WO2005085878A1 - Procede pour proteger les donnees d'un compteur electrique a prepaiement, et dispositif de systeme de mesure enregistreur - Google Patents

Procede pour proteger les donnees d'un compteur electrique a prepaiement, et dispositif de systeme de mesure enregistreur Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2005085878A1
WO2005085878A1 PCT/CN2005/000252 CN2005000252W WO2005085878A1 WO 2005085878 A1 WO2005085878 A1 WO 2005085878A1 CN 2005000252 W CN2005000252 W CN 2005000252W WO 2005085878 A1 WO2005085878 A1 WO 2005085878A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
user
carrier
circuit
energy meter
meter reading
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2005/000252
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Changyuan Qi
Original Assignee
Changyuan Qi
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Changyuan Qi filed Critical Changyuan Qi
Priority to EA200601604A priority Critical patent/EA009690B1/ru
Publication of WO2005085878A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005085878A1/zh

Links

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R11/00Electromechanical arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. of consumption
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R11/00Electromechanical arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. of consumption
    • G01R11/56Special tariff meters

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to electric energy measurement, control and charging management technology, and particularly uses a power line carrier as an information channel to perform centralized meter reading and charging, and implements a prepayment function on each user's electric energy meter, thereby protecting data information security and preventing external malicious attacks.
  • a power line carrier as an information channel to perform centralized meter reading and charging, and implements a prepayment function on each user's electric energy meter, thereby protecting data information security and preventing external malicious attacks.
  • Decentralized control management system Background technique
  • Chinese patent ZL 01261220.0 single-phase smart card electric energy meter
  • Chinese patent ZL 02223241.9 digital pre-paid electric energy meter
  • the two patented technologies are to intelligently encrypt the user's power purchase information through the single-chip microcomputer in the IC card or keyboard, and intelligently interpret the input user's power purchase information through the single-chip microcomputer installed in the energy meter, thereby achieving improvement.
  • the purpose of the security level of the user's power purchase information is to intelligently encrypt the user's power purchase information through the single-chip microcomputer in the IC card or keyboard, and intelligently interpret the input user's power purchase information through the single-chip microcomputer installed in the energy meter, thereby achieving improvement.
  • the purpose of the security level of the user's power purchase information is to intelligently encrypt the user's power purchase information through the single-chip microcomputer in the IC card or keyboard, and intelligently interpret the input user's power purchase information through the single-chip microcomputer installed in the energy meter, thereby
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a power meter reading charging and control management technology that can solve the problem of remote automatic meter reading charging of electric energy, and can protect the data information security of electricity purchase charging, so that it can fundamentally avoid external attacks. Its data security protection method.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a meter reading system device for electric energy meter reading charging and distributed control management.
  • the method proposed by the present invention is: establishing a meter reading, control and charging management database on a meter reading and selling electricity computer; setting a meter reading concentrator on the low-voltage side of the user transformer; and setting a connection with the user at each user's power line access terminal.
  • the energy meter is installed together and contains a carrier module for the power purchase data storage circuit.
  • the management and control process of the user's electricity purchase charges is as follows: a. When the user purchases electricity, the charge manager enters the sales management window of the meter reading and sales computer with a password, collects the money, and prints the receipt; b.
  • the electricity purchase data information is sold by the meter reading and selling
  • the computer sends the data to the carrier meter reading concentrator through the uplink channel.
  • the meter reading concentrator forwards the user's power purchase data to the user's energy meter through the power line carrier; c. After the user's energy meter carrier module receives the information, the single chip in the module The computer immediately reads the data and stores the power purchase data in the power purchase data storage circuit in the prescribed format. At the same time, the confirmation information of the power purchase data is transmitted back to the meter reading concentrator through the power line carrier, and the meter reading concentrator returns through the upstream channel.
  • Meter reading and sales computer d.
  • Each user's energy meter carrier module collects real-time incremental information on user power consumption, and compares with the power purchase data and calculates the balance for each additional KWh.
  • the carrier module issues audible and optical warnings and prompts the balance of power purchase data; e.
  • the carrier mode Operation relay power F, repeat the process when the user re-purchase payment, the user module carrier meter detects electrical data available balance is greater than 0, the operation relay is energized.
  • the user's energy meter carrier module When the user's energy meter carrier module receives the user's power purchase data, it performs a password check in addition to In addition to the verification, parity, and frame data and verification, the data must be sent back to the meter reading and sales computer for confirmation. Because the data is the sum of multiple power purchase data, the stored value in the power purchase data storage circuit in the carrier module should be consistent with the value sent by the meter reading and sales computer. After the meter reading and sales computer sends the user's power purchase data, if no return information is received, or the returned data is inconsistent with the sent value, the communication will be automatically resent if the communication error occurs; The transmission is still wrong, indicating that the communication channel is temporarily unavailable. You can temporarily record the transmission value on the hard disk of the computer.
  • the operator After one or two hours, the operator operates the transmission again until the transmission is successful.
  • the carrier communication channel will always send the user's power purchase data information successfully within 24 hours. This guarantees that users will not miss or send wrongly purchased electrical data.
  • Energy meter reading charging and decentralized control management meter reading system device includes establishing a meter reading, control and charging management database on the meter reading and selling computer; setting up a carrier meter reading concentrator on the low-voltage side of the user transformer; entering the customer's power line into the client A carrier module capable of data acquisition, carrier communication and control output is set at the energy meter; the user energy meter carrier module contains a power purchase data storage circuit composed of non-volatile RAM (EEPROM, FRAM) devices and is installed with the user energy meter Together; the meter reading and sales computer accesses the uplink channel consisting of the public telephone network through a modem; the meter reading concentrator also accesses the uplink channel consisting of the public telephone network through a modem on the one hand, and the low voltage through the carrier communication module on the other hand Downstream channel composed of power supply lines; a carrier module installed with the user's energy meter, one channel is connected to the downlink channel composed of the low-voltage power supply line through a coupling capacitor, and
  • the uplink channel may also be a mobile communication network, or a dedicated communication network composed of optical fibers, microwaves, digital radio stations, coaxial cables, and twisted pairs.
  • a mobile communication network or a dedicated communication network composed of optical fibers, microwaves, digital radio stations, coaxial cables, and twisted pairs.
  • the power purchase data information of the user is transmitted through the fully closed and secure power line carrier channel, which removes the open window of the IC card type and other types of pre-paid energy meters, protecting the power purchase data information and preventing it from being malicious. Attack changes.
  • the user's power purchase data information is stored on the user's energy meter, meter reading concentrator, and meter sales computer at the same time. When any device in the system is damaged, the user power purchase data can still be recovered 100%. It avoids the user disputes that are prone to occur with IC card type and other types of pre-paid energy meters, and it is easy to obtain scientific evidence even if it happens occasionally.
  • the meter reading computer at the main station can timely adjust the electricity price according to the new electricity price policies (such as peak and valley electricity prices, and high and low electricity prices), which are fast and reliable, and will not affect social stability. happened.
  • the new electricity price policies such as peak and valley electricity prices, and high and low electricity prices
  • the power management department cannot know the actual power consumption of each user in the month, and therefore cannot calculate the amount of electricity charges actually recovered from the user in that month. If a large "line loss” rate occurs due to abnormal power consumption (such as stealing electricity, leaking electricity, etc.), it may cause huge “line loss” and long-term accumulation of electricity charges.
