WO2006003367A1 - Piezoelectric inertial transducer - Google Patents

Piezoelectric inertial transducer Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006003367A1
WO2006003367A1 PCT/GB2005/002381 GB2005002381W WO2006003367A1 WO 2006003367 A1 WO2006003367 A1 WO 2006003367A1 GB 2005002381 W GB2005002381 W GB 2005002381W WO 2006003367 A1 WO2006003367 A1 WO 2006003367A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
resonant element
force transducer
transducer
layer
force
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2005/002381
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Mark Starnes
Steven Mark Hoyle
James John East
Neil Simon Owen
Original Assignee
New Transducers Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by New Transducers Limited filed Critical New Transducers Limited
Priority to CN2005800192335A priority Critical patent/CN1969591B/en
Priority to JP2007518674A priority patent/JP2008504772A/en
Priority to KR1020077000030A priority patent/KR101229898B1/en
Priority to US11/630,789 priority patent/US7916880B2/en
Priority to EP05752009.0A priority patent/EP1762119B1/en
Publication of WO2006003367A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006003367A1/en
Priority to HK07107111.2A priority patent/HK1099881A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R17/00—Piezoelectric transducers; Electrostrictive transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R17/00—Piezoelectric transducers; Electrostrictive transducers
    • H04R17/10—Resonant transducers, i.e. adapted to produce maximum output at a predetermined frequency
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
    • H04R7/04—Plane diaphragms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/06—Loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2499/00—Aspects covered by H04R or H04S not otherwise provided for in their subgroups
    • H04R2499/10—General applications
    • H04R2499/11—Transducers incorporated or for use in hand-held devices, e.g. mobile phones, PDA's, camera's
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
    • H04R7/04—Plane diaphragms
    • H04R7/045—Plane diaphragms using the distributed mode principle, i.e. whereby the acoustic radiation is emanated from uniformly distributed free bending wave vibration induced in a stiff panel and not from pistonic motion

