WO2005079684A1 - Procédés et dispositifs de traitement des fractures et des maladies osseuses - Google Patents

Procédés et dispositifs de traitement des fractures et des maladies osseuses Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2005079684A1
WO2005079684A1 PCT/US2005/003954 US2005003954W WO2005079684A1 WO 2005079684 A1 WO2005079684 A1 WO 2005079684A1 US 2005003954 W US2005003954 W US 2005003954W WO 2005079684 A1 WO2005079684 A1 WO 2005079684A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
injured
bone
anchoring
vertebral body
distraction
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2005/003954
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Robert M. Scribner
Original Assignee
Crosstrees Medical Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Crosstrees Medical Inc. filed Critical Crosstrees Medical Inc.
Publication of WO2005079684A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005079684A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7074—Tools specially adapted for spinal fixation operations other than for bone removal or filler handling
    • A61B17/7076—Tools specially adapted for spinal fixation operations other than for bone removal or filler handling for driving, positioning or assembling spinal clamps or bone anchors specially adapted for spinal fixation
    • A61B17/7077—Tools specially adapted for spinal fixation operations other than for bone removal or filler handling for driving, positioning or assembling spinal clamps or bone anchors specially adapted for spinal fixation for moving bone anchors attached to vertebrae, thereby displacing the vertebrae

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to devices and methods for treating bones and associated soft-tissue support structures suffering from fractures and/or diseases. More specifically, the present invention relates to devices and methods for repairing, reinforcing and/or treating the human spine and associated support structures using various devices, including minimally- invasive distraction, cavity- forming and disk removal/repair/replacement devices.
  • the healthy human spine is an intricate framework of bones and connective tissues which desirably supports the upper body and withstands the various physiological loads experienced by an individual during his or her normal daily activities.
  • unusually high loading of the spine such as trauma, repetitive heavy physical labor or the effects of sports or other intense physical activities
  • loading of a weakened spine where disease, neglect or medical treatment has reduced the strength of the bones and/or connective tissues to below the level necessary to withstand normal physiological loads - including osteoporosis, bone cancer, arthritis, various treatments causing elevated steroid levels, as well as the excessive use of alcohol and/or tobacco
  • Such spinal damage can have extremely disastrous consequences, including death, paralysis, permanent disability, disfigurement and/or intense pain.
  • vertebroplasty involves the injection of a flowable reinforcing material, usually polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA - commonly known as bone cement), through an 11 -gage spinal needle into an injured vertebral body.
  • PMMA polymethylmethacrylate
  • the liquid filling material polymerizes and increases in hardness, desirably supporting the vertebral body internally, alleviating pain and preventing further collapse of the injected vertebral body.
  • kyphoplasty In a modification of the vertebroplasty procedure, the posture of the patient is preferentially aligned by the use of external cushions or bolsters applied to pelvis and shoulder regions of the supine patient. This anatomic position attempts to decrease the compression of the injured vertebral body prior to the vertebroplasty procedure.
  • Another technique for treating vertebral fractures, kyphoplasty is a more recently developed modification to the vertebroplasty technique.
  • kyphoplasty procedure also known as balloon-assisted vertebroplasty
  • an expandable device is inserted inside the damaged vertebral body, and is then expanded within the bone. Desirably, this procedure creates a void within the bone that can be filled with bone cement or other load bearing material, rendering the fractured bone load-bearing.
  • a further technique for treating vertebral fractures is a more recently developed modification to the kyphoplasty technique.
  • a curette is inserted to the balloon formed cavity.
  • the curette is applied to the cancellous bone at the margins of the cavity to further fracture the cancellous bone. This fracture of cancellous bone allows further volume expansion of the balloon, or directional control of the placement of added balloon volume in the direction of the fracture formed by the curette.
  • this procedure creates a greater void within the bone that can be filled with bone cement or other load bearing material, rendering the fractured bone load-bearing.
  • the curette fracture desirably allows greater restoration of normal vertebral anatomy. While vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty have both been shown to reduce some pain associated with vertebral compression fractures, both of these procedures have proven inadequate to reliably and repeatedly restore vertebral body anatomy or treat the vast majority of spinal fractures, especially high velocity spinal fractures. Moreover, these treatments cannot be used to treat injuries to connective tissues such as the intervertebral disks.
  • the present invention overcomes many of the problems and disadvantages associated with current medical procedures for repairing, reinforcing and/or treating a weakened, diseased and/or fractured spinal column.
  • the invention includes the recognition of the need for minimally-invasive devices and methods which facilitate the safe and effective physical distraction of injured spinal segments during surgical treatment.
  • the present invention may be used in concert with various minimally invasive surgical procedures, including both vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty, as well as with various joint repair/replacement techniques and devices (including those appropriate for use with intervertebral discs and/or facet joints) or more open surgical tools and techniques.