  • the method provided by the present invention can accurately and timely copy Calculate the "line loss" of the month, and you can find and take measures in time to avoid huge losses that are difficult to remedy.
  • the method provided by the present invention not only solves the shortcomings of charging difficulties of the known technology "power line carrier energy meter”, but also eliminates the known technology "IC card type and other pre-paid energy meters, which are vulnerable to attacks and” legal theft.
  • Electricity, information security loopholes The distribution, use, measurement and charging of electricity can be placed in a fully transparent computer supervision and control, so that the power supply company or property company can completely relieve the heavy burden of long-term arrears and large amounts of arrears by users. Provides effective technical means for the recovery of huge investment in power systems.
  • Ben The implementation cost of the invention is basically equivalent to the known "power line carrier energy meters” and “pre-paid energy meters such as IC cards”. Performance and functionality have doubled but the price remains the same. Therefore, the performance-price ratio is high, the use risk is small, and the comprehensive benefit is good.
  • the method and system provided by the present invention save manpower and financial resources.
  • One person in the office can know the electricity consumption and electricity collection index of each user in the entire unit or community, blocking the theft of electricity, protecting the legitimate rights and interests of power supply companies, and can be widely used in units and residential communities.
  • the technology of the people has good social and economic benefits.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method provided by the present invention and a structural block diagram of a system device
  • FIG. 2 is a structural block diagram of the meter reading concentrator of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 2 is a structural block diagram of the meter reading concentrator of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a structural block diagram of the carrier module of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a circuit schematic diagram of a signal coupling circuit, a signal receiving circuit, and a signal transmitting circuit in the carrier module of FIG. 3;
  • Fig. 5 is a circuit schematic diagram of the carrier signal demodulation circuit [15] of Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a pulse input circuit of the data storage circuit, sampling and metering module to a single-chip computer system of Fig. 3;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a data storage circuit composed of a ferroelectric memory
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the data storage circuit composed of the serial communication interface and the ferroelectric memory of the single-chip microcomputer system;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a data storage circuit composed of an I 2 C bus interface and a ferroelectric memory of a single-chip computer system;
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of an alarm state display circuit and a latch buffer control circuit
  • Fig. 11 is a carrier signal modulation circuit
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a carrier signal modulation and demodulation circuit according to another embodiment
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a carrier signal modulation and demodulation circuit in an embodiment
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a carrier signal modulation and demodulation circuit in another embodiment.
  • the meter reading system device is composed according to the following principles: a. Establish a meter reading, control, and charge management database in the meter reading and electricity calculation 1; b. Set a carrier meter reading concentrator 3 on the low-voltage side of the user transformer; c. Set a carrier module 4 that can realize data collection, carrier communication and control output on each user's energy meter; d, the user energy meter carrier module contains a Non-volatile RAM (EEPROM, FRAM) devices are used to store electricity purchase data storage circuits and are installed together with consumer energy meters; e.
  • EEPROM, FRAM Non-volatile RAM
  • Meter reading and sales computer 1 is connected to the public telephone network through a modem, and the public telephone network can be a mobile communication network Or an uplink channel composed of a dedicated communication network composed of optical fibers, microwaves, digital radio stations, coaxial cables, and twisted pairs; f.
  • Meter reading concentrator 3 the aspect also accesses an uplink channel composed of a public telephone network through a modem. 2.
  • it is connected to the low-voltage power supply line through three carrier communication modules 4.
  • the user energy meter carrier module is connected to the downstream channel 6 formed by the low-voltage power supply line through a coupling capacitor, and the other is directly connected to the pulse output terminal of the user energy meter 5.
  • the control relay receives the on-off control signal from the single-chip microcomputer.
  • the power output contact is connected in series to the output end of the phase line of the energy meter.
  • the management and control process of the user's electricity purchase charges is as follows: a. When the user purchases electricity, the charge manager enters the sales management window of the meter reading and sales computer 1 with a password, collects the money and prints the receipt; b. The electricity purchase data information is sold by the meter reading The computer 1 sends to the carrier meter reading concentrator 3 through the uplink channel 2. The meter reading concentrator 3 receives the user's power purchase data and forwards it to the user energy meter 5 through the power line 6 carrier; c. The user energy meter carrier module 4 receives the After the information, the single-chip computer in the module immediately reads it, stores the power purchase data in the specified format to the power purchase data storage circuit, and receives the confirmation of the power purchase data.
  • Each user's energy meter carrier module 4 collects the real-time incremental information of the user's electricity consumption. Increase lKWh and compare with the power purchase data and calculate the balance.
  • the carrier module issues an audible and optical warning and prompts the power purchase data balance; e.
  • the power purchase data balance decreases to 0, The carrier module operation relay is powered off; f.
  • the user repeats the payment and purchases the electricity again the above process is repeated.
  • the operation relay is energized.
  • the meter reading and sales computer 1 After the meter reading and sales computer 1 sends the user's power purchase data, if no return information is received, or the returned data is not consistent with the sent value, the communication is considered to be an error and can be automatically resent. The retransmission is still wrong, indicating that the communication channel is temporarily unavailable. You can temporarily record the value of the transmission on the hard disk of the computer. After one or two hours, the operator operates the transmission again until the transmission is successful.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the composition of a carrier meter reading concentrator 3 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the power module 7 provides the required power for the concentrator
  • the telephone line 12 transmits the settings from the meter reading database in the meter reading and sales computer 1 to the meter reading command and user power purchase data, etc. into the modem 8, and the modem 8 demodulates the modem.
  • the information is transferred to the arithmetic control circuit 9 through the RS-232C interface, and the arithmetic control circuit 9 transfers the meter reading data or the user's electricity purchase data transmitted from the carrier communication module 11 to the data storage circuit 10.
  • the data storage circuit 10 is composed of non-volatile RAM (EEPROM, FRAM) devices, and the database will not lose data information even if other conditions such as power failure occur.
  • the three carrier communication modules 11 are connected to the three-phase power lines A, B, and C through capacitive coupling.
  • the meter reading control command and the user power purchase data are sent to the user energy meter carrier module 4; on the other hand, the user energy meter carrier module is accepted. 4
  • the uploaded meter reading data and user power purchase data confirmation information are forwarded to the arithmetic control circuit 9. Calculation control circuit. 9 After receiving the meter reading control command, the meter reading data or user electricity purchase data in the data storage circuit 10 is passed through the RS-232C interface. To modem 8.
  • the modem 8 forwards the modulated meter reading or power purchase data to the meter reading and sales computer 1 for receiving through an uplink channel 12 composed of a telephone line.
  • the operation control circuit 9 is composed of a single-chip computer as the core device, and the above-mentioned data operation processing and communication control program are solidified in the program memory of the single-chip microcomputer.
  • the three carrier communication modules 11 also use a single-chip computer as the core device, and are composed of a specially designed carrier communication dedicated integrated circuit or a modem integrated circuit.
  • the modem 8 may be a modified MODEM, or may be formed by a specially designed MODEM chip.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the composition of a user energy meter carrier module 4 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • L and N are the phase and neutral lines of the power line
  • 13 is a carrier signal coupling circuit
  • 14 is a carrier signal receiving circuit
  • 15 is a carrier signal demodulation circuit
  • 16 is a single-chip computer system
  • 17 is an energy meter pulse input circuit.
  • 18 is a running alarm state display circuit
  • 19 is a latch buffer control circuit
