WO2005085008A1 - Impact attenuator for vehicle and method - Google Patents

Impact attenuator for vehicle and method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005085008A1
WO2005085008A1 PCT/SE2005/000323 SE2005000323W WO2005085008A1 WO 2005085008 A1 WO2005085008 A1 WO 2005085008A1 SE 2005000323 W SE2005000323 W SE 2005000323W WO 2005085008 A1 WO2005085008 A1 WO 2005085008A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
damper
impact attenuator
vehicle
impact
collision
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE2005/000323
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Arne Carsson
Original Assignee
Vägverket
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vägverket filed Critical Vägverket
Priority to DK05711175T priority Critical patent/DK1725435T3/en
Priority to AU2005219367A priority patent/AU2005219367B2/en
Priority to CA002556956A priority patent/CA2556956A1/en
Priority to US10/591,837 priority patent/US7735614B2/en
Priority to DE602005001699T priority patent/DE602005001699T2/en
Priority to EP05711175A priority patent/EP1725435B1/en
Publication of WO2005085008A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005085008A1/en
Priority to NO20064462A priority patent/NO20064462L/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F15/00—Safety arrangements for slowing, redirecting or stopping errant vehicles, e.g. guard posts or bollards; Arrangements for reducing damage to roadside structures due to vehicular impact
    • E01F15/14—Safety arrangements for slowing, redirecting or stopping errant vehicles, e.g. guard posts or bollards; Arrangements for reducing damage to roadside structures due to vehicular impact specially adapted for local protection, e.g. for bridge piers, for traffic islands
    • E01F15/145—Means for vehicle stopping using impact energy absorbers
    • E01F15/148—Means for vehicle stopping using impact energy absorbers mobile arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
    • B60R2019/005—Crash attenuators, i.e. means added to highway service vehicles for softening high speed impacts

