WO2005078994A1 - Procede de realisation d'une ligne privee virtuelle - Google Patents

Procede de realisation d'une ligne privee virtuelle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005078994A1
WO2005078994A1 PCT/CN2005/000120 CN2005000120W WO2005078994A1 WO 2005078994 A1 WO2005078994 A1 WO 2005078994A1 CN 2005000120 W CN2005000120 W CN 2005000120W WO 2005078994 A1 WO2005078994 A1 WO 2005078994A1
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Prior art keywords
label
local area
area network
virtual
virtual local
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PCT/CN2005/000120
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Bin Li
Defeng Li
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Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
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Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Priority to US10/587,538 priority Critical patent/US7733883B2/en
Priority to EP05700492A priority patent/EP1713197B1/en
Priority to DE602005008378T priority patent/DE602005008378D1/de
Publication of WO2005078994A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005078994A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/46Interconnection of networks
    • H04L12/4633Interconnection of networks using encapsulation techniques, e.g. tunneling
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/46Interconnection of networks
    • H04L12/4641Virtual LANs, VLANs, e.g. virtual private networks [VPN]
    • H04L12/4645Details on frame tagging
    • H04L12/465Details on frame tagging wherein a single frame includes a plurality of VLAN tags
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/70Admission control; Resource allocation
    • H04L47/72Admission control; Resource allocation using reservation actions during connection setup
    • H04L47/724Admission control; Resource allocation using reservation actions during connection setup at intermediate nodes, e.g. resource reservation protocol [RSVP]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/70Admission control; Resource allocation
    • H04L47/82Miscellaneous aspects
    • H04L47/825Involving tunnels, e.g. MPLS

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the realization of a virtual private network, in particular to a method for realizing a virtual leased line in a virtual private network.
  • Ethernet technology based on Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (“TCP / IP” for short) has been developed for more than 30 years, and it has become the dominant local area network technology and has been successful. Enter the core network of the public network, take root in the metropolitan area network, and gradually penetrate into the public access network. For almost every application, Ethernet technology has become a de facto transmission protocol standard. Because of its simplicity, flexibility, and low cost, its advantages have far surpassed some traditional technologies, such as Token Ring. ), Fiber Distributed Data Interface (“FDDI” for short) and Asynchronous Transfer Mode (“ATM” for short). With the development of Local Area Network (“LAN”) and Ethernet switching technology based on Ethernet technology, Virtual Local Area Network (“VLAN”) has appeared.
  • LAN Local Area Network
  • VLAN Virtual Local Area Network
  • VLAN is a technology defined by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (“IEEE”) 802.1Q based on the division of LANs based on LAN switch technology.
  • IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
  • IP networks can not only provide traditional e-mail and Internet services, but also provide end-to-end forwarding control and quality of service (QoS, Quality of Service).
  • QoS Quality of Service
  • MPLS Multi-Protocol Label Switching
  • MPLS Multi-Protocol Label Switching
  • a label is a fixed length of 4 Byte, a short identifier with local meaning, located between the link layer header and the network layer header, and is used to identify a Forwarding Equivalence Class (“FEC").
  • FEC refers to the label distribution protocol (Label Digestion Protocol, "LDP" for short)
  • LDP Label Digestion Protocol
  • Label represents the label value and is 20 bits in length (bit), which is a pointer used for packet forwarding; Time to Live (TTL for short) The length is 8 bits, which has the same meaning as the TTL in the IP packet.
  • Exp is a total of 3 bits and is reserved for testing.
  • S is 1 bit long, indicating the layer where the multi-layer label is located. It is the lowest-level label.
  • Shim method the Shim method and the Asynchronous Transfer Mode / Frame Relay (ATM / FR) method, as shown in the figure. 2.
  • the decision to bind a specific label to a specific FEC is made by a downstream Label Switch Router (Label Router, "LSR" for short), and the downstream LSR then notifies the upstream LSR, that is, the label is specified by the downstream, and the label binding Distribution in the upstream direction.
  • the label distribution method can be the autonomous label distribution in which the downstream LSR performs label assignment and distribution without obtaining a label request message from the upstream LSR, or the label assignment and distribution can be performed after the downstream LSR obtains the label request message from the upstream LSR.
  • On-demand label distribution There are also two types of label retention: free label retention and conservative label retention.
  • an upstream LSR Ups tream Router, "Ru” for short
  • a downstream LSR Downs tream Router, label binding "Rd”
  • Ru uses a free label retention method
  • Ru discards the binding it is said that Ru uses a conservative label retention method.
  • the free label retention method can be used; when the LSR is required to save a small number of labels, the conservative label retention method can be used.
  • the basic constituent units of an MPLS network are LSR devices 10-1, 10-2, ....
  • LSRs 10-9 and the network formed by the LSR is called an MPLS domain.
  • LSRs located at the edge of the MPLS domain and connected to other user networks are called edge LSRs.
  • the LSR devices 10-1, 10-2, 10-5, 10-8, and 10-9 shown in Figure 3 are all edge LSRs.
  • the LSRs in a domain are called core LSRs.
  • LSR devices 10-3, 10-4, 10-6, and 10-7 are core LSRs.
  • the core LSR can be a router that supports MPLS, or it can be an ATM-LSR upgraded from an ATM switch.
  • a packet to which a label is assigned is transmitted along a Label Switching Path (Label Switch Path (referred to as "LSP")) composed of a series of LSRs.
  • Label Switch Path Label Switch Path
  • the ingress LSR is called Ingres s
  • the egress LSR is called Egres s.
  • the path connected by LSR devices 10-2, 10-3, 10-4, and 10-5 shown in Figure 3 is an LSP.
  • the Ingres s of this LSP is LSR device 10-2, and the Egres s is LSR device 10- 5.
  • In Ingres s the packets entering the network are divided into FEC according to their characteristics. FEC is generally divided according to the IP address prefix or host address. These packets with the same FEC will go through the same path in the MPLS area, that is, the same LSP.
  • the LSR assigns a short, fixed-length label to the incoming FEC packet, and then forwards it out from the corresponding interface.
  • NHLFE next hop label forwarding entries
  • the LSR For the received label packet, the LSR only needs to find the corresponding NHLFE from the table according to the label, replace the original label with the new label, and then forward the label packet. This process is called input label mapping (Incoming Label Map, tube name) "ILM") 0
  • ILM input label mapping
  • the NHLFE also contains other necessary content such as link layer encapsulation information.
  • the FEC designation of specific packets by MPLS only needs to be performed at the network entrance. Subsequent LSRs need only be forwarded in a simple manner, which is much simpler than the conventional network layer forwarding, thereby improving the forwarding speed.
  • MPLS Resource reservation protocol
  • RSVP Resource Reservation Protocol
  • TE Traffic Engineering
  • PATH and RESV are extensions of the corresponding messages in RSVP.
  • RSVP-TE's PATH and RESV messages mainly include the following objects: Label request objects that request labels downstream
  • Label Request Object specifying a strict or loose explicit route object (Explicit Route Object), providing a label object (Label Object) for the upstream, a route record object that records the route used for loop detection ( Record Route Object), a traffic engineering attribute that controls the LSP, a Session Attribute Object, and a description object (Tspec Object) about the configuration of bandwidth resources.
  • RSVP-TE can also be improved using message merge technology, message identifier (MESSAGE_ID) technology, digest refresh technology, and HELLO protocol extension technology.
  • MPLS also supports LSP tunnel technology.
  • LSR Ru and LSR Rd are upstream and downstream of each other, but the path between LSR Ru and LSR Rd may not be part of the path provided by the routing protocol.
  • MPLS allows a new one to be established between LSR Ru and LSR Rd.
