WO2006007044A1 - Antimicrobial insulation - Google Patents
Antimicrobial insulation Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006007044A1 WO2006007044A1 PCT/US2005/015506 US2005015506W WO2006007044A1 WO 2006007044 A1 WO2006007044 A1 WO 2006007044A1 US 2005015506 W US2005015506 W US 2005015506W WO 2006007044 A1 WO2006007044 A1 WO 2006007044A1
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- antimicrobial
- antimicrobial agent
- insulation
- composition
- agent
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
- B32B29/06—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard specially treated, e.g. surfaced, parchmentised
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
- A01N33/02—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
- A01N33/12—Quaternary ammonium compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
- A01N43/653—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/02—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres in the form of fibres or filaments
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/14—Paints containing biocides, e.g. fungicides, insecticides or pesticides
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to insulation and methods for making insulation.
- the present invention relates to an efficient and economical method for producing insulation that possesses antimicrobial (e.g., antibacterial and antifungal) properties.
- antimicrobial e.g., antibacterial and antifungal
- Insulation is a ubiquitous construction material. It is found in practically all residential and commercial construction and its importance in the construction of new structures cannot be over emphasized.
- the primary function of insulation is to act as a heat transfer barrier between the interior of a structure and the outside environment. Thus insulation, if properly installed, can greatly reduce heating and air conditioning costs. Insulation can also serve as a sound barrier, moisture barrier, and vapor/air barrier.
- insulation The diverse functions of insulation led to the development of many different types of insulation. Some insulation is blown loosely into attics. Other insulation consists of foam sheets nailed to walls.
- the present invention pertains to arguably the most common form of insulation -fiberglass batting that has one side faced with Kraft paper. This type of insulation generally comes in large rolls which are then unrolled to form a mat in attics and walls. [0005] For the remainder of this document the term insulation will refer to paper faced fiberglass batting.
- Wallboard is a construction material used to form interior walls.
- Wallboard is somewhat similar to insulation in that it comprises a structural material (a sheet of gypsum instead of fiberglass) attached to one or two sheets of kraft paper.
- the kraft paper used in insulation is usually thinner than that used with wallboard.
- the present invention derives from research directed at developing a commercially viable process for making insulation that exhibits antimicrobial characteristics.
- One result of this research was the development of insulation which exhibits antimicrobial characteristics and resists the growth of microbes.
- the insulation according to the invention comprises an insulating material such as fiberglass, a non- woven covering adjacent the insulating material, and an antimicrobial composition.
- the insulating material will be attached to the non-woven covering by an adhesive.
- the antimicrobial composition is preferably intimately associated with the non-woven covering, the adhesive or both.
- the invention also encompasses a method for producing insulation that exhibits antimicrobial characteristics and resists the growth of microbes.
- the method comprises the steps of contacting a non-woven covering to an insulating material, and applying an antimicrobial composition to the non-woven covering.
- the method also comprises adding an antimicrobial composition to the insulation or to a component thereof at levels sufficient to exhibit efficacy against microbes.
- the invention is insulation that exhibits antimicrobial characteristics and resists the growth of microbes.
- microbes encompasses bacteria, fungi, and other such forms of life that are generally considered by those skilled in the art to fall within the realm of microbiology. Fungus (i.e., mold and mildew), however, is a primary concern with insulation. Accordingly, and for ease of discussion, this detailed description will often make reference to fungus and antifungal agents. This method of presentation should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention in any way.
- efficacy is defined as the characteristic of inhibiting the growth of a microbe on a substrate.
- non-metallic antimicrobial agent as used herein means antimicrobial agents, other than quaternary ammonium compounds, that do not contain or utilize metal ions (e.g., Ag, Cu).
- antimicrobial composition includes individual antimicrobial agents (e.g., silver, triclosan, zinc oxide, etc.) and various combinations of antimicrobial agents and other additives.
- the insulation according to the invention comprises an insulating material, a non woven covering adjacent the insulating material and an antimicrobial composition.
- the non-woven covering will be connected to the insulating material using an adhesive.
- the adhesive is an asphalt or tar-like adhesive that is well known in the industry.
- the insulating material may be any of the commonly known insulating materials. Perhaps the most commonly, known and used insulating material is fiberglass batting. This type of insulating material is found in most commercially available lines of insulation including the well known pink colored insulation available from Owens-Corning. Fiberglass batting is the preferred insulating material for use in the practice of the invention.
- the non-woven covering used in the practice of the invention may be any type of non-woven material capable of attachment to and support of insulating material.
- Synthetic polymer non-woven mats are examples of acceptable non-woven material.
- the non-woven covering used in the practice of the invention is made from natural polymers such as cellulose.
- Kraft paper is the non- woven material of choice used in the insulation industry. Accordingly, a particularly preferred non-woven covering for use with the invention is kraft paper.
