WO2005116400A1

WO2005116400A1 - A pumping unit

Info

Publication number: WO2005116400A1
Application number: PCT/CN2005/000747
Authority: WO
Inventors: Wenlin Ren
Original assignee: Wenlin Ren
Priority date: 2004-05-31
Filing date: 2005-05-27
Publication date: 2005-12-08

Abstract

A pumping unit that is used to produce hydrocarbon from subsurface formation is provided. The pumping unit is provided with one or more travelling pulley(es) and/or block to save strength, and steel rope winds the travelling block (s). One end of the rope is fastened to a fixed body, and the other is attached to a bull wheel that is driven by pumping unit's motor. The pumping unit not only can save strength and increase efficiency, but also can reduce the cost.

Description

Pumping Units 1. Technical Field: The present invention belongs to the field of oil extraction, especially energy-saving pumping units and accessories. 2. Technical background: The known pumping unit has the following deficiencies. 1. Energy saving is not enough. The moving pulley is not used, and the pulley group is energy-saving and energy-saving. The moving pulley includes a single-wheel single-wheel moving pulley and a multiple-wheel multi-wheel moving pulley. The reason is that the known technology has a complicated structure, inconvenient use, and high cost. If the structure and installation position of the moving pulley are unreasonable and improperly used, the structure of the multi-wheel moving pulley is complicated and the applicability is poor. 2. Invalid power consumption. When the light rod descends, the motor is still energized and does not use intermittent power supply technology. 3. Straight rods cannot be bent, and their performance is poor. Not conducive to improving travel, simplifying equipment, and competing for low costs. 4. The counterweight block is unreasonable. The well-known pumping units all have counterweights, and they are very heavy. The counterweights slow down the speed of the polished rod and reduce the impulse, which is not conducive to increasing the number of strokes, that is, the frequency of movement of the polished rod. It is also not conducive to increasing the output. 5. Poor connection of steel wire rope. The lack of a good wire rope connection device on the pumping unit results in a poor connection between the wire rope and the corresponding parts, stress concentration, easy fracture, accidents, and damage to parts. For example, the wire rope of a linear pumping unit is often broken due to poor connection, or it is a hidden danger of an accident and affects production. 6. The lack of protection, buffer, and adjustment devices between the polished rod and the polished rod connector makes the polished rod unreasonable and affects the polished rod life and efficiency. 7. No flywheel energy saving device, wasting energy. 8. The structure of the pulley block is complex, single, inflexible, poor in function, poor in applicability, and inconvenient to use. 9. The well-known pumping unit has a complicated structure and high cost. The following sections will further explain the background technology and effects in combination with relevant content.

III. Summary of the Invention: The purpose of the present invention is to avoid the above-mentioned shortcomings, and to provide a new energy-saving pumping unit and related technologies related to accessories. The present invention is realized in this way.

1. An oil pumping unit comprising a beam, which is characterized in that a movable pulley is mounted at the rear end of the beam, and a wire rope passes through the movable pulley. One end of the wire rope is fixed to a fixed object below the movable pulley, and the other end is connected to the rope pulley. The engine is driven; the fixed object includes a pulley frame, a base, a frame, a ground facility, etc .; or it is characterized in that the movable pulley is connected to the polished rod, the wire rope passes through the movable pulley, and one end is fixed on the frame above the movable pulley, and the other end is connected On the donkey head at the front end of the beam, the donkey head pulls the pulley to rise; or, it is characterized in that both ends of the beam are equipped with movable pulleys; or, it is characterized in that the movable pulley is located above or below the rear end of the beam and can be movably connected with the beam ; The movable pulley mounted on the beam has a rotating shaft, which can rotate with different positions of the beam, keeping the axial position of the wire rope on the pulley relatively unchanged; multiple movable pulleys can share a wire rope on the beam; or, The tail of the pumping beam described above is provided with a tailstock with a movable pulley on the tailstock; or, the movable pulley on the tailstock is movably connected to the tailstock; or The rear part is provided with a rear donkey head which is the same as or similar to the front part of the beam, and the rear donkey head is provided with a wire rope to connect the movable pulley or the pulley group; one pumping unit may have multiple movable pulleys or / and pulley groups for energy saving in order to raise the polished rod; Slippery group Group, that is, a pulley device composed of a fixed pulley and a movable pulley; the difference between a movable pulley and a fixed pulley is that they play different roles, and their structures can be basically the same or exactly the same; for example, a single-wheel movable pulley can be changed into a single unit with different uses. Fixed pulleys for wheels; The pulleys are neutral, and are determined as moving pulleys or fixed pulleys depending on the use; single and multiple pulleys are also neutral, and the functions change with use, and they can all become movable or fixed pulleys; The position can be as close as possible to the rear donkey head, so as not to affect the up and down travel; or, the pulley or pulley set installed at the rear end of the beam is installed in a forward or horizontal position with the beam or at any angle; or, the movable pulley or block is mounted on the polished rod and the engine. The pulleys move in a horizontal direction; the pulleys include a pulley rack and wheels. Multiple wheels can be combined into a pulley rack. The pulley rack can be in the shape of a bar, a flat plate, a groove, or a box. Or, multiple wheels can be juxtaposed on the same axis. Installed as a multi-wheeled pulley; or, multiple wheels are mounted as a multi-wheeled pulley on different axes in the same axis; or, multiple The single-wheel pulleys are installed on the same fixed object to form a movable or fixed pulley array. Multiple single-wheel pulleys on the same fixed object can be installed in different axial directions and different planes. The single-wheel pulleys and multi-wheel pulleys can be installed. Become a moving pulley or a fixed pulley of the present invention; the moving pulley array and the fixed pulley array refer to a moving pulley and a fixed pulley composed of a plurality of pulleys; or, the pumping unit is a water pump, a fluid lifting device, or a heavy lifting Or a lifting device; or, an oil pumping unit including an engine, which is characterized by a frame, a movable pulley, a wire rope, and a winding rope wheel. The winding rope wheel is driven by the engine, and may also have a fixed pulley, a power belt, and a base. The movable pulley is connected to the polished rod and other related publicly known components; or, the movable pulley is connected to the polished rod through a connecting member, which includes a pulley frame, and a wire rope passing through the movable pulley is connected to the frame at one end, or fixed above or in front of the movable pulley. The other end is connected to the rope reel, and the rope reel transmits engine power to drive the pulley and polished rod to move; or An oil engine includes an engine, a movable pulley, a frame, and a reel. The feature is that the frame extends from the base and is located above the polished rod. The frame is provided with a fixed pulley. The movable pulley is connected above the polished rod or / and connected to the fixed pulley. Between the rope reel and the rope reel, the rope reel is driven by an engine, and a steel wire rope can be connected to the weight;

Or, an oil pumping unit, including an engine and a rope reel, characterized in that the rope reel has a force-receiving wheel, the force-receiving wheel has a larger diameter than the reel, and the ratio is greater than 2 or more, such as greater than 3.5, or greater 4, or greater than 4.5, the diameter of the engine power wheel is smaller than the diameter of the force wheel; the force wheel is also called the driven wheel, which refers to the wheel receiving the engine power;

Or, the movable pulley includes a horizontal movable pulley and a vertical movable pulley; the horizontal movable pulley refers to two or more wheels installed on the same axis or the same axis into multiple pulleys; the vertical movable pulley refers to two Two or more wheels can be installed as multi-wheel pulleys on different axes in the same plane; multiple wheels can be installed side by side on the same axis to form a horizontal movable pulley; multiple wheels can also be in the same axis, but different shafts constitute multiple Roller pulley; the pulley group may be composed of a movable pulley and a plurality of fixed pulleys, may also be composed of a plurality of movable pulleys and a fixed pulley, and may also be composed of a plurality of movable pulleys and a plurality of fixed pulleys; or, the movable pulley is a chain type Moving pulley; or, the steel wire rope may be a plastic rope, a link rope, a synthetic material rope; Or, the frame is a pole type, a diagonal brace type, a herringbone type, a door type, a T-shaped type, a grid type, or a combination of the above types; or, the engine is installed on the frame; or, the machine The frame has a top cover, which can at least shade and block rain;

