WO2005124323A1 - Identification et/ou marquage du bois - Google Patents

Identification et/ou marquage du bois Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005124323A1
WO2005124323A1 PCT/EP2005/006543 EP2005006543W WO2005124323A1 WO 2005124323 A1 WO2005124323 A1 WO 2005124323A1 EP 2005006543 W EP2005006543 W EP 2005006543W WO 2005124323 A1 WO2005124323 A1 WO 2005124323A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wood
individual
tree
identification
memory
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2005/006543
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Marinus C. Lamers
Original Assignee
Lamers Marinus C
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lamers Marinus C filed Critical Lamers Marinus C
Publication of WO2005124323A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005124323A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
    • G01N21/89—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination in moving material, e.g. running paper or textiles
    • G01N21/892—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination in moving material, e.g. running paper or textiles characterised by the flaw, defect or object feature examined
    • G01N21/898—Irregularities in textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. textiles, wood
    • G01N21/8986—Wood
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/46—Wood

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for identifying and / or marking wood, in particular round or sawn timber.
  • logs i.e. tree trunks or parts of logs
  • logs are identified at the beginning of their journey from the forest, i.e. the place of felling or Schiagens, to the work. This is usually done in the form of a first marking or marking on the forest side.
  • labeling can be understood here as an individual-related data assignment.
  • a cut surface of the log is marked.
  • Such identification is usually carried out by attaching basic data or by attaching an identifier that either serves only for identification or includes additional data.
  • additional data include, for example, the basic data mentioned above.
  • Basic data is usually attached either by letter, for example using chalk, or by spraying, for example using a paint spray can.
  • US-A-4,169,173 discloses the application of color markers.
  • An identifier is attached, for example, by attaching a sign or a transponder.
  • EP-A-1 246 152 discloses attaching an external signature element
  • the basic data is, for example, data such as tree type, dimensions, quality, buyer, owner, etc.
  • An identifier can consist of different materials or can be made of different materials, the identification being carried out, for example, by an identification number.
  • the conventional way of identifying or marking wood has several disadvantages. This means that a high proportion of manual work is required when carrying out identification or labeling. Furthermore, there are only limited possibilities for automation when writing or spraying or when producing and applying an individual identifier. There is also a risk Person-related changes and a high susceptibility to failure due to human error when writing or spraying or in the manufacture and application of the individual identifier. Furthermore, the risk of contamination, destruction, loss and / or becoming illegible of the letter or sprayed on or the identifier, for example due to manipulation or transport processes or damage, adversely affects the conventional way of identifying or marking wood , Among other things, this results in limited possibilities for automated reading of the identifier. Furthermore, depending on the material used, for example plastic, and the cost of the identifier, for example a transponder, there is a need to remove the material used or the identifier before further processing of the wood in the factory.
  • the conventional methods focus on the identification and marking of logs and the sawn timber produced from them in the sawmill, namely an individual trunk or log section (logs) through all processing stages to the finished end product (sawn timber, product) - and vice versa from End product back to the starting material - to be able to (back) track, insufficiently fulfill.
  • the (back) tracking becomes more difficult, the more numerous and different the products for which a single trunk or trunk section is processed, and in the more products, e.g. boards, planks and squared timber of different types, dimensions, qualities, etc., an individual trunk or trunk section decays.
  • the present invention relates to a method for identifying and / or marking wood, in particular round or sawn wood, wherein at least one individual characteristic of the wood is detected in such a way that individual properties are identified and / or identified, and / or that a comparison is made with data stored in a memory.
  • At least one individual feature of the wood is preferably detected by means of a detection device and compared with data stored in a memory and / or stored in a memory in such a way that it can be called up by means of a computing unit in such a way that individual properties are identified for identification and / or identification.
