WO2005089758A1 - Methods and compositions for the treatment of conditions related to gastric acid secretion - Google Patents
Methods and compositions for the treatment of conditions related to gastric acid secretion Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005089758A1 WO2005089758A1 PCT/US2005/007015 US2005007015W WO2005089758A1 WO 2005089758 A1 WO2005089758 A1 WO 2005089758A1 US 2005007015 W US2005007015 W US 2005007015W WO 2005089758 A1 WO2005089758 A1 WO 2005089758A1
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- prodrug
- proton pump
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- pump inhibitor
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- 0 CC*Cc1ccc2[n](C)c(S(CC3=C(*)C(O)=CC=CC3)=O)nc2c1 Chemical compound CC*Cc1ccc2[n](C)c(S(CC3=C(*)C(O)=CC=CC3)=O)nc2c1 0.000 description 3
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
- A61K31/4704—2-Quinolinones, e.g. carbostyril
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/4439—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. omeprazole
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/04—Peptides having up to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/06—Tripeptides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
- A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
- A61P1/04—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for ulcers, gastritis or reflux esophagitis, e.g. antacids, inhibitors of acid secretion, mucosal protectants
Definitions
- Benzimidazole derivatives intended for inhibiting gastric acid secretion are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,045,563; 4,255,431; 4,628,098; 4,686,230; 4,758,579; 4,965,269; 5,021,433; 5,430,042 and 5,708,017.
- the benzimidazole-type inhibitors of gastric acid secretion are believed to work by undergoing a rearrangement to form a thiophilic species which then covalently binds to gastric H,K-ATPase, the enzyme involved in the final step of proton production in the parietal cells, and thereby inhibits the enzyme.
- PPI proton pump inhibitors
- Benzimidazole compounds capable of inhibiting the gastric H,K-ATPase enzyme have found substantial use as drugs in human medicine and are known under such names as LANSOPRAZOLE (U.S. Pat. No. 4,628,098), OMEPRAZOLE (U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,255,431 and 5,693,818), ESOMEPRAZOLE (U.S. Pat No. 6,369,085) PANTOPRAZOLE (U.S. Pat. No. 4,758,579), and RABEPRAZOLE (U.S. Pat. No.
- Some of the diseases treated by proton pump inhibitors and specifically by the five above- mentioned drugs include peptic ulcer, heartburn, reflux esophagitis, erosive esophagitis, non-ulcer dyspepsia, infection by Helicobacter pylori, alrynitis and asthma.
- the proton pump inhibitor type drugs represent a substantial advance in the field of human and veterinary medicine, they are not totally without shortcomings or disadvantages. For example, it is believed that the short systemic half -life of the drug limits the degree of gastric acid suppression currently achieved. Furthermore, it appears that the short plasma half-life of the drug may contribute to significant gastric pH fluctuations that occur several times a day in patients undergoing PPI therapy.
- prodrugs are derivatives of per se drugs, which after administration undergo conversion to the physiologically active species. The conversion may be spontaneous, such as hydrolysis in the physiological environment, or may be enzyme catalyzed.
- PCT Publication WO 02/00166 describes compounds that are said to be nitric oxide (NO) releasing derivatives of proton pump inhibitors of the benzimidazole structure.
- Copending U.S. Patent Application No. 10/620,252, filed July 15, 2003 discloses prodrugs of the proton pump inhibitor type drugs having an arylsulfonyl group with an acidic functional group attached, which provided improved solubility in physiological fluids and improved cell penetration.
- Figure 1 is a plot of the systemic half-life (Ty 2 ) of proton pump inhibitors omeprazole and lansoprazole, following oral administration of their corresponding prodrugs in dog, as a function of membrane permeability of the prodrugs, measured as the permeability coefficient (P app ) across Caco-2 cells in the apical to basolateral direction.
- Figure 2 depicts compound 1 transport in the basolateral to apical direction across Caco-2 cells in the presence and absence of 50 ⁇ M of MK-571 and 250 ⁇ M of reduced glutathione.