  • the LSP paths ⁇ Ru Rl ... Rn Rd>, LSR Ru and LSR Rd are the start and end points of this LSP, respectively.
  • the LSP between LSR Ru and LSR Rd is an LSP tunnel, which avoids the traditional network layer encapsulation tunnel.
  • a Label Distribution Protocol implements the establishment of an LSP, that is, binds the FEC and the label, and notifies the adjacent LSR on the LSP of the binding.
  • LDP specifies the message interaction process and message structure between LSRs, as well as the route selection method.
  • LSR periodically sends Hello messages to discover LSR neighbors, and then communicates with newly discovered Establish LDP sessions between neighboring LSRs.
  • adjacent LSRs advertise information such as the label switching mode, label space, and session hold timer value.
  • LDP sessions are TCP connections and need to be maintained through LDP messages. If there are no other LDP messages within the time specified by the session hold timer value, a session hold message must be sent to maintain the existence of the LDP session.
  • MPLS also supports const in-based routing LDP ("CR-LDP").
  • CR-LDP means that when an ingress node initiates the establishment of an LSP, it routes the LSP in the label request message. Added some constraint information. These constraint information may be the precise designation of the LSR along the way, which is called strict explicit routing at this time; or the fuzzy restriction when selecting the downstream LSR, which is called loose explicit routing at this time.
  • a virtual leased line (Virtua l Leased Line,
  • VLL refers to a dedicated virtual channel established by user networks distributed in different regions through network resources provided by a network provider, so that user networks in different regions can communicate through the established dedicated virtual channel (ie, VLL).
  • the network provider does not participate in maintaining the routing of the network, but only provides link-layer interworking between user networks in these different regions, and guarantees the privacy of the user network during communication.
  • This service is often classified It is a Layer 2 (Layer 2 or "L2”) VPN.
  • Layer 2 Layer 2
  • L2 Layer 2
  • MPLS L2 VPN is to transparently transmit the user's Layer 2 data on the MPLS network.
  • the MPLS network is a Layer 2 switched network, and users can establish Layer 2 connections between different sites through the network.
  • a Layer 2 VPN because the service provider does not participate in routing, the confidentiality of customer routing can be achieved naturally.
  • each user network edge router CE, Cus tom Edge Router
  • CE Cus tom Edge Router
  • the MPLS L2 VPN networking diagram is shown in Figure 5.
  • a Layer 2 VPN can pass Mul t i-Protocol Border Gateway Protocol (referred to as "MP-BGP") is extended and can also be implemented through LDP extension.
  • MP-BGP Mul t i-Protocol Border Gateway Protocol
  • the frame encapsulation modes of the two implementations are the same. For specific implementation, refer to draf t-mart ini_12circui t-encap-mpl s-04.
  • the Gateway Protocol (L2 VPN) extended implementation is called Kompel la MPLS L2 VPN.
  • Kompel la MPLS L2 VPN the working principle of user network edge router (CE), provider edge router (Provider Edge Router, "PE") and P is the same as the working principle of routers in BGP / MPLS VPN, and it also uses labels.
  • Stack to implement transparent transmission of user packets in an MPLS network.
  • the outer label, the Tunnel label is used to pass packets from one PE to another PE, and the inner label, the VC label, is used to distinguish connections in different VPNs.
  • the receiving PE can decide which packet to send based on the VC label CE.
  • the packet label stack changes as shown in Figure 6.
  • the L2 VPN implemented through LDP extension is called Mart ini MPLS L2 VPN. It focuses on solving the problem of establishing a virtual channel (VC, Virtual Channel) between two CEs. Mart ini MPLS L2 VPN uses VC-TYPE + VC-ID to identify VC, where VC-T YPE indicates that the type of VC is ATM, VLAN or Point to Point Protocol ("PPP" for short), and VC-ID is used to uniquely identify a VC. Among all VCs of the same VC-TYPE, the VC-ID is unique in the entire SP network.
  • the PEs connecting the two CEs exchange VC labels through LDP, and bind the corresponding CEs through the VC-ID. After the establishment of the LSP connecting the two PEs is successful, and after the Chinese side's label switching and binding are completed, a VC is established, and the two CEs can pass Layer 2 data through the VC.
  • the Mart ini draft extends LDP and adds the FEC type of VC FEC.
  • LDP since the two PEs that exchange VC labels may not be directly connected, LDP must use a remote peer layer to establish a session and pass the VC FEC and VC labels on the session.
  • LDP is used as the passthrough Channel (Virtual Channel, "VC" for short) information signaling.
  • a remote LDP session is established between PEs, and the PE assigns a VC label to each connection between CEs.
  • the Layer 2 VPN information will carry the VC label and be forwarded to the peer PE of the remote session through the LSP established by LDP.
  • a VC LSP is actually established on the ordinary LSP.
  • Ingres s PE before the data packet enters the LSP, the inner layer of the data packet is labeled with the VC label, and then the LSP label. After reaching the Egres s PE, the outer label of the LSP is stripped and the You know which VC it is and forward it to the correct CE accordingly.
  • the QinQ protocol is a simple and easy-to-manage protocol. It does not require signaling support. It is only implemented through static configuration to maintain tunnel establishment. It is especially suitable for small-scale enterprise networks or small-scale cities with three-layer switches as the backbone. Domain network.
  • Figure 7 shows a network based on the traditional IEEE 802.1Q protocol. The configuration method shown in FIG. 7 must make the user's VLAN visible on the backbone network. It not only consumes the valuable VLAN ID resources of the service provider, but also requires the service provider to manage the user's VLAN number. The user does not have the right to plan the VLAN.
  • QinQ protocol provides users with a unique public network VLAN ID, encapsulates the user's private network VLAN tag in this new public network VLAN ID, and relies on it to propagate on the public network.
  • the user's private network VLAN ID is on the public network.
  • the network is shielded, which greatly saves the shortage of VLAN ID resources for service providers, as shown in Figure 8.
  • the public network only needs to assign a VLAN number 3 to the user. No matter how many private network VLAN IDs are planned inside the user network, when the tagged user packets enter the backbone network of the service provider, they are forcibly inserted into the newly assigned one.
  • the public network VLAN number passes through the backbone network through the public network VLAN number.
  • the transmission packet in the backbone network has two layers Gen 80 2.
  • 1Q tag header, a Tag is a public network, a private network tag.
  • the packets sent by users to PE1 carry the VLAN tag (range 200-300) of the user's private network, as shown in Figure 9; after entering PE1, the incoming port is Q inQ For the access port of PE1, PE1 ignores the VLAN tag of the user's private network, but inserts the default VLAN 3 tag of the incoming port into the user packet, as shown in Figure 10; In the backbone network, the packet propagates along the port of Trunk VLAN 3. The tag of the user's private network remains transparent in the backbone network until it reaches the edge device PE2; PE2 finds that the port connected to CE2 is the access port of VLAN 3, and strips the tag header of VLAN 3 according to the traditional 802.1Q protocol.
  • the original message is restored to the user and then sent to CE2.
  • the restored original message is the same as that shown in FIG. 9.
  • the above solution has the following problems:
  • the VLL implementation scheme described in the first implementation scheme and the second implementation scheme has complicated encapsulation protocols, and in the case of the Ethernet MAN, the packet encapsulation overhead is relatively large.
  • the QinQ implementation of the VLL solution described in the third implementation solution has a large label configuration workload and maintenance workload when the network size is large.
  • the main reason for this situation is that the VLL implementation methods described in the first implementation scheme and the second implementation scheme are exchanged according to MPLS labels, the protocol is more complicated, and because there are two layers of MPLS labels and two Ethernets The header of the link layer frame has a large packet encapsulation overhead.
  • the label of the third implementation scheme is statically configured. Therefore, when the network is large in size, label configuration and maintenance are difficult, which results in an increase in workload.