  • 20 is a data storage circuit
  • 21 is a carrier signal modulation circuit
  • 22 is a carrier signal transmission circuit.
  • the carrier signals on the power lines L, N enter the signal receiving circuit 14 via the coupling circuit [13].
  • the signal receiving circuit 14 pre-processes the signal and enters the carrier signal demodulation circuit 15.
  • the digital signal demodulated by the carrier signal demodulation circuit 15 is sent to a single-chip computer system 16 for identification calculation processing. If it is identified that the power purchase data information sent by the master station is stored in the data storage circuit 20, the confirmation return data information is sent to the carrier signal modulation circuit 21.
  • the carrier signal modulation circuit 21 is modulated in accordance with the principle of spread spectrum or FSK and is then sent to the carrier signal transmission circuit 22, and is sent to the power lines L and N through the carrier signal coupling circuit 13; if it is recognized that it is a meter reading command from the concentrator, The user's electricity purchase data or real-time meter reading data stored in the data storage circuit 20 is packaged and sent to the power lines L and N in the same way and steps as described above; if it is identified that the on-off control command forwarded by the concentrator is passed, The latch buffer control circuit [19] outputs the corresponding operation action to the control relay KJ.
  • the real-time metering pulse MC from the energy meter 5 enters the single-chip computer system through the energy meter pulse input circuit 17 16 performs counting and calculation, and the operation result is stored in the data storage circuit 20. Each time the operation result is increased by 1 Kwh, the single-chip computer system 16 compares the electricity count value with the user power purchase data in the data storage circuit 20 to calculate the user power purchase data balance. If the user power purchase data balance is equal to zero, the lock is locked.
  • the storage buffer control circuit 19 outputs a power failure command, and simultaneously outputs a power failure status display signal to the running alarm status display circuit 18; if the user's power purchase data balance is less than a set value (such as lOKwh) and greater than 0, the running alarm status is displayed
  • the circuit 18 outputs an acousto-optic alarm signal; if the balance of power purchase data is greater than or equal to a set value (such as lOKwh), the original running state is maintained.
  • the intelligent processing programs such as the above-mentioned communication operation control are all solidified in the program memory in the single-chip computer system 16.
  • the single-chip computer system 16 may also be composed of a digital signal processor DSP.
  • the data storage circuit 20 may be composed of an EEPROM or a ferroelectric memory FRAM.
  • FIG. 4 shows a circuit principle diagram of the signal coupling circuit 13, the signal receiving circuit 14, and the signal transmitting circuit 22 in the user energy meter carrier module 4 in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the carrier signals input by the power lines 1 ⁇ and N enter the impedance converters T and Dl through the coupling capacitor C1, and then are coupled to IN through the resistor Rl, the capacitors C3 and C2, the inductor Ll, and the diodes D2 and D3.
  • the output signal from OUT is amplified by a power amplifier composed of transistors Ql, Q2, Q3, Q4 and capacitors C5, C6, resistors R2, R3, and diodes D4, D5, D6, and D7, and then is coupled to inductor L2 and capacitor C4.
  • the impedance converter T is coupled to the power line L and N outputs by the capacitor C1.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic circuit diagram of the FSK carrier signal demodulation circuit 15 in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the signal from the signal receiving circuit 14 enters through IN, passes U1 (MC3361), capacitors Cll, C12, C13, C14, C15, C16, C17, C18, resistors R9, RIO and CR1, CR2, BF1 and U2 (LM258)
  • Capacitors C7, C8, C9, CIO, resistors R4, R5> R6, R7, R8, Rll, etc. are mixed and discriminated by IN1, Pl.x and input into the single-chip computer system 16.
  • FIG. 6 shows a data storage circuit [20] and sampling in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the single-chip computer system 16 can be the MCS-51 series, or the PIC series or any other single-chip computer with crystal XI, capacitors C19, and C20.
  • the pulse input circuit of the sampling measurement module 17 to the single-chip computer system 16 is composed of a photocoupler U3 and a resistor R12, and the measurement pulse is input by CF0 and CF1.
  • the data storage circuit 20 is composed of U4 (X25045) and resistor R13.
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of a data storage circuit 20 composed of a ferroelectric memory U5 ( ⁇ M25040) and a resistor R14 in another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 shows a schematic diagram of a data storage circuit 20 composed of a serial communication interface RXD, TXD of a single-chip microcomputer system and a ferroelectric memory U6 (FM25040) in another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic diagram of a data storage circuit 20 composed of a single-chip computer system I 2 C bus interface, a ferroelectric memory U7 (FM24C04), and resistors R15 and R16 in another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 shows a schematic circuit diagram of the alarm state display circuit 18 and the latch buffer control circuit 19 in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the control signal output by P3.x is decoded by U5 (BH3024) and resistors R20, R21, R22, latches and drives the relay KJ to operate.
  • Resistors R17, R18, R19 and LED D8 form a tri-state (bright, flashing, dark) display 18.
  • FIG. 11 shows the principle of an FSK carrier signal modulation circuit 21 composed of two pieces of 4001, capacitors C23, C24, C25, C26 and resistors R23, R24, R25, R26, CR3, CR4 and one piece of 4013 in an embodiment of the present invention. Illustration.
  • the modulated signal is amplified by transistor Q5, resistor R27, and capacitor C27 and then output by OUT.
  • FIG. 12 shows a schematic diagram of a carrier signal demodulation circuit 15 and a carrier signal modulation circuit 21 in another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the carrier signal of the signal coupling circuit 1 through IN is mixed with U1 (MC3361), resistors R28, R32 and capacitors C29, C31 and BF1, and then coupled to transistor Q6, resistors R29, R30, R31 is amplified at high frequency, and then coupled to the dedicated spread-spectrum communication integrated circuit U12 (PL2000A) via capacitor C30 for demodulation.
  • the demodulated digital signal is sent to a single-chip computer MCU for identification and processing.
  • the single-chip computer MCU needs to send user power purchase data or real-time meter reading data to the dedicated spread spectrum communication integrated circuit U12 for modulation, and then sends it to the signal coupling link 1 through OUT.
  • Capacitors C32, X3, C33> C34, resistors R34, R35, R36, R33, capacitors C35, C36, C37, C38, C39, C40, and crystal X4 are all U12 peripheral circuit components.
  • FIG. 13 shows a schematic diagram of a carrier signal demodulation circuit 15 and a carrier signal modulation circuit 21 in still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Signal coupling circuit 1 The carrier signal input through IN is coupled to a dedicated spread-spectrum communication integrated circuit U13 (PL2000B) by the capacitor C42 after high-frequency amplification by the transistor Q7, resistors R37, R38, R39, R40, and capacitor C41.
  • the output digital signal is sent to a single-chip computer MCU for identification calculation processing.
  • the single-chip computer MCU needs to send user power purchase data or real-time meter reading data to the dedicated spread spectrum communication integrated circuit U13 for modulation, and then sends it to the signal coupling circuit 1 through OUT.
  • resistors R44, R41, R42, R43, R45 and capacitors C43, C45, C46, C47 are U13 peripheral circuit components.
  • Crystal X5 and capacitor C44 are the peripheral components of the MCU's clock circuit.
  • FIG. 14 shows a schematic diagram of a carrier signal demodulation circuit 15 and a carrier signal modulation circuit 21 in still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Signal coupling circuit 1 The carrier signal input through IN is high-frequency amplified by triode Q8, R46, R47, R48, R49, and capacitor C48.
  • the capacitor C49 is coupled to a dedicated spread-spectrum communication integrated circuit U14 (PL2101) for demodulation and demodulation.
  • the digital signal is sent to a single-chip computer MCU for identification and processing.
  • the single-chip computer MCU needs to send user power purchase data or real-time meter reading data to the dedicated spread spectrum communication integrated circuit U14 for modulation, and then sends it to the signal coupling circuit 1 through OUT.
  • resistors R53, R50, R51, R52, R54 and crystal X6, capacitors C50, C51, C52, C58, C59, C60 and BF3 are U14 peripheral circuit components.
  • Crystal X7, capacitors C56, C57, and battery BAT are U14 containing
  • the peripheral components of the real-time clock circuit facilitate the design of multi-rate prepaid energy meters.
  • one of the special energy meter chips such as AD7755, BL0932, BL0955, or CS5460, is selected, and the user's energy meter 5 is composed of the core device.
  • Each of the above circuits is composed of a carrier wave module 4 according to the functional block diagram of FIG. 3, and can be integrated with a user's energy meter 5 and assembled in a watch case.
  • a meter reading concentrator is formed, and the carrier communication and operation processing programs are solidified in the program memory of the MCU.
  • the customer energy meter 5 and the carrier module 4 are integrated and installed at various power users; the concentrator 3 is installed at the low-voltage side of the power supply transformer or the power inlet of the power load center, and is connected to a telephone inlet line.
  • the concentrator 3 is installed at the low-voltage side of the power supply transformer or the power inlet of the power load center, and is connected to a telephone inlet line.

