WO2005096426A1 - Device and method for cooling the power module of a fuel cell - Google Patents
Device and method for cooling the power module of a fuel cell Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005096426A1 WO2005096426A1 PCT/FR2005/050140 FR2005050140W WO2005096426A1 WO 2005096426 A1 WO2005096426 A1 WO 2005096426A1 FR 2005050140 W FR2005050140 W FR 2005050140W WO 2005096426 A1 WO2005096426 A1 WO 2005096426A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- heat transfer
- transfer fluid
- cooling
- circuit
- heat
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device and a method for cooling a power module of a fuel cell, notably equipping a motor vehicle.
- Fuel cells allow the generation of electricity by an electrochemical reaction between an anode element and a cathode element, and are known to supply energy to electric motors of electrically propelled vehicles.
- Fuel cells require a fuel supply consisting of a hydrogen-rich gas.
- Power can be supplied, in the case of an application to a transport vehicle, by storing hydrogen in an on-board tank. Storing hydrogen on board a vehicle, however, presents dangers and requires high mass tanks.
- An interesting solution consists in manufacturing the hydrogen in situ from a fuel easily stored in the vehicle, such as ethanol or petrol, by means of a reformer.
- the amount of water required to transform the fuel and produce hydrogen is significant. Under these conditions, for a fuel cell to be usable in the case of an application to a transport vehicle, it is essential that the volume of water consumed by the fuel cell is less than or equal to the volume of produced water. In other words, it is essential that the water balance of the fuel cell be positive. Fuel cells require a supply of hydrogen and compressed air. Before introducing these gases into the cell, it is necessary to cool them to the temperature operating mode of the battery in order to avoid condensation which could cause a malfunction, and to prevent drying of the membrane of the battery. Known from US patent application 2002/000 4152, a device for cooling a fuel cell and the hydrogen and air supplying respectively the cathode and the anode of said cell.
- Patent application EP-A-0 741 428 provides a device for cooling a fuel cell comprising a main circuit of pure deionized water, passing through the fuel cell, and equipped with a heat exchanger through which the first fluid flows. of the main circuit and by a second fluid from a secondary circuit capable of cooling the first fluid.
- the secondary circuit also includes a means capable of heating the second fluid during the cold start of the fuel cell so that it quickly reaches its optimum operating temperature.
- Such a device has the drawback of not providing for cooling of any element other than the fuel cell and requires specific means in order to ensure rapid heating of the fuel cell during a cold start phase. .
- the object of the present invention is to provide a device for cooling a power module comprising a fuel cell making it possible to ensure in a simplified and particularly efficient manner the cooling of the components of the power module of the fuel cell.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a device for cooling a power module of a fuel cell, making it possible in particular to value the heat generated by the power module, when the power module serves as an auxiliary to the main unit of a vehicle with a conventional combustion engine, for preheating the combustion engine and heating the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
- the cooling device of a power module comprising a fuel cell for a motor vehicle provided with a powerplant equipped with a cooling circuit, comprises a main circuit of heat transfer fluid passing through components of the module and an auxiliary heat transfer fluid circuit, bypassed on the main circuit, passing through other components of the power module.
- the device further comprises a heat coupling exchanger through which the heat transfer fluid and a coolant for the cooling circuit of the powertrain.
- the device With such a device, it is also possible to use the heat generated in the power module, in particular when the power module serves as an auxiliary to the main unit of a vehicle with a conventional thermal engine, to preheat or maintain the hot engine for the purpose of reducing overconsumption and engine emissions during cold starting.
- the device also has the advantage of comprising a fuel cell cooling circuit dissociated from the circuit. powertrain cooling. It is thus possible to use a heat transfer fluid having a low electrical conductivity, for example less than 4 micro siemens per cm, to cool the power module, thereby ensuring good electrical insulation of the poles of the fuel cell. .
- the cooling circuit of the powertrain can pass through a heat exchanger capable of allowing heating of the passenger compartment of the motor vehicle.
- the heat coupling exchanger is located downstream of the fuel cell and upstream of a radiator capable of cooling the main circuit of heat transfer fluid.
- the main circuit may include a branch branch capable of isolating the heat coupling exchanger.