  • the present invention comprises surgical methods and tools for the (1) reduction of the compressive loading on a fractured vertebral body, (2) distraction of the end plates of vertebral bodies (adjacent to or distant from the fractured vertebral body) - thereby increasing the distance between those distracted endplates, (3) restoration of the height of the fractured vertebral body by inflatable bone tamp reduction, curette elevation, or manual distraction using existing techniques, (4) restoration of the mechanical integrity of the fractured vertebral body by placement of a structural material capable of withstanding compressive loading (either immediately or due to natural healing over time) in the spine, and (5) removal of all surgical instruments, including the distraction devices. Desirably, this procedure will be accomplished through small surgical incisions.
  • this procedure will be accomplished using minimally-invasive (non- open) techniques. Most desirably, this procedure will be accomplished percutaneously with minimal damage to the patient, thereby permitting the patient to return to a normal level of activity within one or two days after surgery, and potentially even ambulate immediately after the surgical procedure.
  • the invention comprises surgical methods and tools for the (1) reduction of the compressive loading on an injured intervertebral disk of the spine, (2) distraction of the end plates of the adjacent vertebral bodies (to the damaged disk) - thereby increasing the distance between those distracted bodies and relieving compressive loading of the disk, as well as potentially creating a cavity within the disk space, (3) removal, repair and/or replacement of the injured disk through less-invasive means, including Intradiscal Electrothermal
  • Annuloplasty insertion of a polymer, hydrogel, or other artificial disc nucleus, insertion of an artificial disc, injection of protein polymer for disc reconstruction, inflatable bone tamp reduction, curette elevation, or manual distraction using existing techniques, (4) restoration of the integrity of the spinal column tlirough disk fusion, disk implants (flexible or inflexible) or disk replacement devices mimicking the spinal motion segment, and (5) removal of all surgical instruments. Desirably, this procedure will be accomplished tlirough small surgical incisions. More desirably, this procedure will be accomplished using minimally-invasive (non-open) techniques.
  • the invention comprises surgical methods and tools for the (1) reduction of the compressive loading on an injured segment of the spine (the injured segment including a damaged vertebral body and damaged superior and inferior intervertebral disks adjacent the damaged body), (2) distraction of the vertebral bodies superior and inferior to the damaged segment - thereby increasing the distance between those distracted bodies and relieving compressive loading of the injured spinal segment, (3) removal, repair/reconstruction and/or replacement of the injured vertebral body, (4) removal, repair/reconstruction and/or replacement of injured intervertebral disks, (5) restoration of the integrity of the injured spinal segment using various devices and techniques previously disclosed, and (6) removal of all surgical instruments.
  • this procedure will be accomplished through small surgical incisions. More desirably, this procedure will be accomplished using minimally-invasive (non- open) techniques. Most desirably, this procedure will be accomplished percutaneously with minimal damage to the patient, thereby permitting the patient to return to a normal level of activity within one or two days after surgery, and potentially even ambulate immediately after the surgical procedure.
  • a mechanical distraction device is attached to two vertebral bones in a patient's spine, these bones being located above and below an injured region of the spine.
  • the attachment devices can comprise pedicle anchoring devices, and are inserted via trans-pedicular accesses into the targeted vertebral bones.
  • the proximal ends of these devices are then connected to a distraction element, which distracts the vertebral bones apart from the area of trauma, desirably reducing, eliminating and/or reversing compressive loading of the spine in the injured area.
  • the injured area of the spinal column is then treated using one or more treatment approaches or techniques, including minimally-invasive distraction and/or bone repair techniques (such as kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty), open surgical techniques (such as vertebral body repair using curettes as well as bone replacement and implants), and vertebral disk/facet joint repair and replacement.
  • minimally-invasive distraction and/or bone repair techniques such as kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty
  • open surgical techniques such as vertebral body repair using curettes as well as bone replacement and implants
  • vertebral disk/facet joint repair and replacement vertebral disk/facet joint repair and replacement.
  • the distraction element and anchoring devices can then be removed after surgery (if spinal stability is restored), or can remain in position in the patient to facilitate natural healing of the injured level(s), or to allow for bone filling materials to develop suitable mechamcal strength by means of time dependent chemical or healing processes.
  • other general embodiments of the method and devices can be utilized to treat an injured disk of the spine.
  • the attachment devices are attached to vertebral bones locate above and below the injured disk segment.
  • the attachment devices are inserted by trans-pedicular accesses into the targeted vertebral bones.
  • the proximal ends of the devices are then connected to a distraction element, which distracts the vertebral bones apart from the area of trauma, thereby reducing and/or eliminating compressive loading on the injured area.
  • the damaged disk material can then be removed and/or repaired through conventional techniques, and a disk replacement introduced, or disc repair material applied if necessary.
  • the distraction element and the attachment devices can be removed.
  • simultaneous or sequential treatment of injured bone(s) and disk(s) can be accomplished utilizing the teachings of the present invention.
  • One embodiment of a distraction element constructed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention will be substantially located outside of the patient's body, with only a portion of each of the anchoring devices secured to the targeted bones through the skin and soft tissues.
  • Distraction of the anchoring devices (due to manipulation of the distraction element) will distend soft tissues while distracting the vertebral levels apart, thereby accomplishing the distraction goal of the present invention without requiring removal/disruption of overlying skin or soft tissues.
  • the distraction force can be released and the anchoring devices removed from the patient, h this manner, the present invention obviates the need for a large incision and significant damage and disruption to the connective tissues of the spinal column.