- the antimicrobial composition and the various methods of applying the antimicrobial composition to the non-woven covering represent the most diverse aspect of the invention. If synthetic polymer non-woven material is used then the antimicrobial composition can be added to the polymer melt prior to formation of the non- woven mat. Furthermore, the antimicrobial compositions that may be used in the conjunction with synthetic polymer non-woven coverings include all of the antimicrobial agents, or combinations ' of agents, commonly used with synthetic polymers. Such agents include, but are not limited to chlorinated phenols (e.g., triclosan), quaternary ammonium compounds, azoles, and metals (e.g., silver zeolites, silver ions). Those skilled in the art are well versed at adding such agents to polymers and can choose the appropriate agent and loading levels for the polymer of interest without undue experimentation.
- the antimicrobial agents utilized in the practice of the invention may include any antimicrobial composition capable of imparting antimicrobial characteristics to insulation and particularly the non- woven (e.g., kraft paper) covering.
- antimicrobial agents include, but are not limited to chlorinated phenols (e.g., triclosan), quaternary ammonium compounds, azoles, and metals (e.g., silver zeolites, silver ions).
- the antimicrobial composition may be applied to the kraft paper in any of several ways.
- the paper may be treated by adding antimicrobial compositions to the fiber/pulp slurry during formation of the paper. Although this method can be effective, it tends to be cost prohibitive.
- the paper may be surface treated with an antimicrobial composition.
- Spraying the paper covering with the antimicrobial composition is within the scope of the invention.
- Those skilled in the art of papermaking are very familiar with spraybars and their use and how they can be easily adopted for use with the present invention.
- Another method of treating the paper surface is to apply the antimicrobial composition as a uniform coating on one side or both sides of the paper covering as the paper covering is made.
- the antimicrobial composition could be applied to the paper at the calendar stack rolls using a water bath that is sometimes present in papermaking processes
- the papermaking process may determine both the method of application and the antimicrobial composition used. Each papermaking process is unique in some respect and those skilled in the art can easily determine which application method and antimicrobial composition is best for their particular process.
- all embodiments of the invention contain a quantity of antimicrobial composition sufficient to exhibit efficacy against microbes and particularly various species of fungi. More specifically, the preferred embodiments of the invention contain a quantity of antimicrobial composition sufficient to inhibit microbial growth on a substrate tested in accordance with AATCC (American Association of Chemists & Colorists) Test Method 30, Part III. Those skilled in the art are familiar with this test method and its parameters.
- AATCC American Association of Chemists & Colorists
- the antimicrobial composition is an antimicrobial system that comprises a first antimicrobial agent in a first carrier and a second antimicrobial agent in a second carrier.
- the first and second carriers are at least partly soluble in each other. This adds to the stability of the antimicrobial system by minimizing the formation of two liquid phases.
- one antimicrobial agent suitable for use in the practice of the invention is propiconazole which is commercially available from Janssen Pharmacetica under the trade name WOCOSEN.
- Another antimicrobial agent suitable for use in the present invention is diiodomethyl- 4-tolylsulfone which is commercially available from Dow Chemical under the trade name AMICAL. Both commercial embodiments can be obtained in carriers that are soluble in each other which improve the system's stability.
- antimicrobial agents suitable for use in the antimicrobial system can come in surfactant based carriers. Although surfactant based carriers can be used in the practice of the invention care should be taken when using such carriers to ensure that the application system does not become burdened with foam Foam can sometimes develop if the application system provides for the agitation of the antimicrobial composition. Foam can detrimentally effect the smooth and uniform distribution of the active ingredients. In some instances a small quantity of an anti-foaming agent can be added to the antimicrobial composition to reduce the foam Preferred anti-foaming agents are ethoxylated co-polymers of polyethylene glycol.
- the first antimicrobial agent used in the antimicrobial system is selected from the group consisting of propiconazole, sodium pyrithione, and mixtures thereof Both agents are commercially available in various concentrations and can be diluted to the extent necessary by those skilled in the art.
- the second antimicrobial agent used in the antimicrobial system is selected from the group consisting oftolyl diiodomethyl sulfone; tebuconazole, thiabendazole; and 3-iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate, and mixtures thereof. These agents are commercially available as well. [0035] Those skilled in the art can readily adjust the relative quantities of each of the antimicrobial agents in the antimicrobial system to achieve the desired levels of efficacy. In general, higher concentrations translate to higher efficacy.
- a preferred embodiment of the antimicrobial system is an emulsion comprising by weight about 0.1% to 0.8% propiconazole, 0.1% to 0.5% tolyl diiodomethyl sulfone, and 0.05% - 0.15% 3-iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate, in water.
- Emulsions using 0.20% propiconazole, 0.175% tolyl diiodomethyl sulfone, and 0.10% 3-iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate, in water, applied to 50 Ib. per square foot paper showed acceptable efficacy when applied to the surface of the paper at between about 5% and about 20% wet pickup based on the dry weight of the paper. Wet pickup between about 5% and about 7% showed acceptable results and would be preferable due to cost considerations.
- the quantity picked up by the paper can be adjusted in several ways known to those skilled in the art.