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an impact attenuator to be connected to a vehicle, and a method to drive such a device.
  • Impact attenuators are used, at e.g. roadwork areas, to protect road-users, men at work and equipment.
  • the impact attenuators task is to, in a soft way, stop vehicles from entering the roadwork area. This is achieved by an attenuation device that dampens the force of collision from a colliding vehicle by deformation of the construction, e.g. by a metal construction with zones of deformation or an elastical construction of polymeric material.
  • a usual type of impact attenuator is securely attached to the vehicle and foldable between an operating position and a raised transport position.
  • Another type of impact-attenuating device is disclosed in WO 01/87671 A1.
  • the disclosed impact attenuator has a front member connecting the impact attenuator to a vehicle.
  • the impact attenuator can be connected in a transporting position, through a drawbar, in which the impact attenuator is connected as a trailer to the vehicle, or in an operating position, through two beams, in which the impact attenuator is connected as a rigid extension of the vehicle.
  • the invention which relates to an impact attenuator similar to the one described in WO 01/87671 A1 , has several functions making it possible to change between the two positions, and lock the impact attenuator in respective position.
  • a problem with these functions is that they make the impact attenuator more expensive
  • one of the functions may get broken which results in that the whole impact attenuator must be taken out of service
  • Fig 1a shows an impact-attenuating device according to the invention
  • Fig 1b shows an impact-attenuating device from above
  • Fig 1c shows an impact-attenuating device during a turn
  • Fig 2a shows an impact-attenuating device from the side
  • Fig 2b shows an impact-attenuating device from above
  • Fig 3a shows an impact-attenuating device during an offset collision
  • Fig 3b shows an impact-attenuating device during a collision from above
  • Fig 4a-b shows a second embodiment of the invention during operation
  • Fig 5a-b shows a second embodiment during a collision
  • Fig 1 discloses an impact-attenuating device according to the invention
  • the impact- attenuating device (1 ) comprises a rear part (2), an attenuating part (3) and a front part (4)
  • the rear part (2) has a collision plate (21) in order to secure the colliding vehicle, so that it does not slide of or continue along the impact-attenuating device (1)
  • the collision plate (21 ) can for example have a rough chessboard pattern
  • the rear part (2) also has two wheels (22) with suspension
  • the rear part (2) is attached to the attenuating part (3), which is disclosed as a construction of elastic polymer material
  • the front part (4) comprises two pivot wheels (41), a coupling part (5) for connection to a vehicle (6), and a device (42) for carrying signal equipment, such as light boards, traffic signs etc
  • the coupling part (5) comprising a damper (51), is connected in one end to the front part (4) and in the other end to the towing device (61) of the vehicle, usually a VBG
  • the forces of collision are mainly absorbed by the damper (51 ).
  • the damper (51) regains, after the collision, its original position and the impact-attenuator can continue to operate.
  • the forces of collision are absorbed also by the attenuating part (3).
  • the invention implements this by a damper (51) which absorb forces up to a predetermined pressure against the damper (51 ) after which the attenuating part (3) absorbs the rest of the forces of collision.
  • the damper (51 ) collapses when the pre-determined pressure is attained.
  • the damper (51 ) comprises a medium, which is evacuated at the pre-determined pressure.
  • the evacuation of the pressure can be done by a pressure device (52) of some sort. If air is used as the medium a safety valve or a bursting disc can be used as a pressure device (52).
  • a hydraulic damper communicate with an hydraulic accumulator which collects the hydraulic oil during high pressure against the damper and send it back when the pressure decreases.