  • the use of radio graphic imaging to precisely determine vertebral body position and alignment, in combination with further distraction or adjustment of the alignment allows more precise anatomic reconstruction than conventional open surgical technique which is limited to direct visualization of the posterior vertebral body elements.
  • FIG. 1 For example, it may be desirous to distract the anterior regions of the spinal column to a differing degree than the posterior regions for a given surgical technique, such as the treatment of compression fractures or degenerative disc disease, hi another embodiment, it may be desirous to provide anterior distraction - to remove compressive loads on the anterior spinal column (allowing repair of anterior spinal elements such as the fractured vertebral body) - followed by longitudinal translation - to distract the posterior longitudinal ligament (allowing repair of spinal disc elements).
  • a further embodiment of the present invention may be used to facilitate computer controlled and/or guided surgical procedures. Because the devices of the present invention are secured to the bones of the spinal column, they are well suited to be used as reference points and/or assistive devices for various computer controlled and/or assisted surgical system and tools, including computer aided guidance and mapping equipment such as the systems commercially available from manufacturers such as BrainLab Corporation, General Electric Corporation, or other manufacturers of image guidance systems using X-ray, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, or other medical imaging technologies.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional side view of a spinal segment showing an injured vertebral body and associated injured intervertebral disks
  • FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the vertebral body of FIG. 1
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view of the spinal segment of FIG. 1, showing an insertion device utilized in one embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional side view of the spinal segment of FIG. 3; depicting a further step of one embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional side view of the spinal segment of FIG. 4; with percutaneous guidewires placed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional side view of the spinal segment of FIG.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional side view of the spinal segment of FIG. 6; with anchoring devices implanted in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is a top plan view of one embodiment of a distraction element constructed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention
  • FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional side view of the spinal segment of FIG. 7, showing attachment of the embodiment of the distraction element of FIG. 8 to the anchoring devices
  • FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional side view of the spinal segment of FIG. 9, with the distraction element in one desired position prior to distraction
  • FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional side view of the spinal segment of FIG.
  • FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional side view of the distracted spinal segment of FIG. 11, with an access cannula leading through skin and soft tissue into a cavity created within the injured bone
  • FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional side view of the spinal segment of FIG. 12, with the access cannula removed and the cavity filled with a suitable bone filling material
  • FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional side view of the spinal segment of FIG. 13, with the embodiment of the distraction element and anchoring devices removed and all bone cavities filled with suitable bone filling materials;
  • FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional side view of the distracted spinal segment of FIG. 11, with an access cannula leading through skin and soft tissue into a cavity created within the injured bone
  • FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional side view of the spinal segment of FIG. 12, with the access cannula removed and the cavity filled with a suitable bone filling material
  • FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional side view of the spinal segment of FIG. 13, with the embodiment of the distraction element and anchoring devices removed and all
  • FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional side view of a spinal segment showing an alternate embodiment of a distraction element constructed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention
  • FIG. 16 is a top plan view of an alternate embodiment of a distraction element constructed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
  • the present invention is directed to surgical methods and associated tools for repairing, reinforcing and/or treating weakened, diseased and/or fractured spinal columns.
  • the primary goal of vertebral body and/or disk replacement or repair is the restoration of the spine's ability to withstand normal physiological loading.
  • Another objective is to accomplish such restoration through minimally-invasive procedures, desirably minimizing the amount of pain and suffering the patient will experience during the surgery and subsequent rehabilitation process.
  • a third objective is to restore the normal anatomical features of the spine, including the normal anatomical size and shape of the vertebral bodies as well as the articulating motion of the injured spinal segment.
  • FIG. 1 depicts a segment of a typical human spine 1, in which injuries to a vertebral bone 10 and associated vertebral disks 15 and 20 have occurred.
  • FIG. 2 depicts a coronal (top) view of the damaged vertebra of FIG. 1.
  • Vertebra 10 includes a vertebral body 50, which extends on the anterior (i.e. front or chest) side of the vertebra 10.
  • Vertebral body 50 is approximately the shape ofan oval disk, with an anterior wall 60 and a posterior wall 65. The geometry of the vertebral body 50 is generally symmetric. Vertebral body 50 includes an exterior formed from compact cortical bone 70. The cortical bone 70 encloses an interior volume of reticulated cancellous, or spongy, bone 75 (also called medullar bone or trabecular bone). The spinal canal 80 is located on the posterior (i.e. back) side of each vertebra 10. The spinal cord 85 passes through the spinal canal 80. A vertebral arch 90 surrounds the spinal canal 80. Left and right pedicles 95 of the vertebral arch 90 adjoin the vertebral body 50.
  • the spinous process 100 extends from the posterior of the vertebral arch 90, as do the left and right transverse processes 105 and the mamillary processes 110.
  • Current medical practice for repairing a spinal bone injury caused by trauma, especially one involving significant damage to the anterior or lateral walls of the vertebral body, a posterior fracture threatening the spinal cord, or damage to the facet joints 115, would be for the physician to create a large incision midline on the patient's back. This incision would extend from one or two vertebral levels above the damaged vertebral body and disks to one or two levels below the injured body and disks.