- the main circuit passes through a high temperature part of a radiator able to cool the heat transfer fluid
- the auxiliary circuit passing through a low temperature part of a radiator able to cool the heat transfer fluid to a temperature below the temperature of the fluid.
- coolant in the main circuit, said radiator being located downstream of the fuel cell comprising an anode part and a cathode part.
- the cooling device has the advantage of being particularly economical by allowing, with a single pump, the circulation of the heat transfer fluid in the main and auxiliary circuits at different temperature levels.
- the device can advantageously comprise a reformer and a compressor supplying respectively with hydrogen and air, the anode part and the cathode part of the fuel cell.
- the main circuit may include a pre-anode heat exchanger through which the heat transfer fluid and hydrogen, and a pre-cathode heat exchanger through which the heat transfer fluid and air.
- the pre-cathodic and pre-anodic heat exchangers can advantageously be mounted in parallel with each other in order to minimize the pressure losses of the main cooling circuit.
- the main heat transfer fluid circuit passes through the fuel cell, the cell being mounted in parallel with the pre-anode and pre-cathode exchangers.
- the main heat transfer fluid circuit comprises a heat exchanger through which the heat transfer fluid and a coolant for a specific cooling loop of the fuel cell pass.
- Said heat exchanger can be mounted in parallel with the pre-anode and pre-cathode exchangers or even downstream of the pre-anode and pre-cathode exchangers.
- the auxiliary circuit comprises a post-anodic heat exchanger through which the heat transfer fluid and the gases pass; from the anode of the cell, and a post-cathode heat exchanger through which the heat transfer fluid and the gases from the cathode of the cell.
- Said exchangers can be mounted in parallel with each other, downstream of the low temperature part, in order to minimize the pressure losses of the auxiliary cooling circuit.
- the cooling device makes it possible to cool the exhaust gases of the fuel cell to a relatively low temperature, substantially lower than the cooling temperature of the cell, in order to recover the water vapor contained in the gases and to allow the '' obtaining a positive power module water balance.
- the auxiliary circuit may include an inlet pipe located downstream of the high temperature part and a return pipe located upstream of the exchangers. re-anodic and pre-cathodic.
- the main circuit comprises a thermostat arranged between the coupling exchanger and the high temperature part of the radiator, the thermostat being connected to a connected pipe. hydraulically to the auxiliary circuit between a low temperature part of the radiator and post-anode and post-cathode exchangers.
- Such a cooling device makes it possible to isolate the high and low temperature parts of the radiator in order to make the battery quickly reach its optimal operating temperature, generally around 80 ° C to 90 ⁇ C, during the cold start phase. by delaying the cooling of the heat transfer fluid.
- the device thus makes it possible to reduce the time taken by the battery to reach its optimal operating temperature without having to resort to an additional specific means for producing a supply of thermal energy.
- the invention also relates to a method of cooling a power module comprising a fuel cell for a motor vehicle provided with a powerplant equipped with a cooling circuit, by means of a circulation of a heat-transfer fluid.
- the heat transfer fluid is separated into a main circuit and an auxiliary circuit upstream of the fuel cell, - one of the heat transfer fluid circuits is thermally coupled with a cooling circuit of a motorcycle unit - propellant, - the heat transfer fluid is circulated in the two circuits at a temperature below the operating temperature of the fuel cell, and - the calories of the heat transfer fluid are taken from the main circuit and from the auxiliary circuit when the temperature of the fluid coolant reaches the optimum operating temperature of the fuel cell.
- the calories of the heat transfer fluid of the auxiliary circuit are taken so that the temperature of said fluid is lower than the temperature of the heat transfer fluid of the main circuit.
- the calories from the heat transfer fluid of the main circuit are taken when it is desired to supply calories to the cooling fluid of a cooling circuit of a powertrain.
- a heat exchange is carried out between the cooling fluid of the cooling circuit of the powertrain and the air present inside the passenger compartment of the motor vehicle.
- calories are added to the heat transfer fluid of the main circuit when it is desired to take calories from the coolant of a cooling circuit of a powertrain.
- FIG. 2a schematically shows a device for cooling a power module of a fuel cell coupled with a cooling loop of a powertrain of a motor vehicle according to a first mode of embodiment
- FIG. 2b schematically shows a radiator of the device for cooling the power module of FIG. 2a
- FIG. 3 shows schematically a device for cooling a power module of a fuel cell coupled with a cooling loop of a powertrain of a motor vehicle according to a second embodiment
- - Figure 4 shows schematically a device for cooling a power module of a fuel cell coupled with a cooling loop of a powertrain of an automobile vehicle according to a third embodiment.