  • Wood is preferably identified by means of a virtual, non-contact and / or non-material marking.
  • the present invention relates to a device for identifying and / or identifying wood, in particular round or sawn timber, comprising a detection device for detecting at least one individual feature of the wood and a memory and a computing unit for storing the feature in a memory such that a Individual properties are assigned for identification and / or identification, and / or a comparison is made with data stored in a memory.
  • each trunk that is to say each felled tree, each trunk section (or cutout), that is to say a trunk cut into shorter sections, and each piece Lumber, i.e. wood part or wood product resulting from mechanical processing and processing from log sections.
  • the bearer of this individuality and medium of identification is the tree-specific tree ring pattern, in tropical trees the growth zones or the limits of zones of periodic growth.
  • growth zone (s) or the limits of zones of periodic growth is subsumed under that of the annual ring, the annual rings or the annual ring pattern etc. and is considered to include them.
  • this tree ring pattern has a function comparable to the human fingerprint.
  • the natural tree ring pattern is thus used as a natural, inherent identification unique to each individual piece of wood, which enables individual identification and recognition of the individual Pieces of wood allowed.
  • the botanical foundations and the laws of growth that make the tree ring pattern a clear bearer of the natural individuality of each piece of round or sawn timber are briefly described.
  • the cambium is a totipotent cell layer, which lies between wood and bark, and which is concentrated as a bud on the outermost tips of branches, branches and main trunk.
  • the growth of the trees takes place in that the cambium secretes wood and bast and bark cells to the outside in certain rhythms.
  • the underlying rhythms may differ depending on the geographic location of the tree, whereby trees in the temperate and boreal zones have an annual growth rhythm and trees in the tropics and subtropics have a seasonal, for example "rainy" rhythm.
  • the trees grow by twigs and branches growing laterally out of the buds and the main stem growing up.
  • there is a growth in thickness on the already wooded parts of the tree This means that branches and branches, but especially the main trunk of a tree, become thicker every year by the width of a so-called annual ring, which is the thickness of the woody cell layer that is secreted inwards.
  • the outermost layer of wood, the outermost tree ring is therefore the youngest of the tree. Accordingly, older growth rings are increasingly found inside and below in the trunk.
  • the cambium is active during the summer half of the year, or in certain tropical and subtropical trees at certain times, such as rainy seasons. According to the tree physiological necessities, for example in Central Europe, wide-lumen wooden cells are formed in spring, the time of sap rising, and in summer / late summer, bulky, thick-walled cells with a primarily stabilizing function. After that, the activity of the cambium comes to a halt in order to start again in the spring of the following year. Therefore, the thick-walled cells of last year's autumn are bordered by the thin-walled cells of the following spring.
  • the tree ring and the tree ring border are formed with a cell layer.
  • the tree ring or the tree ring border are visible, for example, due to different brown colorations and can be felt, for example, based on different hardness.
  • the so-called early (-year) wood is light, whereas the color of the so-called late (-summer) wood is much darker.
  • the early (-year) wood is soft, whereas the late (-summer) wood is clear is harder and denser.
  • each tree ring of each tree is the result of a tree-individual, unique interaction of the essential growth-controlling influencing factors, such as climate, location, competitive conditions and genetic makeup.
  • the climatic influencing factors include, for example, the length of the growing season and the water supply, whereas the location-dependent influencing factors include, for example, nutrient supply, micro-local peculiarities, which, for example, cause crookedness or wind loads, etc.
  • the competitive situation includes, for example, shadows from neighboring trees.
  • the same tree ring viewed at different interfaces along the length of the tree trunk, i.e. during the tree's lifetime at different tree heights, can be identified without a doubt, i.e. the same tree ring can be clearly identified on different cutting surfaces of the same tree trunk or the same tree rings on different cutting surfaces can be clearly assigned to each other.
  • This phenomenon results from tree growth, which - put simply - starts at the top and outside. If, for example, a tree trunk is viewed geometrically as a wooden cone, it grows - to put it simply - that year after year a new wooden jacket is formed and that this wooden jacket is placed over the existing wooden cone.