  • the physician would then cut and/or distract the muscles and connective tissues as well as any other soft tissues exposed by the incision, eventually exposing the injured area of the spinal column as well as the adjacent upper and lower vertebral level(s) (this technique is generally referred to as an "open" surgical procedure).
  • the physician would then perform desired surgical procedures (to remove and/or repair the damage region(s) through the opened incision), and then typically install hardware (generally consisting of rods, screws and possibly plates) designed to stabilize the injured area, maintain the position of the adjacent levels relative to the injured level, and/or promote fusion of the damaged level of the spine to the next adjacent upper and lower levels (or potentially fuse even more levels).
  • the soft tissues would then be set back into place, the incision closed, and the surgery would be completed.
  • the spinal repair procedure of the present invention can be performed on an outpatient or inpatient basis by a medical professional properly trained and qualified to perform the disclosed procedures.
  • the patient will be placed under either general or local anesthetic for the duration of the surgical procedures and the procedure will be accomplished in a minimally invasive manner.
  • the stability of the spinal column will desirably be restored, and the patient will undergo a very limited healing process or be able to ambulate virtually immediately.
  • the injured section of the spinal column containing the damaged vertebral body and disks, is flanked by an immediately adjacent upper vertebral bone 100 (hereinafter referred to as the "upper level”) and the immediately adjacent lower vertebral bone 110 (hereinafter referred to as the “lower level”).
  • both the upper and lower levels 100 and 110 are fully intact, with the damaged level(s) located between.
  • the damaged level may be injured as a result of trauma or degenerative diseases including osteoporosis or malignant neoplasms. As best seen in FIG.
  • a pedicle of the upper level 100 is desirably located by the physician and a spinal needle 130 is inserted through the skin 120 and soft tissues to the pedicle of the upper level 100 in a known manner.
  • the needle 130 is preferably comprised of a strong, non-reactive, and medical grade material such as surgical steel (for example, an eleven gauge biopsy needle commercially available from Becton Dickinson & Co of Franklin Lakes, NJ). If desired, the needle is attached to a manipulating assembly (not shown) which can be comprised of a non-reactive and medical grade material including, but not limited to, thermoelastic or thermoset plastics or surgical steel.
  • spinal needle is an 11 gage surgical needle
  • various size needle assemblies including needles of six to 14 gage, could be used with the devices and methods of the present invention, with varying results.
  • the initial approach to the vertebral body may also be performed using a rigid metal tool of small diameter such as a guide wire or K-wire.
  • the location of the needle is desirably monitored using various visualization equipment such as real-time X-Ray, CT scanning equipment, MRI, or any other monitoring equipment commonly used by those of skill in the art, including computer aided guidance and mapping equipment such as the systems commercially available from BrainLab Corporation or General Electric Corporation.
  • the needle 130 is inserted tlirough the skin 120 and soft tissues of the back and into the targeted vertebral body via a transpedicular approach (through the pedicle). While various other approaches could be used, including lateral, extrapedicular and/or anterior approaches, depending upon the level treated and/or intervening anatomical features well known to those of ordinary skill in the art, the transpedicular access is most desired in the present embodiment as the pedicle can easily be visualized using a fluoroscope or real-time CT scan, the trans-pedicular access is relatively easy to accomplish for a trained physician, and the pedicle and vertebral body desirably provide a very secure anchoring location for the anchoring devices.
  • the trabecular and cancellous bone of the pedicle, as well as the trabecular and cancellous bone of the vertebral body, will provide the most secure anchorage to permit significant distraction forces to be transmitted to the spinal segment.
  • the spinal needle 130 is advanced tlirough the pedicle into the targeted vertebral body.
  • a guide- wire or K-wire 180 may then be then introduced into the vertebral body through a lumen (not shown) in the needle 170, and the spinal needle 130 removed in a known manner. This procedure may be repeated for each pedicle of the upper and lower levels 100 and 110, as desired. See FIGs. 4 and 5. As best shown in FIGs.
  • an anchoring device 205 such as a cannulated threaded screw can then be advanced over the K-wire 180, and the distal, threaded tip 206 of each screw is advanced through the target pedicles and secured into the vertebral bones of the upper level 100, with the proximal end 207 of the screw extending through the soft tissues overlying the spine and out through the patient's skin 120.
  • the anchoring device will have a cross-section which is small enough to limit soft-tissue damage and allow safe transit through the pedicle, but large enough to transmit significant forces without screw fracture or significant deformation, thereby allowing distraction of the upper level 100 in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
  • the anchoring device will have a diameter of 5.0 mm to 9.0 mm, with a length of 100 mm to 300 mm. More desirably, the anchoring device can comprise a body having a diameter of approximately 6.5 mm and a length of approximately 200 mm.
  • Various embodiments of the anchor device may include a center lumen for insertion over a K-wire, or a threaded distal section for secure attachment to the bone.
  • an anchoring device is similarly secured into and tlirough one or more of the pedicles of the lower level 110.
  • a distraction element 300 see FIGs.