  • the damper can also comprise a mechanical spring system, in a corresponding arrangement, arranged to collapse at a pre-defined pressure.
  • the damper is in the shown embodiment disclosed as an air damper with a possibility to evacuate air from the damper if the pressure is high enough.
  • the damper (51) is connected to the air pressure system of the vehicle or the impact- attenuators own air pressure system.
  • the damper has a pressure device (52) which releases a part of the overpressure which arises when the cylinder is pressed together during a collision.
  • the pressure device (52) is released during a major collision against the impact-attenuator, suitably at app. 7 bar, and releases the pressure so that an overpressure of one bar remains in the cylinder. It is an advantage if the damper has some resilient function even after the pressure device is released (it is however not necessary). When the pressure device (52) is released the damper collapses. After the collision the damper is filled with air again. Smaller collision, when the pressure device is not released, is in this way absorbed by the impact attenuator (1 ) without affecting the vehicle (6).
  • Fig. 4a-b discloses a second embodiment of the invention.
  • the coupling part (5) of the impact-attenuator comprises a damper (51) longitudinally resilient. Parallel on both sides of the coupling part (5) are beams (53) for transferring forces arranged.
  • the beams (53) are arranged to reach the vehicle when the pressure device (52) on the damper (51) is released (or the equivalent for an hydraulic damper) and the damper collapses.
  • Fig. 5a-b show how the beams (53) bear on the vehicle next to the towing device (61 ).
  • the vehicle is equipped with a VBG-towing device and on such a towing device there is a towing beam (62) attached to the vehicle (6).
  • the beams (53) transfer the forces of collision to the vehicle (6) and make the impact attenuator more stable during the end of the lapse of collision and also spare the towing device (61 ).
  • the invention relates to an impact attenuator, which is not connected as a rigid extension of the vehicle.
  • the impact attenuator is instead connected flexible sideways (as a trailer). Consequently, the impact attenuator is connected as a trailer also during operation.
  • the impact attenuator according to the invention absorbs the major part of the collision forces without lateral movement or in other ways performs outside the established standards for an impact-attenuator during a collision.
  • a further advantage with the invention compared to rigid connection to a vehicle is that the forces of collision are absorbed by the attenuating part and also by the damper, which reduces the thrust into the vehicle and the forces from that which may affect the driver. This is especially a problem since former impact attenuators have been designed against relatively heavy weight vehicles with high speed. A lightweight vehicle in low speed does not effect the impact attenuator enough to absorb the collision in an extent desired.
  • the invention solves this by dampening the forces of collision in two steps. Lesser forces of collision are absorbed by the damper and the greater forces by the attenuating part.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Refuge Islands, Traffic Blockers, Or Guard Fence (AREA)
  • Vibration Dampers (AREA)
  • Automobile Manufacture Line, Endless Track Vehicle, Trailer (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an impact attenuator, which is arranged flexible longitudinally as well as sideways (as a trailer). The impact attenuator (1) comprises a rear part (2) with two wheels (22), an attenuating part (39 and a front part (4) with two pivot wheels (41) and a coupling part (5) for connection to the vehicle (6). The coupling part (5) comprises a damper (51) for dampening part of the force during a collision against the impact attenuator (1). During a minor collision against the impact attenuator the collision force is mainly absorbed by the damper (51). The damper (51) regains after a collision its original position and the impact attenuator can remain operative. During a larger collision against the impact attenuator the collision forces is absorbed also by the attenuating part (3).