Definitions

  • the invention relates to force transducers or actuators, e.g. for applying bending wave energy to panel- form acoustic diaphragms to form loudspeakers. More particularly, the invention relates to force transducers or actuators of the kind described in International application No. WO 01/54450. Such devices are known as “distributed mode actuators" or by the initials "DMA".
  • WO 01/54450 It is known from WO 01/54450 to couple a DMA to a site to which force is to be applied by an off-centre coupling means, e.g. a stub. Furthermore, it is known from WO 01/54450 that the parameters of the DMA may be adjusted to enhance the modality of the DMA.
  • an inertial force transducer having an operative frequency range and comprising a resonant element having a frequency distribution of modes in the operative frequency range of the transducer, the resonant element being a piezoelectric device and comprising a layer of piezoelectric material and a substrate layer on the layer of piezoelectric material, and coupling means for mounting the resonant element to a site to which force is to be applied, characterised in that the substrate layer has a region extending beyond the piezoelectric layer, with the coupling means mounted to the extended region whereby the low frequency performance of the transducer is extended.
  • an off-centre coupling introduces the stiffness of the stub as a factor in determining the frequency of the fundamental resonant mode f0 of the transducer.
  • the fundamental resonance f0 of the beam changes from being a pure function of beam bending, to a function of bending and translation since some of the bending now occurs in the stub.
  • extending the substrate of the resonant element reduces the stiffness of the coupling system to provide compliance, i.e. flexibility between the coupling means and resonant element.
  • This compliance results in the fundamental resonance fO of the transducer dropping. Hence the performance of the transducer is extended to a lower frequency.
  • the bending stiffness of the coupling means is preferably greater than the bending stiffness of the extended region.
  • the coupling means may be stiff and rigid.
  • the connection between the substrate layer and the coupling means may be rigid.
  • the coupling means may be vestigial, e.g. a controlled layer of adhesive or may be in the form of a stub.
  • the connection may be vestigial e.g. adhesive layer.
  • the transducer is inertial, i.e. not-grounded to a frame or other support, and is free to vibrate outside the extended region. That is, the resonant element is free to bend and so generate a force via the inertia associated with accelerating and decelerating its own mass during vibration.
  • the resonant element may be generally rectangular or beam-like.
  • the extended region of the substrate layer may be at one end of the rectangular or beam-like resonant element with maximum translation occurring at the opposed end.
  • the resonant element may be in the form of a piezo ⁇ electric bimorph in which the substrate layer is sandwiched between two layers of piezoelectric material.
  • the substrate layer may be metallic, e.g. brass.
  • the invention is a loudspeaker comprising a force transducer or actuator as defined above.
  • the invention is an electronic device, e.g. a mobile telephone or cell-phone, comprising a loudspeaker as defined above.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a force transducer or actuator according to the invention
  • Figure 2 is a side elevation of the transducer or actuator of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a graph of blocked force against frequency for varying lengths of extended region
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of the transducer of Figure 1 mounted to a diaphragm
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view of a mobile telephone incorporating the transducer of Figure 1.
  • FIGS 1 and 2 show a force transducer 1 comprising two resonant elements in the form of piezo-electric bimorph beams 2.
  • Each beam 2 comprises a central substrate layer in the form of a metallic, e.g. brass, vane 3 sandwiched between piezoelectric layers 6. At one end of each beam, the central vane 3 is extended to project beyond the piezoelectric layers 6 into an extended region 7.
  • the beams 2 are coupled via coupling means in the form of hard supporting stubs 4, where the bending stiffness of the stubs is greater than the bending stiffness of the vane, in the extended vane regions 7, e.g. by adhesive means.
  • the stubs 4 are fixed by adhesive means to a site at which force is to be applied, in this case a blocked force jig 5.
  • the jig 5 provides a mechanical ground, i.e. a mount position where there is a high mechanical impedance (>1000 Ns/m) resulting in effectively zero velocity at all frequencies of interest. In practical terms this is a metal block with a high mass (>lkg) relative to the transducer.
  • Figure 2 shows the displaced shape of the transducer at a frequency near the fundamental bending frequency f ⁇ .
  • the opposed end of the transducer to the extended region is not attached to a frame or other support and is free to vibrate.
  • the displacement of the transducer in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the transducer is greatest at this end. Nevertheless, most of the bending is occurring in the extended vane region 7.
  • Figure 3 shows the effect on blocked force of increasing the vane length between the end of the beam and the hard stubs. Only the vertical component of the force is presented and to reduce the errors contributed by noise and construction, a calibrated finite element model is used to demonstrate the effect.
  • the solid line shows the effect of an unextended vane, the dotted line a extended region of length 0.5mm and the dashed line a 1.5mm extended region.
  • the frequency at which the lowest force peak occurs is reduced as the vane is extended, as does the magnitude at the trough.
  • the frequency of the peak may be reduced from 300Hz to 200Hz by using a lmm extended region, with a corresponding force reduction of 6.3 dBN.
  • the trough present in the 5kHz region is only present for blocked force perpendicular to the beam plane. Examination of the component of blocked force in the direction parallel to the length of the beam shows no such behaviour. Accordingly, when the beam is mounted on a bending wave panel acoustic radiator, the trough at 5kHz is not visible in the measured acoustic pressure.
  • the present invention provides a simple method of increasing the operating bandwidth of a DMA by increasing the length of the central vane beyond the end of the beam and bonding to the extension. However, there is a corresponding decrease in force output .
  • Figure 4 shows a loudspeaker comprising a panel-form diaphragm 8 to which a transducer 1 as shown in Figure 1 is mounted in an off-centre location.
  • the transducer 1 excites bending wave vibration in the diaphragm whereby the diaphragm radiates to produce sound.
  • FIG. 5 shows a mobile phone 9 incorporating a loudspeaker similar to that shown in Figure 4.
  • the transducer 1 is mounted to the screen cover 10 at the side portion so as not to obscure the window though which the screen is visible.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Piezo-Electric Transducers For Audible Bands (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
  • Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