  • the distraction element comprises a central adjustable link 305 having an internally-threaded bore 307.
  • the device further includes an upper arm 310 and a lower arm 315, each arm having a corresponding proximal eye 320, a body 322 and a threaded distal shank 325.
  • the threaded shanks 325 are threaded into the bore 307, creating an adjustable length device with an eye 320 at either end of the element 300.
  • a handle 309 located on the exterior surface of the link 305, facilitates rotation of the link 305 in a clockwise or counter-clockwise direction and can be textured to be manipulated by the physician's hand, or a surgical wrench or the like.
  • Each eye 320 is desirably sized to accommodate the distal ends 207 of each anchoring device 205, and desirably the element 300 can be slid over the ends 207 of the devices 205 and positioned flush to the patient's skin 120. If the element requires adjustment to its length H during such installation, the central link 305 may be rotated to alter the distance between the eyes 320.
  • each eye 320 may incorporate a locking mechanism or set screw (not shown) to secure the eye to the device 205 and prevent further lateral motion.
  • each eye 320 may include an opening (not shown) to allow placement of the element to the anchoring device laterally, not requiring placement over the proximal end of the anchoring device.
  • the orientation of the eye 320 to the upper arm 310 and a lower arm 315 maybe variable to accommodate various angles of entry of the anchoring device to the pedicles, and varying relative position and angles of the anchoring devices placed to the upper level and lower level.
  • Each upper arm 310 and lower arm 315 may include an angle relative to central link 305 (not shown). The angle in the upper arm 310 and lower arm
  • the element 315 moves the central link further lateral from the midline of the spine. This lateral position places the central link and distraction assembly lateral to the injured vertebra when viewed in an anterior to posterior imaging projection, allowing improved imaging views and surgical access to the injured vertebra. DISTRACTION Once the element has been properly positioned (See FIG. 10), the element may be manipulated to safely and effectively distract the injured area. In one embodiment, shown in FIG. 11, rotation of the central adjustable link 305 shortens the length of the element 300 to the length H, which in this example is approximately equal in length to the normal anatomical distance "A" between the facet joints of the upper and lower level 100 and 110.
  • the injured vertebral body 10 and vertebral disks 15 and 20 may be distracted and separated in a controlled and desired manner.
  • the soft tissues and skin 120 through which the screws 205 extend will permit such distraction to occur by compression and/or stretching (distending), allowing the spinal column in the injured area to be distracted to varying degrees without requiring the removal and/or significant disruption to these tissues overlying such injured areas.
  • Such distraction can reduce, eliminate or reverse localized compressive loading experienced by the injured level during the remainder of the surgical procedure, and may similarly be used to realign the injured level(s) in a desired fashion.
  • such distraction will be monitored using fluoroscopy or other non-invasive monitoring methods, to ensure that desired anatomic position and alignment of the vertebra is achieved.
  • the damaged vertebral body and/or disk is then easily repaired and/or replaced using minimally invasive techniques including but not limited to bone repair using bone cement or calcium phosphate or calcium sulfate, disc nucleus replacement, disc arthroplasty, or protein polymer injection to the damaged disc.
  • minimally invasive techniques including but not limited to bone repair using bone cement or calcium phosphate or calcium sulfate, disc nucleus replacement, disc arthroplasty, or protein polymer injection to the damaged disc.
  • the distraction device will be capable of generating a distraction force in excess of one pound of force.
  • the distraction device will be capable of generating a distraction force suitable to the body mass of the injured patient, including a range of up to 80% of body weight, which can correspond to normal load bearing in the anterior spinal column.
  • the range of distraction force may vary from one to 300 pounds of distraction force (and may be significantly in excess of the patient's body weight if so desired).
  • the element 300 can incorporate force measurement devices, such as stress/strain gages and/or load cells (not shown), which allow the physician to determine the exact amount of force used to distract the targeted tissues.
  • the element can incorporate indexing marks to inform the physician of the exact length of the components and distance of distraction without requiring an additional external measuring device.
  • the physician has various options for treating the injured areas.
  • the physician may perform a percutaneous access and repair procedure on the injured bone and/or disk (possibly an injection of stabilizing bone repair material - through a vertebroplasty, kyphoplasty, or other procedure - or a minimally invasive repair of the damaged disk nucleus).
  • the surgical method could comprise inserting one or more inflatable devices percutaneously into the injured vertebral bone(s), through a targeted area of the back, h addition, various other instruments, such as those described in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,969,888, 5,108,404, 5,827,289, 5,972,015, 6,048,346 and 6,066,154, the disclosures of which are all incorporated herein by reference, could be used in accordance with the teachings of the present invention, with varying results.
  • a cavity- forming device which is comprised of a biologically compatible and medically acceptable material, can be a small mechanical tamp, reamer, hole punch, balloon catheter or any appropriate device which is capable of displacing cancellous bone.
  • the cavity-forming device is positioned within the vertebral body, it is used to displace cancellous bone, thereby creating a cavity.
  • the balloon catheter may be filled with a pressurized filling medium appropriate for use in medical applications including, but not limited to, air, nitrogen, saline or water.