- a method comprising orally administering to a mammal a proton pump inhibitor and a compound which modulates the activity of an efflux transporter protein in the gastrointestinal tract epithelium; or prodrugs or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; is disclosed herein; said method being effective for the prevention or treatment of a disease or condition related to gastric acid secretion. While not intending to limit the scope of the invention in any way, one method comprises orally administering to a mammal a proton pump inhibitor, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof; and a compound which modulates the activity of MRP2, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof.
- a composition comprising a proton pump inhibitor and a compound which modulates the activity of an efflux transporter protein in the gastrointestinal tract epithelium; or prodrugs or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; is also disclosed herein. While not intending to limit the scope of the invention in any way, one composition comprises a proton pump inhibitor, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof; and a modulator of MRP2 activity or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof.
- one embodiment comprises use of a compound which modulates the activity of MRP2, or a salt or a prodrug thereof; in combination with a proton pump inhibitor, or a salt or a prodrug thereof; in the manufacture of a medicament for the prevention or treatment of a condition or disease related to gastric acid secretion afflicting a mammal, is disclosed herein.
- MRP2 multidrug resistance-associated protein family member
- the first transport is absorptive, i.e. from the gut toward the bloodstream
- the second transport is effluxive, i.e. from the gut lining back into the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract.
- compounds believed to modulate the activity efflux transporter proteins of the gastrointestinal tract epithelium are capable of altering the net flux of prodrugs of proton pump inhibitors and proton pump inhibitors from the gut into the bloodstream and thus altering the pharmacokinetic profile of proton pump inhibitors.
- compounds which modulate the activity efflux transporter proteins in the gastrointestinal tract epithelium are believed to be capable of helping to tune the pharmacokinetics of prodrugs of proton pump inhibitors and proton pump inhibitors themselves, thus improving sustained- release, bioavailability, or peak proton pump inhibitor concentration, according to the particular need.
- prodrug has the meaning previously described herein, and in relation to this disclosure refers to a prodrug of a proton pump inhibitor.
- the term should be construed broadly, such that if functional groups are present on the prodrug that are capable of forming salts, a salt of such a compound is also considered to be a "prodrug”.
- proton pump inhibitor also has the meaning previously described herein.
- a compound a compound which modulates the activity of an efflux transporter protein in the gastrointestinal tract epithelium is any compound which affects the activity of efflux transporter proteins. This includes any compound which stimulates activity or inhibits activity, regardless of the manner in which this is accomplished. Although the compound may selectively affect the activity of an efflux transporter protein, nonselective compounds may also be used.
- a compound which modulates the activity of MRP2 is any compound, salt, or prodrug which affects the activity of MRP2, whether it stimulates activity or inhibits activity, regardless of the manner in which this is accomplished. Although the compound may selectively affect the activity of MRP2, nonselective compounds may also be used. In one embodiment, an MRP modulator is used.
- MRP proteins include MK-571, sildenafil (Viagra ® ), leukotriene C4, gemfibrozil, probenecid, and verapamil.
- Compounds such as glutathione, which stimulate MRP activity may also be used.
- Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of these compounds may also be used, and for the purposes herein, the name of any compound applies to both the neutral form and any pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
- Both proton pump inhibitors and prodrugs may be used in the compositions and methods disclosed herein. While not intending to limit the scope of the invention in any way, commercially available proton pump inhibitors (PPI) include lansoprazole, esomeprazole, omeprazole, pantoprazole, and rabeprazole. Although a prodrug may be prepared from any proton pump inhibitor, it may be desirable to use a prodrug of a commercially available proton pump inhibitor. In situations where the prodrug is derived from one of the commercially available PPIs circumstances related to the individual to which the prodrug is administered are often relevant to the compositions and methods practiced as disclosed herein.
- PPI proton pump inhibitors
- the proton pump inhibitor is lansoprazole.
- the proton pump inhibitor is omeprazole.
- the proton pump inhibitor is esomeprazole.
- the proton pump inhibitor is pantoprazole. In another embodiment the proton pump inhibitor is rabeprazole. Other embodiments comprise a prodrug of omeprazole. Other embodiments comprise a prodrug of pantoprazole. Other embodiments comprise a prodrug of rabeprazole. Other embodiments comprise a prodrug of lansoprazole. Other embodiments comprise a prodrug of esomeprazole. Certain compounds have been shown to be useful as prodrugs in relation to the embodiments disclosed herein. In certain embodiments, the prodrug comprises a sulfonyl moiety.