Description

预付费电能表的载波式
数据安全保护方法及抄表系统装置 技术领域
本发明属于电能计量、 控制及收费管理技术, 特别是以电力 线载波为信息通道进行集中抄表收费, 在各用户电能表上实现预 付费功能, 达到保护数据信息安全, 使其避免外界恶意攻击的分 散控制管理系统。 背景技术
电能的计量与收费, 目前大多还是采用在各个用户供电入口 安装电能表, 专职抄表人员定时上门抄表, 然后各个用户再到收 费处缴费的管理方法。 这种方法既费时费力, 又免不了各种原因 引起的差错。 由于没有有效的监控措施清缴电费, 使不少供电企 业或物业公司的用户电力欠费越来越多, 甚至不得不用大面积断 电来督促缴纳电费, 直接影响了人们生活和社会安定。
对于电能表收费难的问题, 中国专利 ZL 01261220.0《单相 智能卡电能表》和中国专利 ZL 02223241.9《数码式预付费电能表》 都提出了既解决预收电费, 又提高保密程度的电能表方案。 这两 份专利技术都是通过 IC 卡或键盘中的单片机对用户购电信息进 行智能化加密, 又通过安装于电能表中的单片机对输入的用户购 电信息进行智能化解读, 以此达到提高用户购电信息安全程度的 目的。由于这两种方案仍然存在 IC卡或键盘这样一个对用户开放 的数据输入窗口, 所以只是增加了防止外界恶意攻击的程度, 而 不能从根本上避免外界攻击, 也没有信息回馈通道能够让抄表售 电计算机经常核对用户的抄表及购电数据。 因此, 用户购电收费 和用电抄表的数据信息仍然存在较大的安全漏洞。 发明内容
本发明的目的, 旨在提供一种既能解决电能远程自动抄表收 费问题, 又能保护购电收费的数据信息安全, 使其从根本上避免 外界攻击的电能抄表收费和控制管理技术及其数据安全保护方 法。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种电能抄表收费和分散控制管 理抄表系统装置。
本发明所提出的方法是: 在抄表售电计算机上建立一个抄 表、 控制和收费管理数据库; 在用户变压器低压侧设置一个抄表 集中器; 在各个用户电力线进户端, 设置一个与用户电能表安装 在一起并含有一个购电数据存储电路的载波模块。 用户购电收费 管理和控制过程如下: a、 用户购电时, 收费管理人员凭密码进入 抄表售电计算机的销售管理窗口, 收款并打印收据; b、 购电数据 信息由抄表售电计算机通过上行信道发送到载波抄表集中器, 抄 表集中器收到用户购电数据即通过电力线载波向用户电能表转 发; c、 用户电能表载波模块收到该信息后, 模块内的单片计算机 立即判读, 把购电数据以规定的格式存储到购电数据存储电路, 同时将收到购电数据的确认信息通过电力线载波传回抄表集中 器, 抄表集中器再通过上行信道传回抄表售电计算机; d、各用户 电能表载波模块实时采集用户用电的增量信息, 每增加 lKWh就 和购电数据比较并计算余额,当购电数据佘额减少到设定值以下, 载波模块发出声、 光警告并提示购电数据余额; e、 当购电数据余 额减少到 0时, 载波模块操作继电器断电; f、 当用户再次交款购 电时重复上述过程, 用户电能表载波模块检测到购电数据余额大 于 0时, 操作继电器通电。
用户电能表载波模块收到用户购电数据时, 除了进行密码验 证、 奇偶校验和帧数据和验证之外, 还要把该数据发回抄表售电 计算机确认。 由于该数据为多次购电数据的总和, 所以载波模块 中购电数据存储电路中的存储值应与抄表售电计算机的发送值一 致。 当抄表售电计算机发送了用户的购电数据以后, 如果收不到 返回信息, 或者收到的返回数据与发送值不一致, 则认为该次通 信出错就可自动重发; 如果连续多次重发仍然出错, 说明通信信 道暂时不通, 就可以把该次发送值暂记于计算机的硬盘上, 过一 两个小时操作员再次操作发送, 直到发送成功为止。 一般地, 在 供电线路连通的情况下,载波通信信道总会在 24小时之内把用户 购电数据信息发送成功。 这就保证了用户购""电数据不会漏发或错 发。
电能抄表收费和分散控制管理抄表系统装置包括在抄表售 电计算机建立一个抄表、 控制和收费管理数据库; 在用户变压器 低压侧设置一个载波抄表集中器; 在各个用户电力线进户端电能 表处设置一个能够实现数据采集、 载波通信和控制输出的载波模 块; 用户电能表载波模块含有一个由非易失 RAM ( EEPROM, FRAM ) 器件组成的购电数据存储电路并与用户电能表安装在一 起; 抄表售电计算机通过调制解调器接入公用电话网组成的上行 信道; 抄表集中器一方面也通过调制解调器接入公用电话网等组 成的上行信道, 另一方面通过载波通信模块接入低压供电线路组 成的下行信道; 与用户电能表安装在一起的载波模块, 一路通过 耦合电容接入低压供电线路组成的下行信道, 另一路直接与用户 电能表的脉冲输出端相连, 安装于载波模块上的控制继电器接收 来自单片机的通断控制信号, 功率输出触点串接于电能表相线的 输出端。
其中, 上行信道也可以是移动通信网, 或者是利用光纤、 微 波、 数传电台、 同轴电缆、 欢绞线组成的专用通信网络。 本发明所提出的方法和系统装置与现有技术相比,具有以下 优点:
1、 兼有预付费电能表彻底杜绝用户欠费的优点, 还有载波 式电能表负荷分析控制到户, 运行状态实时监控的优点。 既可解 决抄表难, 又可解决收费难这两大问题。
2、 用户购电数据信息通过全封闭、 保密性好的电力线载波 信道传递,去除了 IC卡式等类型预付费电能表的开放式窗口,保 护购电数据信息安全, 使其不会受到任何恶意攻击而改变。
3、 用户购电数据信息同时保存在用户电能表、 抄表集中器 和抄表售电计算机上, 系统中任何一个设备受到损毁时, 用户购 电数据仍然可以 100%地恢复。避免了 IC卡式等类型预付费电能 表极易发生的用户糾纷, 即使偶尔发生, 也容易得到科学取证。
4、 在电价及其他用电政策需要调整时, 可以及时由主站抄 表计算机根据新的电价政策(如峰谷电价, 丰枯电价)等进行相 应调控, 快速可靠, 不会引发影响社会稳定的情况发生。
5、使用已知的 IC卡式等预付费电能表, 用电管理部门无法 知道各个用户当月的实际用电量, 也就无法核算当月从用户处实 际收回的电费数额。 如果因非正常用电 (如窃电、 漏电等)发生 较大的"线损"率, 就可能造成巨额"线损,,电费的长期积累。 本发 明所提供的方法由于能及时准确的抄录计算当月"线损", 可以及 时发现并采取措施避免难以补救的巨大损失发生。
6、本发明所提供的方法不仅解决了已知技术"电力线载波电 能表"收费难方面的不足, 而且杜绝了已知技术" IC卡式等预付费 电能表,,易受攻击、 "合法窃电,,的信息安全漏洞。 可以使电力的分 配、 使用、 计量和收费均置于全透明的计算机监督与控制之中, 使供电企业或物业公司彻底解除用户长期欠费、 大量欠费的沉重 负担。 为电力系统巨额投资的回收提供了有效的技术手段。 而本 发明的实施成本却和已知技术的"电力线载波电能表"、 "IC 卡等 预付费电能表"基本相当。 性能与功能翻了一番却可保持价格不 变。 因此性能价格比高, 使用风险小, 综合效益好。