  • the filling medium is a radiopaque fluid (such as Conray® fluid available commercially from Mallinkrodt, Inc., of St.
  • the present invention permits reduction or elimination of the compressive loading on some or all of the injured bone(s), and increased volume of the compressed disc or vertebral body, thereby greatly improving the opportunity to move surrounding cortical bone and restoring some or all of the original vertebral body height.
  • the disclosed cavity forming device(s) may further be used to displace cortical bone, if necessary.
  • bone filler can be introduced into the vertebral body using any type of plunger, extruder and/or feed line assembly compatible with the surgical procedure. See, for example, U.S. Patent No. 6,641,587, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • a portion of the balloon catheter could be temporarily or permanently left within the injured vertebral body.
  • a balloon catheter used to create the cavity could be refilled with bone filler and left within the vertebral body as a permanent or semi-permanent implant.
  • the inflation medium itself could comprise bone filler.
  • the catheter which is intended to remain with the cavity could comprise a bio-absorbable material and/or fabric/mesh material as the expandable structure.
  • the cavity-forming device can be removed from the injured vertebral body and an amount of a material, such as a bone filler, is introduced into the cavity within the injured vertebral body under low pressure. Desirably, introduction of the bone filler will continue until the cavity is completely filled and/or the physician determines that sufficient bone filler has been injected into the bone.
  • the bone filler could be any appropriate filling material used in orthopedic surgery, including, but not limited to, allograft or autograft tissue, hydroxyapatite, epoxy, PMMA bone cement, or synthetic bone substitutes
  • the introduction is desirably monitored by x-ray fluoroscopy, or any other appropriate monitoring device or method, to ensure that bone filler does not flow outside of the vertebral body.
  • the bone filler may be mixed with a fluoroscopic agent, such as radiopaque barium sulfate.
  • the bone filler could comprise a mixture of bone cement and a thixotropic material which desirably limits and/or prevents extravazation of the bone cement.
  • the cavity-forming devices can also desirably close and/or block other natural flowpaths out of the cavity, such as veins and/or cracks in the cancellous bone.
  • methods and devices disclosed herein can be used to manipulate bone filler already introduced into the bone.
  • the present invention reduces opportunities for cement leakage outside of the vertebral body and/or improves the distribution of bone filler throughout significant portions of the vertebral body, hi addition, the creation of cavities and desired flowpaths described in the present invention permits the placement of biomaterial more safely, under greater control and under lower pressures.
  • the present invention facilitates the treatment of one or more damaged intervertebral disks, either alone or in concert with the damaged vertebral body.
  • the disc space can be enlarged, and the distance between vertebra increased.
  • the physician may choose to remove some or all of the injured material and either (1) fuse the vertebral bones across the injured disk, or (2) replace some or all of the injured disc with an artificial motion segment.
  • the physician may first choose to remove some or all of the injured disk tissue using minimally invasive access tools and arthroscopic cutters/rongeurs, and subsequently insert one or more fusion elements (such as a threaded fusion cage or a cortical bone dowel) into the disk space in a known manner, such as described in U.S. Patent No. 5,609,636, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Once the fusion elements have been properly positioned, the distraction element and anchoring devices can then be removed in the previously-described manner. If the physician desires to maintain the motion segment of the affected level, an artificial disk implant may be used. For example, the physician may utilize the disk replacement system described in United States Patent No.
  • Such preparations can include removal of the disk nucleus, as well as removal of some or all of the annular disk material, depending upon the treatment goals and extent of injuries to the disk tissue.
  • the distraction of the disk space will (1) permit removal of disk tissue, thereby creating a cavity or space appropriate for arthroscopic visualization of the disk space, (2) restore disk height prior to implantation of the disk repair or replacement, and (3) facilitate implantation of the disk repair or replacement.
  • the distraction element and anchoring devices can then be removed in the previously- described manner.
  • the physician may also desire to realign the spinal segment during the surgery.
  • the distraction devices of the present invention can facilitate and simplify such realignment.
  • the distraction element may be manipulated to distract the affected vertebral levels apart, and then further manipulated to reposition the affected vertebral bodies to a more normal anatomical positions relative to each other.
  • the disk repair or replacement can then be implanted and the distraction element and anchoring devices removed.
  • the physician could further incorporate flexible posterior stabilization instrumentation to secure the affected vertebral level to adjacent vertebral levels, while still preserving the motion segment.
  • Such flexible instrumentation could include the Dynamic Stabilization System (DynesysTM) commercially available from Zimmer Inc.
  • the cavity-forming devices and methods described herein would also be well-suited for use in treating and/or reinforcing weakened, diseased and/or fractured bones and other tissues/organs in various locations throughout the body.
  • the disclosed devices and methods could be used to deliver reinforcing materials and/or medications, such as cancer drugs, replacement bone cells, collagen, bone matrix, demineralized calcium, and other materials/medications, directly to a fractured, weakened and/or diseased bone, thereby increasing the efficacy of the materials, reinforcing the weakened bone and/or speeding healing of the targeted tissues.
  • injection of such materials into one bone within a body could permit the medication/material to migrate and/or be transported to other bones and/or organs in the body, thereby improving the quality of bones and/or other organs not directly injected with the materials and/or medications.