  • the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for implementing a virtual leased line, so that the existing equipment can be fully utilized, and the configuration and maintenance of the label can be simplified while the package of the message is simple and the overhead is small. Workload.
  • the present invention provides a method for implementing a virtual leased line, including the following steps:
  • Extended label distribution protocol can encapsulate virtual local area network labels for virtual local area network label distribution, and use the extended label distribution protocol as a topology discovery protocol for a Layer 2 virtual private network.
  • step B further includes the following sub-steps:
  • step B1 when the virtual local area network dual label switching device is located upstream, complete the conversion from the virtual local area network dual label encapsulation to the multi-protocol label switching encapsulation on the outbound interface of the virtual local area network Chinese label switching device; B2 when the virtual local area network dual label packaging When the switching device is located downstream, the upstream multi-protocol label switching device is not modified.
  • the virtual local area network dual-label switching device allocates a multi-protocol label switching label with the same scope as the virtual local area network label to the upstream. Multi-protocol label switching labels are identified on the interface and processed as virtual local area network labels.
  • the step B may also include the following sub-steps:
  • the upstream multi-protocol label switching device is modified to support virtual local area network dual label encapsulation.
  • the switching device assigns a virtual LAN label to the upstream.
  • the length of the virtual local area network label type used to carry the virtual local area network label is set in the label mapping message, so as to distribute the virtual local area network label upstream.
  • the same VLAN tag entered from different interfaces is treated as a different tag.
  • the virtual local area network dual label switching device adds a session parameter carrying a virtual local area network tag range in a label allocation protocol initialization message to notify a neighbor device that it is a virtual local area network dual label switching device.
  • step D the virtual LAN label request object carrying the virtual LAN label range value is added to the path message of the resource reservation protocol-traffic engineering to implement the setting of the virtual LAN label range.
  • step E a virtual local area network switching path is constructed through a tunnel multiplexing mechanism.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a label encapsulation structure in MPLS technology
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the encapsulation position of a label in a packet in the MPLS technology
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the composition of an MPLS network
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of an LSP tunnel implementation in MPLS technology
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of MPLS L2 VPN networking
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a packet label stack change during a forwarding process in a solution of implementing a VLL in a Kompel la MPLS L2 VPN mode;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a network based on a conventional IEEE 802.1Q protocol
  • FIG. 8 is a typical networking diagram of VLL implemented by the QinQ protocol
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the encapsulation of the packet sent by the user to PE1 in the VLL solution implemented by the QinQ protocol;
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of packet encapsulation after a packet enters PE1 in a VLL solution implemented by the QinQ protocol;
  • FIG. 11 is a main implementation principle flowchart of a method for implementing a virtual leased line according to the present invention.
  • the method for implementing VLL proposed by the present invention is aimed at the current situation of extensive use of Ethernet switches in metropolitan area networks, and takes advantage of the characteristics of Ethernet technology, based on technical simplicity and universality, based on VLAN tag switching and MPLS extension.
  • the basic principle is VLAN switching and localization, and this technology is used to establish VLL.
  • the solution of the present invention uses the VLAN identifier in the Ethernet 802.1Q encapsulation as a tag, implements a two-layer tag stack with QinQ technology, and uses the Ethernet frame header to encapsulate the payload, and at the same time extends the MPLS protocol to implement VLAN tag assignment, and draws on Existing mature technologies related to MPLS are used to achieve interoperability with the three existing technical solutions and to ensure the requirements of traffic engineering.
  • FIG. 10 is a main implementation principle flowchart of a method for implementing a virtual leased line according to the present invention.
  • the main implementation process is as follows:
  • Step S10 Configure the virtual local area network tag stack based on the virtual local area network dual-tag QinQ technology.
  • the solution of the present invention adopts the virtual local area network dual-tag technology (QinQ) technology to implement the VLAN tag stack.
  • QinQ virtual local area network dual-tag technology
  • the virtual local area network tag stack that can be implemented by the QinQ technology allows for two layers. , Of course, it can also be considered to be extended to an infinite level. Of course, it can also be set to allow the device to support only one layer of VLAN tags. Other tags use MPLS tags. When supporting the VLAN tag stack, the outer two layers of tags can be in QinQ format. The remaining labels use MPLS labels; the QinQ technology-based configuration of the VLAN label stack is already a well-known technology, which has been described in the background technology, and will not be repeated here.
  • Step S20 setting up a virtual local area network dual-tag (VLAN QinQ) switching device and a multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) device for interworking, that is, setting neighbor devices of the VLAN QinQ switching device in the network system to support MPLS, thereby completing VLAN tags and MPLS tags Exchange
  • VLAN QinQ virtual local area network dual-tag
  • MPLS multi-protocol label switching
  • the interworking of the VLAN tag and the MPLS tag can allow the neighbor devices of the VLAN QinQ switching device that supports this type of MPLS extension protocol allocation (this device is temporarily referred to as a dynamic QinQ switching device) to be MPLS devices that do not support QinQ.
  • this device is temporarily referred to as a dynamic QinQ switching device
  • the outbound interface of the dynamic QinQ switching device needs to complete the conversion from QinQ encapsulation to MPLS encapsulation.
  • a dynamic QinQ switching device is located downstream, two possibilities exist:
  • the first solution may not change the upstream MPLS device, but identify the MPLS label on the inbound interface of the dynamic QinQ switching device and treat it as a VLAN label.
  • the dynamic QinQ switching device assigns an MPLS label to the upstream, but the range of the assigned MPLS label is the same as the VLAN label, and is also 0-4095.
  • Another solution is to modify the upstream MPLS device and require the upstream MPLS device to support QinQ label encapsulation. At this time, the dynamic QinQ switching device located downstream will assign a VLAN label to the upstream.
  • the extended label distribution protocol can encapsulate the VLAN tags to distribute the VLAN tags, and use the extended LDP as the topology discovery protocol of the Layer 2 virtual private network (L2 VPN);
  • the present invention extends the standard label distribution protocol LDP so that the extended LDP can play two roles in an MPLS network: one is as a label distribution protocol, and the other is as a Layer 2 virtual private network (L2 VPN). Topology Discovery Protocol.
  • LDP Layer 2 virtual private network
  • Topology Discovery Protocol In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in order to support VLAN switching, the existing LDP protocol needs to be extended.
  • the extended LDP protocol is used to complete the above two functions.
  • the extended LDP protocol can define a new label type length value (Type Lenth Value, referred to as "TLV”) in the corresponding packet of LDP, which is called VLAN Label TLV. .
  • This new TLV format is defined as follows: 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
  • the VLAN tag is temporarily defined as 0x0203, which requires an Internet Assigned Numbers Authority ("I" ANA ") application; of the last 32 bits, only 12 bits are useful, indicating the value of the VLAN tag, the range is 0-4095; other bits are reserved.
  • the VLAN Label TLV encapsulation is used in the tag mapping message and is used to assign VLANs upstream Tags.
  • step S40 the VLAN tag range is set, that is, the VLAN tag is a new tag type, and the range is set to 0-4095. Since the number of VLAN tags is small, it is recommended that the tag space be a tag space per interface. The following is combined with a specific embodiment. This part of the solution of the invention:
  • a new tag type defined is a VLAN tag, and its range is set to 0-4095.
  • the VLAN tag is the same as that specified in IEEE 802.1Q, and the length is still 12 bits. Because the range of VLAN values is limited, the tag space of each interface must be supported. Therefore, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the same VLAN tags entered from different interfaces are treated as different tags. Label space per platform is optional. Because this dynamically assigned VLAN tag is used for Layer 2 transparent transmission, there is no need to set its TTL, that is, it does not need to support MPLS TTL. The loop detection can be completed by the signaling plane.