- a “sulfonyl” moiety is defined herein as a moiety comprising an SO 2 group, where a sulfur atom is directly covalently bonded to two oxygen atoms.
- the prodrug comprises a phenylsulfonyl moiety.
- phenylsulfonyl moiety should be broadly interpreted to mean any moiety where the sulfur of the SO 2 group is directly covalently bonded to a carbon that is part of a phenyl ring.
- the term “phenyl ring” should be broadly understood to mean any ring comprising six carbon atoms having three conjugated double bonds.
- a phenylsulfonyl moiety could be monosubstituted, meaning that the sulfonyl group is the only group directly attached to the phenyl ring, or the phenylsulfonyl moiety could have from 1 to 5 additional substituents which are not a hydrogen atom, and are directly attached to a carbon of the phenyl ring.
- the prodrug comprises both a phenylsulfonyl moiety and a carboxylic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- Prodrugs may also comprise
- A is H, OCH 3 , or OCHF 2 ;
- B is CH 3 or OCH 3 ;
- D is OCH 3 , OCH 2 CF 3 , or O(CH 2 ) 3 0CH 3 ;
- E is H or CH 3 ;
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , andR 5 are independently H, CH 3 , CO 2 H, CH 2 CO 2 H, (CH 2 ) 2 CO 2 H,
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 5 are independently H, CH 3 , CO 2 H, CH 2 CO 2 H, (CH 2 ) 2 CO 2 H, OCH 2 CO 2 CH 3 , OCH 2 CO 2 H, OCH 2 CONH 2 (CH 2 ) 5 CO 2 CH 3 , or OCH 3 .
- the prodrug has a structure comprising
- prodrugs comprise or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- Other prodrugs comprise
- the prodrug has a structure comprising
- the prodrug has a structure comprising
- the prodrug has a structure comprising
- the apical to basolateral membrane permeability of the prodrug may vary.
- the term "apical to basolateral membrane permeability" used in relation to this disclosure refers to the value obtained by carrying out the procedure described in Example 1 herein.
- the apical to basolateral membrane permeability of the prodrug is less than 1 x 10 "6 cm/sec.
- the apical to basolateral membrane permeability of the prodrug is less than 5 x 10 "7 cm sec.
- the apical to basolateral membrane permeability of the prodrug is less than 1 x 10 " cm/sec.
- the apical to basolateral membrane permeability of the prodrug is less than 5 x 10 "8 cm/sec. In certain embodiments, the apical to basolateral membrane permeability of a prodrug as it relates to that of the parent proton pump inhibitor is relevant. In one embodiment the apical to basolateral membrane permeability of the proton pump inhibitor is more than twice the apical to basolateral membrane permeability of the prodrug. In another embodiment, the apical to basolateral membrane permeability of the proton pump inhibitor is more than 10 times the apical to basolateral membrane permeability of the prodrug.
- the apical to basolateral membrane permeability of the proton pump inhibitor is more than 100 times the apical to basolateral membrane permeability of the prodrug. In another embodiment the apical to basolateral membrane permeability of the proton pump inhibitor is more than 150 times the apical to basolateral membrane permeability of the prodrug.
- the prodrugs of the present invention can be prepared by the methods described in the following U.S. Patent documents, all of which are expressly incorporated by reference herein: U.S. Pat. No. 6,093,734; U.S. Pat. App. No. 09/783,807, filed February 14, 2001; and U.S. Patent Application No. 10/620,252, filed July 15, 2003; U.S. Pat. App. 10/487,340, filed July 15, 2003.
- an acidic functional group refers to an oxygen containing functional group which has a pK a below 10.
- an acidic functional group may include an organic acid such as a carboxylic acid, a phosphonic acid, or a sulfonic acid.
- Acidic functional groups can be in one of two forms, the acid form or the salt form, depending upon whether the particular group has undergone an acid-base reaction.
- the two forms of these functional groups may also be known by other names.
- the term “acidic functional group” should be broadly understood to incorporate either the acid or the salt form of the functional group.