本发^所提供的方法和系统节省了人力、 财力。 一个人在办 公室便可知整个单位或小区内各个用户的用电和电费收缴指数, 堵截了窃电行为, 维护了供电企业的合法权益, 可广泛用于单位、 居民小区, 是一项利国利民的技术, 具有很好的社会和经济综合 效益。 附图说明
图 1 为本发明提供方法的示意图和系统装置的结构原理框 图;
图 2 为图 1的抄表集中器的结构原理框图;
图 3 为图 1的载波模块的结构原理框图;
图 4为图 3.的载波模块中信号耦合电路、信号接收电路以及 信号发送电路的电路原理图;
图 5为图 3的载波信号解调电路【15]的电路原理图; 图 6为图 3的数据存储电路、采样计量模块到单片计算机系 统的脉沖输入电路原理图;
图 7为铁电存储器組成数据存储电路的原理图;
图 8为单片机系统的串行通信接口与铁电存储器组成数据存 储电路的原理图.;
图 9为单片计算机系统的 I2C总线接口与铁电存储器组成数 据存储电路的原理图;
图 10为报警状态显示电路和锁存緩冲控制电路原理图; 图 11为载波信号调制电路;
图 12为另一实施例载波信号调制解调电路原理图; 图 13为一个实施例中, 载波信号调制解调电路原理图; 图 14为再一个实施例中, 载波信号调制解调电路原理图。 具体实施方式
下面结合附图实施例对本发明具体实施方式作以说明: 参照图 1所示, 抄表系统装置按以下原理组成: a、 在抄表 售电计算 1建立一个抄表、 控制和收费管理数据库; b、 在用户变 压器低压侧设置一个载波抄表集中器 3; c、 在各个用户电能表设 置一个能够实现数据采集、载波通信和控制输出的载波模块 4; d、 用户电能表载波模块含有一个由非易失 RAM ( EEPROM , FRAM ) 器件组成的购电数据存储电路并与用户电能表安装在一 起; e、 抄表售电计算机 1通过调制解调器接入公用电话网, 公用 电话网可以是移动通信网, 或者是利用光纤、 微波、 数传电台、 同轴电缆、 双绞线组成的专用通信网络组成的上行信道; f、 抄表 集中器 3—方面也通过调制解调器接入公用电话网组成的上行信 道 2, 另一方面通过三个载波通信模块 4接入低压供电线路组成 的下行信道 6; g、 用户电能表载波模块一路通过耦合电容接入低 压供电线路组成的下行信道 6, 另一路直接与用户电能表 5的脉 冲输出端相连,其中控制继电器接收来自单片机的通断控制信号, 功率输出触点串接于电能表相线的输出端。
用户购电收费管理和控制过程如下: a、 用户购电时, 收费 管理人员凭密码进入抄表售电计算机 1的销售管理窗口, 收款并 打印收据; b、 购电数据信息由抄表售电计算机 1通过上行信道 2 发送到载波抄表集中器 3, 抄表集中器 3收到用户购电数据即通 过电力线 6载波向用户电能表 5转发; c、 用户电能表载波模块 4 收到该信息后, 模块内的单片计算机立即判读, 把购电数据以规 定的格式存储到购电数据存储电路, 同时将收到购电数据的确认 信息通过电力线 6载波传回抄表集中器, 抄表集中器再通过上行 信道 2传回抄表售电计算机 1; d、 各用户电能表载波模块 4实时 采集用户用电的增量信息, 每增加 lKWh就和购电数据比较并计 算余额, 当购电数据余额减少到设定值以下, 载波模块发出声、 光警告并提示购电数据余额; e、 当购电数据余额減少到 0时, 载 波模块操作继电器断电; f、当用户再次交款购电时重复上述过程, 用户电能表载波模块检测到购电数据余额大于 0时, 操作继电器 通电。
当抄表售电计算机 1发送了用户的购电数据以后,如果收不 到返回信息, 或者收到的返回数据与发送值不一致, 则认为该次 通信出错就可自动重发; 如果连续多次重发仍然出错, 说明通信 信道暂时不通, 就可以把该次发送值暂记于计算机的硬盘上, 过 一两个小时操作员再次操作发送, 直到发送成功为止。
图 2表示本发明一个实施例中的载波抄表集中器 3的组成原 理框图。 其中电源模块 7为集中器提供所需电源, 电话线 12传送 抄表售电计算机 1中抄表数据库来的设置、 抄表命令和用户购电 数据等信息进入调制解调器 8, 调制解调器 8把解调后的信息通 过 RS-232C接口转送至运算控制电路 9, 运算控制电路 9则把抄 表数据库或从载波通信模块 11 传送来的抄表数据和用户购电数 据转送入数据存储电路 10。 数据存储电路 10 由非易失 RAM ( EEPROM, FRAM ) 器件组成, 即使发生断电等其它情况, 该 数据库也不会丟失数据信息。三个载波通信模块 11通过电容耦合 连接到 A、 B、 C三相电力线上, 一方面向用户电能表载波模块 4 发送抄表控制命令和用户购电数据, 另一方面接受用户电能表载 波模块 4上传来的抄表数据、 用户购电数据确认信息, 再转送给 运算控制电路 9。 运算控制电路 .9在接收抄表控制命令后就把数 据存储电路 10中的抄表数据或用户购电数据通过 RS-232C接口 送到调制解调器 8。 调制解调器 8把调制了的抄表或购电数据通 过电话线组成的上行信道 12转送给抄表售电计算机 1接收。其中, 运算控制电路 9由单片计算机为核心器件组成, 上述数据运算处 理和通信控制程序固化在单片机的程序存储器中。 三个载波通信 模块 11也是以单片计算机为核心器件,与专门设计的载波通信专 用集成电路或调制解调集成电路共同组成。 调制解调器 8可以是 成品 MODEM改装, 也可以由专门设计制作的 MODEM芯片构 成。
图 3表示本发明一个实施例中用户电能表载波模块 4的组成 原理框图。 其中 L、 N为电力线的相线与零线, 13为载波信号耦 合电路, 14 为载波信号接收电路, 15 为载波信号解调电路, 16 为单片计算机系统, 17为电能表脉冲输入电路, 18为运行报警状 态显示电路, 19 为锁存緩沖控制电路, 20 为数据存储电路, 21 为载波信号调制电路, 22为载波信号发送电路。
电力线 L、 N上的载波信号经由耦合电路 [13】进入信号接收 电路 14。 信号接收电路 14对信号进行预处理后进入载波信号解 调电路 15。 由载波信号解调电路 15解调出的数字信号送入单片 计算机系统 16进行识别运算处理。如茱识别出是主站送来的购电 数据信息, 就保存于数据存储电路 20, 同时把确认返回数据信息 发送至载波信号调制电路 21。 载波信号调制电路 21按照扩频或 FSK原理调制后送至载波信号发送电路 22,并经过载波信号耦合 电路 13送到电力线 L、 N上; 如果识别出是集中器发来的抄表命 令,就把存放于数据存储电路 20中的用户购电数据或实时抄表数 据打包, 同样按照上述路径和步骤发送到电力线 L、 N上; 如果 识别出是集中器转发来的通断控制命令, 则通过锁存缓沖控制电 路 [19]输出相应操作动作到控制继电器 KJ。 由电能表 5来的实时 计量脉冲 MC,通过电能表脉冲输入电路 17进入单片计算机系统 16进行计数和运算,运算结果存储于数据存储电路 20。运算结果 每增加 lKwh时,单片计算机系统 16就将电量计数值与数据存储 电路 20中的用户购电数据进行比较, 计算出用户购电数据余额, 如用户购电数据余额等于零,就向锁存緩冲控制电路 19输出断电 命令, 同时向运行报警状态显示电路 18输出断电状态显示信号; 如用户购电数据余额小于设定值(如 lOKwh ) 并大于 0, 就向运 行报警状态显示电路 18输出声光报警信号;如购电数据余额大于 等于设定值(如 lOKwh ) , 则继续保持原运行状态不变。 上述通 信运算控制等智能处理程序全部固化在单片计算机系统 16 中的 程序存储器中。单片计算机系统 16也可以由数字信号处理器 DSP 組成。 数据存储电路 20可由 EEPROM组成, 也可以由铁电存储 器 FRAM组成。