1. An oil pumping unit comprising an electric motor, characterized in that it intermittently supplies power to the electric motor; or, characterized in that it is provided with an intermittent power supply device; said intermittent power supply means that the power supply to the motor is stopped at regular intervals; or Start to supply power to the motor; the intermittent power supply device can be provided with an electronic remote control, can remotely control multiple pumping units at the same time, can be automatically controlled by a computer software program; or, is characterized by a remote control power supply device; or, multiple pumping units The oil engine has a remote control power supply device; the remote control includes the remote control of aerospace vehicles in the known remote control technology, the remote control of toy electric vehicles, the remote control of televisions, or a comprehensive application of known technologies; the intermittent power supply can be used Known technologies include electronic billboard subtitle intermittent automatic display technology, beacon light automatic intermittent flashing technology, clock-controlled automatic timekeeping technology, radio timing to automatically turn on surgery; computer software automatic control technology is also available.

3. An oil pumping unit, including a polished rod, characterized in that the polished rod is composed of a steel wire rope; or, characterized in that at least part of the polished rod is composed of a steel wire rope; the steel wire rope may be provided with an outer coating, and the outer coating may be made of metal, plastic, or synthetic material Alone or in combination.

4. A pumping unit, which includes a beam pumping unit, a belt pumping unit, a linear pumping unit and a two-way pumping unit for double wells, which is characterized by removing or not having a weight block or / and a weight device Make the polished rod rely on its own gravity to accelerate the downward speed and increase the downward pressure; the counterweight block or / and counterweight device is a weight or weight device attached to the pumping unit; or, it is characterized by lightening the counterweight The weight of the block is at least 1/3, or is reduced below the known weight, and the descending speed is increased above the known technology; or, when the polished rod descends to the bottom dead center, preliminary potential energy is generated; the bottom dead center refers to the downward dead point of the polished rod, After that, Guangxuan turned back up; the preliminary potential energy refers to using the downward potential energy of the light rod to do work to increase the weight or press the object to generate potential energy for the upward movement of the light rod; the maximum value of the preliminary potential energy can be the preliminary potential energy and the falling of the light rod Potential energy balance. Or, an oil pumping unit, which is characterized in that the weight block is fixed to the rear end of the beam, and performs circular motion with the beam; or, the weight block is suspended under the beam, and under the action of the beam, makes up and down straight lines motion. Or, the pumping unit is provided with a stop rope or a stop device; or, the weight block is lifted in the second half of the drop of the polished rod to generate preliminary potential energy.

5. An oil pumping unit, including a steel wire rope, characterized in that the steel wire rope is connected to corresponding parts through a connector; the connectors include a sleeve type, a tube filling type, a slip type, and a splint type; various connectors can be Used alone or in combination; The sleeve-type finger connector is tubular and is sleeved on a steel wire rope. After pressure is applied to the sleeve, the steel wire rope is squeezed in the sleeve and the two are connected; The steel wire rope is connected to the corresponding parts. Because the sleeve type connector is tightly connected with the steel wire rope, it is very strong, and the steel wire rope cannot be disengaged. Multiple sleeves can be connected together, and the sleeve can have multiple layers. The tube can be of different materials, and the inner sleeve can be made of soft material; the sleeve can be made of metal, plastic or synthetic material; the sleeve can be made of soft material, It is easy to deform and tightly connected to the wire rope. The length of the casing on the wire rope can be determined according to actual needs. If the required tensile force is large, the casing can be lengthened to increase the joint length with the wire rope; otherwise, it is short; the casing can be There is a seam or seamless pipe; there is only one wire rope in one or each eye of the casing to increase the contact area between the casing and the wire rope; the casing can be divided into multiple sections for easy production and increased bending performance; casing There can be steps, threads, and grooves on the outside for connection with corresponding parts; the casing can have a shape or structure corresponding to the surface of the wire rope to increase friction; multiple casings can be connected together, such as in a row, In this way, a plurality of steel wire ropes can be balancedly stressed; the tube filling type is similar to the sleeve type, except that there is a filler in the sleeve sleeved on the steel rope, and the sleeve is connected to the steel rope by the filler instead of The casing is compressed under pressure to tightly connect; the filling material in the casing can be metal, plastic, rubber, rosin, water glass, as long as the melting point is lower than the melting point of the casing and the wire rope. Materials with fixed connection strength can be selected, such as tin, zinc, etc. The filling material in the casing can also be cement slurry and adhesive; the inner wall of the casing can be provided with steps and grooves to increase the friction and increase the tension; The length of the tube depends on the requirements; the casing can have a structure connected to the corresponding parts, such as steps, threads, pin holes, etc .; a tube-filled connector can connect one wire rope, or multiple wire ropes can be connected; multiple Pipe-filled connectors can be connected together, such as in a row; fillers can be cold-filled, that is, squeezed under pressure; or hot-filled, that is, melted and poured into it; the melted filler will seep into the wire rope, dissolve Integrate into one to enhance the tensile strength;

The slip-on connector is similar to a drill bit connector of an electric drill, which is a part that is stuck by the drill bit; the slip-on connector refers to a connector having at least two movable slips, and the slips are semicircular or arc-shaped Shape, with 雉 degree, two semi-circular slips form a circular slip cone, the inner diameter of the slip cone is smaller than the diameter of the steel wire rope, at least a part of the shape of the slip cone, and the following half is cone-shaped or square-cone. There is a slip sleeve outside the slip, the slip sleeve hoops the slip from the periphery, the inner hole of the slip sleeve corresponds to the shape of the slip cone; the slip sleeve and the slip together hold the wire rope, and its structure can also be similar to automatic The slip of the pencil catches the lead; because the slip of the slip cone is a cone, and the slip sleeve is outside, the wire rope is tightened more and more in the slip; the slip can also be square, polygonal, oval, slip sleeve It also has the same structure and shape as the slip; it can also imitate the connector of the drill bit, and use the screw to fasten the slip sleeve to the slip, and the slip can clamp the wire rope without falling off; the slip can be made of soft materials, or in the slip Lined with soft material The contact area of the wire rope increases the tensile force; the length of the slip, which is the length of the wire rope held by the slip, can be determined according to the needs; the point of the slip of the slip sleeve on the slip can be in the middle of the slip, so that the ends of the slip are evenly stressed ; One slip sleeve can be set at each end of slip; one slip connector is connected to a steel wire rope; multiple slip ropes can be shared by one slip connector; multiple slip connectors can be connected together, such as In a row; slip sleeves can be round, square, square, box-shaped, restraining slips inside; the more the slips, the stronger the slip force is, the tighter the slips are; slip slips and slips There can be a sliding surface in between, and lubricating oil can be added to the sliding surface to make the slips tighten automatically. Of course, it can also be manually tapped and clamped. The splint-type connector has two splints, which clamp the steel wire rope from both sides respectively; the splint can be fastened with bolts; the splint can also be squeezed tight with a wedge card, and the wedge card can be between the plywood and the wire rope to make the wire rope more and more The wedge card can also be in the shape of a wheel, that is, a wedge wheel. The wedge wheel can move in a chute outside the splint. The chute has an inclined surface, which can make the wedge wheel slip tighter and tighter. This structure can be realized by the well-known curtain rope clamping structure and the medical injection tube clamping structure; the splint is plate-shaped, column-shaped, or semi-circular or other suitable shape; a pair of splints can hold multiple wire ropes; plywood There may be soft materials inside; The length of the steel wire rope clamped by the splint depends on the needs; Wedge card refers to wedge card, tapered, similar to slip;

The connector of the present invention may be a part of a corresponding part, or directly serve as a corresponding part; or, the steel wire rope is composed of an inner core and an outer layer, and the inner core is made of nylon, synthetic material, plastic, soft metal, or other materials alone or It is made by combination, and can be processed into ropes, such as nylon ropes and plastic ropes, and then used as the inner core of steel wire ropes; known steel wire ropes are used for the outer layer; that is, the known steel wire ropes have a soft inner core, which is flexible and easy to wind. The pulley rotates and has a strong tensile force;

Or, the wire rope has a non-slip end, and the non-slip end includes a U-shaped card, a return ring, and a sintered head; the U-shaped card refers to a well-known U-shaped bolt card; the return ring refers to the end of the wire rope fixed in a loop; sintered The head refers to the wire rope end processed at a high temperature, so that it has an end thicker than the diameter of the wire rope; the non-slip end can be used with the connector.