  • the physician may choose to "open" and expose the injured level, permitting direct visualization and repair of the injured tissue(s). Because the injured area has been distracted in a percutaneous manner, however, there is little need for a large incision extending up and down the spinal column. Rather, the physician can choose to expose only those specific areas requiring treatment under direct visualization, and treat the remainder of the injured tissue in a less invasive manner.
  • the methods and devices of the present invention enable distraction of the injured tissue in a safe and repeatable manner, and can immobilize the injured spinal segment during the surgery, these devices may be particularly useful during surgery involving reconstruction of extensive damage to the spinal column, including the insertion of vertebral blocks and spacers.
  • the physician may perform any combination of the above, if desired. COMPLETION OF SURGERY After the surgical removal, repair and/or replacement of the injured tissue has been completed (See FIG. 13), the distraction element 300 will desirably be loosened and detached from the anchoring devices 205.
  • the anchoring devices 205 are removed from the upper and lower levels 100 and 110. If desired, a small amount of bone filling material (not shown) may be introduced into the voids left in the pedicles of the upper and lower levels 100 and 110 (left by removal of the devices 205), and the skin overlying these areas may be sutured and/or bandaged closed. See FIG. 14.
  • the physician may choose to keep the element in place to facilitate healing and/or patient ambulation, or the element can be adjusted to partially load or further unload the spine, or can be completely removed if spinal stability is restored to a safe level.
  • the element may also be readjusted to facilitate surgical treatment of other locations in the spine column.
  • the various embodiments of the present invention bring with them one or more attendant advantages. For example, because the skin and soft tissues overlying the surgical site are largely undisturbed during the disclosed procedures, the likelihood of post-surgical infection is greatly reduced (as opposed to a large surgical incision). Another advantage is that much of the connective tissue and supporting structure for the spine remains intact, thereby greatly improving spinal stability after surgery as well as significantly reducing recovery time and pain. Another advantage is that the use of distraction to reduce and/or reverse compressive loading on the spine greatly increases the opportunity to move cortical bone for vertebral fracture repair and/or remove/displace/repair disk material, resulting in more complete restoration of the vertebral bone and disk height.
  • Another advantage is that the use of distraction greatly improves the ability of the physician to visualize (using laparoscopic or open visualization) the injured disk space, which can be drawn apart to further facilitate the surgical procedure.
  • Another advantage is that the devices and methods of the present invention allow a physician to access the injured tissues much more quickly than in traditional surgeries, as well as greatly reducing wound closure time, thereby reducing overall surgical time.
  • Another advantage is that the methods disclosed in the present invention significantly reduce the amount of blood and fluid loss during surgery, thereby making the surgery safer for the patient.
  • the devices and methods of the present invention prevent the need to remove refractors during prolonged surgical procedures, allowing improved blood flow to the retracted tissues, while adding to the amount of time the surgeon has available to complete the surgery.
  • the facet joints 115 may not be desired or possible to allow the facet joints to withstand compressive loading during the distraction procedure.
  • the physician may choose to utilize a distraction device such as the one disclosed in FIG. 15.
  • the element comprises a pair of distraction mechanisms 370 and 380 (hereinafter referred to as “inner element 370" and “outer element 380"). i the disclosed embodiment, the construction of each of these mechanisms is similar to that described in connection with element 300.
  • the inner element 370 and the outer element 380 are secured to the devices 205, with the inner element 370 flush against the skin 370 and the outer element 380 proximate the end 207 of the devices 205.
  • the physician need merely shorten the length Lo of the outer element 380 (causing the distraction distance D D to increase), or the physician can lengthen the length Li of the inner element 370 (similarly causing the distraction distance Dp to increase), resulting in distraction of the spinal segment without significant compressive loading of the facet joints 115.
  • the relative position of the facet joints 115 can remain constant during distraction of the anterior vertebral bodies by adjustment of outer element 380 and reduction of length Lo. Aside from reducing or eliminating this compressive loading of the facet joints 115 during distraction, the present embodiment also greatly enhances the physician's control of the spinal segment distraction. If the physician desires to change the orientation of the anchors relative to each other, or desires to increase distraction forces in a specific area of the spinal segment without affecting the entirety of the spinal segment, the disclosed embodiment permits the physician to manipulate the inner and outer elements 370 and 380 to accomplish such goals.
  • FIG. 16 depicts another alternate embodiment of a distraction element 400 constructed in accordance with the teachings of present invention, fri this embodiment, distraction element 400 comprises an adjustable framework having four eyes 420, desirably sized to accommodate four corresponding anchoring devices (not shown), and four adjustable links 405 for adjusting the length of each individual side in a manner similar to that disclosed in connection with distraction element 300.
  • this element can be adjusted to accommodate anchoring devices (not shown) secured to the left and right pedicles of two vertebral bodies of a spinal segment. After being attached to a targeted spinal segment (not shown), and used in the previously described manner to distract the spinal segment, the physician will be free to access the injured vertebral tissue through the opening 450 in the middle of the distraction element 300. DISTRACTION TECHNIQUES: Depending upon the extent of injury, and the desired treatment goal, various distraction techniques and tools may be employed. To treat a relatively "simple" vertebral body fracture (such as a simple compression fracture), where the posterior vertebra including pedicle and facet joint are still intact, a single-arm distraction device (as disclosed in FIG.