- An Pyrithione Zinc Pyrithione
- Prop. propiconazole (Wocosen Technical from Janssen)
- TDS tolyl diiodomethyl sulfone (Amical Flowable from Dow)
- IPBC iodo-2-propynyl-butylcarbamate (Polyphase CST from Troy)
- Tri. triclosan (Ingrasan DP300 from Ciba)
- TDS tolyl diiodomethyl sulfone (Amical Flowable from Dow)
- TDS2 tolyl diiodomethyl sulfone (Amical 48 from Dow)
- IPBC iodo-2-propynyl-butylcarbamate (Omacide IPBC40 from Arch)
- Teb. tebuconazole (Preventol A8 from Bayer)
- the antimicrobial system is applied to the non-woven covering (i.e., paper) such that the first antimicrobial agent is present in or on the non- woven covering in a concentration between about 50 ppm and about 1200 ppm, more preferably between about 200 ppm and 1200 ppm
- the first antimicrobial agent is propiconazole and is present in a concentration between about 80 ppm and 1000 ppm; more preferably between about 500 ppm and 1000 ppm.
- the second antimicrobial agent preferably is present in the non- woven covering at a concentration between about 40 ppm and 1600 ppm; more preferably between about 60 ppm and 1400 ppm.
- the second antimicrobial agent isolyl diiodomethyl sulfone (Amical Flowable from Dow) and is present in a concentration between about 40 ppm and 1600 ppm; more preferably between about 60 ppm and 1400 ppm.
- the antimicrobial composition used in the practice of the invention comprises a microemulsion of a quaternary ammonium antimicrobial agent, a phenol, and water.
- this embodiment of the antimicrobial composition comprises an aqueous microemulsion.
- the microemulsion comprises a quaternary ammonium antimicrobial agent, a phenol, and water.
- the composition need not contain the volatile alcohols (e.g., ethanol) that are usually used to form emulsions of quaternary ammonium antimicrobial agents.
- volatile alcohols e.g., ethanol
- Quaternary ammonium antimicrobial agents suitable for use in the antimicrobial composition include, but are not limited to, N-alkyldimethyl benzyl ammonium saccharinate, 1,3,5-Triazine- 1,3,5(2 H,4H,6H)-triethanol; 1- Decanaminium, N-decyl-N, N-dimethyl-, chloride (or) Didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride; 2-(2-(p-(Diisobuyl) cresosxy)ethoxy)ethyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride; 2-(2-(p- (Di isobutyl)phenoxy)ethoxy)ethyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride; alkyl, 1 or 3 benzyl-l-(2-hydroxethyl)-2-imidazolinium chloride; alkyl bis(2- hydroxyethyl) benzyl ammonium chloride; alkyl bis
- the quaternary ammonium antimicrobial agent comprises a dimethylbenzyl ammonium compound such as N- alkyl dimethylbenzyl ammonium saccharinate.
- N-alkyl dimethylbenzyl ammonium saccharinate is commercially available from Stepan Chemical Company of Northfield, Illinois, under the trade name ONYXCIDETM 3300. This particular form of ONYXIDETM is approximately 95% active and is a solid at room temperature but will form a liquid at elevated temperature. It is light yellow-orange in color and is insoluble in water.
- the phenol utilized in the practice of the invention is preferably an alkyl phenol, a styrenated phenol, or a combination of the two. Such phenols are commercially available from a number of sources.
- the alkyl phenol utilized in this embodiment preferably comprises at least one alkyl phenol having at least one an alkyl group selected from the group consisting of C7 alkyls, C8 alkyls, C9 alkyls, ClO alkyls, and Cl 1 alkyls.
- the alkyl phenol comprises an alkyl phenol having a C9 alkyl group.
- Alkyl phenols suitable for use in this embodiment are commercially available from a number of sources. Particularly preferred commercially available alkyl phenols include TRITONTM X-207 sold by Dow Chemical Company. [0052] In a similar fashion, the particular styrenated phenol utilized in the practice of the invention will depend upon the overall process. In preferred embodiments, the styrenated phenol is preferably non-ionic. Preferred styrenated phenols include CHROMASISTTM WEZ and STANDAPOL HSTM, both of which are commercially available from Cognis Corporation whose North American office is in Cincinnati, Ohio.
- Water makes up the other primary component of this embodiment of the antimicrobial composition.
- the antimicrobial composition may contain other additives. Two such additives are anti-foaming agents and anti-freezing agents.
- the alkyl phenols and styrenated phenols used in this embodiment of the antimicrobial composition can be susceptible to foaming depending upon the particular application. Therefore, it is envisioned that some commercial applications will contain anti-foaming agents.
- this embodiment of the antimicrobial composition according to the invention may be used to treat kraft paper.
- One method of treating this type of paper is to add the antimicrobial composition to the water box, a device toward the end of the paper process that returns a certain quantity of water to the paper after the paper has undergone heat based drying.
- the water box is often agitated due to the continuous movement of paper through it. This, agitation can cause foaming upon the addition of the claimed antimicrobial composition. Generally, the presence of foam is detrimental to the water box portion of a paper process. Therefore an anti-foaming agent is added to the composition according to the invention when the invention is used to treat paper at the water box.
- Preferred anti-foaming agents are ethoxylated co-polymers of polyethylene glycol.
- the commerical formulations of stryrenated phenols and alkyl phenols may contain a quantity of an antifoaming agent.
- TRITONTM X-207 contains a small quantity of polyethylene glycol. Accordingly, if TRITONTM X-207 is the source of the phenol additional antifoaming agent may not be needed.