6. An oil pumping unit comprising a steel wire rope and a polished rod, which is characterized in that there is a soft material or / and an elastic material on the steel rope or between the steel rope and the steel rope connector; or, it is characterized in that between the polished rod and the polished rod connector There are flexible materials or / and elastic materials; the flexible materials may be flexible devices; the elastic materials may be elastic devices; the flexible materials may be made of soft metal, plastic, rubber, wood, etc. alone Or made of combination, such as tin, aluminum, lead, zinc and other soft metals; the role of soft materials is at least to regulate the distribution of force, avoid stress concentration, protect polished rods, wire ropes and related parts, increase the friction area, increase the force.

7. An oil pumping unit, characterized by having a flywheel energy storage device; said flywheel energy storage device is used to store power energy from an engine or / and gravity energy downward from a polished rod; said flywheel energy storage device is located at Between the engine and the polished rod, a directional rotation is maintained, and a device for receiving and outputting power is provided; there may be multiple flywheels, which may be double flywheels arranged in pairs; or, the flywheels are mounted on the engine shaft; The motor is equipped with a flywheel at one end of the shaft, or a flywheel at both ends to avoid stress concentration, provide transitional energy, and protect the wire rope and related components. During intermittent power supply, the flywheel can store energy, buffer, and assist effect.

8. An oil pumping unit according to claim 1, having an engine and a moving pulley or / and an axle for saving labor, characterized in that it is mounted on a vehicle and constitutes a mobile oil pumping unit; Similar to a car crane.

9. An oil pumping unit, which is characterized by a frame, a movable pulley, a steel wire rope, a winding rope wheel, and an engine. There may also be fixed pulleys and / or related accessories; the movable pulley is connected to the polished rod, the wire rope passes through the movable pulley, one end of the steel rope is connected to the rack, and the other end is connected to the rope reel. The rope reel receives engine power and drives the polished rod to move. Or, it is characterized by being composed of a frame, a movable pulley, a steel wire rope, a fixed pulley, a rear movable pulley, a rear steel rope, a reel pulley, and an engine. The movable pulley is connected to a polished rod, the steel rope passes through the movable pulley, and one end of the steel rope is connected to the frame. One end bypasses the fixed pulley, passes through the rear pulley, and then connects to the rack upward; the rear wire rope connects the rear pulley and the rope reel, and the rope reel receives the power of the engine to drive the polished rod movement; there can be shields around and above the polished rod To protect the movement of the polished rod and the movable pulley from accidental interference and contact; the shield can be fence-shaped, box-shaped, barrel-shaped, and can be a movable shield for easy removal; or, it is characterized by a rope reel; the roll A sheave refers to a wheel-like device that pulls and coils a steel wire rope; the rope reel has a force wheel, a reel, a rope groove, and a rope eye, The rope eye can be located on the reel to fix one end of the wire rope. The rope groove can be V-shaped, that is, the top is wide and the bottom is narrow. The width of the upper part of the rope groove can be less than 3 times the diameter of the rolled rope. The rope can be in the rope groove. Pre-roll a circle to generate sufficient friction and tension; the end of the wire rope in the rope groove may be provided with an L-shaped connector.

Or, a two-way oil pumping unit includes a motor and a steel wire rope, which is characterized in that the steel wire rope connects the sucker rods of two oil wells; the sucker rod includes a polished rod and a rope rod, and the polished rod is well known, and the rope rod is the steel wire rope pumping oil of the present invention Rod; The motor rotates reversibly and pulls the sucker rods of two oil wells in turn to pump oil;

Or, a beam pumping unit is characterized in that the movable pulley group at the rear end of the beam is installed in a vertical or horizontal direction with the beam. Each fixed pulley constitutes a pulley group. The movable pulley and the fixed pulley can be installed vertically or in different axial directions. The reel can simultaneously apply tension to both ends of the steel wire rope passing through the movable pulley. A counterweight or an accumulator can be connected to the beam;

All the technologies of the present invention can be used in combination, and can also be combined with known technologies, such as the known counterweight and energy storage technologies.

10. A pulley set, characterized in that the movable pulley and the fixed pulley are arranged axially perpendicularly, and the wire rope moves linearly on the wheel; or, the movable pulley and the fixed pulley are arranged in the same axial direction or near the same axial direction, and the wire rope can be straight on the wheel Or oblique movement; or, the movable pulley and the fixed pulley are arranged at an arbitrary angle; or, in a pulley group, there are multiple movable pulleys and fixed pulleys;

Compared with the known technology, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. Energy saving. The moving pulley can save more than half of the force, and the pulley set saves more energy, so it can save energy. Adjusting the motor speed can fully meet the speed requirements of the pumping unit. 1. The intermittent power supply method and device can save more energy. 3. The steel wire rope replaces all or part of the polished rod, which saves costs and improves performance. For example, the stroke can be increased without raising the derrick. 4. Efficient. Lightening or removing the weights will speed down the polished rod, which can improve efficiency. Two-way pumping units are more efficient. 5. The structure of various steel wire rope connectors is simple, low cost, safe and reliable. 6, polished rod protection device Can reduce costs and increase production. 7. Flywheel energy saving device saves more energy. 8. A variety of new structure methods for pulleys and pulley sets are provided. The structure is simple and easy to use. 9. The pumping unit of the present invention has a simple structure and can reduce the cost by more than 50%.

4. Description of the drawings and embodiments. The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings.

Figure 1-3 is the structure diagram of the beam-type movable pulley pumping unit

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the belt-type movable sliding pumping unit

Figure 5-6 is a structural diagram of a movable pulley pumping unit

Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a movable pulley pumping unit

Figure 8-9 is a structure diagram of a rope reel

Figures 10 and 11 are structural diagrams of a movable pulley pumping unit

Figures 12 and 13 are structural diagrams of wire rod smooth rod pumping units

Figures 14 and 15 are schematic diagrams of a movable pulley installed at the rear end of a beam