- a “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” is any salt that retains the activity of the parent compound and does not impart any deleterious or untoward effect on the subject to which it is administered and in the context in which it is administered as compared to the parent compound.
- Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of acidic functional groups may be derived from organic or inorganic bases.
- the salt may be a mono or polyvalent ion.
- Organic salts may be made with amines, particularly ammonium salts such as mono-, di- and trialkyl amines or ethanol amines. Salts may also be formed with caffeine, tromethamine and similar molecules.
- Hydrochloric acid or some other pharmaceutically acceptable acid may form a salt with a compound that includes a basic group, such as an amine or a pyridine ring.
- a disease or condition related to gastric acid secretion is any disease where gastric acid is a cause or a contributing factor, or contributes to a symptom of the diseases, or where inhibition of gastric acid secretion may be helpful in treating or preventing the disease. While not intending to limit the scope of the invention in any way, some examples of such diseases or conditions are peptic ulcer, heartburn, reflux esophagitis, erosive esophagitis, non-ulcer dyspepsia, infection by Helicobacter pylori, alrynitis, and other conditions.
- the prodrug is not enterically coated.
- the term "enterically coated” means the prodrug or the dosage form comprising the prodrug is coated by a coating which protects the prodrug from the acids present in the stomach, but which coating disintegrates in the higher pH environment of the intestines.
- small particles of the prodrug are coated with the enteric coating.
- an entire capsule, tablet, or other solid dosage form is coated with the enteric coating. While not intending to be bound in any way by theory, it is believed that the prodrugs disclosed herein are sufficiently stable in the presence of the acidic milieu of the stomach that enteric coating of the prodrug is generally not necessary.
- the compounds of the invention are admixed with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients which per se are well known in the art.
- a drug to be administered systemically it may be confected as a powder, pill, tablet or the like, or as a syrup or elixir suitable for oral administration.
- Description of the substances normally used to prepare tablets, powders, pills, syrups and elixirs can be found in several books and treatise well known in the art, for example in Remington's Pharmaceutical Science, Edition 17, Mack Publishing Company, Easton, Pa.
- Prodrugs of the present invention can be combined with certain amounts of the proton pump inhibitors to which they are related to provide a drug- prodrug combination, and the combination administered for inhibition of gastric acid secretion.
- certain embodiments relate to a mixture of the prodrug and the proton pump inhibitor.
- Other embodiments relate to the administration of both the prodrug and the proton pump inhibitor. While not intending to limit the scope of these embodiments, it is believed that the proton pump inhibitor (drug) initially inhibits gastric acid secretion of the patient, and as the effective concentration of the proton pump inhibitor (drug) is decreased by metabolism, the prodrug is used to maintain a sustained presence of a therapeutically effective systemic concentration of the proton pump inhibitor.
- the ratio of the molar concentration of the prodrug to the molar concentration of the proton pump inhibitor is from 1 to 100O.
- two prodrugs of a proton pump inhibitor are administered to a person to a similar end.
- Example 1 Determination of membrane permeability in all examples described herein was accomplished by the following procedure. This procedure is also used to determine whether a given prodrug falls within the scope of those claims given herein which relate to membrane permeability.
- Materials/Methods Test System Cultured Caco-2 cells and MDR1-MDCK cells
- Seeding Density 2 x 10 5 cells/cm" in Costar 12 well TranswellTM plates Culture Age: 17-21 days post seeding for Caco-2 cells, 2-3 days post seeding for MDRl-MDCK cells
- Source American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, VA (Caco-2) Dr. Piet Borst at the Netherlands Cancer Institute (Amsterdam, Netherlands) (MDRl-MDCK)
- Growth Media Dulbecco' s Modified Eagle Media (DMEM) (Gibco BRL) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 0.1% nonessential amino acids
- Dosing Formulation 10 ⁇ M proton pump inhibitor or prodrug in DMEM. Make on the day of dosing. Assay: LC-MS/MS
- Bi-directional transport experiment Caco-2 and MDRl-MDCK cells were seeded on CostarTM 12mm diameter, 0.4 ⁇ m pore size transwell filters, and were cultured at 37°C, 5% CO 2 in a humidified tissue culture chamber.