  • This regularity of growth means that a stem disc from the stem base, i.e. preferably the felling cut surface, shows all tree rings of a tree, with those from the tree's childhood located further inside and those from older ages further outside.
  • the tree ring pattern that becomes visible on the cut or felling cut surface of the tree trunk includes, as described at the beginning, all the tree rings from the life of the tree except for those that were formed in the first years of life when the tree had not yet reached the height at which the felling cut was led.
  • the appearance of the tree ring pattern of a tree therefore arises from the sequence of the individual tree rings or their patterns and is therefore (tree) individual, comparable to a person's fingerprint or a barcode.
  • the tree rings are also carriers overindividual manifestations (e.g. always very narrow in 1947) depending on certain events (1947 was an extremely dry year).
  • the at least one individual feature of the present invention is preferably at least a section (or section) of a tree-specific tree ring pattern.
  • a tree ring pattern or such a section of a tree-individual tree ring pattern includes both the natural tree-individual tree ring patterns (sections) and any individualizing changes in the tree ring pattern or tree ring pattern section.
  • tree ring or tree ring pattern-influencing tree ring anomalies for example due to branches, rot, resin gall or discoloration
  • tree ring or tree ring pattern influencing tree ring changes or tree ring coverings for example due to mechanical effects such as cracks in the wood body or as a result of Saw cuts or as a result of external influences such as dirt or (color) marking etc.
  • the identity feature of tree-specific tree ring patterns has the decisive advantage over mechanical processing and processing over other possible recognition methods, which are also based on the individuality of a tree trunk, which are based, for example, on the basis of individual trunk dimensions, length, diameter, curvature or eccentricity not to be made unrecognizable or destroyed, but only to be "divided”.
  • the option of a retrospective (mental) restoration of the original tree or trunk is retained.
  • the tree ring pattern per se is already a carrier of crucial, usage-related and exploitation-relevant log properties, so that its use, in particular its qualitative evaluation, for example with regard to knots, rot, reaction wood or discoloration, opens up additional options for controlling the amount of raw materials.
  • the present invention differs in particular from those in the state Methods of identification and marking of wood known in the art
  • the contactless recognition and recognition of the wood itself instead of a conventional "material" identifier, that is to say the identification and at the same time individual identification of the wood by means of an applied or attached material, the contactless recognition and recognition of the wood itself on the basis of its individual tree ring pattern or on the basis of it of parts or sections thereof.
  • the present invention also permits the corresponding identification and / or marking of wood in its various processing stages such as tree trunk, trunk part, sawn timber and sawn timber product and ensures the possibility of tracing the object or product for later processing to the tree trunk or to intermediate products such as trunk part or sawn timber as well to associated data.
  • the individuality of a tree trunk is not brought about first by, for example, attaching or attaching marks, etc., but rather each tree naturally associated, individual and distinctive features for identification and / or identification.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a felled tree trunk 1 (round wood), the tree-specific tree ring pattern being visible on the front side 2a of the tree trunk 1 and the front side 2b of the tree stump 3.
  • Tree ring pattern cutouts 3a and 3b are shown by way of example, by means of which the wood can be identified and / or identified.
  • At least one individual feature of the wood is acquired by means of computer-aided
  • the tree-specific tree ring pattern offers the possibility of recognition and / or identification of round wood
  • digitized recording is preferably carried out, particularly preferably including data storage,
  • Trunk section as a first-time admission and as a unique, unique identifier and / or as a technical data hanger for the data assignment (attribution) related to the individual tree trunk or the individual trunk section.
  • the corresponding (see above) detection of a partial section of a tree ring pattern of the cut surfaces of trunk parts enables, in particular with the help of computer-aided pattern matching for recognition, both the monitoring of the material flow and the data-related assignment of any additional log-specific properties, preferably by qualitative digital analysis with the help of knowledge-based data interpretation programs, as well as a temporally the raw material ( Round timber) forwarding its properties for the purpose of early factory scheduling with regard to raw material quantity control and optimization.
  • the data-related allocation and query or tracing of processing or transport historical data (e.g. when, how, where processed, transported, stored, etc.) is made possible. This results in the possibility of using a method in accordance with the known audit trail.
  • the object-specific tree ring pattern of the end faces offers the possibility of identifying and / or identifying and tracking the individual workpiece, including tracing its origin back to the original tree.
  • a preferred digitized recording particularly preferably including data storage, processing, forwarding and / or possibly exporting the frontal ring pattern of sawn timber, for example any cut product such as boards, planks, squared timber, etc., enables both identification and labeling with the aid of computer-aided pattern matching and analysis of the origin of the wood, preferably for the purpose of controlling the amount of raw materials, workflow monitoring and / or yield optimization.
  • a sawn timber for example a board
  • back to the exit tree is also particularly simple and undoubtedly possible if the front side of the board was or was part of the felling cut surface of the trunk or trunk section is.
  • the reference pattern for the pattern cutout or section of the sawn timber is then the pattern of the trunk or trunk section from which it was sawn out.
  • a sawn timber for example, sawn exclusively from the upper part of a tree to this tree even if only the tree ring pattern is available as a reference pattern, that during felling cutting in the forest on the stump surface, ie, the felling cut surface on the trunk side or is mirrored on the trunk foot surface.
  • the appearance of a particular tree ring in the area of the height of the trunk base or the felling cut may differ gradually from the appearance of the same tree ring in x meters of tree height, the principle of recognizability based on certain characteristics of the tree ring is particularly the specific pattern of two or more adjacent tree rings however guaranteed.
  • the identification and / or marking of wood is based on a computer-assisted tree ring pattern recognition.
  • Wood processing is the basis for the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention. Based on the basic idea that the most detailed, most comprehensive tree ring pattern of a tree can be found on the felling cut surface, it can be assumed that this most detailed, most comprehensive tree ring pattern of a tree is available for detection at the same time as it is processed. It can also be assumed that the accuracy of the recognition and recognition of the log increases with increasing level of detail of the tree ring pattern, so that the tree ring pattern of the felling cut surface is well suited for a preferred computer-aided pattern recognition process.
  • the at least one individual feature of the wood is preferably captured by means of an image capture technology or image capture unit. This is based on the fact that the cut surface of the felling cut or the corresponding tree ring pattern for each tree trunk is accessible and visible immediately after felling and thus at the beginning of the processing chain and is therefore also reproducible, preferably digitally reproducible. Incision surfaces that occur when the tree trunk is sawn further into sections are also accessible, visible and, preferably digitally, reproducible after each incision. If such a cut occurs in the forest, it is digital Ability to be represented at the latest when each individual trunk section has to be manipulated for removal. If this cut is made in the sawmill, then at the latest when aligning the trunk part to optimize the cut.
  • the at least one individual feature of the wood is preferably acquired by means of image processing techniques or by means of imaging methods and image processing devices.
  • at least one one-dimensional section of the wood is recorded and preferably processed by means of a computing unit.
  • a two-dimensional section of the wood is recorded, preferably a two-dimensional section or section or part of the tree ring pattern.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif d'identification et/ou de marquage du bois, en particulier de bois rond ou de bois de sciage, caractérisés en ce qu'au moins une caractéristique individuelle du bois est détectée au moyen d'un dispositif de détection, et comparée, au moyen d'une unité de calcul, avec des données mises en attente dans une mémoire et/ou pouvant être appelées au moyen de l'unité de calcul, et mises en attente dans une mémoire, de manière à effectuer une attribution de propriétés individuelles à l'identification et/ou au marquage. Conformément à une forme d'exécution préférée de l'invention, le modèle individuel d'anneau annuel de croissance du bois est détecté au moyen d'une unité de traitement d'images et analysé par l'unité de calcul, suivant une technique de traitement d'images.
PCT/EP2005/006543 2004-06-17 2005-06-17 Identification et/ou marquage du bois WO2005124323A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200410029252 DE102004029252A1 (de) 2004-06-17 2004-06-17 Identifikation und/oder Kennzeichnung von Holz
DE102004029252.3 2004-06-17