Figure 16-19 is a structural diagram of a movable pulley pumping unit

Figure 20-21 is a structural diagram of a movable pulley pumping unit

Figures 22-23 are schematic diagrams of the structure of an axle pumping unit

Figures 24-26 are structural diagrams of casing connectors of steel wire ropes

Figure 27-28 is a schematic diagram of a wire rope sleeve connector

Figure 29 is a schematic diagram of a wire rope sleeve connector

Figure 30—31 is a schematic diagram of a wire rope pipe filler connector

Figure 32 is a schematic diagram of a wire rope pipe filler connector

Figures 33-34 are schematic diagrams of a steel wire rope slip connector

Figure 35 is an assembly diagram of a steel wire slip connector

Figures 36, 37, and 38 are assembly diagrams of a wire rope plywood connector

Figure 39—41 are assembly diagrams of a wire rope plywood connector

Figure 42-44 is a schematic diagram of a two-way pumping unit

Figure 45-48 are structural diagrams of a pumping unit and a movable pulley

Figure 49-50 is a schematic diagram of a known pulley set

Figure 51-52 is the structure diagram of a pumping unit and pulley block

Figure 53-54 is a schematic diagram of a movable pulley set

1 to 3, the wheel 16 of the movable pulley 1 is located in a pulley frame. The movable pulley according to the present invention includes at least a pulley frame and wheels. The lower end of the movable pulley, that is, the pulley frame, is connected to the polished rod. The polished rod 2 is located in the wellhead 3. At the front of the beam 10, the wire ropes 9, 19 pass through the pulleys 16, 161, and the wire ropes 9, 91 are fixed on the diagonal brace 11, The other end is connected to the head 14 of the beam 10. 12 is a rack, and 5 is a bracket for a reel. The fixed pulley 1601 is movably connected to the base 4. The diagonal brace 11 is a frame component, and the frame has various forms, which will be described later. In FIG. 2, the moving pulley above the polished rod has two wheels 16 and 161 side by side, and two steel ropes 9 and 91 respectively hang the two wheels 16 and 161. There is also a movable pulley 100 at the rear of the beam 10, and the structure of the movable pulley 100 is the same as that of the movable pulley 1, except that the position is different. The movable hanging shaft 13 movably couples the movable pulley 100 with the beam 10; the rear end of the beam has a weight block 15, which is located on the beam or below. The rear wire rope 901 is fixed on the base 4 and passes through the wheel 1621 upwards, and then passes through the fixed pulley 1601, and then passes upward through the second wheel 162, and is then connected to the winding wheel 8 downward. The axial direction of the fixed pulley 1601 and the movable pulley 10Q are substantially the same, or they may be completely the same, and they are in the same plane. The fixed pulley 1601 is located between the two movable pulleys, and forms a pulley group with the movable pulley 100 together. The wire rope moves linearly on the wheels. The rope reel is a wheel that winds the rope. The rope reel of the present invention has at least the following characteristics: one is that the rope groove is narrow, so that the movement position of the wire rope is relatively stable; the other is that the rope groove can be in a "V" shape, so that the wire rope can fall into the groove; One is a wire rope and the other is a rope groove. The fourth is that the reel can have two endurance wheels, and the corresponding motor is also a two-end power wheel. The power is transmitted from the two end power wheels to the two end force wheels to make the reel work. The force receiving wheel can also be a gear, and the corresponding motor is also a gear. Fifth, the diameter of the force receiving wheel is larger than the diameter of the reel. Sixth, the rope reel can be directly mounted on the shaft of the motor, without the need for a transmission belt and other transmissions. Device, so the structure is simpler.

To standardize the terminology, the pulley rack referred to in the priority document is renamed the rack this time; the stand 12 is changed to the rack; the rack is the rack of the pumping unit. The pulley 16 is changed to the wheel 16; the pulley frame is a component of the pulley, and is a rack for installing the pulley wheel. The pulley seat referred to in the priority document was changed to a pulley stand.

The rope reel 8 is connected to the motor 6 by a belt 7 and transmits power. When the oil pumping unit pumps oil, the electric motor drives the rope reel to roll the wire rope 901, which drives the pulley 100, and pulls the downstream beam 10, so that the donkey head 14 is raised, the pulley 1 is raised, and the polished rod 2 is pumped. Since the steel wire ropes 9, 91 and the rear steel wire rope 901 transmit power through a movable pulley, energy can be saved and energy saving can be achieved. Raise the polished rod at the same height, and use the moving pulley to increase the travel of the donkey head 14. To this end, the frame 12 can be raised to increase the radius of the donkey head 14 and the arc. The beam pumping unit with this structure can save more than half of the energy and save more than half of the energy. If the donkey head 14 is uneasy to move the pulley, and only the rear movable pulley 100 is installed, the frame need not be raised. For example, it is known that the beam pumping machine uses a 30 kW motor, and the present invention only needs 15 kW. The up and down speed of the polished rod can be achieved by adjusting the rotation speed of the motor or / and adjusting the diameter of the power wheel and the force receiving wheel of the rope wheel or the diameter of the pulley. The motor rotates at a high speed, which can fully meet the needs of the speed of the polished rod when using the moving pulley. The present invention also reduces the equipment cost because it eliminates the need for well-known transmissions.

Figure 4. The belt pump 18 has a splint connector 17, and the splint connector 17 has two plate-shaped splints. The wire ropes 9, 91 and the belt 18 are connected. The two splints can be pressed and fixed with bolts to form Gripping force on the belt 18 and the wire ropes 9, 91. The rope head may also be provided with a soft material or / and The elastic material plays the role of increasing friction and fixing the rope head. For example, an aluminum pipe is used to cover the rope head, and pressure is applied to deform the aluminum pipe on the wire rope. Because the aluminum material is soft, it can fully contact the surface of the wire rope after deformation, which increases the friction with the wire rope, thus increasing Tensile strength. The binding force of the rope head is also increased, so that the rope head does not spread out, and the force on the rope head is uniform. The other ends of the steel wire ropes 9 and 91 in FIG. 4 are fixed on the top of the pumping unit frame, higher than the position reached when the movable pulley is raised.

Figures 5 and 6 The moving pulley 101 has only one wheel 16, which is a single-wheel moving pulley. Single wheels are not as labor-saving as multi-wheels, but the structure is simple and can also be used. The frame 20 is T-shaped, and its cross arm extends above the polished rod 2. The wire rope 9 passes through the wheel 16, and one end is connected to the cross arm of the frame 20, and the other end bypasses the fixed pulley 19 from the top of the frame, and then The wheel 162 bypassing the rear moving pulley 1011 is lowered, and then connected to the cross arm upward. One end of the rear wire rope 901 is connected to the rear pulley 1011, and the other end is connected to the reel. The dotted line on the rope reel 8 indicates that the diameter of the reel is smaller than that of the force-receiving wheel, so that the principle of the axle is used to save labor. The electric motor can adopt the intermittent power supply method. When power is supplied, the polished rod is pulled up; when power is cut off, the polished rod goes down by its own weight. The dotted line on the wire rope 9 indicates that the wire rope is broken.

FIG. 6 is an A-view of the single-action pulley 101 in FIG. 5. The single-wheel movable pulley is a type of movable pulley. The moving pulley on the polished rod is called the front moving pulley, and the moving pulley after the front moving pulley is called the rear moving pulley. Although the names and numbers of the front and rear moving pulleys are different, the structure can be exactly the same. The single-wheel moving pulleys 101 and 1011 in FIG. 5 can also be replaced with moving pulley 1 or other types of pulley sets. At this time, a wire rope 'fixing point and a fixed pulley need to be added to the frame 20. For example, the same wire rope fixing point and fixed pulley 19 as the front are added to the rear of the frame 20. The rear moving pulley 1011 also needs to add a wire rope 901 and a corresponding rope reel 8. The polished rod 1 is connected to the pulley frame of the movable pulley 101 and has a polished rod connector 21. On the polished rod connector, there is a buffer device between the polished rod and the pulley frame. The cushioning device may be a soft or / and elastic material, or it may be a soft or / and elastic device.

In Fig. 7, the cross arm of the frame 201 is triangular, which can increase the structural force and is beautiful. The top of the rack can have a top cover for sunshade and rain. The top cover may have a triangular roof shape. The moving pulley 101 is connected to the polished rod 2, the wire rope 9 passes through the pulley 16, passes around the fixed pulley 19 upward, and is directly connected to the rope reel 8 downward. The electric motor 6 can be intermittently powered. When the power is supplied, the polished rod is pulled up. When the power is cut off, the polished rod moves downward under its own weight, so it moves in a cyclic manner. The well-known intermittent power supply method and device and intermittent motion method and device can be applied to the present invention directly or indirectly. A weight block can also be connected to the wire rope 9 above the rope reel 8.