- anti-freezing agents may be added to the composition according to the invention.
- the anti-freezing agents are not thought to be critical to the actual performance of the invention. Instead they are used to keep the composition from freezing or becoming too viscous during transport in cold weather.
- the anti-freezing agents may be left out of the composition if they are found to interfere with the addition of the antimicrobial agent in any particular process.
- a preferred anti-freezing agent is dipropylene glycol.
- the quaternary ammonium antimicrobial agent is present in the antimicrobial composition in an amount between about 1 wt. % and 30 wt. %. In particularly preferred embodiments the quaternary ammonium antimicrobial agent is present between about 15 wt. % and 20 wt. % of the overall composition.
- the total phenol content of the antimicrobial composition is between about 10 wt. % and about 60 wt. % of the total composition.
- Preferred embodiments utilize between about 20 wt. % to about 50 wt. % alkyl phenol and about 1 wt. % to about 10 wt. % styrenated phenol.
- the quantity of anti-foaming agent needed for successful practice of the invention will range between about 0 wt. % to about 20 wt. %.
- the remainder of the antimicrobial composition comprises water.
- the quantity of water present in the claimed composition will be between about 5 wt. % and about 30 wt. %, more preferably between about 10 wt. % and about 20 wt. %. Again, the exact quantity of water will depend upon the particular application and those skilled in the art a capable of making the necessary adjustments.
- the invention also encompasses a method of making the antimicrobial composition.
- the method comprises the steps of blending a phenol with a quaternary ammonium antimicrobial agent, heating the blended phenol and quaternary ammonium antimicrobial agent if necessary (some combinations of phenol/quaternary agent may not require heat), and admixing a quantity of water.
- the phenol e.g., TRITONTM X-207
- the quaternary ammonium antimicrobial agent e.g., ONYXIDETM
- the heat is applied because in many instances the quaternary ammonium antimicrobial agent is a solid at room temperature. Care should be taken not to heat the admixture of phenol and antimicrobial agent to a point where there is unacceptable volatilization of either.
- ONYXIDETM is the antimicrobial agent
- a mixing temperature of between about 65° C and about 75° C is recommended. At this temperature the ONYXIDETM melts into the phenol to form a liquid.
- Anti-foaming agents and anti-freezing agents such as those discussed previously can be added at this point if needed or desired.
- the heat may be removed. As the admixture cools to room temperature water is added with stirring.
- the relative amounts of antimicrobial agent, phenol, and water utilized in the method are the same as those discussed in relation to the composition.
- the relative amounts of anti-foaming agents, anti-freezing agents, and additional antimicrobial agents, if used are the same as those discussed in relation to the composition.
- non-metallic as used herein means antimicrobial agents, other than quaternary ammonium compounds, that do not contain or utilize metal ions (e.g., Ag 3 Cu).
- the antimicrobial composition comprises a microemulsion of a quaternary ammonium antimicrobial agent and two different types of non-metallic antimicrobial agents.
- the microemulsion can come in two forms. One is an aqueous microemulsion well suited for aqueous systems. The other is a non-aqueous microemulsion well suited for non-aqueous or organic solvent type systems. In the context of insulation it is expected that the aqueous microemulsion will be the more frequently used form
- this embodiment is an aqueous antimicrobial composition that can impart antimicrobial characteristics to kraft paper and many different products.
- this embodiment of the invention comprises an aqueous microemulsion.
- the microemulsion comprises a quaternary ammonium antimicrobial agent, a phenol, a first non-metallic antimicrobial agent, a second non-metallic antimicrobial agent, and water.
- the composition need not contain the volatile alcohols (e.g., ethanol) that are usually used to form emulsions of quaternary ammonium antimicrobial agents.
- Quaternary ammonium antimicrobial agents utilized in this composition include those listed in the previous embodiments of the antimicrobial composition.
- the quaternary ammonium antimicrobial agent comprises a dimethylbenzyl ammonium compound such as N- alkyl dimethylbenzyl ammonium saccharinate.
- N-alkyl dimethylbenzyl ammonium saccharinate is commercially available from Stepan Chemical Company of Northfield, Illinois, under the tradename ONYXCIDETM 3300. This particular form of ONYXIDETM is approximately 95% active and is a solid at room temperature but will form a liquid at elevated temperature. It is light yellow-orange in color and is insoluble in water.
- the phenol utilized in the practice of the invention may comprise an alkyl phenol having at least one an alkyl group selected from the group consisting of C7 alkyls, C8 alkyls, C9 alkyls, ClO alkyls, and Cl 1 alkyls.
- the alkyl phenol comprises an alkyl phenol having a C9 alkyl group.
- Alkyl phenols suitable for use in the practice of the claimed invention are available commercially from a number of sources.
- a particularly preferred commercially available alkyl phenol is sold by Dow Chemical Company under the tradename TRITONTM X-207.
- the phenol utilized in the practice of the invention can comprise a styrenated phenol.
- styrenated phenols acceptable for use with the invention are CHROMASIST WEZ and STANDAPOL HS. Both are available from Cognis Corporation of Cincinnati, Ohio. Both are identified by CAS # 3217120.