图 4表示本发明一个实施例中, 用户电能表载波模块 4中信 号耦合电路 13、 信号接收电路 14以及信号发送电路 22的电路原 理图。 由电力线1^、 N输入的载波信号, 通过耦合电容 C1进入阻 抗变换器 T和 Dl, 然后通过电阻 Rl、 电容 C3及 C2、 电感 Ll、 二极管 D2、 D3耦合至 IN。 由 OUT进入的输出信号, 经三极管 Ql、 Q2、 Q3、 Q4及电容 C5、 C6, 电阻 R2、 R3 , 二极管 D4、 D5、 D6、 D7组成的功率放大器放大后, 由电感 L2、 电容 C4耦 合到阻抗变换器 T, 再由电容 C1耦合至电力线 L、 N输出。
图 5表示本发明一个实施例中, FSK载波信号解调电路 15 的电路原理图。 由信号接收电路 14来的信号通过 IN进入, 经 U1 ( MC3361 ) , 电容 Cll、 C12、 C13、 C14、 C15、 C16、 C17、 C18, 电阻 R9、 RIO及 CR1、 CR2、 BF1和 U2 ( LM258 ) , 电 容 C7、 C8、 C9、 CIO, 电阻 R4、 R5> R6、 R7、 R8、 Rll等混 频、 鉴频解调后由 IN1、 Pl.x输入单片计算机系统 16。
图 6表示本发明一个实施例中, 数据存储电路 [20】以及采样 计量模块 17到单片计算机系统 16的脉冲输入电路原理图。 单片 计算机系统 16可以是 MCS - 51系列,也可以是 PIC系列或其它 任何一款单片计算机与晶体 XI、 电容 C19、 C20组成。 采样计量 模块 17到单片计算机系统 16的脉冲输入电路由光电耦合器 U3、 电阻 R12組成, 计量脉冲由 CF0、 CF1输入。 数据存储电路 20 由 U4 ( X25045 ) 、 电阻 R13组成。
图 7 表示本发明另一个实施例中, 由铁电存储器 U5 ( ΓΜ25040 ) 与电阻 R14组成数据存储电路 20的原理图。
图 8表示本发明又一个实施例中,使用单片机系统的串行通 信接口 RXD、 TXD, 与铁电存储器 U6 ( FM25040 )組成的数据 存储电路 20的原理图。
图 9 表示本发明再一个实施例中, 使用单片计算机系统的 I2C总线接口, 与铁电存储器 U7 ( FM24C04 ) 和电阻 R15、 R16 组成的数据存储电路 20的原理图。
图 10表示本发明一个实施例中, 运行报警状态显示电路 18 和锁存緩冲控制电路 19的电路原理图。 由 P3.x输出的控制信号, 经 U5 ( BH3024 )及电阻 R20、 R21、 R22译码、 锁存并驱动继电 器 KJ动作。 电阻 R17、 R18、 R19和发光二极管 D8组成了一个 三态 (亮、 闪烁、 暗)显示器 18。
图 11表示本发明一个实施例中, 由 2片 4001、 电容 C23、 C24、 C25、 C26和电阻 R23、 R24、 R25、 R26及 CR3、 CR4和 1片 4013 组成的 FSK载波信号调制电路 21的原理图。调制信号 经三极管 Q5、 电阻 R27及电容 C27放大后由 OUT输出。
图 12表示本发明另一个实施例中, 载波信号解调电路 15、 载波信号调制电路 21的原理图。 信号耦合电路 1通过 IN输入的 载波信号, 经 U1 ( MC3361 )、 电阻 R28、 R32和电容 C29、 C31 及 BF1混频后经电容 C28耦合至三极管 Q6、 电阻 R29、 R30、 R31高频放大,再经电容 C30耦合进入专用扩频通信集成电路 U12 ( PL2000A )解调, 解调出的数字信号送入单片计算机 MCU进 行识别运算处理。 单片计算机 MCU需要发送的用户购电数据或 实时抄表数据同样输出到专用扩频通信集成电路 U12调制, 经过 OUT送到信号耦合环节 1。 图中电容 C32、 X3、 C33> C34、 电 阻 R34、 R35、 R36、 R33、 电容 C35、 C36、 C37、 C38、 C39、 C40 、 晶体 X4均为 U12的外围电路元件。
图 13表示本发明又一个实施例中, 载波信号解调电路 15、 载波信号调制电路 21的原理图。信号耦合电路 1 通过 IN输入的 载波信号, 经三极管 Q7、 电阻 R37、 R38、 R39、 R40及电容 C41 高频放大后由电容 C42 耦合进入专用扩频通信集成电路 U13 ( PL2000B )解调, 解调出的数字信号送入单片计算机 MCU进 行识别运算处理。 单片计算机 MCU需要发送的用户购电数据或 实时抄表数据同样输出到专用扩频通信集成电路 U13调制, 经过 OUT送到信号耦合电路 1。 图中 BF2、 电阻 R44、 R41、 R42、 R43、 R45和电容 C43、 C45、 C46、 C47均为 U13的外围电路元 件。 晶体 X5、 电容 C44则为 MCU的时钟电路外围元件。
图 14表示本发明再一个实施例中, 载波信号解调电路 15、 载波信号调制电路 21的原理图。信号耦合电路 1 通过 IN输入的 载波信号, 经三极管 Q8、 R46、 R47、 R48、 R49、 电容 C48高频 放大后由电容 C49耦合进入专用扩频通信集成电路 U14( PL2101 ) 解调, 解调出的数字信号送入单片计算机 MCU进行识别运算处 理。 单片计算机 MCU需要发送的用户购电数据或实时抄表数据 同样输出到专用扩频通信集成电路 U14调制, 经过 OUT送到信 号耦合电路 1。 图中电阻 R53、 R50、 R51、 R52、 R54和晶体 X6, 电容 C50、 C51、 C52、 C58、 C59、 C60及 BF3均为 U14的外围 电路元件。 晶体 X7、 电容 C56、 C57、 电池 BAT则为 U14含有 的实时时钟电路外围元件, 便于实现复费率预付费电能表设计。 综上所述, 选用 AD7755、 BL0932 BL0955或 CS5460等 专用电能表芯片中的一种, 以其为核心器件組成用户电能表 5。
选用数字信号处理器 DSP或 MCS - 51系列、 PIC系列等任 何一款单片计算机中的一种, 按照图 6组成单片机系统 16, 并将 通信运算及控制等智能处理程序全部固化在 MCU的程序存储器 中; 选用图 6、 图 7、 图 8或者图 9中的一种方案组成数据存储电 路 20; 选用图 12、 图 13、 图 14或者图 5加图 11中的一种方案, 組成载波模块 4中的载波信号解调电路 15、载波信号调制电路 21; 按照图 4电路组成信号耦合电路 13、 信号接收电路 14以及信号 发送电路 22 ; 按照图 10电路组成运行报警状态显示电路 18 和 锁存緩沖控制电路 19。 将上述各个电路按照图 3原理框图组成载 波模块 4, 并可与用户电能表 5整合组装在一个表壳中。按照图 2 原理框图組成抄表集中器, 并把载波通信、 运算处理程序固化在 其中 MCU的程序存储器中。