  • the device that uses the VLAN tag needs to notify the neighbor device.
  • This device uses the VLAN tag and requires the neighbor device to assign a label. Assign a VLAN tag to this device.
  • a neighbor device needs to be notified that it is a VLAN QinQ switching device, and it needs to assign a VLAN tag to itself.
  • This optional parameter is called a VLAN session parameter to implement the negotiation of the VLAN tag between the neighboring devices.
  • the tag is notified by the downstream device to the upstream device. Therefore, the VLAN QinQ switching device must notify The neighbor device uses a VLAN tag, that is, it forces the neighbor device to assign a VLAN tag to itself.
  • the optional parameter TLV format is as follows:
  • VLAN QinQ switching device uses an LDP initialization message to assign a label to a neighbor device, a VLAN tag value within a defined range is assigned.
  • the VLAN tag allocation and range value setting can be realized by modifying the tag allocation part of the Resource Reservation Protocol-Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE), and the traffic engineering part can completely inherit the existing standard without modification.
  • RSVP-TE Resource Reservation Protocol-Traffic Engineering
  • the modification of the label assignment part of RSVP-TE is the same as the above-mentioned extension of LDP protocol, and then the modified RSVP-TE is used to assign VLAN tags and negotiate the range of VLAN tags.
  • Label Request Object a Label Request Object
  • VLAN Labe l Reques t VLAN Labe l Reques t
  • Step S50 Based on the setting conditions and foundations of steps S10, S20, S30, and S40 described above, VLL is implemented by constructing a VLAN switching path, that is, after the constructed VLAN switching path, the VLANs of users at both ends are connected.
  • a VLAN switching path may be constructed by using a tunnel multiplexing mechanism.
  • two layers of labels need to be encapsulated for the text: a tunnel label and a VC label, where VC The label is assigned by the egress PE to the ingress PE. This can be done using LDP.
  • a QinQ technology can be used to encapsulate a two-layer tag into a packet.
  • the format of a VC tag is a VLAN tag. This VLAN tag is assigned by LDP.
  • the extension method is as described above.
  • VLL can be achieved with the above S 10-S50 solution.

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Description

实现虚拟租用线的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及虚拟专用网的实现,特别涉及虚拟专用网中实现虚拟 租用线的方法。
背景技术 基于传输控制协议 /网际互连协议 ( Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol, 筒称 "TCP/IP" ) 的以太网技术经过 30 多年的发展, 目前已经成为占绝对支配地位的局域网技术, 已经 成功进入公共网络的核心网、扎根于城域网并逐步渗透到公共接入网 络。 几乎对于每一个应用而言, 以太网技术已经成为事实上的传输协 议标准, 由于具有简单、 灵活和低成本的特点, 它的优势已经远远超 过传统的一些技术, 比如令牌环(Token Ring)、 光纤分步数据接口 (Fiber Distributed Data Interface, 筒称 "FDDI" )和异步传输 模式 ( Asynchronous Transfer Mode, 简称 "ATM" )。 随着基于以太网技术的局域网(Local Area Network,简称" LAN" ) 和以太网交换技术的发展, 出现了虛拟局域网 (Virtual Local Area Network,筒称" VLAN" )。 VLAN是由电子和电气工程师协会( Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 筒称 "IEEE" ) 802.1Q 定义的一种基于在局域网交换机技术的基础之上对局域网进行划分 的一种技术。 与此同时, 随着以太网技术的发展, 人们希望 IP网络不仅能够 提供传统的电子邮件(e- mail )、 上网等服务, 还能够提供端到端的 转发控制、 服务质量(QoS, Quality of Service)等服务。 其中多 协议标签交换(Multi- Protocol Label Switching, 筒称 "MPLS" ) 就是近年来在 IP技术基础之上, 结合 ATM技术发展起来的一种基于 处于链路层包头和网络层包头之间的标签以加快报文转发的一种技 术, 它能够兼容多种网络技术和链路层技术, 目前它在虚拟专用网 ( Virtual Private Networking, 简称 "VPN" ), 流量工程(Traff ic Engineer ing, 筒称 "TE,, ) , 服务质量 QoS等领域得到了广泛应用。 在 MPLS技术中, 标签是一个长度固定为 4个字节、 具有本地意 义的短标识符, 位于链路层包头和网络层包头之间, 用于标识一个转 发等价类 (Forwarding Equivalence Class , 简称 "FEC" )。 其中, FEC是指标签分配协议(Label Di s tr ibut ion Protocol , 简称 "LDP" ) 进行标签分配时,被归为一类并分配相同标签的具有相同转发特征的 一些目的地址前缀或主机地址。