- DMEM was equilibrated as a transport buffer in 37°C water bath an hour before experiment. The cells were then equilibrated in transport buffer for 1 hr at 37°C.
- Dosing solution (10 ⁇ M) was prepared by adding a 20 ⁇ L aliquot of a 10 mM stock solution of the prodrug to 20 mL of transport buffer.
- Transport buffer was removed from both apical and basolateral compartment of filters.
- Dosing solution (0.2 mL) was added to the apical compartment of the cell layers on transwell filters, and 0.8 ml fresh pre-warmed transport buffer was added to basolateral compartment. Timing was started for transport, and at 5, 20, and 60 min after transport started, sample fluid (400 ⁇ L) was collected from the basolateral compartment. Fresh transport buffer (400 ⁇ L) was added back to the basolateral compartment, and the fluid was thoroughly mixed.
- a 500 ng/ml internal standard Liansoprazole-D
- the transport rate J is calculated as the slope of the linear regression fit for the transport amount over time data using Microsoft Excel ® 97 SR-2 (Microsoft Corp. Redmond, WA),
- Lucifer yellow was used as a paracellular permeability reference standard to determine integrity of cell layers used in the experiments.
- LY transport in the apical to basolateral direction was carried out in the same manner as described above. Fluorescence level in basoLateral fluid sampled at 5, 20, and 60 min post dose was determined using Fluos.tar Galaxy (BMG Labtechnologies, Durham, NC) at excitation/emission wavelengths of 485/520 nm. A standard curve covering the range from 0.002 to 0.5 mg/mL is constructed to quantify the amount of LY in the transport sample to calculate permeability coefficient (Papp).
- omeprazole, lansoprazole ⁇ pantoprazole, rabeprazole, and test compounds was determined in rats (Sprague-Dawley) and dogs (beagle) by administering an oral solution to the animal and collecting serial blood samples through 24 hr post dose. Blood concentrations of the compounds omeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazole, and test compounds were quantified using an achiral liquid chrorxiatography tandem mass spectrometry method (LC-MS/MS).
- Table 2A shows the systemic half-life of omeprazole in rats after oral and intravenous administration of omeprazole and compound 1.
- Table 2C summarizes the systemic half -lives of the prodrugs and the PPIs for compounds 1-42 in dogs and rats. While not intending to be limited or bound in any way by theory, these results demonstrate that slow absorption of the prodrug from the gastrointestinal tract can contribute to an increase in the systemic half -life of the proton pump inhibitor.
- the systemic half-life of the prodrug i.e. the intact prodrug molecule
- the systemic half-life of the prodrug is either very short relative to the systemic half -life of the proton pump inhibitor, or is so short that the intact prodrug cannot be detected in the blood, and thus the half -life cannot be detected (NC).
- the measured systemic half-life of the proton pump inhibitor is significantly increased relative to the orally administered prodrug. Since the hydrolysis of the prodrugs in the blood does not contribute significantly to the increased systemic half -life of the proton pump inhibitors, it follows that the absorption of the prodrug from the gastrointestinal tract is slowed sufficiently to prolong the systemic half -life of the proton pump inhibitor. Thus, while not intending to be bound or limited in any way by theory, in the case of these particular prodrugs, it is the absorption step rather than the hydrolysis step that is the rate-limiting step of the pharmacokinetic process. In other words, the gastrointestinal tract, rather than the bloodstream, acts as the depot for the prodrug. Table 2C. Systemic Half -Life of Prodrugs and PPIs in Dogs and Rats
- Figure 1 is a plot that graphically demonstrates that despite the scatter, as a general trend, systemic half-life of a PPI resulting from oral administration of its prodrug increases with decreasing membrane permeability of the prodrug.
- DMEM low glucose medium free of FBS
- Modulating reagents for the multidrug resistant-associated MRP protein were tested in vitro to determine their effect upon transport of compound 1 in Caco-1 cells.
- MK-571 is a known specific inhibitor for the MRP family [Walgren RA, Karnaky KJ Jr, Lindenmayer GE, and Walle T.