8 and 9, the reeling wheel 8 has a reel 22, the end of the wire rope can be inserted into the eye 23, and the bundle is wound on the reel 22 and in the rope groove 24. The diameter of the force receiving wheel 25 is larger than the diameter of the reel 22, which saves labor. The diameter of the force-receiving wheel 25 in FIG. 9 is similar to that of the reel 22. Although this does not save effort, the polished rod can be pulled into place within half a circle or one circle. The larger the diameter of the reel, the longer the circumference. The rope reel is very versatile and can be used with any pumping unit with a wire rope structure. The rope reel can have a center axis at the center of the circle, and the reel 22 can be axially positioned on the center axis. Displacement or / and radial rotation, using a well-known ratchet structure, when the engine is stopped, the polished rod falls, and the reel 22 rotates in the reverse direction. When the engine is running, the ratchet structure makes the reel 22 rotate forward along with the center shaft, and pulls up the light pestle to suck oil. The reversing of the reel can also be realized by using the motor reversing technology. Any known commutation technology can be used in the present invention for reversing the winding rope wheel. Or, the force-receiving wheel of the rope reel, also called the driven wheel, can rotate freely on the shaft of the rope-reel. Using the car's fork shift technology, the force-receiving wheel and the reel can be disconnected or connected. The reel can be freely reversed by itself, and the force wheel does not move; when connected, the force wheel drives the reel to rotate together. Or conversely, the reel can be disengaged from the force-bearing wheel on the shaft, and can be slid relative to the axial direction or can rotate freely independently. When the two are disengaged, the polished rod goes down and the reel can rotate independently. When connected, the force wheel drives the reel and pulls up the polished rod. The disengagement or connection of the force wheel and the reel can use the known fork technology. A fork can be installed on the wire rope or the movable pulley. When the polished rod is lifted into place, the fork is triggered to release. When the polished rod is lowered into place, the fork triggers the connection. , Can be realized by known techniques.

Figures 10 and 11, the frame 27 is in the shape of a door frame, stands beside the polished rod, the movable pulley 101 is connected to the polished rod, and the wire rope passes through the wheel 16, the head is fixed on the frame, and the other end is connected with the rope reel 8 and the rope reel After winding up at least one stack, it is connected to the weight 150 again. The rope reel 8 and the motor 6 are located on the top of the frame 27, and the bridge 26 plays a role of widening. The rope reel is located above the polished rod, and there is no need for a fixed pulley, and the pumping unit with this structure is simpler. The broken line in FIG. 10 indicates that the beam of the pulley frame 27 can be extended. When pumping oil, the motor drives the reel 8 and pulls the start pulley 101 to raise the polished rod to pump oil. Then, when the motor is powered off, the polished rod descends under its own weight, which drives the pulley to move downward together, and the weight 150 rises. A soft rope 1501 is connected under the weight 150. When the polished rod descends to a certain position, the soft rope 1501 is straightened. Prevent the polished rod from descending, prepare for the engine to pull the polished rod, and then pull the polished rod together with the engine and the weight 150. The soft rope 1501 can also be a crank link structure or a two-way articulated link, as long as it can pull the polished rod and allow the weight block 150 to descend freely. The motor is reversed by the gravity of the polished rod. The motor is powered intermittently to save power. The method of intermittent power supply can use well-known technologies, such as computer software program control, electronic pulse control, electric distribution board technology, and so on. The rope reel can also work on the ground. The wire rope can pass continuously through two fixed pulleys to avoid the wellhead. The structure of this kind of pumping unit is simple, the cost is low, and the cost can be reduced by more than 50%.

In Figures 12 and 13, the sucker rod 28 is made of wire rope, also called a rope rod, instead of a polished rod. The benefits are at least: 1. Flexible. It can be wound directly on the moving pulley or on the reel. 2, can reduce the height of the rack. Because the sucker rod 28 is flexible, it does not need to be at the same height as the stroke, no matter how long the stroke is. 3. Long service life, low cost, steel wire rope is stronger and more durable than polished rod, and the cost is lower. 4. The structure is simple and easy to use. The steel wire can be without joints. It is known that there are many knots in the polished rod, which is inconvenient to use. 5. Energy saving. Due to the flexibility, the friction between the sucker rod 28 and the well wall is small, thus saving energy and energy. The frame 29 is horizontal, and one end extends to the wellhead, and the other end is fixed on the machine base 51. The sucker rod 28 bypasses the fixed pulley and is connected to the movable pulley 101. The wire rope 9 passes through the wheel 16-the head is fixed on the machine base 51 and the other end is connected with the rope reel 85. Reeling wheel 85 It is similar to the rope reel 8 except that it is geared. The single-dotted line in the figure indicates the gear. When pumping oil, the electric motor 6 drives the rope reel 8 ⁵ , pulls the wire rope 9, the movable pulley 101 moves to the right, and the sucker rod 28 rises to complete the pumping action. Then, the motor is powered off, the sucker rod 28 descends under its own weight, pulls the pulley 101 to move to the left, and the wire rope 9 is released and extended from the rope reel 85 to bring the sucker rod down to complete the downward movement. Then the motor receives power and starts a new operation. One round of oil pumping, and so on. The operation process of the intermittent pumping unit is roughly the same, and the principle is the same.

The machine base 51 can be divided into two layers, the upper layer is a movable turntable 30, and the frame 20 can be changed in direction to facilitate wellhead operation. The pumping unit of the present invention can also be mounted on a vehicle, imitating a car crane, to become a mobile pumping unit, and its power can be provided by the internal combustion engine on the vehicle. The position of the rope reel 85 can also be raised to the same horizontal position as the movable pulley 101.

Figures 14 and 15 are schematic diagrams of a rear moving pulley of a beam pumping unit and its installation structure. There are two rear-moving pulleys 32 connected to the tailstock 31 by a shaft. The tail stock 31 has two splints. Clamped on the tail of the beam 10. A steel wire rope 901 is wound on the movable pulley 32, and one end is connected to the base and the other end is connected to the rope pulley. This kind of movable pulley can be easily installed on the tail of the well-known beam pumping unit, which has the effect of saving energy.

Figure 16-19. The movable pulley pumping unit is composed of a frame, a movable pulley, a fixed pulley, a wire rope, a coiled rope pulley, and an engine. The moving pulley 1 is connected to the polished rod 2. One end of the steel wire ropes 9 and 91 is fixed to the frame, and the other end passes through the wheel 16 and passes through the fixed pulley 19 and is connected to the moving pulley 111. The difference between the movable pulley 1 and the movable pulley 111 is that the pulley frame is different and the wheels are arranged differently, but the wheels 16 are the same. The wire rope 901 passes through the wheel 16 of the movable pulley 111, the head is fixed on the rear beam of the frame 202, and the other end passes around the rear fixed pulley 191 and is connected with the rope pulley 801. There are four steel wire ropes connected to the rear moving pulley 111, of which two are the steel wire rope 9 and the rear steel wire rope 901. There are four steel wire ropes connected to the movable pulley 1, the two in the middle are the steel wire ropes 9, 91, the two on the side and the four steel wire ropes 911 are connected to the two weight blocks 150 at the back. The front of the wire rope 911 is directly connected to the pulley frame of the movable pulley 1. There are four fixed pulleys 19 side by side, and four rear fixed pulleys 191 are also side by side, all of which are arranged coaxially.

The difference between the steel wire rope 9 and the rear steel wire rope 901 is that they have different functions, and their structures and specifications can be the same. When pumping oil, the electric motor 6 drives the reel pulley 801, pulls the rear pulley 111 and the front pulley 1 to move, and raises the polished rod 2 to suck oil. When the polished rod rises to the top, the intermittent power supply mechanism stops supplying power to the motor 6. Guangxuan relies on gravity to move downward, and pulls two moving pulleys and weights to move together. When the descending position is in place, the soft rope 1501 pulls the polished rod, and the polished rod cannot continue to descend. The intermittent power supply mechanism supplies power to the motor 6 to start the next round of operation. The electric motor is also the engine. This pumping unit has two pulley sets, which can save more energy and save more energy. The difference between the movable pulley 1 in FIG. 17 and the movable pulley 1 in FIG. 2 is that a wire rope 911 is connected to the pulley frame in FIG. 17, and the wire rope 911 is connected to the weight 150. FIG. 17 is a left side view of FIG. 16, and only the frontmost movable pulley 1 and related components are shown in the figure, and the rest are omitted and not shown. Fig. 19 is a right side view of Fig. 16, showing only the most The latter structure is omitted. FIG. 18 is a plan view of FIG. 16.