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2005124323A1 true WO2005124323A1 (fr) 2005-12-29

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PCT/EP2005/006543 WO2005124323A1 (fr) 2004-06-17 2005-06-17 Identification et/ou marquage du bois

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WO (1) WO2005124323A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011092381A1 (fr) 2010-01-29 2011-08-04 Upm-Kymmene Corporation Procédé d'identification d'une grume individuelle
AT521418A1 (de) * 2018-07-16 2020-01-15 Umweltdata G M B H Vorrichtung und verfahren zur vermessung
US10885624B2 (en) 2019-01-10 2021-01-05 International Business Machines Corporation Image-based origin validation
SE1930309A1 (en) * 2019-10-03 2021-04-04 Tracy Of Sweden Ab System and method for tracking logs in a wood processing chain
SE545276C2 (en) * 2018-05-16 2023-06-13 Tracy Of Sweden Ab Arrangement and method for identifying and tracking log

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1402291B1 (it) 2010-07-20 2013-08-28 Microtec Srl Metodo per identificare un pezzo di legname tra una pluralita' di pezzi di legname di partenza
WO2016008529A1 (fr) * 2014-07-17 2016-01-21 Hamberger Wolfgang Identification d'objets en bois par mesure de cernes annuels
DE102015213719A1 (de) * 2015-07-21 2017-01-26 Achenbach Buschhütten GmbH & Co. KG Verfahren zur Identifikation eines Coils
IT202100022256A1 (it) * 2021-08-24 2023-02-24 Microtec Srl Metodo per identificare un tronco di origine di una prima tavola

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2797975A1 (fr) * 1999-09-01 2001-03-02 Ct Regional D Innovation Et Tr Procede d'identification de pieces en matiere ligneuse, dispositif et procedes industriels de transformations mettant en oeuvre le procede d'identification
WO2003019308A1 (fr) * 2001-08-31 2003-03-06 Plc Inc. Systeme de reconnaissance de bois d'oeuvre
WO2005010628A1 (fr) * 2003-07-24 2005-02-03 Lucidyne Technologies, Inc. Tracage de bois par identification des caracteristiques de surface

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DE3005750A1 (de) * 1980-02-07 1981-08-20 Kockums Automation AB, Västrås Verfahren zur abnahme und aufgrund dieser abnahme zu erfolgendem abschneiden von langgestreckten gegenstaenden, wie holzstuecken o.ae. und anordnung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
DE3517714A1 (de) * 1985-05-17 1987-01-22 Enis Ersue Verfahren zum automatischen zuschneiden von planparallelen werkstuecken, insbesondere aus holz, sowie einrichtung zur durchfuehrung dieses verfahrens

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2797975A1 (fr) * 1999-09-01 2001-03-02 Ct Regional D Innovation Et Tr Procede d'identification de pieces en matiere ligneuse, dispositif et procedes industriels de transformations mettant en oeuvre le procede d'identification
WO2003019308A1 (fr) * 2001-08-31 2003-03-06 Plc Inc. Systeme de reconnaissance de bois d'oeuvre
WO2005010628A1 (fr) * 2003-07-24 2005-02-03 Lucidyne Technologies, Inc. Tracage de bois par identification des caracteristiques de surface

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011092381A1 (fr) 2010-01-29 2011-08-04 Upm-Kymmene Corporation Procédé d'identification d'une grume individuelle
EP2528716A1 (fr) * 2010-01-29 2012-12-05 UPM-Kymmene Corporation Procédé d'identification d'une grume individuelle
EP2528716A4 (fr) * 2010-01-29 2013-09-25 Upm Kymmene Corp Procédé d'identification d'une grume individuelle
SE545276C2 (en) * 2018-05-16 2023-06-13 Tracy Of Sweden Ab Arrangement and method for identifying and tracking log
AT521418A1 (de) * 2018-07-16 2020-01-15 Umweltdata G M B H Vorrichtung und verfahren zur vermessung
WO2020014718A1 (fr) * 2018-07-16 2020-01-23 Umweltdata G.M.B.H. Dispositif de mesure d'un végétal lignifié
US10885624B2 (en) 2019-01-10 2021-01-05 International Business Machines Corporation Image-based origin validation
SE1930309A1 (en) * 2019-10-03 2021-04-04 Tracy Of Sweden Ab System and method for tracking logs in a wood processing chain
SE544458C2 (en) * 2019-10-03 2022-06-07 Tracy Of Sweden Ab System and method for tracking logs in a wood processing chain

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