特定分组上的标签代表着分配给该分 组的 FEC。 标签的封装结构如图 1。 其中, Label表示标签值, 长度 为 20比特( bi t ),是用于报文转发的指针;分组生命期( Time to Live, 简称 TTL )长度为 8比特, 和 IP分組中的 TTL意义相同; Exp共 3比 特, 作为保留用于试验; S长 1比特, 表明多层标签所处的层, 置 1 时表示为最底层标签。标签在分组中的封装位置有两种:垫层(SHIM ) 方式和异步传输模式 /巾贞中继 ( Asynchronous Transfer Mode /Frame Relay, 简称 "ATM/FR" ) 方式, 如图 2。 将特定标签绑定到特定 FEC 的决定由下游标签交换路由器 ( Label Swi tch Router, 简称 "LSR" )作出, 下游 LSR随后通知上 游 LSR,即标签由下游指定,标签绑定按照从下游到上游的方向分发。 标签分发方式可以是下游 LSR无需从上游 LSR获得标签请求消息即进 行标签分配与分发的自主标签分发, 也可以是下游 LSR获得上游 LSR 的标签请求消息之后才进行标签分配与分发的按需标签分发。标签保 持方式也有两种: 自由标签保持方式和保守标签保持方式。对于特定 的一个 FEC, 如果上游 LSR ( Ups tream Router, 简称 "Ru,,) 收到了 来自下游 LSR ( Downs tream Router , 筒称 " Rd" ) 的标签绑定, 当 Rd 不是 Ru的下一跳时, 如果 Ru保存该绑定, 则称 Ru使用的是自由标 签保持方式; 如果 Ru丢弃该绑定, 则称 Ru使用的是保守标签保持方 式。 当要求 LSR能够迅速适应路由变化时可使用自由标签保持方式; 当要求 LSR中保存较少的标签数量时可使用保守标签保持方式。 如图 3 所示, MPLS 网络的基本构成单元是 LSR设备 10-1、 10-2.... . 10-9 , 由 LSR构成的网络叫做 MPLS域。位于 MPLS域边缘和 其它用户网络相连的 LSR称为边缘 LSR, 例如图 3所示的 LSR设备 10-1、 10-2、 10-5、 10-8和 10- 9都为边缘 LSR; 位于 MPLS域内部的 LSR则称为核心 LSR, 例如 LSR设备 10-3、 10-4、 10- 6和 10- 7都为 核心 LSR。 核心 LSR可以是支持 MPLS的路由器, 也可以是由 ATM交 换机等升级而成的 ATM-LSR。 被分配了标签的分组沿着由一系列 LSR 构成的标签交换路径 ( Label Swi tched Path, 简称 "LSP" )传送, 入口 LSR叫 Ingres s ,出口 LSR叫 Egres s。图 3所示由 LSR设备 10—2、 10-3、 10-4和 10-5连接而成的路径就是一个 LSP,该 LSP的 Ingres s 为 LSR设备 10- 2 , Egres s为 LSR设备 10-5。 在 Ingres s , 将进入网络的分组根据其特征划分成 FEC。 一般根 据 IP地址前缀或者主机地址来划分 FEC。 这些具有相同 FEC的分组 在 MPLS区域中将经过相同的路径, 即相同 LSP。 LSR对到来的 FEC分 组分配一个短而定长的标签, 然后从相应的接口转发出去。 在 LSP沿途的 LSR上都已建立了输入 /输出标签的映射表, 该表 的元素叫下一跳标签转发条目 (Next Hop Label Forwarding Ent ry, 筒称 NHLFE )。 对于接收到的标签分组, LSR只需根据标签从表中找到 相应的 NHLFE, 并用新的标签来替换原来的标签, 然后对标签分组进 行转发,这个过程叫输入标签映射( Incoming Label Map,筒称" ILM" )0 NHLFE中除了包含有下一跳标签外, 还有链路层封装信息等其它必要 的内容。
MPLS对特定分组进行的 FEC指定只需要在网络入口处进行, 后 续 LSR只需筒单的转发即可, 较常规的网络层转发要筒单的多, 从而 提高了转发速度。
MPLS 对于实现流量工程的意义是十分重大的。 它能实现其它模 型所实现的各种流量工程功能, 而且成本 ^艮低, 更重要的是, 它还可 以实现流量工程功能的部分自动化。 目前多采用资源预留协议 ( Reservation Protocol , 筒称 "RSVP" ) -流量工程 ( Traffic Engineering, 简称 "TE,,) 来支持 MPLS TE, 它在 RSVP的基础上进 行流量工程的扩展。在 RSVP- TE中,主要的消息有 PATH和 RESV两种, 他们都是对 RSVP中的相应消息的扩展。 RSVP- TE的 PATH和 RESV消 息中, 主要包含下列几种对象: 向下游请求标签的标签请求对象
(Label Request Object), 指定严格或松散的显示路径的显式路径 对象 (Explicit Route Object), 为上游提供标签的标签对象 (Label Object ), 记录经过的路由用于环路检测的路由记录对象 (Record Route Object ), 控制 LSP 的流量工程属性会话属性对象(Session Attribute Object ) 和有关带宽资源的配置的说明对象 ( Tspec Object )。 除了扩展消息对象, RSVP-TE还可以使用消息合并技术、 消息标识符(MESSAGE_ID)技术、 摘要刷新技术和 HELLO协议扩展技 术进行改进。
MPLS还支持 LSP隧道(Tunnel)技术。 在一条 LSP路径上, LSR Ru和 LSR Rd互为上下游, 但 LSR Ru和 LSR Rd之间的路径可能并不 是路由协议所提供路径的一部分, MPLS允许在 LSR Ru和 LSR Rd间 建立一条新的 LSP路径 <Ru Rl... Rn Rd>, LSR Ru和 LSR Rd分别为 这条 LSP的起点和终点。 LSR Ru和 LSR Rd间的 LSP就是 LSP隧道, 它避免了传统的网络层封装隧道。当隧道经由的路由和逐跳从路由协 议取得的路由一致时, 这种隧道叫逐跳路由隧道; 若不一致, 则这种 隧道叫显式路由隧道。 当分组在 LSP隧道中传送时, 分组的标签就会 有多层。 在每一隧道的入口和出口处要进行标签栈的入栈和出栈操 作, 每发生一次入栈操作标签就会增加一层。 MPLS 对标签栈的深度 没有限制。 如图 4所示, LSP<R2 R21 R22 R3〉就是 R2、 R3间的一条 隧道。 标签分发协议 (LDP, Label Distribute Protocol ) 实现 LSP的 建立,即将 FEC和标签进行绑定,并将这种绑定通告 LSP上相邻 LSR。 LDP规定了 LSR间的消息交互过程和消息结构, 以及路由选择方式。 LSR通过周期性地发送 Hello消息来发现 LSR邻居, 然后与新发现的 相邻 LSR间建立 LDP会话。 通过 LDP会话, 相邻 LSR间通告标签交换 方式、 标签空间、 会话保持定时器值等信息。 LDP会话是 TCP连接, 需通过 LDP消息来维护,如果在会话保持定时器值规定的时间内没有 其它 LDP消息, 那么必须发送会话保持消息来维持 LDP会话的存在。 MPLS 还支持基于约束路由的 LDP机制 (Cons tra in- based Rout ing LDP, 筒称 "CR-LDP" )0 所谓 CR-LDP, 就是入口节点在发起建立 LSP 时, 在标签请求消息中对 LSP路由附加了一定的约束信息。 这些约束 信息可以是对沿途 LSR的精确指定, 此时叫严格的显式路由; 也可以 是对选择下游 LSR时的模糊限制, 此时叫松散的显式路由。 其中在 MPLS网路中, 虚拟租用线(Vi rtua l Leased Line, 筒称