按图 1所示,用户电能表 5和载波模块 4整合后安装在各个 电力用户处; 集中器 3安装在供电变压器的低压端或用电负荷中 心电力入口处, 并为其连接一电话机入口线。 主站计算机安装抄 表售电软件后, 把各个用户电能表信息输入抄表售电数据库中, 并通过一个 Modem为其连接一电话机入口线即可工作。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种预付费电能表的数据安全保护方法,其特征在于用户 付费购电后,无须通过 IC卡、键盘对用户开放的窗口把购电数据 信息输入电能表, 而是由售电工作人员通过电力线载波信道直接 发送到用户电能表, 其预付费售电过程如下: a、 用户购电时, 收 费管理人员凭密码进入抄表售电计算机的销售管理窗口, 收款并 打印收据; b、购电数据信息由抄表售电计算机通过上行信道发送 到载波抄表集中器, 抄表集中器收到用户购电数据即通过电力线 载波向用户电能表转发; c、 用户电能表载波模块收到该信息后, 模块内的单片计算机立即判读, 把购电数据以规定的格式存储到 购电数据存储电路, 同时将收到购电数据的确认信息通过电力线 载波传回抄表集中器, 抄表集中器再通过上行信道传回抄表售电 计算机; d、各用户电能表载波模块实时采集用户用电的增量信息, 每增加 lKWh就和购电数据比较并计算余额, 当购电数据余额减 少到设定值以下, 载波模块发出声、光警告并提示购电数据余额; e、 当购电数据余额减少到 0 时, 载波模块操作继电器断电; f、 当用户再次交款购电时重复上述过程, 用户电能表载波模块检测 到购电数据余额大于 0时, 操作继电器通电。
1、 根据权利要求 1 所述的预付费电能表的数据安全保护方 法, 其特征在于用户电能表载波模块收到用户购电数据时, 除了 进行密码验证、 奇偶校验和帧数据和验证之外, 还要把该数据发 回抄表售电计算机确认。
3、 根据权利要求 1 所述的预付费电能表的数据安全保护方 法, 其特征在于抄表售电计算机向用户电能表载波模块发送的购 电数据为多次购电数据的总和, 载波模块中购电数据存储电路的 存储值与抄表售电计算机的发送值一致。 4、 一种根据权利要求 1所述方法设计的抄表收费和分散控制 管理系统装置, 其特征在于该系统装置按以下原理组成: a、 在抄 表售电计算机(1)建立一个抄表、 控制和收费管理数据库; b、 在用户变压器低压侧设置一个载波抄表集中器 (3) ; c、 在各个 用户电能表设置一个能够实现数据采集、 载波通信和控制输出的 载波模块(4) ; d、 用户电能表载波模块(4)含有一个由非易失 RAM (EEPROM, FRAM) 器件组成的购电数据存储电路并与 用户电能表安装在一起; e、 抄表售电计算机(1) 通过调制解调 器接入公用电话网或移动通信网, 或者是利用光纤、 微波、 数传 电台、同轴电缆、双绞线組成的专用通信网络组成的上行信道(2); f、 抄表集中器(3)—方面也通过调制解调器接入上行信道(2) , 另一方面通过载波通信模块( 4 )接入低压供电线路组成的下行信 道(6) ; g、 用户电能表载波模块一路通过耦合电容接入低压供 电线路組成的下行信道(6) , 另一路直接与用户电能表(5) 的 脉冲输出端相连, 其中控制继电器接收来自单片机的通断控制信 号, 功率输出触点串接于电能表相线的输出端。
5、 根据权利要求 4 所述的抄表收费和分散控制管理系统装 置, 其特征在于所述载波抄表集中器(3) 包括电源模块(7) 、 调制解调器(8) 、 运算控制电路(9) 、 数据存储电路(10) 和 载波通信模块( 11 ); 电话线( 12 )连接抄表售电计算机( 1 )和 调制解调器(8) , 调制解调器(8)通过 RS-232C接口与运算控 制电路(9)相连接, 运算控制电路(9) 又分别与载波通信模块
(11)和数据存储电路(10)相连接, 载波通信模块(11) 的一 端通过耦合电容分别连接到 A、 B、 C三相电力线(6)上。
6、 根据权利要求 4所述的预付费电能表的系统装置,其特征 在于所述用户电能表载波模块(4) 中: 载波信号耦合电路(13) 的一端与载波信号接收电路(14)连接, 载波信号接收电路(14) 与载波信号解调电路(15)连接, 载波信号解调电路(15) 与单 片计算机系统 (16) 连接, 电能表脉冲输入电路(17) 、 运行艮 警状态显示电路(18) 、 锁存緩冲控制电路(19) 与单片计算机 系统(16)连接, 单片计算机系统(16)又与数据存储电路(20)、 载波信号调制电路(21) 连接, 载波信号调制电路(21) 与载波 信号发送电路(22) 连接, 载波信号发送电路(22) 与载波信号 耦合电路(13) 的一端连接, 锁存緩冲控制电路(19) 连接有控 制继电器(KJ) , 电能表脉冲输入电路(17)连接实时计量脉冲 (MC) 。
7、 根据权利要求 4 所述的抄表收费和分散控制管理系统装 置, 其特征在于所述数据存储电路(20)是由铁电存储器器件組 成。
8、 根据权利要求 4 所述的抄表收费和分散控制管理系统装 置, 其特征在于所述数据存储电路 (20) 是使用铁电存储器
( FM25040 )组成。
9、 根据权利要求 4 所述的抄表收费和分散控制管理系统装 置, 其特征在于所述数据存储电路(20) 是使用单片计算机系统 的 I2C总线接口, 与铁电存储器( FM24C04 )组成。
10、 根据权利要求 4所述的抄表收费和分散控制管理系统装 置, 其特征在于所述运行报警状态显示电路(18),由一只(LED) 指示灯和三只电阻组成一个三态显示器, (LED)指示灯的阳极 分别连接 +5V和两个电阻, 两个电阻的另一端分别连接单片机的 两个控制输出端, (LED)指示灯的阴极连接另一个电阻, 该电 阻的另一端连接到单片机的两个控制输出端之一。
PCT/CN2005/000252 2004-03-01 2005-03-01 Procede pour proteger les donnees d'un compteur electrique a prepaiement, et dispositif de systeme de mesure enregistreur WO2005085878A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EA200601604A EA009690B1 (ru) 2004-03-01 2005-03-01 Способ обеспечения безопасности передаваемых данных и система считывания показаний для счётчиков электроэнергии с функцией предварительной оплаты