- Technical data sheets indicate that the primary difference between the two is the level of ethoxylation.
- the non-metallic antimicrobial agents used in this embodiment of the invention are preferably selected from the azole family of antimicrobial agents.
- azoles comprise a large class of compounds characterized by a five membered ring which contains an atom of nitrogen and at least one other noncarbon atom (e.g., nitrogen, oxygen, and sulphur). Certain azoles exhibit antimicrobial (i.e., antifungal) properties. Triazoles are a subclass of azoles that are often used as antimicrobial agents.
- propiconazole and tebuconazole Two of the more well known antimicrobial triazoles are propiconazole and tebuconazole.
- the chemical name for propiconazole (CAS No. 50207-90-1) is 1 [[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-propyl-l,3-dioxolan-2-yl]methyl]-lH-l,2,4-triazole.
- tebuconazole (CAS No. 107534-96-3) is ⁇ -[2-(4- chlorophenyl)ethyl] - ⁇ -(l , 1 -dimethylethyl)- IH- 1 ,2,4-triazole- 1 -ethanol.
- Tebuconazole is commercially available from a number of sources.
- a particularly preferred form of tebuconazole is available from Bayer Corporation under the tradename PREVENTOLTM A8.
- propiconazole is available from a number of sources.
- a particularly preferred form of propiconazole is available from Janssen Pharmaceutica under the tradename WOCOSENTM TECHNICAL.
- the first and second non- metallic antimicrobial agents are propiconazole and tebuconazole.
- Either agent can be the "first" or "second”; the particular designation does not matter.
- tebuconazole will generally be referred to as the first non- metallic agent and propiconazole will be the second non-metallic agent.
- a small quantity of a glycol may be present in the composition according to the invention if desired.
- Glycols can add to the stability of the emulsion and provide other benefits such as retarding foam
- Preferred glycols include alkyl glycols with polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, and dipropylene glycol being preferred.
- Water makes up the other primary component of the claimed antimicrobial composition.
- the antimicrobial composition according to the invention may contain other additives. Two such additives are anti-foaming agents and anti-freezing agents.
- this composition may be used to treat kraft paper.
- Such paper is used to form the outer surface on insulation.
- One method of treating this type of paper is to add the antimicrobial composition to the water box, a device toward the end of the paper process that returns a certain quantity of water to the paper after the paper has undergone heat based drying.
- the water box is often agitated due to the continuous movement of paper through it. This agitation can cause foaming upon the addition of the claimed antimicrobial composition. Generally, the presence of foam is detrimental to the water box portion of a paper process. Therefore an anti-foaming agent is added to the composition according to the invention when the invention is used to treat paper at the water box.
- the paper can also be treated using a spraybar. Foam buildup in the spraybar can be detrimental to a process so an antifoaming agent can be used there as well.
- Preferred anti-foaming agents are ethoxylated co-polymers of polyethylene glycol.
- the commercial formulations of phenols may contain a quantity of an antifoaming agent.
- TRITONTM X-207 contains a small quantity of polyethylene glycol. Accordingly, if TRITONTM X-207 is one source of the phenol additional antifoaming agent may not be needed.
- anti-freezing agents may be added to the composition according to the invention. They are used to keep the composition from freezing or becoming too viscous during transport in cold weather. In most instances a glycol will serve the function of an anti-freezing agent.
- a preferred anti-freezing agent is dipropylene glycol.
- One of the benefits of the present composition is that it provides a novel and improved platform for taking advantage of the antimicrobial properties of various azoles and tebuconazole and propiconazole in particular.
- tebuconazole and propiconazole in combination, one can achieve a greater antimicrobial effect for a given amount of antimicrobial agent.
- Tebuconazole and propiconazole are also well known for their hydrophobicity and difficulty of use in an aqueous environment. They resist forming aqueous emulsions and to the extent they can be forced into some type of aqueous emulsion the emulsions tend to be delicate and are easily destabilized (e.g., the actives form crystals in water and precipitate out or they form distinct phases with water).
- the composition according to the invention provides a stable aqueous emulsion of a quaternary ammonium antimicrobial agent and azoles, particularly tebuconazole and propiconazole.
- This composition can be as dilute as about 0.02 wt. % of combined azole (e.g., 100 ppm of tebuconazole and 100 ppm of propiconazole) or as concentrated as about 50 wt. % combined azole. This characteristic provides great flexibility in how the composition may be used.
- each of the listed components may vary to accommodate particular process requirements. Accordingly, each of the listed components may be present in different amounts depending upon the particular needs of the user. Again, those skilled in the art are fully capable of making these adjustments without undue experimentation.
- the quaternary ammonium antimicrobial agent is present in the overall composition in an amount between about 0.33 wt. % and 20 wt. %. In particularly preferred embodiments the quaternary ammonium antimicrobial agent is present between about 2 wt. % and 16 wt. % of the overall composition, most preferably between about 3 wt. % and 9 wt. %.
- the phenol i.e., alkyl phenol, styrenated phenol, or combinations of them
- the phenol is preferably present in the overall composition in an amount between about 30 wt. % and about 80 wt. % of the total compositioa
- the phenol is present in the composition between about 40 wt. % and about 70 wt. %, most preferably between about 45 wt. % and 65 wt. %.
- the first non-metallic antimicrobial agent is preferably present in the overall composition in an amount between about 5 wt. % and about 45 wt. %, more preferably between about 12 wt. % and about 30 wt. %.
- the first non-metallic antimicrobial agent is preferably tebuconazole.
- the second non-metallic antimicrobial agent is preferably present in the overall composition in an amount between about 5 wt. % and about 45 wt. %, more preferably between about 12 wt. % and about 30 wt. %.
- the second non-metallic antimicrobial agent is preferably propiconazole.
- a small quantity of a glycol may be present in the composition according to the invention.
- Preferred glycols include alkyl glycols with polyethylene . glycol, polypropylene glycol, and dipropylene glycol being preferred. Dipropylene glycol is particularly preferred. It is anticipated that in most applications the quantity of glycol will be between about 0 wt. % and about 4 wt. %. of the total composition.
- an anti-foaming agent can be added.
- the anti-foaming agents suitable for use with the invention include those compounds commonly used as anti-foaming agents.
- an additional amount of a glycol can be added as an anti-foaming agent.
- the glycol used as an anti-foaming agent can be more of the same glycol discussed previously or a different glycol.
- a preferred anti-foaming agent is an ethoxylated co-polymer such as polyethylene glycol which is commercially available from Cognis Corporation. It is anticipated that in most applications the quantity of anti-foaming agent needed for successful practice of the invention will range between about 0 wt. % to about 3 wt. %, more preferably between about 0.5 wt. % and 1.5 wt. %. The quantity of antifoaming agent can be adjusted upwards or downwards depending upon the particular application. Those skilled in the art can readily determine the appropriate quantity of antifoaming agent to use without undue experimentation.
- the remainder of the composition according to the invention comprises water.
- the quantity of water present in the claimed composition will be between about 0 wt. % and about 15 wt. %, more preferably between about 3 wt. % and about 9 wt. %. Again, the exact quantity of water will depend upon the particular application and those skilled in the art are capable of making the necessary adjustments.
- Further embodiments of the invention include those products that incorporate the claimed antimicrobial composition. Indeed, one of the novel aspects of the invention is that it serves as a very versatile tool for incorporating antimicrobial agents into a variety of diverse products. For example, the antimicrobial composition according to the invention has been shown to be particularly effective at imparting antimicrobial characteristics to paper used in the production of wallboard and insulation.
- the antimicrobial composition according to the invention is an excellent tool for providing antimicrobial protection to products such as paint and polymers, with latex exterior paints and extruded vinyl . (e.g., vinyl siding, vinyl windows) being particularly suitable for use with the . invention. It is also anticipated that the antimicrobial composition according to the . invention can be added to other solids such as ceramics and cementitious binders to impart antimicrobial characteristics.
- the invention also encompasses a method of making an antimicrobial composition. In broad terms, the method according to the invention comprises the steps of blending a phenol with a quaternary ammonium antimicrobial agent.
- Heat may be necessary during this blending step and particularly if the phenol is an alkyl phenol and the quaternary agent is an N-alkyl dimethylbenzyl ammonium compound.
- a quantity of a first non-metallic antimicrobial agent then a quantity of a second non-metallic antimicrobial agent.
- the first and second non-metallic agents can also be mixed together prior to mixing with the phenol/quaternary mixture.
- Toward the end of the process a quantity of water is added with mixing. Heat may be added to any step if needed.
- the alkyl phenol e.g., TRTIONTM X-207
- the quaternary ammonium antimicrobial agent e.g., ONYXIDETM 3300
- the heat is applied because in many instances the quaternary ammonium antimicrobial agent is a solid at room temperature. If the quaternary ammonium antimicrobial agent is a liquid or available as a flowable composition heat may still be used to aid in the mixing. Care should be taken not to heat the admixture of alkyl phenol and quaternary antimicrobial agent to a point where there is unacceptable volatilization of either.
- the temperature is kept below about 200 0 C.
- TRITONTM X-207 is the alkyl phenol and ONYXIDETM 3300 is the antimicrobial agent, a mixing temperature of between about 65° C and about 75° C is recommended. At this temperature the ONYXIDETM 3300 melts into the TRITONTM X-207 to form a liquid.
- steps of admixing a first non-metallic antimicrobial agent and admixing a second non-metallic antimicrobial agent may occur separately.
- the first and second non-metallic antimicrobial agents can be admixed together then added to the quaternary ammonium antimicrobial agent.
- the admixing of the non-metallic antimicrobial agents can be accomplished in the presence of heat, if needed.
- WOCOSENTM TECHNICAL i.e., propiconazole
- PREVENTOLTM A8 i.e., tebuconazole
- the tebuconazole and propiconazole are mixed together in the presence of form a less viscous solution that can then be added to the quaternary ammonium/alkyl phenol mixture.
- the tebuconazole and propiconazole mixture is heated to between about 65 °C and 75 °C with stirring.
- Heating can continue during the admixture of the non-metallic antimicrobial agents and the quaternary ammonium antimicrobial agents if needed. Glycols and any anti-foaming agents or anti-freezing agents such as those discussed previously can be added at this point.
- an alternative embodiment of the invention is particularly well suited for use in non-aqueous systems.
- the invention comprises a non ⁇ aqueous microemulsion.
- the microemulsion comprises a quaternary ammonium antimicrobial agent, a first non-metallic antimicrobial agent, a second non-metallic antimicrobial agent, and a glycol.
- the preferred quaternary ammonium antimicrobial agent, first non-metallic antimicrobial agent, and second non-metallic antimicrobial agent are the same as in the previous embodiment.
- Almost any glycol can be used in the practice of the invention but dipropylene glycol is a preferred glycol.
- each element in the composition according to the invention is as follows: first non-metallic antimicrobial agent - about 10 wt. % to about 33 wt. %; second non-metallic antimicrobial agent - about 10 wt. % to about 33 wt. %; quaternary ammonium antimicrobial agent - about 0.33 wt. % to about 17 wt. %; glycol - about 17 wt. % to about 80 wt. %.
- the method of making this embodiment of the invention is generally similar to the method of making the aqueous embodiment.
- the various components are mixed together in the appropriate quantities in the presence of heat, if needed.
- several samples of the composition according to the invention were made in the following manner.
- the first non-metallic antimicrobial agent e.g., WOCOSEN TECHNICAL
- dipropylene glycol under heat (approximately 65 °C) in the desired relative amounts.
- the quaternary ammonium compound e.g., ONYXIDE 3300
- the second non-metallic antimicrobial agent e.g.. PREVENTOL A8 was then added with heat and mixing. The entire mixture was then stirred under heat until a clear microemulsion was formed.
- the above non-aqueous embodiment of the invention is well suited for imparting antimicrobial characteristics to products produced in a non-aqueous environment.
- Alkyl Phenol (TRITONTM X-207) 43 % .
- the adhesive that attaches the fiberglass batting to the non-woven covering may also serve as a carrier for antimicrobial compositions.
- Several types of adhesives may be used depending upon the physical and chemical characteristics of the insulation and the non-woven covering. In preferred embodiments, however, the adhesive is an asphalt or tar-like compound such as those that are commonly used in the manufacture of insulation.
- the antimicrobial compositions can be added to the adhesive prior to application of the adhesive to the non woven covering. Simple mixing or blending of the antimicrobial agent with the adhesive will probably be the most effective method of addition in most instances. Other methods of combining the antimicrobial composition with adhesives will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art.
- the antimicrobial compositions that can be used in combination with the adhesive include all of those discussed previously, including the preferred antimicrobial compositions.
- Preferred embodiments utilize an antimicrobial composition that includes agents selected from the group consisting of triclosan, propiconazole, sodium pyrithione, tolyl diiodomethyl sulfone; tebuconazole; thiabendazole; 3-iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate, metal ions, n-octyl-isothiazolinone, quaternary ammonium compounds, and mixtures thereof.
- N-octyl-isothiazolinone (OIT) and silver ions or silver zeolites are particularly preferred.
- the weight percent of antimicrobial composition in the adhesive may vary from very little (e.g., less than 100 ppm)to very great (e.g., over 5000 ppm). The exact amount will depend upon the particular use of the insulation and the amount of antimicrobial composition used in conjunction with the non-woven covering.
- the invention also encompasses a method of manufacturing insulation which exhibits antimicrobial properties.
- the various examples set forth above discuss several methods of manufacture (e.g., spraying the non-woven covering). The above discussed methods are exemplary only and should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention.
- the method according to the invention comprises the steps of applying an antimicrobial composition to the non-woven covering and contacting a non-woven covering to an insulating material.
- the order of these steps may be reversed if such reversal is better suited to the overall process.
- the step of contacting the non-woven covering to the insulating material includes any contacting step currently used in the industry. Such steps could include melt pressing synthetic polymer non-woven coverings to insulation or coating a non-woven covering with an adhesive then contacting the non-woven covering to the insulation.
- tar like adhesives to contact paper coverings to fiberglass batting is probably the most commonly used method in the industry.
- the step of applying an antimicrobial composition to the non-woven covering comprises any of the methods discussed above including spraying, coating, dipping, etc. or otherwise contacting the antimicrobial composition to the non-woven covering. Adding the antimicrobial composition to an adhesive prior to or concurrent with contacting the non-woven covering to the adhesive is also included in the scope of this step.
- the antimicrobial compositions utilized in the method according to the invention include all of those antimicrobial compositions capable of providing a commercially acceptable level of efficacy against the microbe of concern.
- Particularly preferred embodiments of the method include the specific antimicrobial compositions discussed above.
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- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BRPI0512072-1A BRPI0512072A (en) | 2004-06-16 | 2005-05-04 | antimicrobial isolation |
EP05742871A EP1755887A4 (en) | 2004-06-16 | 2005-05-04 | Antimicrobial insulation |
CA2569871A CA2569871C (en) | 2004-06-16 | 2005-05-04 | Antimicrobial insulation |
MXPA06014847A MXPA06014847A (en) | 2004-06-16 | 2005-05-04 | Antimicrobial insulation. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2004/019360 WO2005061228A1 (en) | 2003-12-01 | 2004-06-16 | Antimicrobial insulation |
USPCT/US04/19360 | 2004-06-16 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2006007044A1 true WO2006007044A1 (en) | 2006-01-19 |
Family
ID=35784193
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2005/015506 WO2006007044A1 (en) | 2004-06-16 | 2005-05-04 | Antimicrobial insulation |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1755887A4 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1989005A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2005262841A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2569871C (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA06014847A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006007044A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20110018825A1 (en) * | 2009-07-27 | 2011-01-27 | Sony Corporation | Sensing a type of action used to operate a touch panel |
EP2471365A3 (en) * | 2010-11-09 | 2012-12-12 | Dow Global Technologies LLC | Synergistic combination of flumetsulam with thiabendazole |
US8362051B2 (en) | 2007-01-26 | 2013-01-29 | Rohm And Haas Company | Mold-resistant wallboard |
US20130330388A1 (en) * | 2012-06-12 | 2013-12-12 | Mattech, Inc. | Porous Sphere-like Objects, Method to Form Same and Uses Thereof Involvoing the Treatment of Fluids Including Anti-bacterial Applications |
IL271540B1 (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2023-09-01 | Microban Products | Additive formulation for reduction or prevention of microbially induced corrosion in concrete or cementitious material |
US12098105B2 (en) | 2023-08-11 | 2024-09-24 | Microban Products Company | Additive formulation for reduction or prevention of microbially induced corrosion in concrete or cementitious material |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107549185A (en) * | 2017-08-08 | 2018-01-09 | 广州诺普化工科技有限公司 | A kind of leather fungicide and preparation method thereof |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20030035981A1 (en) * | 2001-08-03 | 2003-02-20 | Charles Capps | Antifungal gypsum board |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2005061228A1 (en) * | 2003-12-01 | 2005-07-07 | Microban Products Company | Antimicrobial insulation |
US20050182140A1 (en) * | 2003-12-01 | 2005-08-18 | Microban Products Company | Antimicrobial compositions |
US20050154030A1 (en) * | 2003-12-12 | 2005-07-14 | Microban Products Company | Antimicrobial composition |
-
2005
- 2005-05-04 MX MXPA06014847A patent/MXPA06014847A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-05-04 WO PCT/US2005/015506 patent/WO2006007044A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-05-04 EP EP05742871A patent/EP1755887A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-05-04 CN CNA2005800196497A patent/CN1989005A/en active Pending
- 2005-05-04 AU AU2005262841A patent/AU2005262841A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-05-04 CA CA2569871A patent/CA2569871C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20030035981A1 (en) * | 2001-08-03 | 2003-02-20 | Charles Capps | Antifungal gypsum board |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See also references of EP1755887A4 * |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8362051B2 (en) | 2007-01-26 | 2013-01-29 | Rohm And Haas Company | Mold-resistant wallboard |
US20110018825A1 (en) * | 2009-07-27 | 2011-01-27 | Sony Corporation | Sensing a type of action used to operate a touch panel |
EP2471365A3 (en) * | 2010-11-09 | 2012-12-12 | Dow Global Technologies LLC | Synergistic combination of flumetsulam with thiabendazole |
KR101344740B1 (en) | 2010-11-09 | 2013-12-26 | 다우 글로벌 테크놀로지스 엘엘씨 | Synergistic combination of flumetsulam with thiabendazole |
RU2565447C2 (en) * | 2010-11-09 | 2015-10-20 | Дау Глоубл Текнолоджиз Ллк | Synergic composition of flumetsulam and thiabendazole |
US20130330388A1 (en) * | 2012-06-12 | 2013-12-12 | Mattech, Inc. | Porous Sphere-like Objects, Method to Form Same and Uses Thereof Involvoing the Treatment of Fluids Including Anti-bacterial Applications |
IL271540B1 (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2023-09-01 | Microban Products | Additive formulation for reduction or prevention of microbially induced corrosion in concrete or cementitious material |
US11753342B2 (en) | 2017-06-23 | 2023-09-12 | Microban Products Company | Additive formulation for reduction or prevention of microbially induced corrosion in concrete or cementitious material |
US11767265B2 (en) | 2017-06-23 | 2023-09-26 | Microban Products Company | Additive formulation for reduction or prevention of microbially induced corrosion in concrete or cementitious material |
US11773024B2 (en) | 2017-06-23 | 2023-10-03 | Microban Products Company | Additive formulation for reduction or prevention of microbially induced corrosion in concrete or cementitious material |
US12098105B2 (en) | 2023-08-11 | 2024-09-24 | Microban Products Company | Additive formulation for reduction or prevention of microbially induced corrosion in concrete or cementitious material |
US12098106B2 (en) | 2023-08-11 | 2024-09-24 | Microban Products Company | Additive formulation for reduction or prevention of microbially induced corrosion in concrete or cementitious material |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2569871A1 (en) | 2006-01-19 |
EP1755887A4 (en) | 2011-07-06 |
EP1755887A1 (en) | 2007-02-28 |
CN1989005A (en) | 2007-06-27 |
MXPA06014847A (en) | 2007-03-23 |
CA2569871C (en) | 2012-11-27 |
AU2005262841A1 (en) | 2006-01-19 |
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