"VLL" )技术是指使分布于不同地域的用户网络通过网絡提供商提供 的网络资源建立的专用虚拟通道,这样不同地域的用户网络可以通过 建立的专用虚拟通道(即 VLL )进行通信。 在 VLL中, 网络提供商不 参与维护网络的路由 ,只提供这些不同地域的用户网络之间的链路层 的互通, 并保证通信过程中保护用户网络的私有性, 这种业务经常被 归类为二层 (Layer 2 , 筒称 "L2" ) VPN。 现有实现 VLL的技术方案主要有三种, 下面分别介绍。 目前业界可以通过点到点的 MPLS L2 VPN实现 VLL, 即网络运营 商负责向用户提供二层的连通性, 而不需参与 VPN用户的路由计算。 简单地说, MPLS L2 VPN就是在 MPLS 网络上透明地传递用户的二层 数据。 从用户角度来看, 该 MPLS 网络就是一个二层交换网络, 用户 可通过网络在不同站点之间建立二层连接。 在二层 VPN中, 由于服务 供应商不参与路由, 因此可以自然而然地实现客户路由的保密性。 以 ATM为例, 为每个用户网络边缘路由器(CE, Cus tom Edge Router ) 配置一个 ATM虚电路, 通过 MPLS网络与远端 CE设备相连, 这一过程 与通过 ATM网络实现互联完全一样。 MPLS L2 VPN组网示意图如图 5 所示。 二层 VPN可以通过多协议边界网关协议( Mul t i- Protocol Border Gateway Protocol , 简称 "MP- BGP" )扩展实现, 也可以通过 LDP扩 展实现。 两种实现方式的帧封装模式相同, 具体实现可以参照 draf t-mart ini_12circui t-encap-mpl s-04。 第一种 VLL的实现方案: 通过多协议边界网关协议 ( MP-BGP , Mul t i-Protocol Border
Gateway Protocol )扩展实现的 L2 VPN, 称为 Kompel la MPLS L2 VPN 方式。 在 Kompel la MPLS L2 VPN中, 用户网络边缘路由器( CE )、 供 应商边缘路由器(Provider Edge Router , 简称 "PE" )和 P的工作 原理与 BGP/MPLS VPN中路由器的工作原理一样, 也是利用标签栈来 实现用户报文在 MPLS网络中的透明传送。其中外层标签即 Tunnel标 签用于将报文从一个 PE传递到另一个 PE, 内层标签即 VC标签用于 区分不同 VPN中的连接,接收方 PE可根据 VC标签决定将报文传递到 哪个 CE。在转发过程中,报文标签栈的变化如图 6所示。关于 Kompel la MPLS L2 VPN的实现可以参照 draf t- kompel la- ppvpn-12vpn- 02。 第二种 VLL的实现方案: 通过 LDP扩展实现的 L2 VPN, 称为 Mart ini MPLS L2 VPN方式。 它着重解决如何在两个 CE之间建立虚通道(VC, Virtua l Channel ) 的问题。 Mart ini MPLS L2 VPN采用 VC- TYPE+VC- ID来识别 VC, 其 中, VC- T YPE表明 VC的类型为 ATM、 VLAN或点到点协议( Point to Point Protocol , 筒称 "PPP" ), 而 VC- ID 用于唯一标志一个 VC。 在同一 VC-TYPE的所有 VC中, VC-ID在整个 SP网络中具有唯一性, 连接两 个 CE的 PE通过 LDP交换 VC标签,并通过 VC- ID将对应的 CE绑定起 来。 在连接两个 PE的 LSP建立成功, 汉方的标签交换和绑定完成后, 一个 VC就建立起来了, 两个 CE即可通过该 VC传递二层数据。 为了 在 PE之间交换 VC标签, Mart ini草案对 LDP进行了扩展, 增加了 VC FEC的 FEC类型。 此外, 由于交换 VC标签的两个 PE可能不是直接相 连的, 因此 LDP必须采用远端对等层来建立会话, 并在该会话上传递 VC FEC和 VC标签。 在该方式实现的 VLL中, 使用 LDP作为传递虛通 道(Virtual Channel , 筒称 "VC" )信息的信令。 PE之间将建立 LDP 的远程会话, PE为 CE之间的每条连接分配一个 VC标签。 二层 VPN 信息将携带着 VC标签, 通过 LDP建立的 LSP转发到远程会话的对端 PE。 这样实际上在普通的 LSP上建立了一条 VC LSP。 在 Ingres s PE 上, 数据包在进入 LSP之前, 先在数据包内层打上 VC标签, 然后再 打上 LSP的标签,这样, 到达 Egres s PE上时, 剥掉 LSP外层标签后, 根据 VC标签, 就知道是哪个 VC的, 并据此转发到正确的 CE上。 这 种方式, 配置一条 VC连接, 需在相关的两个 PE上各配置一个单向连 接 。 关 于 Mart ini MPLS L2 VPN 的 实 现 可 以 参 照 draf t—mart iiii— 12ci rcui t—trans—mpl s— 10。 第三种 VLL的实现方案: 使用 VLAN技术实现 VPN。 基于 IEEE 802. 1 Q封装协议 虚拟 局域网双标签( QinQ )技术,其核心思想是将用户私网 VLAN标识( tag ) 封装到公网 VLAN tag上, 报文带着两层 tag穿越服务商的骨干网络, 从而为用户提供一种较为筒单的二层 VPN隧道。 QinQ协议是一种简 单而易于管理的协议, 它不需要信令的支持, 仅仅通过静态配置实现 来维持隧道的建立, 特别适用于小型的, 以三层交换机为骨干的企业 网或小规模城域网。 图 7为基于传统的 IEEE 802. 1Q协议的网络。 图 7所示这种配置方法必须使用户的 VLAN在骨干网络上可见, 不仅耗 费服务提供商宝贵的 VLAN ID资源, 而且还需要服务提供商管理用户 的 VLAN号,用户没有自己规划 VLAN的权利。为了解决上述问题, QinQ 协议向用户提供一个唯一的公网 VLAN ID, 将用户私网 VLAN tag封 装在这个新的公网 VLAN ID中,依靠它在公网中传播, 用户私网 VLAN ID 在公网中被屏蔽, 从而大大地节省了服务提供商紧缺的 VLAN ID 资源, 如图 8所示。 公网只需要向用户分配一个 VLAN 3号, 无论用 户网内部规划了多少个私网 VLAN ID, 当带有 tag的用户报文进入服 务提供商的骨干网络时, 都统一地强行插入新分配的公网 VLAN号, 通过该公网 VLAN号穿过骨干网络,报文到达骨干网另一侧 PE设备后, 剥离公网 VLAN tag, 还原用户报文, 然后再传送给用户的 CE设备。 因此, 在骨干网中传递的艮文具有两层 802. 1Q tag头, 一个是公网 tag , 一个是私网 tag。 由于 CE1的出端口为干线(Trunk )端口, 因 此用户发往 PE1 的报文均携带用户私网的 VLAN tag (范围是 200-300 ), 如图 9; 进入 PE1后, 由于入端口为 Q inQ的接入端口, PE1不理会用户私网的 VLAN tag , 而是将入端口缺省 VLAN 3的 tag 强行插入用户报文, 如图 10; 在骨干网, 报文沿着 Trunk VLAN 3的 端口传播, 用户私网的 tag在骨干网中保持透明状态, 直至到达网络 边缘设备 PE2 ; PE2发现与 CE2相连的端口为 VLAN 3的接入端口, 按 照传统 802. 1Q协议剥掉 VLAN 3的 tag头, 恢复成用户的原始报文, 然后发送给 CE2 , 恢复的原始报文和图 9所示相同。 在实际应用中, 上述方案存在以下问题: 第一种实现方案和第二 种实现方案所述的 VLL实现方案存在复杂的封装协议,并且对于以太 城域网的情况下, 报文封装开销较大; 同时第三种实现方案所述的 QinQ 实现 VLL的方案在网絡规模较大时, 其标签的配置工作量和维 护工作量都^ ί艮大。
造成这种情况的主要原因在于,第一种实现方案和第二种实现方 案所述的 VLL实现方式是根据 MPLS标签进行交换的,协议比较复杂, 而且由于存在两层 MPLS标签和两个以太网链路层帧头, 因此报文封 装开销大; 而第三种实现方案的标签是静态配置的, 因此当网络规模 较大时, 标签的配置和维护都比较困难, 导致工作量加大。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的主要目的在于提供一种实现虚拟租用线的方 法, 使得能够充分利用现有设备, 在报文封装筒单、 开销较小的同时 又能筒化标签的配置及其维护工作量。
为实现上述目的, 本发明提供了一种实现虛拟租用线的方法, 包 含以下步骤:
A基于虛拟局域网双标签技术配置虚拟局域网标签栈;
B设置虚拟局域网双标签交换设备和多协议标签交换设备进行 互通;
C扩展标签分配协议能够封装虚拟局域网标签, 以进行虚拟局域 网标签的分发,并将扩展后的标签分配协议作为二层虚拟专用网的拓 朴发现协议; D设置虚拟局域网标签范围;
E基于所述步骤 A、 B、 C及 D, 通过构造虚拟局域网交换路径实 现虚拟租用线。 其特征在于, 所述虛拟局域网标签栈配置一层; 或 配置大于等于两层,最外层的两层标签采用虚拟局域网双标签格 式, 其余层的标签采用多协议标签交换格式的标签。 所述步 B还包含如下子步骤:
B1 当所述虚拟局域网双标签交换设备位于上游时, 在所述虚拟 局域网汉标签交换设备出接口上完成从虚拟局域网双标签封装到多 协议标签交换封装的转换; B2 当所述虚拟局域网双标签交换设备位于下游时, 不改动上游 多协议标签交换设备,所述虚拟局域网双标签交换设备给上游分配一 个范围和虚拟局域网标签相同的多协议标签交换标签,在所述虛拟局 域网双标签交换设备入接口上识别多协议标签交换标签并作为虚拟 局域网标签处理。 所述步骤 B也可以包含如下子步骤:
B1 当所述虚拟局域网双标签交换设备位于上游时, 在所述虚拟 局域网双标签交换设备出接口上完成从虛拟局域网双标签封装到多 协议标签交换封装的转换;
B2 当所述虛拟局域网双标签交换设备位于下游时, 改动上游多 协议标签交换设备支持虚拟局域网双标签封装,所述虚拟局域网汉标 签交换设备给上游分配虚拟局域网标签。 所述步骤 C 中通过设置用于承载虚拟局域网标签的虚拟局域网 标签类型长度值在标签映射消息中使用,以向上游分发虚拟局域网标 签。 而且, 从不同接口进入的相同虚拟局域网标签作为不同的标签。 所述虚拟局域网双标签交换设备通过在标签分配协议初始化消 息中增加承载有其采用的虚拟局域网标签范围的会话参数,以通知邻 居设备自身是一个虚拟局域网双标签交换设备。 在标签分配协议初始化后,所述虚拟局域网双标签交换设备向邻 居设备分配虛拟局域网标签时,分配所述设置范围内的虚拟局域网标 签值。 所述步骤 D中通过在资源预留协议-流量工程的路径消息中增加 承载有虚拟局域网标签范围值的虚拟局域网标签请求对象来实现虚 拟局域网标签范围的设置。
所述步骤 E中通过隧道复用机制构造虛拟局域网交换路径。 通过比较可以发现, 本发明的技术方案与现有技术的区别在于, 本发明方案综合采用了现有三种技术方案的实现思想, 利用 VLAN标 签进行交换并扩展 MPLS实现 VLL。
这种技术方案上的区别, 带来了较为明显的有益效果, 即首先, 本发明提出实现 VLL的方法综合了现有技术方案的优点, 协议筒单, 报文封装开销较小而且配置维护工作均较方便; 其次, 本发明方案基 于 MPLS扩展实现, 而目前各厂商设备均支持 MPLS信令协议, 在此基 础上扩展 MPLS协议来实现 QinQ VLAN交换的 VLL, 将充分利用现有 设备, 容易获得厂商的广泛支持; 第三, 本发明方案采用 MPLS协议, 对现有协议只需进行简单修改, 升级方便, 可以迅速的部署业务。 附图说明 图 1为 MPLS技术中标签的封装结构示意图; 图 1为 MPLS技术中标签在分组中的封装位置示意图;
图 3为 MPLS网络的组成示意图;
图 4为 MPLS技术中 LSP隧道实现的示意图;
图 5为 MPLS L2 VPN组网示意图;
图 6为 Kompel la MPLS L2 VPN方式实现 VLL的方案中, 在转发 过程中报文标签栈变化的示意图;
图 7为基于传統的 IEEE 802. 1Q协议的网络示意图;
图 8为 QinQ协议实现 VLL的典型组网示意图;
图 9为 QinQ协议实现 VLL的方案中, 用户发往 PE1的报文封装 示意图;
图 10为 QinQ协议实现 VLL的方案中,报文进入 PE1后的报文封 装示意图;
图 11是本发明实现虚拟租用线的方法的主要实现原理流程图。 具体实施方式 为使本发明的目的、 技术方案和优点更加清楚, 下面将结合附图对 本发明作进一步地详细描述。
本发明提出的实现 VLL的方法,针对目前在城域网中大量使用以太 网交换机的现状, 利用以太网技术自身的特点, 从技术简单性和普遍性 出发, 基于 VLAN标签交换和 MPLS扩展实现, 其基本原理是 VLAN交换 和本地化, 并采用这种技术来建立 VLL。 本发明方案利用以太网 802. 1Q 封装中的 VLAN标识作为标签, 用 QinQ技术实现两层标签栈, 并利用以 太网帧头封装净荷, 同时扩展 MPLS协议来实现 VLAN标签的分配, 并借 鉴和 MPLS相关的现有成熟技术, 来实现和现有三种技术方案的互通, 以及保证流量工程等方面的要求。
请参阅图 10, 该图是本发明实现虚拟租用线的方法的主要实现原 理流程图, 其主要实现过程如下:
步骤 S10 , 基于虚拟局域网双标签 QinQ技术进行配置虚拟局域网 标签栈; 本发明方案这里采用虚拟局域网双标签技术(QinQ )技术实现 VLAN标签栈,目前 QinQ技术能够实现的虚拟局域网标签栈允许为 2层, 当然也可考虑扩展到设置成为无限层次, 当然也可以设置允许设备仅支 持一层 VLAN标签, 其它标签采用 MPLS标签, 在支持虛拟局域网标签栈 时, 最外层的两层标签可以采用 QinQ格式, 其余标签采用 MPLS标签; 其中基于 QinQ技术来配置 VLAN标签栈已经是公知技术,在背景技术中 已经有了相关描述, 这里不再过多赘述。
步骤 S20, 设置虚拟局域网双标签(VLAN QinQ ) 交换设备和多协 议标签交换(MPLS )设备进行互通, 即在网络系统中设置 VLAN QinQ交 换设备的邻居设备都支持 MPLS , 从而完成 VLAN标签和 MPLS标签的交 换;
其中为达到使 VLAN Q i nQ交换设备和 MPLS设备进行互通, 以支持
VLAN标签与 MPLS标签的互通, 可以允许支持这种 MPLS扩展协议分配 的 VLAN QinQ交换设备(本文中暂称该设备为动态 QinQ交换设备) 的 邻居设备是不支持 QinQ的 MPLS设备。 这样当动态 QinQ交换设备位于 上游时, 在动态 QinQ 交换设备的出接口上, 需要完成从 QinQ封装到 MPLS封装的转换。 当动态 QinQ交换设备位于下游时, 有两种可能性存 在:
第一种方案可以不改动上游的 MPLS设备, 而是在动态 QinQ交换设 备的入接口上识别 MPLS标签, 把它当作 VLAN标签来处理。 这时, 动态 QinQ交换设备给上游分配一个 MPLS标签, 但该分配的 MPLS标签的范 围和 VLAN标签相同, 也为 0-4095。
另一种方案是改动上游的 MPLS设备,要求上游 MPLS设备支持 QinQ 标签封装,这时,位于下游的动态 QinQ交换设备给上游分配 VLAN标签。
步骤 S3Q , 扩展标签分配协议(LDP ) 能够封装 VLAN标签, 以进行 VLAN标签的分发, 并将扩展后的 LDP作为二层虚拟专用网 ( L2 VPN ) 的拓朴发现协议;
其中本发明通过扩展标准的标签分配协议 LDP,以使扩展后的 LDP 能够在 MPLS网络中起到两个作用: 一是作为标签分发协议, 二是作为 二层虚拟专用网 (L2 VPN ) 中的拓朴发现协议。 其中在本发明的一个 较佳实施例中, 为了支持 VLAN交换, 需要对现有 LDP协议进行扩展 以实现扩展的 LDP协议完成上述两个功能, 其扩展 LDP协议可以通过 在 LDP的相应报文中定义一种新的标签类型长度值( Type Lenth Value, 简称 "TLV" ),称为 VLAN Label TLV。 定义的这种新的 TLV格式如下: 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+一" h- +-+一" h- + -H "― +-+-+-- 1— H ~ +-+-+-H "一 +-+ -H -一 +-+-+-+-+-+-+
|0|0| VLAN Label (0x0203) I Length I
+-+-+-+-+-+-H "一 + -H "一 +-+一" h— +—+— +— +— +—+—+—" h- ~+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ I Reserved I VLAN I
+—+—++—+— +—+—+—+—+—+—-1 "一 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ 其中, 上述 TLV格式中前 32比特是标准的, VLAN标签暂时定义为 0x0203, 其需要向互联网号码分配权威组织 ( Internet Assigned Numbers Authority , 筒称 "I ANA" ) 申请; 后 32比特中, 只有 12比 特有用,表明 VLAN标签的值,范围是 0-4095;其它比特预留。其中 VLAN Label TLV封装在标签映射消息中使用, 并用于向上游分配 VLAN标签。
步骤 S40, 设置 VLAN标签范围, 即将 VLAN标签作为一种新的标签 类型, 其范围设置为 0-4095, 由于 VLAN标签数目较少, 建议标签空间 为每接口标签空间; 下面结合一个具体实施例来说明本发明方案的该部 分:
在本发明的一个较佳实施例中, 定义的一种新的标签类型即 VLAN 标签, 其范围设置为 0-4095。 在转发平面上, VLAN标签和 IEEE 802.1Q 中的规定相同, 长度仍为 12比特。 由于 VLAN值范围有限, 必须支持每 接口的标签空间, 因此在本发明的一个较佳实施例中, 从不同接口进入 的相同 VLAN标签作为不同的标签对待。 每平台的标签空间可选。 由于 这种动态分配的 VLAN标签应用于二层透明传输, 因此也不需要设置其 TTL, 即不需支持 MPLS TTL。 其环路检测依靠信令平面完成即可。
其中为了实现和邻居设备协商 VLAN标签,其釆用 VLAN标签的设备 需要通知邻居设备, 本设备采用 VLAN标签并要求邻居设备在分配标签 时给本设备分配 VLAN标签。 在 LDP初始化消息中, 需要通知邻居设备 自己是一个 VLAN QinQ交换设备, 需要其为自己分配 VLAN标签。
这样就需要在 LDP初始化消息中增加一种可选参数,该可选参数称 为 VLAN会话参数以实现邻居设备之间协商 VLAN标签:标签由下游设备 通知给上游设备, 因此 VLAN QinQ交换设备必须通知邻居设备本设备采 用 VLAN标签, 也就是强制邻居设备分配一个 VLAN标签给自己。 其可选 参数 TLV格式如下:
Figure imgf000016_0001
其中 Value定义如下:
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
"一 +-+-+-+-H -\ "一 "一 +-+-+-+-+-H "一 +-+-+-+-+- —+-+- "一" h-+
|0|0| VLAN Sess Parms (0x0503) | Length I
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
1 Reserved I Minimum VLAN | Maximum VLAN | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-4—+-+-+-+-+-+ 一般情况下, 要预留一些 VLAN做特殊用途, 因此就需要定义 VLAN 标签的范围。 初始化处理后, VLAN QinQ交换设备采用 LDP初始化消息 向邻居设备分配标签时, 就会分配定义范围内的 VLAN标签值了。
其中上述可以通过修改资源预留协议-流量工程(RSVP-TE)的标签 分配部分而实现 VLAN标签的分配和范围值的设置, 而流量工程部分可 以完全继承现有标准, 无需修改。
其中对 RSVP- TE的标签分配部分的修改要求同上述对 LDP协议的扩 展是一样的, 然后使用修改后的 RSVP-TE分配 VLAN标签以及协商 VLAN 标签范围。
其中在通过修改后的 RSVP- TE来协商 VLAN标签范围时, 可以通过 在 PATH消息中增加标签请求对象(Label Request Object ) 来完成。 即增加一种 Label Reques t Obj ect类型, 称为 VLAN Labe l Reques t , 格式如下:
Cl a s s = 19 , C - Type = 4
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
1 Res erved I LSPID I
+ -H ·— +-+-+-+-+-+-+-H -一 H "一 "一 + -H "一 +— \ "一 +-+-+-+-+-+
I Reserved | Minimum VLAN | Max imum VLAN | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ 这样上游向下游申明其支持的 VLAN标签范围后, 下游就会通过修 改后的 RESV-TE消息中的 PATH消息来分配设定范围内的 VLAN标签给它 了。
步骤 S50 ,基于上述步骤 S10、 S20、 S 30和 S40的设置条件和基础, 通过构造 VLAN交换路径来实现 VLL , 即通过构造的 VLAN交换路径后, 将两端用户的 VLAN连接起来。在本发明的一个较佳实施例中, 实现 VLL 时, 可以采用隧道复用机制来构造 VLAN交换路径, 在现有技术中需要 为才艮文封装两层标签: Tunnel标签和 VC标签, 其中 VC标签是出口 PE 分配给入口 PE的, 这一工作可采用 LDP来完成。 而在本发明的一个较 佳实施例中, 可以采用 QinQ技术来实现为报文封装两层标签, VC标签 的格式为 VLAN标签, 这个 VLAN 标签由 LDP分配, 扩展方式如上所述。
采用上述 S 10 - S50的方案即可实现 VLL。
虽然通过参照本发明的某些优选实施例, 已经对本发明进行了图示 和描述, 但本领域的普通技术人员应该明白, 可以在形式上和细节上对 其作各种各样的改变, 而不偏离所附权利要求书所限定的本发明的精神 和范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种实现虚拟租用线的方法, 其特征在于, 包含以下步骤:
A基于虛拟局域网汉标签技术配置虚拟局域网标签栈;
B设置虚拟局域网双标签交换设备和多协议标签交换设备进行 互通;
C扩展标签分配协议能够封装虚拟局域网标签, 以进行虚拟局域 网标签的分发,并将扩展后的标签分配协议作为二层虚拟专用网的拓 朴发现协议;
D设置虚拟局域网标签范围; E基于所述步驟 A、 B、 C及 D, 通过构造虚拟局域网交换路径实 现虚拟租用线。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的实现虚拟租用线的方法, 其特征在于, 所述虚拟局域网标签栈配置一层; 或 配置大于等于两层,最外层的两层标签采用虚拟局域网双标签格 式, 其余层的标签采用多协议标签交换格式的标签。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的实现虚拟租用线的方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤 B还包含如下子步骤:
B1 当所述虛拟局域网双标签交换设备位于上游时, 在所述虚拟 局域网双标签交换设备出接口上完成从虚拟局域网双标签封装到多 协议标签交换封装的转换;
B2 当所述虚拟局域网双标签交换设备位于下游时, 不改动上游 多协议标签交换设备,所述虚拟局域网双标签交换设备给上游分配一 个范围和虛拟局域网标签相同的多协议标签交换标签,在所述虛拟局 域网双标签交换设备入接口上识别多协议标签交换标签并作为虚拟 局域网标签处理。
4. 根据权利要求 1所述的实现虛拟租用线的方法, 其特征在于, 所述步驟 B还包含如下子步骤:
B1 当所述虚拟局域网双标签交换设备位于上游时, 在所述虚拟 局域网双标签交换设备出接口上完成从虚拟局域网双标签封装到多 协议标签交换封装的转换;
B2 当所述虚拟局域网双标签交换设备位于下游时, 改动上游多 协议标签交换设备支持虚拟局域网双标签封装,所述虚拟局域网汉标 签交换设备给上游分配虛拟局域网标签。
5. 根据权利要求 1所述的实现虚拟租用线的方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤 C 中通过设置用于承载虚拟局域网标签的虚拟局域网标签 类型长度值在标签映射消息中使用, 以向上游分发虚拟局域网标签。
6. 根据权利要求 1所述的实现虛拟租用线的方法, 其特征在于, 从不同接口进入的相同虚拟局域网标签作为不同的标签。
7. 根据权利要求 1所述的实现虚拟租用线的方法, 其特征在于, 所述虚拟局域网双标签交换设备通过在标签分配协议初始化消息中 增加承载有其采用的虚拟局域网标签范围的会话参数,以通知邻居设 备自身是一个虚拟局域网双标签交换设备。
8. 根据权利要求 7所述的实现虚拟租用线的方法, 其特征在于, 在标签分配协议初始化后,所述虚拟局域网双标签交换设备向邻居设 备分配虚拟局域网标签时, 分配所述设置范围内的虛拟局域网标签 值。
9. 根据权利要求 1所述的实现虚拟租用线的方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤 D中通过在资源预留协议-流量工程的路径消息中增加承载 有虚拟局域网标签范围值的虛拟局域网标签请求对象来实现虚拟局 域网标签范围的设置。
10.根据权利要求 1所述的实现虛拟租用线的方法,其特征在于, 所述步驟 E中通过隧道复用机制构造虚拟局域网交换路径。
PCT/CN2005/000120 2004-02-07 2005-01-28 Procede de realisation d'une ligne privee virtuelle WO2005078994A1 (fr)

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