An inertial force transducer (1) having an operative frequency range comprises a resonant element (2) having a frequency distribution of modes in the operative frequency range of the transducer and coupling means (4) for mounting the resonant element (2) to a site to which force is to be applied. The resonant element (2) is a piezoelectric device comprising a layer of piezoelectric material (6) and a substrate layer (3) on the layer of piezoelectric material (6). The substrate layer (3) has a region extending beyond the piezoelectric layer (6), with the coupling means mounted to the extended region (7) whereby the low frequency performance of the transducer (1) is extended.

Description

PIEZOELECTRIC INERTIAL TRANSDUCER
DESCRIPTION
TECHNICAL FIELD
The invention relates to force transducers or actuators, e.g. for applying bending wave energy to panel- form acoustic diaphragms to form loudspeakers. More particularly, the invention relates to force transducers or actuators of the kind described in International application No. WO 01/54450. Such devices are known as "distributed mode actuators" or by the initials "DMA".
BACKGROUND ART
It is known from WO 01/54450 to couple a DMA to a site to which force is to be applied by an off-centre coupling means, e.g. a stub. Furthermore, it is known from WO 01/54450 that the parameters of the DMA may be adjusted to enhance the modality of the DMA.
It would be desirable to provide an alternative method for changing the fundamental resonance of the transducer.
DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION
According to the invention there is provided an inertial force transducer having an operative frequency range and comprising a resonant element having a frequency distribution of modes in the operative frequency range of the transducer, the resonant element being a piezoelectric device and comprising a layer of piezoelectric material and a substrate layer on the layer of piezoelectric material, and coupling means for mounting the resonant element to a site to which force is to be applied, characterised in that the substrate layer has a region extending beyond the piezoelectric layer, with the coupling means mounted to the extended region whereby the low frequency performance of the transducer is extended.
In WO 01/54450, an off-centre coupling introduces the stiffness of the stub as a factor in determining the frequency of the fundamental resonant mode f0 of the transducer. By reducing the stiffness of the stub, the fundamental resonance f0 of the beam changes from being a pure function of beam bending, to a function of bending and translation since some of the bending now occurs in the stub.
In the present invention, extending the substrate of the resonant element reduces the stiffness of the coupling system to provide compliance, i.e. flexibility between the coupling means and resonant element. This compliance results in the fundamental resonance fO of the transducer dropping. Hence the performance of the transducer is extended to a lower frequency.
Since compliance is provided by the extended vane, the complexity of the system may be reduced whilst preserving design flexibility. The bending stiffness of the coupling means is preferably greater than the bending stiffness of the extended region. The coupling means may be stiff and rigid. Similarly, the connection between the substrate layer and the coupling means may be rigid.
The coupling means may be vestigial, e.g. a controlled layer of adhesive or may be in the form of a stub. The connection may be vestigial e.g. adhesive layer.
The transducer is inertial, i.e. not-grounded to a frame or other support, and is free to vibrate outside the extended region. That is, the resonant element is free to bend and so generate a force via the inertia associated with accelerating and decelerating its own mass during vibration.
The resonant element may be generally rectangular or beam-like. The extended region of the substrate layer may be at one end of the rectangular or beam-like resonant element with maximum translation occurring at the opposed end.
The resonant element may be in the form of a piezo¬ electric bimorph in which the substrate layer is sandwiched between two layers of piezoelectric material. The substrate layer may be metallic, e.g. brass.
From another aspect, the invention is a loudspeaker comprising a force transducer or actuator as defined above.
From yet another aspect, the invention is an electronic device, e.g. a mobile telephone or cell-phone, comprising a loudspeaker as defined above.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS The invention is diagrammatically illustrated, by way of example, in the accompanying drawings, in which: -
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a force transducer or actuator according to the invention;
Figure 2 is a side elevation of the transducer or actuator of Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a graph of blocked force against frequency for varying lengths of extended region;
Figure 4 is a perspective view of the transducer of Figure 1 mounted to a diaphragm, and Figure 5 is a perspective view of a mobile telephone incorporating the transducer of Figure 1.
MODE(S) FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Figures 1 and 2 show a force transducer 1 comprising two resonant elements in the form of piezo-electric bimorph beams 2. Each beam 2 comprises a central substrate layer in the form of a metallic, e.g. brass, vane 3 sandwiched between piezoelectric layers 6. At one end of each beam, the central vane 3 is extended to project beyond the piezoelectric layers 6 into an extended region 7.
The beams 2 are coupled via coupling means in the form of hard supporting stubs 4, where the bending stiffness of the stubs is greater than the bending stiffness of the vane, in the extended vane regions 7, e.g. by adhesive means. The stubs 4 are fixed by adhesive means to a site at which force is to be applied, in this case a blocked force jig 5. The jig 5 provides a mechanical ground, i.e. a mount position where there is a high mechanical impedance (>1000 Ns/m) resulting in effectively zero velocity at all frequencies of interest. In practical terms this is a metal block with a high mass (>lkg) relative to the transducer. Figure 2 shows the displaced shape of the transducer at a frequency near the fundamental bending frequency fθ. The opposed end of the transducer to the extended region is not attached to a frame or other support and is free to vibrate. The displacement of the transducer in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the transducer is greatest at this end. Nevertheless, most of the bending is occurring in the extended vane region 7.
Figure 3 shows the effect on blocked force of increasing the vane length between the end of the beam and the hard stubs. Only the vertical component of the force is presented and to reduce the errors contributed by noise and construction, a calibrated finite element model is used to demonstrate the effect. The solid line shows the effect of an unextended vane, the dotted line a extended region of length 0.5mm and the dashed line a 1.5mm extended region.
The frequency at which the lowest force peak occurs is reduced as the vane is extended, as does the magnitude at the trough. Extrapolating from the graph, the frequency of the peak may be reduced from 300Hz to 200Hz by using a lmm extended region, with a corresponding force reduction of 6.3 dBN. The trough present in the 5kHz region is only present for blocked force perpendicular to the beam plane. Examination of the component of blocked force in the direction parallel to the length of the beam shows no such behaviour. Accordingly, when the beam is mounted on a bending wave panel acoustic radiator, the trough at 5kHz is not visible in the measured acoustic pressure.
The present invention provides a simple method of increasing the operating bandwidth of a DMA by increasing the length of the central vane beyond the end of the beam and bonding to the extension. However, there is a corresponding decrease in force output .
Figure 4 shows a loudspeaker comprising a panel-form diaphragm 8 to which a transducer 1 as shown in Figure 1 is mounted in an off-centre location. The transducer 1 excites bending wave vibration in the diaphragm whereby the diaphragm radiates to produce sound.
Figure 5 shows a mobile phone 9 incorporating a loudspeaker similar to that shown in Figure 4. The transducer 1 is mounted to the screen cover 10 at the side portion so as not to obscure the window though which the screen is visible.

Claims

1. An inertial force transducer having an operative frequency range and comprising a resonant element having a frequency distribution of modes in the operative frequency range of the transducer, the resonant element being a piezoelectric device and comprising a layer of piezoelectric material and a substrate layer on the layer of piezoelectric material, and coupling means for mounting the resonant element to a site to which force is to be applied, characterised in that the substrate layer has a region extending beyond the piezoelectric layer, with the coupling means mounted to the extended region whereby the low frequency performance of the transducer is extended.
2. A force transducer according to claim 1, wherein the parameters of the extended region are selected to enhance the modality of the resonant element.
3. A force transducer according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the resonant element is generally rectangular or beam-like and wherein the extended region of the substrate layer is one end of the resonant element.
4. A force transducer according to any preceding claim, wherein the bending stiffness of the coupling means is greater than the bending stiffness of the extended region.
5. A force transducer according to any preceding claim, wherein the substrate layer and the coupling means are coupled together with a rigid connection.
6. A force transducer according to any preceding claim, wherein the resonant element is a piezoelectric bimorph.
7. A force transducer according to any preceding claim, 5 wherein the substrate layer is metallic.
8. A force transducer according to any preceding claim, comprising a plurality of resonant elements.
9. A loudspeaker comprising a force transducer as claimed in any preceding claim.
10 10. An electronic device comprising a loudspeaker as claimed in claim 9.
11. A mobile telephone or cell-phone comprising a loudspeaker as claimed in claim 10.
PCT/GB2005/002381 2004-06-30 2005-06-15 Piezoelectric inertial transducer WO2006003367A1 (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN2005800192335A CN1969591B (en) 2004-06-30 2005-06-15 Piezoelectric inertial transducer
JP2007518674A JP2008504772A (en) 2004-06-30 2005-06-15 Piezoelectric inertia converter
KR1020077000030A KR101229898B1 (en) 2004-06-30 2005-06-15 Piezoelectric inertial transducer
US11/630,789 US7916880B2 (en) 2004-06-30 2005-06-15 Transducer
EP05752009.0A EP1762119B1 (en) 2004-06-30 2005-06-15 Piezoelectric inertial transducer
HK07107111.2A HK1099881A1 (en) 2004-06-30 2007-07-03 Piezoelectric inertial transducer

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0414652.8 2004-06-30
GBGB0414652.8A GB0414652D0 (en) 2004-06-30 2004-06-30 Transducer or actuator

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2006003367A1 true WO2006003367A1 (en) 2006-01-12

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2005/002381 WO2006003367A1 (en) 2004-06-30 2005-06-15 Piezoelectric inertial transducer

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US7916880B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1762119B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2008504772A (en)
KR (1) KR101229898B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1969591B (en)
GB (1) GB0414652D0 (en)
HK (1) HK1099881A1 (en)
TW (1) TW200623929A (en)
WO (1) WO2006003367A1 (en)

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WO2019116038A1 (en) * 2017-12-13 2019-06-20 Nvf Tech Ltd Distributed mode loudspeaker actuator including patterned electrodes
WO2019122886A1 (en) * 2017-12-20 2019-06-27 Nvf Tech Ltd Active distributed mode actuator
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EP4219667A2 (en) 2011-12-12 2023-08-02 Basf Se Use of quaternised alkylamine as additives in fuels and lubricants
US10631089B2 (en) 2017-12-13 2020-04-21 Google Llc Distributed mode loudspeaker actuator including patterned electrodes
US10356523B2 (en) 2017-12-13 2019-07-16 Nvf Tech Ltd Distributed mode loudspeaker actuator including patterned electrodes
EP4109926A1 (en) * 2017-12-13 2022-12-28 Google LLC Distributed mode loudspeaker actuator including patterned electrodes
WO2019116038A1 (en) * 2017-12-13 2019-06-20 Nvf Tech Ltd Distributed mode loudspeaker actuator including patterned electrodes
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TWI712320B (en) * 2017-12-13 2020-12-01 美商谷歌有限責任公司 Distributed mode loudspeaker actuator including patterned electrodes
CN113055797A (en) * 2017-12-20 2021-06-29 谷歌有限责任公司 Active distributed mode actuator
CN113055797B (en) * 2017-12-20 2022-06-21 谷歌有限责任公司 Active distributed mode actuator
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HK1099881A1 (en) 2007-08-24
EP1762119B1 (en) 2014-01-08
JP2008504772A (en) 2008-02-14
TW200623929A (en) 2006-07-01
CN1969591B (en) 2011-05-18
KR101229898B1 (en) 2013-02-05
GB0414652D0 (en) 2004-08-04
CN1969591A (en) 2007-05-23
US7916880B2 (en) 2011-03-29
KR20070033410A (en) 2007-03-26
EP1762119A1 (en) 2007-03-14
US20070263886A1 (en) 2007-11-15

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