- the arrows in strong lines correspond to pipes which are crossed by a liquid, and the arrows in dashed lines correspond to pipes crossed by gases.
- a fuel cell 1 comprises an anode 2 and a cathode 3 separated by an electrolytic membrane 4 (shown diagrammatically).
- the fuel cell 1 can advantageously be of the proton exchange membrane (PEMFC) type with solid electrolyte.
- PEMFC proton exchange membrane
- Such a fuel cell actually consists of a stack of elementary cells electrically connected in series and separated by bipolar plates (not shown in the figure).
- a motor 5 drives a compressor 6, via a shaft 7, when the power module of the fuel cell 1 is put into operation.
- the compressor 6 is supplied with air by a supply line 8.
- the compressed air from the compressor 6 passes through a pipe 9 through a pre-cathode exchanger 10 and feeds the cathode 3 of the fuel cell 1.
- the compressed air from the compressor 6 also feeds a reformer 1 1 and a burner 12, respectively via lines 13 and 14, said lines 13 and 14 being connected to line 9.
- the reformer 11, of conventional design also comprises a fuel inlet pipe 15, a water inlet pipe 16 and a hydrogen outlet pipe 17 passing through a pre-anode exchanger 18 and supplying the anode 2 of the fuel cell 1.
- the pre-anode and pre-cathode exchangers 18, 10, for example condensers, are traversed by a heat transfer liquid (FIG. 2a) so as to allow cooling of the hydrogen and of the compressed air to adapt their respective temperatures to the operating temperature of the fuel cell 1 and to recover the water vapor contained in said gases in order to feed the inlet pipe 16 of the reformer 1 1 (not shown).
- the cooling device 1a shows a cooling device 1a of the power module of a fuel cell 1 coupled with a cooling loop 40a of a powertrain 40.
- the cooling device 1a comprises a main circuit and a auxiliary coolant circuit, the coolant can be of the deionized water type without additives comprising 40% glycol.
- the main circuit includes a pump 23, allowing the circulation of the heat-transfer liquid, connected to a pipe 24 comprising three derivative pipes, referenced respectively 24a to 24c.
- Line 24a passes through the electrolytic membrane 4 of the fuel cell 1. In reality, the heat transfer liquid passes through the fuel cell 1 by the addition in the thickness of the bipolar plates of cooling lines connected to line 24a.
- Line 24b crosses the pre-anode exchanger 18 to cool the hydrogen from the reformer 11 ( Figure 1), line 24c passing through the pre-cathode exchanger 10 to cool the compressed air from the compressor 6 (figure 1).
- the fuel cell 1, the pre-anode exchanger 18 and the pre-cathode exchanger 10 are thus hydraulically connected in parallel.
- the lines 24a to 24c are connected to a line 25 passing through a valve 26 and the heat coupling exchanger 2.7, of the heat exchanger type.
- Line 25, also passing through a thermostat 28, is connected to the high temperature part 29 of a radiator 30. At the outlet of the high temperature portion 29 of the radiator 30, a line 32 is connected to a return line 33 of the heat transfer liquid to the pump 24.
- a line 31 is mounted in derivation of the line 25 so as to isolating the heat coupling exchanger 27 during the circulation of the heat transfer liquid to separate the cooling device 1a and the cooling loop 40a.
- the pipe 3 1 is connected to the pipe 25 at the level of the valve 26 and downstream of the heat coupling exchanger 2 "7.
- the auxiliary circuit of heat transfer liquid mounted as a bypass on the main circuit, comprises a pipe d inlet 34 and an outlet pipe 35.
- the inlet pipe 34 is connected to the pipe 32, the outlet pipe 35 being connected to the pipe 33 upstream of the pump 23, considering the direction of e- flow of the heat transfer liquid.
- the inlet pipe 34 passes through a low temperature part.
- the radiator 30 comprises the high temperature portion 29 capable of cooling the heat transfer liquid passing through the pipe 25 at a first temperature, and the low temperature part 36 capable of cooling the heat-transfer liquid passing through 1 A pipe 34 at a second temperature lower than the first temperature.
- the radiator 30 comprises an inlet * for heat transfer liquid and two outlets for said heat transfer liquid at different temperature levels.
- Line 37 comprises dettx derivative lines, respectively referenced 37a and 37b.
- the conduits 37a and 37b pass through the post-anode and post-cathode heat exchangers 19, 21 respectively, thereby cooling the gases exhaust from anode 2 and cathode 3 of cell 1 ( Figure 1).
- the pipes 37a and 37b are connected to the return pipe 35.
- the post-anode exchanger 19 and the post-cathode exchanger 21 are thus hydraulically connected in parallel, and are located downstream of the low temperature part 36 of the radiator 30 , considering the direction of flow of the heat transfer liquid.
- the pipe 37 is also connected, upstream of the adjustment element 38, to a pipe 39 which can be in fluid communication with the pipe 25 by means of the thermostat 28.
- the pipe 39 thus makes it possible to isolate the upper parts and low temperature
- the cooling loop 40a of a powerplant referenced 40 is crossed by a liquid for cooling the various components of the loop.
- the liquid can be of the brine type comprising anti-corrosion additives.
- the cooling loop 40a comprises a pump 41, connected to a line 42 passing through the powerplant 40.
- the line 42 is connected to a line 43, itself connected to the pump 41.
- the line 43 passes successively through the direction of circulation of the cooling liquid, an air heater 44, the heat coupling exchanger 27 and a heating element 45.
- the air heater 44 is capable of allowing heat exchange with the passenger compartment of the motor vehicle.
- the heating element 45 can for example be an air heater or an air / liquid type heat exchanger capable of allowing heat exchange with the passenger compartment of the motor vehicle.
- the exchanger may for example be an exchanger added to the outlet of the burner 12 (FIG. 1).
- Line 43 is connected, between the powerplant 40 and the air heater 44, to a line 46.
- Line 46 is also connected to line 43 between the pump 41 and the heating element 45.
- the pipe 46 is a branch branch of the pipe 43.
- the pipe 46 passes through a radiator 47 making it possible to cool the coolant, and a thermostat 48.
- the thermostat 48 is connected to the pipe 46 upstream of the radiator 47 by a pipe 49. In other words, the pipe 49 is able to isolate the radiator 47.
- the operation of the cooling device is as follows: when the fuel cell 1 is started, the pump 23 is started and allows circulation of the heat transfer liquid.
- the heat transfer liquid passes through line 24, and passes through the fuel cell 1 as well as the heat exchangers 10 and 18.
- the heat transfer liquid then passes through line 25 and the heat coupling exchanger 27.
- the heat transfer fluid can yield or recover calories from the cooling loop 40a according to the operating mode of the powerplant 40.
- the heat transfer fluid can also pass through the pipe 31, if desired thermally separating the cooling device and the cooling loop 40a.
- the heat transfer liquid then passes through the pipe 39 and the heat exchangers 19 and 21, before returning to the pump 23.
- the thermostat 28 opens progressively so as to allow the coolant to pass through the high temperature part 29.
- the low temperature part 36 of the radiator 30 receives part of the flow of the heat transfer liquid from the high temperature portion 29.
- the heat transfer liquid passing through the pipe 34 has a reduced temperature, about 50 ° C., in order to cool the heat exchangers 19, 21 and recover the water p resides in the exhaust gases so as to obtain a positive balance of the fuel cell. If the quantity of heat evacuated by the r adiateur 30 is less than the quantity of heat provided by the heat exchangers 10, 18, 19 and 21 then the temperature of the heat transfer liquid increases thus causing a total opening of the-rmostat 28.
- the radiator 30 allows cooling of the powerplant 40 in a conventional manner.
- the pump 41 allows the circulation of the coolant through the powertrain 40. The coolant transn ⁇ et the calories, taken from the powertrain 40, the air heater 44 and / or the radiator 47 in order to evacuate them.
- the thermostat 48 makes it possible to isolate the radiator 47 from the cooling loop 40a during the phases of rise or temperature maintenance of the powertrain 40.
- a first mode of operation when the powertrain 40 is at '' stopped or at idle, the heat transfer liquid passes through the heat coupling exchanger 27 in order to provide the calories, generated by the power module of the fuel cell, to the coolant of the cooling circuit of the powertrain, thus making it possible to heat the passenger compartment of the motor vehicle by means of the air heater 44 and to maintain in temperature the powerplant 40.
- the coolant does not pass through the radiator 47.
- This operating mode also makes it possible to also perform assistance in cooling the cooling device.
- the heat transfer liquid passes through the heat coupling exchanger 27 in order to recover the calories, generated by the power train 40, of the coolant thus making it possible to carry out a assistance in cooling the cooling loop 40a.
- the pipe 25 of the main circuit comprises, downstream of the heat exchangers 18, 10 and downstream of the valve 26, the exchanger 50 of the heat transfer fluid circuit.
- the exchanger 50 also being traversed by the pipe 51 comprising the j) om ⁇ e 52 and passing through the fuel cell 1.
- the device allows the cooling of components with the same heat transfer liquid of the power module of the fuel cell at different temperature levels, but also of valuing said device, in particular making it possible to transfer or recover calories to a cooling loop of a propulsion unit making it possible in particular to preheat the propulsion unit and heat the passenger compartment of the motor vehicle.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP05739669A EP1735868A1 (en) | 2004-03-31 | 2005-03-02 | Device and method for cooling the power module of a fuel cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0403343 | 2004-03-31 | ||
FR0403343A FR2868606B1 (en) | 2004-03-31 | 2004-03-31 | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR COOLING A POWER MODULE OF A FUEL CELL |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005096426A1 true WO2005096426A1 (en) | 2005-10-13 |
WO2005096426A8 WO2005096426A8 (en) | 2008-11-06 |
Family
ID=34944392
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2005/050140 WO2005096426A1 (en) | 2004-03-31 | 2005-03-02 | Device and method for cooling the power module of a fuel cell |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1735868A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2868606B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005096426A1 (en) |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2816258A1 (en) * | 2000-11-09 | 2002-05-10 | Valeo Thermique Moteur Sa | COOLING DEVICE OF A VEHICLE WITH AN ELECTRIC MOTOR POWERED BY A FUEL CELL |
US6432568B1 (en) * | 2000-08-03 | 2002-08-13 | General Motors Corporation | Water management system for electrochemical engine |
FR2830926A1 (en) * | 2001-10-12 | 2003-04-18 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | Thermal regulator air-conditioner of electrical or hybrid automobile, has secondary heat exchange circuit connected to automobile heat generating sources, with evaporators in principal circuit having up stream trigger valves |
DE10152233A1 (en) * | 2001-10-20 | 2003-05-08 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Fuel cell system has cooling circuit with heat pump primary side for cooling this circuit, secondary side connected via second cooling circuit to cooling, and temperature control components |
WO2004006376A1 (en) * | 2002-07-09 | 2004-01-15 | General Motors Corporation | Supersonic vapor compression and heat rejection cycle |
-
2004
- 2004-03-31 FR FR0403343A patent/FR2868606B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-03-02 EP EP05739669A patent/EP1735868A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-03-02 WO PCT/FR2005/050140 patent/WO2005096426A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6432568B1 (en) * | 2000-08-03 | 2002-08-13 | General Motors Corporation | Water management system for electrochemical engine |
FR2816258A1 (en) * | 2000-11-09 | 2002-05-10 | Valeo Thermique Moteur Sa | COOLING DEVICE OF A VEHICLE WITH AN ELECTRIC MOTOR POWERED BY A FUEL CELL |
FR2830926A1 (en) * | 2001-10-12 | 2003-04-18 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | Thermal regulator air-conditioner of electrical or hybrid automobile, has secondary heat exchange circuit connected to automobile heat generating sources, with evaporators in principal circuit having up stream trigger valves |
DE10152233A1 (en) * | 2001-10-20 | 2003-05-08 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Fuel cell system has cooling circuit with heat pump primary side for cooling this circuit, secondary side connected via second cooling circuit to cooling, and temperature control components |
WO2004006376A1 (en) * | 2002-07-09 | 2004-01-15 | General Motors Corporation | Supersonic vapor compression and heat rejection cycle |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2005096426A8 (en) | 2008-11-06 |
EP1735868A1 (en) | 2006-12-27 |
FR2868606B1 (en) | 2006-06-02 |
FR2868606A1 (en) | 2005-10-07 |
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