In Figures 20 and 21, the movable pulley 1 is connected to the polished rod 2. Two wire ropes 9 pass through the movable pulley 1 and one end is fixed to the frame 33. The horizontal axis 3 is also the axis of the fixed pulley. The other ends of the two steel ropes 9 are connected to the movable pulley 111. The front structure of the left view of FIG. 20 is similar to that of FIG. 17. The wire rope 901 passes through the wheel 16 of the movable pulley 111, the head of which is fixed on the base, and the other end is connected with the rope reel 802. The receiving wheel of the rope reel 802 is in the middle, and the concave portion in the middle is a belt groove. When pumping oil, the electric motor 6 drives the reel 802, pulls the rear movable pulley 111 and the movable pulley 1, and raises the polished rod to suck oil. When going down, the electric motor is powered off, and the polished rod goes down by gravity, and pulls pulley 1 and rear pulley 111 together with the weight to move. The motor reverses. It is also possible to loosen the belt 7 or disengage the transmission wheel using known techniques such as tensioning wheels. Rewind the reel as it moves downward with the polished rod. A ratchet structure can also be used to disengage the force wheel of the rope reel 802 from the reel. Many of these techniques are known and available. The structure of Fig. 20 can also be mounted on a car and becomes a mobile pumping unit. It can also be rotated as shown in Figure 13 to facilitate wellhead operations and to pump oil from another nearby well. In Fig. 20, another frame can be arranged symmetrically at the rear end of the frame 33, and oil can be pumped at both ends. It is also possible to hang weights on opposite racks. At the same time, when pumping oil to two wells, of course, do not use counterweights, so that the polished rod can go down quickly, improve punch times, and improve efficiency. The smooth rods of the two pumping units are connected by wire ropes, which are counterweights to each other. When the downhole smooth rods descend, their gravity assists the engine to lift the second polished rods and vice versa.

Figures 22 and 23 show a type of axle pumping unit. The diameter of the large wheel 34 is much larger than that of the reel 803, but the driving wheel on the motor 6 is very small, which saves a lot of energy and saves energy. The pumping unit can use a wire rope polished rod, a known polished rod, or a pulley. Can use intermittent power supply technology.

In Figure 24-26, the sleeve 35 is a wire rope connector, which is tubular, and can be a pipe with a seam, a seamless pipe, or a pipe with a seam can be left unconnected. The sleeve is made of metal, and it can be made of soft metal, such as aluminum, zinc, tin, etc. It can also be made of hard metal, but the tube needs to be lined with a soft material to increase the contact area with the wire rope. In Fig. 26, there are four connectors combined into one body. Each pipe is connected with a steel wire rope, and the four steel wire ropes can be fixedly connected at the same time. The sleeve 35 may be long or short, as required. The casing 35 is sleeved on the steel wire rope, and the casing 35 is pressed, the casing 35 is deformed, and is in close contact with the steel rope, and is fixed on the steel rope. Soft materials such as rubber, plastic, and soft metals such as soft aluminum and tin can be added to the sleeve. It is possible that the inner layer is a soft material, the outer layer is a sub-soft material, and the outer layer is harder than the inner layer.

Figures 27 and 28. Connector 36 is a half-piece sleeve and half-solid with thread. The sleeve is used to connect with the wire rope, and the thread is used to connect with related parts. The connector 36 can only be used at the end of the wire rope.

Figure 29. The outer sleeve 37 has steps inside and is made of metal. The sleeve 35 is made of a soft material. The outer sleeve 37 may be provided with connection devices and structures such as threads, 'grooves, eyelets, etc., which are connected to related parts. The outer sleeve 37 or the sleeve 35 is pressed to fix it on the wire rope. Figure 29 shows a half of a circular sleeve to show the structure. 30, 31, tubular fill tube 38, shown in FIG. ³⁰ a longitudinal cross-sectional center with a step, i.e. filling pipe ³⁸ - hole large head, a small hole, so that the filler can not leak, beautiful. Pipe filling can also be the same structure as the casing, but it is thicker than the casing and is used to hold the packing. There are also bumps and grooves in the filled tube ³⁸ to increase the contact surface with the filler and increase the tensile strength. Figure 31 shows one half of a circular tube.

Fig. 32 shows a part of a circular tube-filled connector to show the structure. The filling tube 39 is similar in structure to the filling tube 38, except that an extra end is provided. The end has a hole and a slot for connecting with related parts. Between the steel wire rope 41 and the filling tube 39, there is a cement filler ⁴⁰ , which can also be other fillers, such as an adhesive. A metal with a low melting point, such as tin, can also be plastic, water glass, rosin, and the like. Because the filler connects the filler pipe with the wire rope, it will not come off. The filler tube 39 may also be tubular without a tip, and can be fixed in the middle of the steel rope. ·

Figure 33, 34, 35, and slip 42 have a semi-circular cone shape, and the inner shape corresponds to the structure of the wire rope. The slip 42 may be composed of two semicircles, or may be composed of two or more parts. Figure 35 shows a half of the circular slip connector to show the structure. The slip hole ⁴ 3 has an inner hole corresponding to the shape of the slip, which is inclined to facilitate clamping the slip 42. The slip sleeve 43 is also provided with a flange or a step to strengthen the strength of the nozzle. Or facilitate connection with related parts. The steel wire rope has a sintering head 410. The sintering head can be processed by a tool such as a floating gun. The sintering head is thicker than the wire rope to increase the tensile strength. Because the slip 42 is in a cone shape, when the wire rope 41 generates a pulling force, the slip will be pulled tighter and tighter. The slip 42 may also contain a soft material to increase friction.

Figure 36-38, the clamping plate 44 has bolt holes 46. FIG. 38 is a top view of FIG. 37 with a groove, the groove corresponding to the shape of the wire rope or the sleeve 35, and the wire rope or the sleeve 35 is stuck. Bolts 45 clamp the wire rope from both sides. The splint 44 may have only a single clamping slot and only a single wire rope. The splint 44 may be plate-shaped, column-shaped, or semi-circular.

Figures 39-41, the splint sleeve 47 has a square shape, a funnel shape, and the splint 48 has a block cone. Fig. 40 is a left side view of Fig. 39. The dashed line in the figure indicates the wall thickness. The right view of Figure 41 is the same as Figure 38. The splint 48 has two pieces, which are arranged opposite each other in the splint sleeve to clamp the wire rope. The big head of the splint 48 can be hit with a hammer to squeeze it into the splint sleeve and clamp the wire rope. A soft material may be filled in the inner layer of the splint 48. Since the splint can slide to the small opening in the splint sleeve, the tighter the wire rope will be, the tighter it will become.

Figure 42, 43, 44. The two-way pumping unit can take turns pumping oil from two oil wells that are close to each other. In Figure 42, there is one oil well on the left and one on the left and one set of movable pulleys 1, respectively. The frames 33 are arranged on the left and right, and are arranged symmetrically. There is a platform 335 between the two frames, which connects the left and right frames, 4 is the working surface, and increases the structural force. The platform is the base of the motors 61 and 611. FIG. 43 is a left and right view of FIG. 42, which is symmetrical left and right and has the same structure. Figure 44 Symmetry of left and right, up and down, shows that the structure of the two-way pumping unit can be left and right, front and back symmetrical, and the structure is the same. The motor 611 and the rope reel 804 are on the same axis as the fixed pulley 19. Motors 61, 611 and ordinary motors 6 The difference lies in that a rope reel 804 is installed on the same shaft of the motors 61 and 611. Two-way pumping units are equipped with motors 61 and 611, one at each end and one in the middle. Either one or two can be removed, and only one or two can be left. The pumping unit can also be completed, but the power is different. In the figure, two moving pulleys 1 are connected to the polished rods 2 of two wells respectively. One end of the steel wire rope 9 is connected to the platform 335, the other end passes through the wheel 16 downward, and then winds up a circle on the rope reel 804 of the motor 611. Then, It is connected to the other end, passes through the wheel 16 of the other movable pulley 1, and is connected to the platform 335 upward. The pumping unit is symmetrical to the left and right, the structure of the two ends is exactly the same, only the working wells are different. The two ends of the steel wire rope 911 on both sides are respectively connected to the movable pulleys 1 on both sides of the frame, which play the role of mutual counterweight and remove the weights. When pumping oil, the three motors rotate in one direction at the same time, lifting the smooth rod on one end to suck oil; then change the direction, and then rotate in the other direction at the same time, lifting the smooth rod on the other end to suck oil. There may be only one motor 61 in the middle, and the rope winding wheels 804 at both ends may become the fixed pulley 19. The frame 33 can also be separated from the left and right, and erected separately, so that two wells that are far apart can take turns pumping oil.

Figure 45-48, Figure 45 is a movable pulley 112, which has two wire ropes 9011, which can be connected to the head of the donkey, and contains four wheels 16 inside. Figure 46 Youliang pumping unit has a donkey head on each end of the beam, ie donkey head 14, and write account 141 at the back. The function of the rear donkey head can at least keep the wire rope 9011 and the movable pulley 112 moving straight up and down, so that the force is reasonable. A moving pulley 112 and three fixed pulleys 192, 1920, and 1921 form a pulley group.

One movable pulley and three fixed pulleys 192, 1920, and 1921 are arranged at an axial perpendicular angle to each other, and may be arranged at any angle. The fixed pulleys 192 and 1920 are on the right side of the movable pulley 112, that is, outside the pumping unit. The fixed pulley 1921 is on the left side of the movable pulley 112, that is, the inner side of the pumping unit, and is opposite to the fixed pulleys 192 and 1920. The fixed pulleys 192, 1920, and 1921 are movably connected to the ground or the base or the frame, and can also be fixedly connected. The movable connection can make the fixed pulley automatically adjust the position and angle with the direction of the force, and align the direction of the force to make the force reasonable. Since the movable pulley 112 has 4 wheels, 3 fixed pulleys are required below. In this way, the movable pulley 112 and the fixed pulleys 192, 1920, and 1921 can be used to form a pulley group with a wire rope. FIG. 47 is an enlarged view of the pulley set of FIG. 46. Fig. 48 is a right side view of Fig. 46, showing only the outer layer structure and omitting other structures. Figure ^ adds a rope reel 805, the rope reel 805 has a bracket 5. Figure 46 does not draw the reel in order to show the structure. The wire rope 901 is fixed at the left end of the reel of the rope reel 805, and the left end is the left side as shown in the figure, that is, the side near the force receiving wheel. After the wire rope is fixed on the reel, it passes upward through the first pulley on the left side of the movable pulley 112, and then downwards through the fixed pulley 192. The axial direction of the fixed pulleys 192, 1920, and 1921 and the movable pulley 112 are arranged at an axial perpendicular angle, and may also be arranged at any angle. The diameters of the fixed pulleys 192, 1920, and 1921 are close to the interval center distance of the pulleys on the movable pulley 112. The advantage is that the wire rope can move linearly on the pulleys. The distance between the fixed pulleys 192, 1920, and 1921 is determined according to the diameter of the wheel 16 of the movable pulley 112 and related requirements. After the wire rope passes through the fixed pulley 192, it goes up through the second pulley on the left side of the movable pulley 112, and then goes down, through the fixed pulley 1921, and then up through the right side of the movable pulley 112 The second pulley of the second pulley passes through the fixed pulley IO downwards, and then passes through the first pulley on the right side of the movable pulley 112, and then is fixed downward on the reel of the reel, so that the two ends of a wire rope 901 are fixed at On the rope reel, three moving pulleys and three fixed pulleys are passed through to form a pulley group. In theory, the labor saving can reach more than 80. Since the steel wire rope is divided into 8 sections to bear the pulling force of the lifting rod together, the steel wire rope can be relatively thin. Both ends of the steel wire rope are connected to the rope winding wheel, which can shorten the one-way stroke of the steel wire rope 901, speed up the speed, and evenly distribute the tension, reduce the stress concentration of the steel wire rope, and avoid damage to the steel wire rope. Of course, one end of the steel wire rope 901 can also be connected to the base or the pulley frame, and the winding rope wheel only pulls one end to complete the work of lifting the polished rod. Rolling means winding and pulling to generate tension by winding

In the structure of Fig. 46, the rear end of the travel beam can also be appropriately lengthened, that is, the length on the right side is increased, so that the power arm of the lever is lengthened, which is more labor-saving. Since the rope reel of the present invention can roll a very long steel wire rope, the movable stroke of the beam can be increased, which is conducive to saving energy and energy, and increasing the polished rod stroke.

Figure 48a is a schematic diagram of the position of the fixed pulley. From the perspective of transmission, the position structure of the fixed pulleys 192, 1920, and 1921 on the base is drawn. The fixed pulleys 192, 1920, and 1921 have a triangular distribution, with 192 and 1920 on one side, and 1921. On the other side, it is located in the middle of the opposite sides of 192 and 1920. The base can be a metal plate, a metal frame, a concrete base, and three fixed pulleys can be fixed.

The fixed pulleys 192, 1920, and 1921 can be well-known pulleys, and their structure is similar to that of the movable pulley 112, except that in the pulley frame, the former has only one wheel, the latter has four wheels, and the four wheels are coaxial. This structure can also form a movable movable pulley set, which is used in any place where the pulley set is needed. Such as tower cranes used in building construction, underground hoisting of coal mines, etc. The fixed pulleys 192, 1920, and 1921 can be arranged on the same base and connected as a whole, and form a pulley group with the movable pulley 112. In practice, the functions of the movable pulley and the fixed pulley are interchangeable, that is, the fixed pulley can be used as a movable pulley, and the movable pulley can also be fixed. When the fixed pulley is used, according to the actual situation, determine which group is used as the fixed pulley and which group is used as the fixed pulley. . For example, the fixed pulley 112 is fixed to be a fixed pulley, and the fixed pulleys 192, 1920, and 1921 become moving pulleys for lifting heavy objects. Therefore, the functions of the two can be transformed. It is also possible that both are moving pulleys, and the position of the reel is fixed, so that two heavy objects move closer to the middle with the two sets of moving pulleys. The rope reel can also be another power-acting device, as long as the wire rope can be pulled and released. The structure of the rope reel 805 is similar to the structure of the aforementioned rope reel, except that its reel is longer.

The wire rope 9011 connects the rear donkey head 141 and the movable pulley 112, and the movable pulley 112 can approach the donkey head upward to increase the stroke of the movable pulley and thereby increase the polished rod stroke.

In Figure 46, an upper link 1511 on the upper part of the counterweight 151 is movably connected to the beam 1 Q, and a lower link 1512 on the lower part is movably connected to the ground or the base. Both the upper and lower links can be replaced by wire ropes. When the polished rod descends into position, it is pulled by the upper and lower links and cannot continue to descend. At this time, the motor starts to work and pulls the pulley 112. Raise the polished rod. It can also connect the stop rope directly on the rear "head 141 or the beam 10, instead of the weight 151 and the upper and lower links. The stop rope refers to the wire rope that moves down the light stop. When the light down goes to the set position, the stop The moving rope pulls it from the back of the beam, stops it, and prepares for the next step of lifting the polished rod. The counterweight 151 can be lifted in the final stage of the falling of the polished rod to generate preliminary potential energy.

Figures 49 and 50 are front and left views of a known pulley set, which is a type of pulley set composed of multiple pulleys made up of large and small wheels.

Figure 51, 52 The rear of the beam of the pumping unit is provided with three movable pulleys 101 in sequence, and there are two fixed pulleys 1011 below. The advantages of this type of pulley group are at least: The force direction is the same, and the wheels move in a straight line, which can improve energy efficiency and reduce damage to the rope. As the moving pulley 101 and the fixed pulley 1011, a known single-wheel pulley can be used. The structure is similar to that of Figs. In FIG. 51, one end of the wire rope 9G1 is connected to the rope reel 8, and after passing through three movable pulleys 101 and two fixed pulleys 1011, the other end is fixed to the ground, or it can be fixed to a beam or other fixed object. The pulley set of FIG. 51 and the following FIG. 53 can also use the door frame-shaped frame 27 as shown in FIG. 10, and the motor can be located on the ground.

FIG. 52 is a schematic diagram of the external structure on the right side after the rope reel 8 is removed in FIG. 51. The movable pulley 101 is suspended under the travel beam 10 and is arranged in the same axial direction as the fixed pulley 1011. The wire rope 901 is connected up and down.

In FIG. 53, a movable pulley 103 is provided at the rear end of the beam, and the movable pulley 103 is movably connected to the beam with four wheels 16. The movable pulley is similar to the movable pulley 1 in FIG. 2, except that two wheels 16 are added. The corresponding fixed pulley 1031 is fixed on the ground, and the three wheels are on the same plane and fixed on the pulley frame. One end of the steel wire rope 901 is connected to the rope reel 8 and passes through the four pulleys of the movable pulley 103 and the three wheels of the movable pulley 1031 in order, and then the other end is fixedly connected to the ground. The stop rope 1501 connects the beam to the ground. When the smooth rod descends into place, the stop rope pulls the beam to prevent the smooth rod from continuing to descend, preparing the engine for lifting the smooth rod. The ¾ horizontal line in the middle of the stop rope 1051 in the figure indicates the interruption, and not all are drawn. The movable pulley 103 and the fixed pulley 1031 can be arranged along the traveling beam as shown in the figure, or can be arranged horizontally, that is, perpendicular to the traveling beam, or arranged at any angle with the traveling beam. In the figure, the pulley frame of the movable pulley 103 and the fixed pulley 1031 is cut away to show the internal structure. The wheels of 103 and 1031 should be as close as possible to save costs, reduce volume, and facilitate force transmission. It is also possible to install a shelf on the beam and install the movable pulley 103 above the beam to increase the height. The movable pulley 103 can be used in a door frame-shaped frame as shown in FIG. 10. The wire rope is connected to the polished rod, passes through the fixed pulley above the polished rod, and is connected to the movable pulley 103. The steel wire rope can be continuously passed through multiple fixed pulleys, and then connected to the movable pulley 103, so that there is enough space around the polished rod. It is also possible to use a type of relay pulley set, that is, the pulley frame of the next movable pulley is connected to the power end of the wire rope of the previous movable pulley. The tension generated by the latter movable pulley is the power of the previous movable pulley. The rope reel, of course, the last moving pulley is pulled by the engine and the rope reel.

In FIG. 54, a fixed pulley 193 is connected to the bridge plate 261, and the bridge plate 261 is similar to the bridge plate 26 of FIG. 10. Like. The moving pulley 1120 is connected to the polished rod 2. One end of the wire rope 9 is fixed on the bridge plate 261. It passes through the wheels of the moving pulley and the fixed pulley in sequence, and is connected to the rope pulley 8. Then it is connected to the weight 150 downward. Moving rope 1501. The structure of the moving pulley 1120 is similar to that of FIG. 45, except that 112 in FIG. 45 is connected to the easy-to-head 141, 1120 in FIG. It can be seen in the figure that the wire rope 9 is connected obliquely between the movable pulley and the fixed pulley. The moving pulley 1120 and the fixed pulley 193 are arranged in the same axial direction, and the structure of the two is very similar, except that the number of wheels is different. There are four 1120 and three 193. In order to prevent the wire rope 9 from slipping on the wheels, the wheels 16, 161 should be wider and have wider rope grooves, so that the wire rope does not fall off, and the frictional force when the wire rope is in motion is small. Wheels 16 and 161 should be as close as possible with a small distance to facilitate the linear movement of the wire rope and improve energy efficiency.

Intermediate gears can be used. Using known techniques, the intermediary gears can be disengaged and engaged between the engine and the main and driven wheels of the reel, so that the force wheel of the reel can leave the transmission wheel of the engine in the reverse direction when the polished rod goes down. When going up, the intermediary gear is combined between the force wheel and the transmission wheel, and the rope reel rotates in the forward direction, pulling the polished rod. Intermediate gears, intermittent power supply and other technologies can be used in combination. All the techniques of the present invention can be applied in part or in whole.

Claims

Claim

1. An oil pumping unit comprising a beam, which is characterized in that a movable pulley or / and a pulley set is installed at the rear end of the beam, a wire rope passes through the movable pulley, one end of the wire rope is fixed on a fixed object below the movable pulley, and the other end is connected with the rope pulley, The rope reel is driven by an engine; the fixed objects include a pulley frame, a base, a frame, a ground facility, etc .; or, it is characterized in that the movable pulley or / and the pulley group is connected to a polished rod, the wire rope passes through the movable pulley, and one end is fixed above the movable pulley The other end of the rack is connected to the donkey head at the front end of the beam, and the head pulls the pulley to rise; or, it is characterized in that both ends of the beam are equipped with movable pulleys and / or pulley sets;

Or, an oil pumping unit, which is characterized by being provided with a movable pulley or / and a pulley set for saving energy and energy.

2. The pumping unit according to claim 1, wherein the movable pulley is located above or below the rear end of the beam, and can be movably connected to the beam; the movable pulley installed on the beam has a rotating shaft.

3. The pumping unit according to claim 1, characterized in that intermittent power is supplied to the motor; or, it is provided with intermittent power supply means.

4. The pumping unit according to claim 1, wherein the smooth rod is composed of a steel wire rope; or, at least part of the smooth rod is composed of a steel wire rope; and the steel rope may be provided with an outer cover.

5. The pumping unit as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the wire rope is connected to the corresponding parts through a connector; the connector includes a sleeve type, a tube filling type, a slip type, and a splint type; various connections Can be used alone or in combination.

6. The pumping unit according to claim 1, characterized in that there is a soft material or / and an elastic material on the steel wire rope or between the steel wire rope and the steel wire rope connector; or, between the light pole and the light pole connector There is a soft material or / and an elastic material; the soft material may be a soft device; the elastic material may be an elastic device.

7. The oil pumping unit according to claim 1, further comprising a flywheel energy storage device; said flywheel energy storage device is used to store power energy from the engine or / and gravity energy downward from the polished rod.

8. The pumping unit according to claim 1, wherein the pumping unit is provided with a movable pulley or / and a wheel axle for saving energy and energy, and is mounted on the vehicle to constitute a mobile pumping unit.

9. The oil pumping unit according to claim 1, comprising a frame, a movable pulley and / or a pulley block, a wire rope, a rope pulley, an engine, and further a fixed pulley or / and related accessories.

10. The pumping unit according to claim 1, wherein the movable pulley and the fixed pulley are arranged axially perpendicularly, and the wire rope moves linearly on the wheel; or, the movable pulley and the fixed pulley are arranged in the same axial direction or close to the same axial direction, The wire rope can move linearly or diagonally on the wheels; or, the movable pulley and the fixed pulley are arranged at any angle; or, in a pulley group, there are multiple movable pulleys and fixed pulleys.