- MRP2 modulators or modulators for other transporter proteins may be used to modify the rate the prodrugs are effluxed, thus modifying the absorption time window, as well as the maximum concentration and the plasma half -life of the PPI.
- MRP2 modulators can be used to alter the systemic half life of a PPI after oral administration of a prodrug.
- Figure 3 shows mean blood omeprazole concentration following dosing.
- maximum blood concentration of omeprazole was significantly increased, as would be expected if efflux of its prodrug is inhibited in the GI lumen by an inhibitor of MRP2.
- systemic half- life of omeprazole was shortened significantly also.
- Table 5 shows that the efflux of a prodrug may contribute to the prolonged oral half life of a parent proton pump inhibitor following oral administration of the prodrugs by prolonging the GI residence time of the prodrug.
- a compound such as glutathione could be administered either separately, or in a single composition with the prodrug.
- a compound which stimulates MRP2 activity or the activity of other transporter proteins involved in efflux may also be used to improve sustained release of a proton pump inhibitor when it is administered orally, and not as the prodrug.
- a compound which inhibits MRP2 activity or activity of other transporter proteins involved in efflux may be used to provide rapid onset of action and increase the bioavailability of the PPI when used in conjunction with a prodrug that is absorbed more slowly than is desired. This may be useful in providing a faster acting dosage form.
- FIG. 3 shows that the concentration of the PPI in the blood is higher from about 0-2 hours when MK- 571 is administered with the compound 6 as compared to when compound 6 is administered alone. While not intending to be bound by theory, it is believed that the reduced efflux allows greater systemic absorption of the prodrug, thus producing a higher plasma concentration of the PPI. However, the inhibition of the efflux activity need not occur when the prodrug is administered.
- Example 6 The physicochemical properties of compound 1 were analyzed. Compound 1 was found to be hygroscopic, in that 9% weight gain was observed for the compound after 14 days of storage at 25 °C at 75% relative humidity.
- the aqueous stability data of compound 1 is presented in Table 3B. These results show that, the half-life (t 1/2 ), the shelf -life (t 90 ), and the rate constant for degradation (k) for compound 1 are significantly improved in the pH range of 3-9. While not intending to be bound in any way by theory, these results suggest that formulation of dosage forms in the pH range of from 3 to 9 should greatly improve the stability of the prodrugs, thus improving shelf-life and facilitating formulation. Further, these results suggest that dosage forms having a pH from 6 to 8 will be particularly useful in certain situations. Additionally, these results demonstrate that the prodrugs are significantly more stable in acidic and neutral aqueous solutions than the proton pump inhibitors.
- omeprazole and other proton pump inhibitors have been reported (Kromer et al., "Differences in pH-Dependent Activation Rates of Substituted Benzimidazoles and Biological in vitro Correlates", Pharmacology 1998; 56:57-70; and Ekpe et al, "Effect of Various Salts on the Stability of Lansoprazole, Omeprazole, and Pantoprazole as Determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatograpy", Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 25(9), 1057-1065 (1999)), and while the stability is somewhat buffer dependent, typical half-lives for omeprazole are about 1 hour at pH 5 and about 40 hours at pH 7, which is about 1-2 orders of magnitude shorter than the prodrug half-lives presented in Table 3 A.
- Example 7 A capsule containing 40 mg of compound 6 is administered to a patient suffering from heartburn. Two hours later, a capsule containing 40 mg of MK- 571 is administered to the same patient. This therapy is repeated daily, and relief from heartburn is experienced for as long as the therapy continues.
- Compound 1 60 mg
- MK-571 40 mg
- the solution is allowed to cool to room temperature, and the entire volume of solution is administered to a patient suffering from heartburn. This procedure is repeated daily, and relief from heartburn is experienced for as long as the therapy continues.
- Example 9 A capsule containing compound 6 (60 mg) and glutathione (200 mg) is administered to a patient having an ulcer. This therapy is repeated daily, and relief from symptoms is experienced for as long as the therapy continues.
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US10/597,225 US20090048302A1 (en) | 2004-03-11 | 2005-03-03 | Methods and compositions for the treatment of conditions related to gastric acid secretion |
CA002559127A CA2559127A1 (en) | 2004-03-11 | 2005-03-03 | Methods and compositions for the treatment of conditions related to gastric acid secretion |
BRPI0507796-6A BRPI0507796A (en) | 2004-03-11 | 2005-03-03 | methods and compositions for treating conditions related to gastric acid secretion |
EP05724537A EP1722794A1 (en) | 2004-03-11 | 2005-03-03 | Methods and compositions for the treatment of conditions related to gastric acid secretion |
AU2005222574A AU2005222574A1 (en) | 2004-03-11 | 2005-03-03 | Methods and compositions for the treatment of conditions related to gastric acid secretion |
US12/639,627 US20100298205A1 (en) | 2004-03-11 | 2009-12-16 | Methods and compositions for the treatment of conditions related to gastric acid secretion |
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US (2) | US20090048302A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1722794A1 (en) |
AR (1) | AR048428A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2005222574A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0507796A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2559127A1 (en) |
TW (1) | TW200538126A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005089758A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2007081871A1 (en) * | 2006-01-10 | 2007-07-19 | Allergan, Inc. | Therapeutic salt compositions of sulfonyl ester prodrugs of proton pump inhibitors and methods for their preparation |
Family Cites Families (2)
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US6093734A (en) * | 1998-08-10 | 2000-07-25 | Partnership Of Michael E. Garst, George Sachs, And Jai Moo Shin | Prodrugs of proton pump inhibitors |
ATE323695T1 (en) * | 2002-07-19 | 2006-05-15 | Winston Pharmaceuticals Llc | BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES AND USE THEREOF AS PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR PRODRUGS |
-
2005
- 2005-03-03 US US10/597,225 patent/US20090048302A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-03-03 WO PCT/US2005/007015 patent/WO2005089758A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-03-03 CA CA002559127A patent/CA2559127A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-03-03 AU AU2005222574A patent/AU2005222574A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-03-03 BR BRPI0507796-6A patent/BRPI0507796A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-03-03 EP EP05724537A patent/EP1722794A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-03-11 AR ARP050100948A patent/AR048428A1/en unknown
- 2005-03-11 TW TW094107658A patent/TW200538126A/en unknown
-
2009
- 2009-12-16 US US12/639,627 patent/US20100298205A1/en not_active Abandoned
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DIETRICH C G ET AL: "ABC of oral bioavailability: Transporters as gatekeepers in the gut.", GUT, vol. 52, no. 12, December 2003 (2003-12-01), pages 1788 - 1795, XP009051184, ISSN: 0017-5749 * |
IM W B ET AL: "REVERSAL OF ANTISECRETORY ACTIVITY OF OMEPRAZOLE BY SULFHYDRYL COMPOUNDS IN ISOLATED RABBIT GASTRIC GLANDS", BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA, vol. 845, no. 1, 1985, pages 54 - 59, XP002337739, ISSN: 0006-3002 * |
MORIYAMA YOSHINORI ET AL: "Evidence for a common binding site for omeprazole and N-ethylmaleimide in subunit A of chromaffin granule vacuolar-type H+-ATPase", BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS, vol. 196, no. 2, 1993, pages 699 - 706, XP002337740, ISSN: 0006-291X * |
PAULI-MAGNUS CHRISTIANE ET AL: "Interaction of omeprazole, lansoprazole and pantoprazole with P-glycoprotein", NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY, vol. 364, no. 6, December 2001 (2001-12-01), pages 551 - 557, XP002337738, ISSN: 0028-1298 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2007081871A1 (en) * | 2006-01-10 | 2007-07-19 | Allergan, Inc. | Therapeutic salt compositions of sulfonyl ester prodrugs of proton pump inhibitors and methods for their preparation |
Also Published As
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US20100298205A1 (en) | 2010-11-25 |
EP1722794A1 (en) | 2006-11-22 |
CA2559127A1 (en) | 2005-09-29 |
TW200538126A (en) | 2005-12-01 |
BRPI0507796A (en) | 2007-07-17 |
AR048428A1 (en) | 2006-04-26 |
US20090048302A1 (en) | 2009-02-19 |
AU2005222574A1 (en) | 2005-09-29 |
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