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN200410025895.0 2004-03-01
CNB2004100258950A CN100501414C (zh) 2004-03-01 2004-03-01 预付费电能表的载波式数据安全保护方法及抄表系统装置

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2005085878A1 true WO2005085878A1 (fr) 2005-09-15

Family

ID=34441168

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2005/000252 WO2005085878A1 (fr) 2004-03-01 2005-03-01 Procede pour proteger les donnees d'un compteur electrique a prepaiement, et dispositif de systeme de mesure enregistreur

Country Status (3)

Country Link
CN (1) CN100501414C (zh)
EA (1) EA009690B1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2005085878A1 (zh)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106530672A (zh) * 2016-12-29 2017-03-22 四川创能海博科技有限公司 用电信息采集查询系统、采集方法及查询方法
CN107957531A (zh) * 2017-12-22 2018-04-24 杭州华春科技有限公司 不入户可测试户表关系的装置及方法
CN107966631A (zh) * 2017-12-07 2018-04-27 国家电网公司 防串户排查系统
CN109254186A (zh) * 2018-11-11 2019-01-22 深圳市江机实业有限公司 一种能够在户内实时指示当前阶梯电价的装置
CN109360404A (zh) * 2018-12-13 2019-02-19 湖南常德牌水表制造有限公司 一种M-Bus主站多通道智能抄表远传装置和方法
CN110068790A (zh) * 2019-05-31 2019-07-30 山东德源电力科技股份有限公司 一种基于户表识别和分级计算的电能表失准检测装置
CN112305287A (zh) * 2020-11-10 2021-02-02 许继集团有限公司 设置于集中器端尾的反窃电管理系统及反窃电管理方法
CN115856423A (zh) * 2023-03-01 2023-03-28 青岛高科通信股份有限公司 一种电子电能表改造装置及抄表系统

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101055619B (zh) * 2007-05-11 2010-12-08 刘军海 一种机械仪表窗口显示数字的图像识别方法和装置
CN100514359C (zh) * 2007-06-29 2009-07-15 浙江工业大学 基于dsp的多通道机械数显数字煤气表自动检测装置
CN101916472B (zh) * 2010-07-30 2012-05-30 河南省电力公司洛阳供电公司 余额提醒装置
CN102176700B (zh) * 2011-01-30 2013-03-13 重庆市电力公司电力科学研究院 集中器检测装置
CN110007138B (zh) * 2018-06-10 2021-10-01 福州准点信息科技有限公司 一种居民小区的电能计量系统

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1162804A (zh) * 1996-04-12 1997-10-22 河南省科学院应用物理研究所 一种用电抄表自动化系统
FR2766274A1 (fr) * 1997-07-11 1999-01-22 Atermes Procede de localisation de defauts sur un cable metallique et dispositif de mise en oeuvre de ce procede
CN2429836Y (zh) * 2000-07-04 2001-05-09 山东松立仪表有限责任公司 新型多用户预付费电能表
CN2539186Y (zh) * 2001-05-29 2003-03-05 秦皇岛开发区海湾电力仪表有限公司 总线式模块化电能表
US6608489B2 (en) * 2001-12-17 2003-08-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Device, and method of its use, for concurrent real time alerting to accumulation of material upon multiple areas of a surface

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2388603Y (zh) * 1999-09-02 2000-07-19 陈昌金 电力线载波用电集抄预收费装置

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1162804A (zh) * 1996-04-12 1997-10-22 河南省科学院应用物理研究所 一种用电抄表自动化系统
FR2766274A1 (fr) * 1997-07-11 1999-01-22 Atermes Procede de localisation de defauts sur un cable metallique et dispositif de mise en oeuvre de ce procede
CN2429836Y (zh) * 2000-07-04 2001-05-09 山东松立仪表有限责任公司 新型多用户预付费电能表
CN2539186Y (zh) * 2001-05-29 2003-03-05 秦皇岛开发区海湾电力仪表有限公司 总线式模块化电能表
US6608489B2 (en) * 2001-12-17 2003-08-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Device, and method of its use, for concurrent real time alerting to accumulation of material upon multiple areas of a surface

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106530672A (zh) * 2016-12-29 2017-03-22 四川创能海博科技有限公司 用电信息采集查询系统、采集方法及查询方法
CN107966631A (zh) * 2017-12-07 2018-04-27 国家电网公司 防串户排查系统
CN107966631B (zh) * 2017-12-07 2024-02-09 国家电网公司 防串户排查系统
CN107957531A (zh) * 2017-12-22 2018-04-24 杭州华春科技有限公司 不入户可测试户表关系的装置及方法
CN109254186A (zh) * 2018-11-11 2019-01-22 深圳市江机实业有限公司 一种能够在户内实时指示当前阶梯电价的装置
CN109360404A (zh) * 2018-12-13 2019-02-19 湖南常德牌水表制造有限公司 一种M-Bus主站多通道智能抄表远传装置和方法
CN109360404B (zh) * 2018-12-13 2023-08-15 湖南常德牌水表制造有限公司 一种M-Bus主站多通道智能抄表远传装置和方法
CN110068790A (zh) * 2019-05-31 2019-07-30 山东德源电力科技股份有限公司 一种基于户表识别和分级计算的电能表失准检测装置
CN112305287A (zh) * 2020-11-10 2021-02-02 许继集团有限公司 设置于集中器端尾的反窃电管理系统及反窃电管理方法
CN115856423A (zh) * 2023-03-01 2023-03-28 青岛高科通信股份有限公司 一种电子电能表改造装置及抄表系统
CN115856423B (zh) * 2023-03-01 2023-07-07 青岛高科通信股份有限公司 一种电子电能表改造装置及抄表系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EA009690B1 (ru) 2008-02-28
EA200601604A1 (ru) 2007-02-27
CN1560638A (zh) 2005-01-05
CN100501414C (zh) 2009-06-17

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2005085878A1 (fr) Procede pour proteger les donnees d'un compteur electrique a prepaiement, et dispositif de systeme de mesure enregistreur
CN201569701U (zh) 一种单相远程费控智能电表
CN101540080B (zh) 基于gprs通讯的三相预付费电能表系统及其控制方法
CN203192085U (zh) 一种预付费电能表
CN201910648U (zh) 电动汽车充电桩
CN101212528A (zh) 网络表计服务管理系统和应急处理站
CN206282390U (zh) 一种利用蓝牙通讯方式实现充值的智能燃气表
CN2911761Y (zh) 智能水电联合控制管理装置
CN202600782U (zh) 一种公用事业电子交易系统
CN203588377U (zh) 一种具有gprs远传功能的ic卡智能燃气表
CN104424714A (zh) 基于物联网的智能水表及其控制系统
CN201402280Y (zh) 基于gprs通讯的三相预付费电能表系统
CN110187172A (zh) 一种基于红外调制转换与无线通信的电表监控系统
CN109240180A (zh) 费控电能表管理方法及终端设备
CN101907647A (zh) 配变监测计量终端
WO2016201985A1 (zh) 管理预付费智能测控终端的方法和预付费智能测控终端
CN204904026U (zh) 一种环保数据采集装置
CN201946098U (zh) 无卡载波预付费集抄系统
CN101482994A (zh) 电子式语音报警载波通信电能表
CN201725386U (zh) 基于国密算法sm1的电能表
CN104217507A (zh) 基于gprs无线网络的移动售电收费手机终端系统
CN202013609U (zh) 基于gprs传输的预付费电表
CN116191209A (zh) 一种智能表箱
CN202331761U (zh) 物联网智能电能表
CN214670882U (zh) 一种基于蓝牙通信的sts预付费燃气表

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NA NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SM SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): BW GH GM KE LS MW MZ NA SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LT LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
DPEN Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed from 20040101)
NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

WWW Wipo information: withdrawn in national office

Ref document number: DE

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 200601604

Country of ref document: EA

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2853/KOLNP/2006

Country of ref document: IN

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase