WO2005070194A1 - Procede de revegetalisation d'une zone de terrain - Google Patents

Procede de revegetalisation d'une zone de terrain Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005070194A1
WO2005070194A1 PCT/GB2005/000192 GB2005000192W WO2005070194A1 WO 2005070194 A1 WO2005070194 A1 WO 2005070194A1 GB 2005000192 W GB2005000192 W GB 2005000192W WO 2005070194 A1 WO2005070194 A1 WO 2005070194A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sapropel
plant
land
plants
soil
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2005/000192
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Rupert Bevan
Original Assignee
Zander Corporation Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zander Corporation Ltd. filed Critical Zander Corporation Ltd.
Priority to EP05701957A priority Critical patent/EP1713319A1/fr
Publication of WO2005070194A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005070194A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
    • C09K17/52—Mulches
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
    • A01G13/0225—Wind breakers, i.e. devices providing lateral protection of the plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for the re- vegetation of an area of land.
  • the present invention relates to a process for the re- vegetation of an area of arid land. More particularly, the present invention relates to a process for reversing desertification.
  • Desertification namely, the formation of desert regions or arid regions of land from vegetated regions of land, is primarily caused by the action of drought and/or by the action of increased populations of humans and animals, particularly, herbivores, inhabiting an area of land.
  • the anthropogenic disturbances primarily responsible for desertification are local agricultural practices involving the removal of trees for fuel and timber without replacing them, in combination with over-grazing in such areas by farmed livestock, particularly goats.
  • the absence of trees or like structures filtering the strong convective winds caused by temperature differentials in these regions will render the top layer of soil dry and unstable, since the ground water rising at night in such regions will be burnt off by day through the combined action of heat evaporation and wind scorching, leaving behind only mineral particles, which are subject to perpetual drifting.
  • upward percolation of water will be restricted as a result of the top layer of soil becoming compacted by being trampled on by livestock employed in local agriculture. Therefore, it is evident that desertification results from the combined action of anthropogenic disturbances and the effect of wind action and heat from the sun.
  • Sapropel is a clay-like material, which is known as a source material for oil and natural gas.
  • the term, sapropel is derived from the Greek sapros, meaning “decayed” and pelos meaning “mud”, and denotes a range of marine and lacustrine sediments containing organic and inorganic components. Sapropels range from the black organic oozes associated with the Silurian rock formations to variously coloured Holocene deposits.
  • Table 1 countries and regions of the world where sapropel is reported to be found, together with description of geological age.
  • Deposits of sapropel are mainly associated with sub-boreal lakes of Northern Europe, Siberia, Canada and the northern states of the U.S.A. Within Europe there are concentrations of sapropel-rich lakes in Karelia, Estonia, Lithuania, Lithuania, Tru and the Czech Republic. Smaller amounts are reported to exist in Denmark, Finland, Sweden, the Netherlands, northern Italy and eastern parts of Germany. Extensive deposits are also found in the Russian Federation, Belarus and Ukraine.
  • sapropels are found as lake deposits. They may have their origin under peat formed in subsequent layers of vegetation. For example, sapropel from the Lake Sakhtysh region of * northwest Russia is mined from beneath dry peat land.
  • Marine sapropels can also occur which are also Holocene. They are associated with the seas bordering arid regions, such as Louisiana and the Sierra Nevada of Venezuela, and the eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea in Europe.
  • sapropels have been reported to form at a rate of 1mm per annum.
  • the organic components of sapropel accumulates in micro-laminations from a continuous rain of organic debris originating in vast reed beds bordering the lakes and is therefore autochthonous, i.e. originating from within the area of the lake.
  • the inorganic component of sapropel is probably allochtonous, i.e. originating from outside the lake, but the migration of certain minerals such as calcium, magnesium and sulphur may originate from allochtonous organic sources.
  • Sapropels exhibit varying alkalinity.
  • sapropels having a pH greater than 7 are termed "lime-sapropels" and are usually characterised by the presence of several species of snails.
  • Sapropel can form in marine environments, as well as in freshwater lakes.
  • sulphur-rich water acts as a reducing agent and provides an environment where organic debris can form sapropel.
  • the sulphur itself is derived from the partial decomposition of plant and animal matter.
  • the adjacent land mass is usually arid and well-leached of plant-growth supporting minerals. This may result in a correspondingly high supply of nutrients supporting a rich diversity of biota off the coast.
  • sapropel-rich lakes are situated on low-lying land.
  • the lake bedrock is relatively insoluble and the lakeside soils tend to be podzols, from which nutrients are easily leached.
  • the lakes themselves become sumps for these mobilised mineral salts, which are assimilated by reed beds that act as water-purifying agents.
  • Sapropel forms on the lake floor in much the same way as peat forms on a raised or blanket bog.
  • the organic compound is derived from limnic (surface) vegetation, in particular, reeds. As these herbaceous plants pass through their annual cycle of growth and decay, they give rise to a continuous stream of organic waste material that accumulates on the lake bed.
  • sapropel has been utilised as a fertiliser.
  • the use of sapropel as a fertiliser has not been pursued due to its low nitrogen content, this, is despite the fact that many attempts have been made to increase its nitrogen content.
  • sapropel has also been utilised in some countries as a supplement to animal feed.
  • a process for the re-vegetation of an area of land or a process for reversing or arresting desertification including the step of: planting at least one plant to produce a windbreak, characterised in that at least one of the plants which is planted to produce the windbreak is planted in a growth medium which contains sapropel.
  • sapropel not only possesses high cation exchange and water-retention capabilities, but also has unique salt- resistant/absorbent properties that enables it to attract and hold on to salt such that it not only protects the plant's roots from saline contamination, but also allows the plant's root system, including the plant's tap root and ancillary roots, to develop quickly, allowing it to exploit all sources of moisture or water available to it. That is, and based on its water retentive capabilities, sapropel has the capability of stimulating a phreatophytic reaction, i.e.
  • the growth medium is formed by mixing soil, sand or earth, local or otherwise, with sapropel in a ratio of between 15:1 and 1:1 by volume, preferably between 15:1 and 3:1 by volume.
  • the growth medium is formed by mixing soil, sand or earth, local or otherwise, with sapropel in a ratio of 5:1 by volume, preferably 3:1 by volume. It is to be understood that the soil, sand or earth that is mixed with the sapropel need not be obtained from the surrounding area, but can be brought in from other areas.
  • mycorrhizal inoculants to aid the stimulation of plant growth is also added to the growth medium.
  • a preferred inoculant includes vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae.
  • the growth medium including the mixture of sapropel and soil or earth is mixed with water until field capacity is reached i.e. no more water can be held. At this point, the resulting mixture has a consistency akin to wet cement.
  • the at least one plant is planted within about 0.5 litres of the growth medium.
  • the growth medium is moulded around the roots of the at least one plant being planted.
  • the at least one plant is planted in a pit at least 3cm below nursery level.
  • the method includes the step of watering the at least one plant.
  • the at least one plant is surrounded by means to reflect the sun's rays. For example, this can be achieved by surrounding the at least one plant with surface stones, porous matting or sand.
  • the plants could be surrounded by tree guards and/ or attached to stakes and/or the whole area could be cordoned off.
  • sapropel as part of a growth medium to arrest or reverse desertification.
  • the third design contained one tree species: oval-leafed privet (Ligustrum ovalifolium). It was intended to use species which were tolerant of high temperatures such as would be found in an arid region. SantoUna chamaecyparissus and Rosemarinus officinalis are indigenous to the Mediterranean Maquis, Chamaedorea elegans is a native of the Brazilian rainforest; and Hibbertia aspera originates in the Australian Bush. Ligustrum ovalifolium is Japanese in origin and tolerant of high temperatures.
  • the numbers 1-60 were distributed randomly and the pipes placed in four groups of 15 pipes each. Numbers 1-10, 21-30 and 41-50 were amended with sapropel by mixing 50 cm of the sediment with 150 cm of the surface Holm sand (see Fig. 1). Over a period of 30 months, three types of crop were grown and their progress recorded. At fruition, final parameters were measured in one destructive harvest. Seeds and transplants were watered initially with approximately 1 litre of tap water to ensure settlement of growth media, thus reducing the chances of early desiccation. All subsequent irrigation was applied to the glasshouse basal substratum so that capillary action would maintain moisture content thereafter.
  • Root and haulm development, and fresh and dry mass were the principal growth parameters measured with the shrubs and trees. The results were tabulated and presented in the form of graphs of comparison between plants grown in amended and unamended substrates.
  • the privet was grown purely to test the ability of the plants to survive in the simulated desert environment. Accordingly, sixty one-year-old rooted cuttings were purchased from Wyevale Nurseries PLC of Hereford and individual cuttings were planted in the desert substrate columns. Thirty of the columns were amended with 100 g composted black sapropel. The plants were watered in with 1 litre of tapwater each day for five days to encourage early establishment. Thereafter water was applied only to the basal substratum as before.
  • Table 3 fresh mass and seed number. * denotes significant differences between plants grown in amended and unamended media at 99% confidence level.were determined using Tukey's multiple comparison procedure (Tukey, J. W. (1993) The Collected Works of John W. Tukey, Volume VIII: Multiple Comparisons, 1948 1983. (H.I. Braun, ed.) Chapman and Hall, New York).
  • Fresh mass of Santolina (Fig. 6) indicated that shoots and roots from amended media were significantly greater than those from unamended media.
  • the graph shows that plants from amended substrates produced greater fresh mass of haulms and roots at 460g (haulms) and 356g (roots), than plants grown in unamended media where fresh masses of 355 g (haulms) and 352 g (roost ) were recorded.
  • Significant differences between plant material harvested from amended and unamended media are summarised in Table 4 below.
  • Grapevines and figs tend to exhibit phreatophytic responses, so much so that it is often desirable to cut the tap root in order that the lateral group is produced that will exploit nutrient supplies from richer soils near the surface to improve fruiting.
  • Traditional tomato curing, "ring culture” exploits the plants natural tendency to produce lateral common nutrient seeking roots and simultaneously supplying a reservoir of water for tap root development.
  • Plants from amended media usually had hardened sapropel encasing lateral roots, suggesting that sapropel was prone to eventual drying out, even when submerged in the desert sand. Yet the time taken to reach this stage was consistent with that measured in the early drying trial and this suggested that the slow release of water facilitated the production of the lateral root so that the plants were well established by the time a tap root began to develop.
  • the growth media or medium is formed by mixing soil, sand or earth, local or otherwise, with sapropel in a ratio of between 15:1 and 1:1 by volume, preferably between 15:1 and 3:1 by volume.
  • the growth medium is formed by mixing soil, sand or earth, local or otherwise, with sapropel in a ratio of 5:1 by volume, preferably 3:1 by volume. It is to be understood that the soil, sand or earth that is mixed with the sapropel need not be obtained from the surrounding area, but can be brought in from other areas.
  • mycorrhizal inoculants to aid the stimulation of plant growth is also added to the growth medium.
  • a preferred inoculant includes vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae.
  • a process for establishing a layer of vegetation over an area of land comprising the steps of: providing a layer of sapropel over the area of land; substantially covering the layer of sapropel with a layer of top soil; and planting seed in the layer of topsoil.
  • sapropel has water retentive or retaining characteristics
  • sapropel would reduce the irrigation requirements for the resulting vegetation, for example, grass, to become established and thrive.
  • the vegetation is grass.
  • the layer of sapropel is about 5-15 cm in depth.
  • the layer of sapropel is placed on top of a permeable liner, preferably, a geotextile permeable liner.
  • a permeable liner preferably, a geotextile permeable liner.
  • the permeable membrane will prevent the sapropel from decomposing into the subsoil while allowing for permeability of air and water and avoid any risk of the vegetation e.g. grass from becoming susceptible to rot or other disease.
  • the area of land is part of a golf course or a race course or an area of land utilised for sport and leisure activities, e.g., football, hockey and rugby pitches.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé d'inversion ou d'arrêt d'un processus de désertification, ce procédé comprenant l'étape consistant à planter au moins une plante pour former un brise-vent. Ce procédé se caractérise en ce que la ou les plante(s) utilisées pour former le brise-vent sont plantées dans un milieu de croissance comprenant du sapropèle.
PCT/GB2005/000192 2004-01-26 2005-01-21 Procede de revegetalisation d'une zone de terrain WO2005070194A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP05701957A EP1713319A1 (fr) 2004-01-26 2005-01-21 Procede de revegetalisation d'une zone de terrain

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0401636.6 2004-01-26
GBGB0401636.6A GB0401636D0 (en) 2004-01-26 2004-01-26 A process for the re-vegetation of an area of land

Publications (1)

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WO2005070194A1 true WO2005070194A1 (fr) 2005-08-04

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EP (1) EP1713319A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB0401636D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2005070194A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1942720B1 (fr) * 2005-10-12 2010-12-29 Ferdinando Tessarolo Radiateur solaire
RU2616672C2 (ru) * 2015-06-24 2017-04-18 Федеральное Государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Татарский научно-исследовательский институт агрохимии и почвоведения" Способ повышения структурированности почвы
RU2616936C1 (ru) * 2016-04-18 2017-04-18 Елена Борисовна Дульнева Состав мульчирующего покрытия
RU2617740C1 (ru) * 2016-04-22 2017-04-26 Светлана Владимировна Курмаева Состав мульчирующего покрытия

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104041377B (zh) * 2014-07-04 2015-11-11 南京三生万物环保科技有限公司 一种适用于荒漠地区的间作套种的方法
CN108865172B (zh) * 2018-05-31 2023-06-16 王凯 一种治沙植生膜及覆膜治沙方法

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1942720B1 (fr) * 2005-10-12 2010-12-29 Ferdinando Tessarolo Radiateur solaire
RU2616672C2 (ru) * 2015-06-24 2017-04-18 Федеральное Государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Татарский научно-исследовательский институт агрохимии и почвоведения" Способ повышения структурированности почвы
RU2616936C1 (ru) * 2016-04-18 2017-04-18 Елена Борисовна Дульнева Состав мульчирующего покрытия
RU2617740C1 (ru) * 2016-04-22 2017-04-26 Светлана Владимировна Курмаева Состав мульчирующего покрытия

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EP1713319A1 (fr) 2006-10-25

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