Description

IMPACT ATTENUATOR FOR VEHICLE AND METHOD
The present invention relates to an impact attenuator to be connected to a vehicle, and a method to drive such a device.
Impact attenuators are used, at e.g. roadwork areas, to protect road-users, men at work and equipment. The impact attenuators task is to, in a soft way, stop vehicles from entering the roadwork area. This is achieved by an attenuation device that dampens the force of collision from a colliding vehicle by deformation of the construction, e.g. by a metal construction with zones of deformation or an elastical construction of polymeric material.
Common to all impact attenuators are that they during operation are firmly connected to the vehicle to establish a rigid extension of the vehicle. This is because during a collision against the impact attenuator the forces of collision partly shall be absorbed by the vehicle and to prevent the impact attenuator from moving sideways before it has absorbed the major part of the forces.
A usual type of impact attenuator is securely attached to the vehicle and foldable between an operating position and a raised transport position. Another type of impact-attenuating device is disclosed in WO 01/87671 A1. The disclosed impact attenuator has a front member connecting the impact attenuator to a vehicle. The impact attenuator can be connected in a transporting position, through a drawbar, in which the impact attenuator is connected as a trailer to the vehicle, or in an operating position, through two beams, in which the impact attenuator is connected as a rigid extension of the vehicle.
A drawback with both these types of impact attenuators is that they need to change between the operating position and the transport position. This means that there must be equipment for changing between the two positions. Furthermore there is a need for safety arrangements for securing that the impact attenuator is in the right position.
The invention, which relates to an impact attenuator similar to the one described in WO 01/87671 A1 , has several functions making it possible to change between the two positions, and lock the impact attenuator in respective position. A problem with these functions is that they make the impact attenuator more expensive Furthermore, one of the functions may get broken which results in that the whole impact attenuator must be taken out of service
With a solution according to the invention these functions will not be needed The impact attenuator is connected in the same way during both operation and transport
The invention is an improvement compared to known state of the art The solution is described in the following independent claims with embodiments described in the accompanying dependent claims
The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the following drawings
Fig 1a shows an impact-attenuating device according to the invention
Fig 1b shows an impact-attenuating device from above
Fig 1c shows an impact-attenuating device during a turn
Fig 2a shows an impact-attenuating device from the side
Fig 2b shows an impact-attenuating device from above Fig 3a shows an impact-attenuating device during an offset collision
Fig 3b shows an impact-attenuating device during a collision from above
Fig 4a-b shows a second embodiment of the invention during operation
Fig 5a-b shows a second embodiment during a collision
Fig 1 discloses an impact-attenuating device according to the invention The impact- attenuating device (1 ) comprises a rear part (2), an attenuating part (3) and a front part (4) The rear part (2) has a collision plate (21) in order to secure the colliding vehicle, so that it does not slide of or continue along the impact-attenuating device (1) The collision plate (21 ) can for example have a rough chessboard pattern The rear part (2) also has two wheels (22) with suspension The rear part (2) is attached to the attenuating part (3), which is disclosed as a construction of elastic polymer material The front part (4) comprises two pivot wheels (41), a coupling part (5) for connection to a vehicle (6), and a device (42) for carrying signal equipment, such as light boards, traffic signs etc The coupling part (5), comprising a damper (51), is connected in one end to the front part (4) and in the other end to the towing device (61) of the vehicle, usually a VBG-towing device The damper (51) is arranged to dampen part of the force during a collision against the impact-attenuating device. The coupling part (5) comprises also a cable support (54) with for example electrical wiring and hydraulic/pneumatics. The cable support (54) is arranged so that it can easily bend and protect the content from being squeezed or in other ways damaged when the damper (51) moves.
During a minor collision against the impact-attenuating device the forces of collision are mainly absorbed by the damper (51 ). The damper (51) regains, after the collision, its original position and the impact-attenuator can continue to operate. During a larger collision against the impact-attenuator the forces of collision are absorbed also by the attenuating part (3).
The invention implements this by a damper (51) which absorb forces up to a predetermined pressure against the damper (51 ) after which the attenuating part (3) absorbs the rest of the forces of collision.
Preferably the damper (51 ) collapses when the pre-determined pressure is attained. One way to achieve this is that the damper (51 ) comprises a medium, which is evacuated at the pre-determined pressure. The evacuation of the pressure can be done by a pressure device (52) of some sort. If air is used as the medium a safety valve or a bursting disc can be used as a pressure device (52). If hydraulic oil is used as a medium it its unsuitable to release it freely, but instead can a hydraulic damper communicate with an hydraulic accumulator which collects the hydraulic oil during high pressure against the damper and send it back when the pressure decreases. The damper can also comprise a mechanical spring system, in a corresponding arrangement, arranged to collapse at a pre-defined pressure.