  • a pair of anchoring devices may be useful to accomplish the goal of reducing and repairing the fracture, hi the case of more complex fractures, involving fractures of the vertebral body and pedicles/facet joints, a more elaborate multi-arm distraction device may be necessary to distract and repair the involved soft and hard tissue damage. See FIGs. 15 and 16.
  • the distraction device could anchor to three or more vertebral levels of the spinal column using multiple levels of anchoring devices. It should also be understood that other distraction devices, such as lever-operated or infiatable/defiatable distraction tools and elements, could be incorporated into the distraction device of the present invention, with varying results.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Neurology (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des dispositifs et des procédés de traitement des os et des structures de support des tissus mous associées souffrant de fractures et/ou maladies. Plus spécifiquement, la présente invention concerne des dispositifs et des procédés de réparation, de renforcement et/ou de traitement de la colonne vertébrale humaine et des structures de support associées en utilisant plusieurs dispositifs, à savoir des dispositifs minimalement invasifs d’exognathie, de formation de cavités et de retrait/réparation/remplacement des disques.
PCT/US2005/003954 2004-02-14 2005-02-09 Procédés et dispositifs de traitement des fractures et des maladies osseuses WO2005079684A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US54479704P 2004-02-14 2004-02-14
US60/544,797 2004-02-14

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2005079684A1 true WO2005079684A1 (fr) 2005-09-01

Family

ID=34886085

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2005/003954 WO2005079684A1 (fr) 2004-02-14 2005-02-09 Procédés et dispositifs de traitement des fractures et des maladies osseuses

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2005079684A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8758347B2 (en) 2010-03-19 2014-06-24 Nextremity Solutions, Inc. Dynamic bone plate
US9907582B1 (en) 2011-04-25 2018-03-06 Nuvasive, Inc. Minimally invasive spinal fixation system and related methods
WO2019016303A1 (fr) 2017-07-20 2019-01-24 Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Distracteur d'articulation pour la colonne vertébrale

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3807335A1 (de) * 1988-03-05 1989-09-14 Orthoplant Endoprothetik Repositions- und distraktionsgeraet
WO1990002527A1 (fr) * 1988-09-09 1990-03-22 Australian Defence Industries Pty. Limited Ecarteur spinal
US4969888A (en) * 1989-02-09 1990-11-13 Arie Scholten Surgical protocol for fixation of osteoporotic bone using inflatable device
US5258031A (en) * 1992-01-06 1993-11-02 Danek Medical Intervertebral disk arthroplasty
US6648920B2 (en) * 1999-10-08 2003-11-18 Bret A. Ferree Natural and synthetic supplements to engineered annulus and disc tissues

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3807335A1 (de) * 1988-03-05 1989-09-14 Orthoplant Endoprothetik Repositions- und distraktionsgeraet
WO1990002527A1 (fr) * 1988-09-09 1990-03-22 Australian Defence Industries Pty. Limited Ecarteur spinal
US4969888A (en) * 1989-02-09 1990-11-13 Arie Scholten Surgical protocol for fixation of osteoporotic bone using inflatable device
US5258031A (en) * 1992-01-06 1993-11-02 Danek Medical Intervertebral disk arthroplasty
US6648920B2 (en) * 1999-10-08 2003-11-18 Bret A. Ferree Natural and synthetic supplements to engineered annulus and disc tissues

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8758347B2 (en) 2010-03-19 2014-06-24 Nextremity Solutions, Inc. Dynamic bone plate
US9907582B1 (en) 2011-04-25 2018-03-06 Nuvasive, Inc. Minimally invasive spinal fixation system and related methods
US10716600B1 (en) 2011-04-25 2020-07-21 Nuvasive, Inc. Minimally invasive spinal fixation system
US11596453B2 (en) 2011-04-25 2023-03-07 Nuvasive, Inc. Minimally invasive spinal fixation system
WO2019016303A1 (fr) 2017-07-20 2019-01-24 Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Distracteur d'articulation pour la colonne vertébrale

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US8372115B2 (en) Bone support device, system and method
US7959638B2 (en) Methods and devices for treating bone after high velocity and/or trauma fracture
US9439771B2 (en) Laterally expandable spinal prosthesis
WO2005048856A1 (fr) Implant dilatable pour le traitement d'os fracture and/ou d'os affaisse
EP1424947A1 (fr) Systemes et methodes de traitement de l'os
US20090254132A1 (en) Devices and methods for the treatment of bone fracture
US20110190776A1 (en) Interosteal and intramedullary implants and method of implanting same
WO2005079684A1 (fr) Procédés et dispositifs de traitement des fractures et des maladies osseuses
US20120157832A1 (en) Fracture fragment mobility testing for vertebral body procedures

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NA NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): BW GH GM KE LS MW MZ NA SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LT LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

WWW Wipo information: withdrawn in national office

Country of ref document: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase