized by two parameters: the zero bin-width (2s-2f) and the outbin width (s), as shown in FIG. 2. The optimization of the deadzone through f is often used as an efficient method to achieve good rate-distortion performance.
- / andy correspond to the current column or row within the block transform coefficients.
- the array f can now depend on slice or macroblock type, and also on the texture characteristics (variance or edge information) of the current block. If a block, for example, contains edges, or has low variance characteristics, it is important not to introduce further artifacts due to the deadzoning process since these would be more visible. On the other hand, blocks with high spatial activity can mask more artifacts, and deadzoning could be increased without a significant impact in quality. Deadzoning could also be changed depending on whether the current block provides any useful information for blocks in a future picture (i.e., if any pixel within the current block is used or is not used for predicting other pixels).
- deadzoning matrices could be used if a 4x4 transform is used:
- temporal analysis could be performed while considering only previously coded pictures, and by assuming that future pictures have similar temporal characteristics. For example, if the current picture has high similarity (e.g., MAPDk,k-i is small), then it is assumed that also the similarity with the next picture to be coded (MAPD k , k +i) would also be small. Thus, adaptation of the encoding parameters could be based on already available information, while replacing all indices (k,k+1) with ⁇ k,k-1).
- a video encoder is indicated generally by the reference numeral 300.
- An input of the video encoder 300 is connected in signal communication with an input of a pre-analysis block 310.
- the pre-analysis block 310 includes a plurality of frame delays 312 connected in signal communication to each other such that each of the plurality of frame delays 312 is connected sequentially in serial and all in parallel, the latter via a parallel signal path.
- the parallel signal path is also connected in signal communication with an input of a temporal analyzer 315.
- An output of the last frame delay 312 connected in serial and farthest away from the input of the encoder 300 is connected in signal communication with an input of a spatial analyzer 320, with an inverting input of a first summing junction 325, with a first input of a motion compensator 375 and with a first input of a motion estimator/mode decision block 370.
- An output of the first summing junction 325 is connected in signal communication with an input of a transformer 330.
- An output of the transformer 330 is connected in signal communication with a first input of a quantizer 335.
- An output of the quantizer 335 is connected in signal communication with a first input of a variable length coder 340 and with an input of an inverse quantizer 345.
- An output of the variable length coder 340 is an externally available output of the video encoder 300.
- An output of the inverse quantizer 345 is connected in signal communication with an input of an inverse transformer 350.
- An output of the inverse transformer is connected in signal communication with a non-inverting first input of a second summing junction 355.
- An output of the second summing junction 355 is connected in signal communication with a first input of a loop filter 360.
- An output of the loop filter 360 is connected in signal communication with a first input of a picture reference store 365.
- An output of the picture reference store 365 is connected in signal communication with a second input of the motion estimator/mode decision block 370 and with a second input of the motion compensator 375.
- a first output of the motion estimator/mode decision block 370 is connected in signal communication with a second input of the variable length coder 340.
- a second output of the motion estimator/mode decision block 370 is connected in signal communication with a third input of the motion compensator 375.
- An output of the motion compensator 375 is connected in signal communication with a non-inverting input of the first summing junction 325, and with a non-inverting second input of the second summing junction 355.
- a first output of the spatial analyzer 320 is connected in signal communication with a second input of the quantizer 335.
- a second output of the spatial analyzer 320 is connected in signal communication with a second input of the loop filter 360, with a third input of the motion estimator/mode decision block 370, and with the non- inverting input of the first summing junction 325.
- a first output of the temporal analyzer 315 is connected in signal communication with the second input of the quantizer 335.
- a second output of the temporal analyzer 315 is connected in signal communication with a fourth input of the motion estimator/mode decision block 370.
- a third output of the temporal analyzer 315 is connected in signal communication with a third input of the loop filter 360 and with a second input of the picture reference store 365.
- a group of pictures is considered during a temporal analysis step, which decides several parameters, including slice type decision, GOP structure, weighting parameters (through the motion estimator/mode decision block 370), quantization values and deadzoning (through the quantizer 335), reference order and handling (picture reference store 365), picture coding ordering, frame/field picture level adaptive decision, and even deblocking parameters (loop filter 360).
- spatial analysis is performed on each coded frame, which can similarly impact quantization and deadzoning (quantizer 335), lagrangian parameters and slice type decision (Motion Estimation/Mode Decision block 370), inter/intra mode decision, frame/field picture level and macroblock level adaptive decision and deblocking (loop filter 360).
- an exemplary process for encoding video signal data is indicated generally by the reference numeral 400.
- the process can analyze or encode the same bitstream multiple times while collecting and updating the required statistics in each iteration. These statistics are used in each subsequent pass to improve the encoding performance by adapting the encoder parameters given the video characteristics or user requirements.
- k frames i.e., excluding non-stored pictures
- L number of passes also referred to herein as "repetitions” and "iterations”
- N 1 M window of size
- the frame that is to be encoded is indexed using the variable frm, while the current position within a window is indexed using the variable
- the process includes a begin block 405 that passes control to a function block 410.
- the function block 410 sets the sequence size to /c, sets the number of repetitions to L, sets a variable / to zero (0), and passes control to a function block 415.
- the function block 415 sets the window size to N, sets the overlap size to M, sets the variable frm to zero (0), and passes control to a function block 420.
- the function block 420 sets the variable Wjn de x to zero (0), and passes control to a function block 425.
- the function block 425 performs temporal analysis for each window to be processed while considering all N frames within the window, generates temporal statistics (tstatj ⁇ frm ..j rm+N .i), and optionally adapts or refines statistics from previous passes or encoding steps using the current statistics.
- the function block 425 then passes control to a function block 430.
- the function block 430 performs spatial analysis for the frame with index frm ⁇ w md ⁇ x within the current window) until the condition ww e x ⁇ N-M is no longer satisfied, and passes control to a function block 435.
- the function block 435 encodes these frames based on the results from the temporal and spatial analysis, generates/collects encoder statistics that can be used if multiple passes are required, and passes control to a function block 440.
- Function block 440 increments the values of variables frm and w in d e ⁇ , and passes control to a decision block 445, The decision block 445 determines whether or not the variable frm is less than k.
- control is passed back to function block 415.
- one advantage/feature is the providing of an encoding apparatus and method that performs video analysis based on constrained but overlapping windows of the content to be coded, and uses this information to adapt encoding parameters.
- Another advantage/feature is the use of spatio-temporal analysis in the video analysis.
- Yet another advantage/feature is that a preliminary encoding pass is considered for the video analysis.
- another advantage/feature is that spatio-temporal analysis and a preliminary encoding pass are jointly considered in the video analysis.
- another advantage/feature is that at least one of picture coding type, edge, mean, and variance information is used for spatial analysis, and adaptation of lagrangian parameters, quantization and deadzoning. Still another advantage/feature is that absolute difference and variance are used to adapt quantization parameters. Additionally, another advantage/feature is that the performed video analysis only considers previously coded pictures. Further, another advantage/feature is that the performed video analysis is used to decide at least one of several encoding parameters including, but not limited to, slice type decision, GOP and picture coding structure and order, weighting parameters, quantization values and deadzoning, lagrangian parameters, number of references, reference order and handling, frame/field picture and macroblock decisions, deblocking parameters, inter block size decision, intra spatial prediction, and direct modes.
- another advantage/feature is that the video analysis can be performed using multiple iterations, while considering previously generated statistics to adapt the encoding parameters or the analysis statistics. Moreover, another advantage/feature is that window sizes and overlapping window regions are adaptable based on previously generated analysis statistics.
- the teachings of the present invention are implemented as a combination of hardware and software.
- the software is preferably implemented as an application program tangibly embodied on a program storage unit.
- the application program may be uploaded to, and executed by, a machine comprising any suitable architecture.
- the machine is implemented on a computer platform having hardware such as one or more central processing units (“CPU"), a random access memory (“RAM”), and input/output ("I/O") interfaces.
- CPU central processing units
- RAM random access memory
- I/O input/output
- the computer platform may also include an operating system and microinstruction code.
- the various processes and functions described herein may be either part of the microinstruction code or part of the application program, or any combination thereof, which may be executed by a CPU.
- various other peripheral units may be connected to the computer platform such as an additional data storage unit and a printing unit.
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JP2007516535A JP2008503919A (en) | 2004-06-18 | 2005-06-06 | Method and apparatus for optimizing video coding |
BRPI0512057-8A BRPI0512057A (en) | 2004-06-18 | 2005-06-06 | method and apparatus for optimizing video encoding |
EP05758862A EP1766991A1 (en) | 2004-06-18 | 2005-06-06 | Method and apparatus for video encoding optimization |
US11/597,934 US20070230565A1 (en) | 2004-06-18 | 2005-06-06 | Method and Apparatus for Video Encoding Optimization |
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JP (1) | JP2008503919A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1969558A (en) |
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Cited By (3)
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US20070064816A1 (en) * | 2005-09-16 | 2007-03-22 | Stmicroelectronics Asia Pacific Pte Ltd | Adaptive pre-filtering system |
JP2009525687A (en) * | 2006-02-02 | 2009-07-09 | トムソン ライセンシング | Method and apparatus for adaptive weight selection for motion compensated prediction |
US7885476B2 (en) | 2006-12-14 | 2011-02-08 | Sony Corporation | System and method for effectively performing an adaptive encoding procedure |
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CN102595093A (en) | 2011-01-05 | 2012-07-18 | 腾讯科技(深圳)有限公司 | Video communication method for dynamically changing video code and system thereof |
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WO1998037701A1 (en) * | 1997-02-12 | 1998-08-27 | Sarnoff Corporation | Apparatus and method for optimizing the rate control in a coding system |
EP0982951A1 (en) * | 1998-08-28 | 2000-03-01 | THOMSON multimedia | Picture compression process |
US20010012324A1 (en) * | 1998-03-09 | 2001-08-09 | James Oliver Normile | Method and apparatus for advanced encoder system |
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JP4203707B2 (en) * | 2001-01-31 | 2009-01-07 | 日本電気株式会社 | A moving picture coding apparatus, a moving picture coding method, and a program using the prior analysis. |
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- 2005-06-06 EP EP05758862A patent/EP1766991A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-06-06 CN CN 200580019971 patent/CN1969558A/en active Pending
- 2005-06-06 BR BRPI0512057-8A patent/BRPI0512057A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-06-06 JP JP2007516535A patent/JP2008503919A/en active Pending
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Patent Citations (3)
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WO1998037701A1 (en) * | 1997-02-12 | 1998-08-27 | Sarnoff Corporation | Apparatus and method for optimizing the rate control in a coding system |
US20010012324A1 (en) * | 1998-03-09 | 2001-08-09 | James Oliver Normile | Method and apparatus for advanced encoder system |
EP0982951A1 (en) * | 1998-08-28 | 2000-03-01 | THOMSON multimedia | Picture compression process |
Cited By (5)
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US20070064816A1 (en) * | 2005-09-16 | 2007-03-22 | Stmicroelectronics Asia Pacific Pte Ltd | Adaptive pre-filtering system |
US9326006B2 (en) * | 2005-09-16 | 2016-04-26 | Stmicroelectronics Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd. | Adaptive pre-filtering system |
JP2009525687A (en) * | 2006-02-02 | 2009-07-09 | トムソン ライセンシング | Method and apparatus for adaptive weight selection for motion compensated prediction |
US8498336B2 (en) | 2006-02-02 | 2013-07-30 | Thomson Licensing | Method and apparatus for adaptive weight selection for motion compensated prediction |
US7885476B2 (en) | 2006-12-14 | 2011-02-08 | Sony Corporation | System and method for effectively performing an adaptive encoding procedure |
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JP2008503919A (en) | 2008-02-07 |
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