It is also possible to use a damper without a pressure device. The drawback with this solution is that there is a risk that the damper is deformed during a collision and that the whole impact-attenuating device thereby is out of order until the damper is changed. During road works it is important to avoid standstills because there are a number of machines involved at once and the accessibility for the traffic is limited.
The damper is in the shown embodiment disclosed as an air damper with a possibility to evacuate air from the damper if the pressure is high enough. The damper (51) is connected to the air pressure system of the vehicle or the impact- attenuators own air pressure system. In order to avoid that the damper gets folded or in other ways get damaged during a collision, the damper has a pressure device (52) which releases a part of the overpressure which arises when the cylinder is pressed together during a collision. The pressure device (52) is released during a major collision against the impact-attenuator, suitably at app. 7 bar, and releases the pressure so that an overpressure of one bar remains in the cylinder. It is an advantage if the damper has some resilient function even after the pressure device is released (it is however not necessary). When the pressure device (52) is released the damper collapses. After the collision the damper is filled with air again. Smaller collision, when the pressure device is not released, is in this way absorbed by the impact attenuator (1 ) without affecting the vehicle (6).
Fig. 4a-b discloses a second embodiment of the invention. The coupling part (5) of the impact-attenuator comprises a damper (51) longitudinally resilient. Parallel on both sides of the coupling part (5) are beams (53) for transferring forces arranged. The beams (53) are arranged to reach the vehicle when the pressure device (52) on the damper (51) is released (or the equivalent for an hydraulic damper) and the damper collapses. Fig. 5a-b show how the beams (53) bear on the vehicle next to the towing device (61 ). In the figures the vehicle is equipped with a VBG-towing device and on such a towing device there is a towing beam (62) attached to the vehicle (6). The beams (53) in Fig. 5 bear on this towing beam (62), which also means that no modification on the vehicle needs to be done. The beams (53) transfer the forces of collision to the vehicle (6) and make the impact attenuator more stable during the end of the lapse of collision and also spare the towing device (61 ).
Known impact attenuators are all rigidly connected to the vehicle during operation, e.g. through beams connected between the impact attenuator and the vehicle. This has until now been considered the only possible solution in order to absorb the forces arising during a collision against an impact attenuator. The drawback with this is the deteriorated accessibility in a traffic environment or equipment for changing the position of the impact attenuator from a rigid position to a more flexible position, e.g. as a trailer connected to the vehicle during transportation.
The invention relates to an impact attenuator, which is not connected as a rigid extension of the vehicle. The impact attenuator is instead connected flexible sideways (as a trailer). Consequently, the impact attenuator is connected as a trailer also during operation.
The impact attenuator according to the invention absorbs the major part of the collision forces without lateral movement or in other ways performs outside the established standards for an impact-attenuator during a collision.
During a collision against the impact attenuator the forward suspension of the hitting car (7) is pressed down, This means that the centre of gravity of the car is displaced towards the front wheels which gives rise to a first force (F2) and an increased friction between the front wheel and the road. The rear wheels (22) of the impact attenuator are also pressed against the road during the collision, because the front of the car is caught in the chess pattern of the collision plate, and give rise to a second force (F1 ). This means that the rear wheels (22) of the impact attenuator also contribute to a higher friction against the road. During the time of a collision there are accordingly four wheels pressed against the road in the driving direction of the car. During this lapse of time there are no lateral forces acting on the car (7) or the impact attenuator (1) worth mentioning. Both the car (7) and the impact attenuator (1 ) are therefore course stable during the lapse of collision. However, when the impact attenuator is pressed together (Fig. 3) and the retarding forces of the absorption part pushes the car backward lateral forces may arise.
Even during an offset collision (i.e. the vehicle hits the impact attenuator in the direction of driving a third from the side, ca. 6-7 dm from the centre) and flexible connection to the vehicle, the vehicle and impact attenuator are course stable. After a fourth of a second the collision is totally absorbed and in that moment all kinetic energy is transformed to heat and potential energy. The hitting vehicle bounces backward and ends up standing behind the impact attenuator. Test shows that the vehicle dose not spin around or ends up in the wrong driving lane, which is known to happen with other types of impact attenuator.
A further advantage with the invention compared to rigid connection to a vehicle is that the forces of collision are absorbed by the attenuating part and also by the damper, which reduces the thrust into the vehicle and the forces from that which may affect the driver. This is especially a problem since former impact attenuators have been designed against relatively heavy weight vehicles with high speed. A lightweight vehicle in low speed does not effect the impact attenuator enough to absorb the collision in an extent desired. The invention solves this by dampening the forces of collision in two steps. Lesser forces of collision are absorbed by the damper and the greater forces by the attenuating part.

Claims

1. Impact attenuator (1) for a vehicle (6) comprising a rear part (2), with a first wheel (22), arranged to an attenuating part (3), a front part (4), with a second wheel (41 ), arranged between the attenuating part (3) an a coupling part (5) for connection to the vehicle (6), wherein the coupling part (5) comprises a damper (51) for dampening a part of the force during a collision against the impact attenuator (1) and for connecting the impact attenuator (1) laterally movable relative to the vehicle (6) during operation.
2. Impact attenuator according to claim 1 , wherein the damper (51) dampens up to a pre-determined pressure against the damper (51) after which the attenuating part (3) absorbs the rest of the collision forces.
3. Impact attenuator according to claim 2, wherein the damper (51) collapses when the pre-determined pressure is reached.
4. Impact attenuator according to any of the claims 2-3, wherein the damper (51) comprises a medium, which is evacuated at the pre-determined pressure.
5. Impact attenuator according to claim 4, wherein the damper (51) comprises an air-damper with a pressure device (52) for evacuating the air.
6. Impact attenuator according to claim 5, wherein the pressure device (52) comprises a safety valve or a bursting disc.
7. Impact attenuator according to claim 4, wherein the damper (51) comprises a hydraulic damper with a hydraulic accumulator.
8. Impact attenuator according to any of the claims 2-7, wherein a beam (53) transfers a part of the collision forces to the vehicle (6) after that the damper (51) collapses.
9. Impact attenuator according to claim 8, wherein two beams (53) are arranged on each side of the damper (51).
10. Impact attenuator according to claim 9, wherein the beams (53) are arranged to transfer the forces of collision to the vehicle (6) through a towing beam (62) on which the towing device (61) is arranged.
11. Impact attenuator according to any of the claims above, wherein the rear part (2) comprises two wheels (22) and that the front part (4) comprises two pivot wheels (41 ).
12. Impact attenuator according to any of the claims above, wherein the damper comprises a mechanical spring system.
13. Impact attenuator according to claim 19, wherein the beams (53) are arranged to the front part (4).
14. Method for driving an impact attenuator (1) for a vehicle (6) comprising a rear part (2), with a first wheel (22), an attenuating part (3), a front part (4), with a second wheel (41) and a coupling part (5) for connection to the vehicle (6), wherein the impact attenuator is connected flexible length wise to the vehicle and movable sideways to the vehicle during operation.
15. Method according to claim 14, wherein the connection is through a towing bar comprising a damper (51 ).
PCT/SE2005/000323 2004-03-04 2005-03-04 Impact attenuator for vehicle and method WO2005085008A1 (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK05711175T DK1725435T3 (en) 2004-03-04 2005-03-04 Shocking device for vehicles and method
AU2005219367A AU2005219367B2 (en) 2004-03-04 2005-03-04 Impact attenuator for vehicle and method
CA002556956A CA2556956A1 (en) 2004-03-04 2005-03-04 Impact attenuator for vehicle and method
US10/591,837 US7735614B2 (en) 2004-03-04 2005-03-04 Impact attenuator for vehicle and method
DE602005001699T DE602005001699T2 (en) 2004-03-04 2005-03-04 IMPACT MUFFLER FOR VEHICLE AND METHOD
EP05711175A EP1725435B1 (en) 2004-03-04 2005-03-04 Impact attenuator for vehicle and method
NO20064462A NO20064462L (en) 2004-03-04 2006-10-02 Impact impairment for vehicles and methods

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE0400535-1 2004-03-04
SE0400535A SE526813C2 (en) 2004-03-04 2004-03-04 Anti-theft device for vehicles and method

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2005085008A1 true WO2005085008A1 (en) 2005-09-15

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ID=32067309

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE2005/000323 WO2005085008A1 (en) 2004-03-04 2005-03-04 Impact attenuator for vehicle and method

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US7735614B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1725435B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE367291T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2005219367B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2556956A1 (en)
DE (1) DE602005001699T2 (en)
DK (1) DK1725435T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2288295T3 (en)
NO (1) NO20064462L (en)
SE (1) SE526813C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2005085008A1 (en)

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WO2008133841A2 (en) 2007-04-23 2008-11-06 Barrier Systems, Inc. Trailer mounted crash attenuation system
US7874572B2 (en) 2005-01-10 2011-01-25 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Towable impact attenuator
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CA3135253C (en) 2019-05-15 2024-01-09 Trinity Highway Products Llc Crash attenuator with release plate hinge assembly, release plate hinge assembly and method for the use thereof
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ATE367291T1 (en) 2007-08-15
NO20064462L (en) 2006-10-02
EP1725435A1 (en) 2006-11-29
US7735614B2 (en) 2010-06-15
DK1725435T3 (en) 2007-11-05
CA2556956A1 (en) 2006-10-13
AU2005219367A1 (en) 2005-09-15
AU2005219367B2 (en) 2008-05-01
ES2288295T3 (en) 2008-01-01
SE526813C2 (en) 2005-11-08
SE0400535L (en) 2005-09-05
DE602005001699T2 (en) 2008-06-05
SE0400535D0 (en) 2004-03-04
DE602005001699D1 (en) 2007-08-30
EP1725435B1 (en) 2007-07-18
US20070187201A1 (en) 2007-08-16

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