WO2005067979A1 - Ahybrid of itraconazole with a layered silicate - Google Patents

Ahybrid of itraconazole with a layered silicate Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005067979A1
WO2005067979A1 PCT/KR2005/000181 KR2005000181W WO2005067979A1 WO 2005067979 A1 WO2005067979 A1 WO 2005067979A1 KR 2005000181 W KR2005000181 W KR 2005000181W WO 2005067979 A1 WO2005067979 A1 WO 2005067979A1
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itraconazole
hybrid
layered silicate
silicate
amount
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PCT/KR2005/000181
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French (fr)
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Hyun Jung
Taeun Park
Jin-Ho Choy
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Nanohybrid Co., Ltd.
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Publication of WO2005067979A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005067979A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/52—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an inorganic compound, e.g. an inorganic ion that is complexed with the active ingredient

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a hybrid of an itraconazole with a silicate obtained through an interface reaction between an aqueous dispersion of a layered silicate and a solution containing an itraconazole dissolved in a water-insoluble organic solvent, wherein the amount of the layered silicate in the hybrid is 0.01% to 10% by weight.
  • An itraconazole is a well-known medicament with fungicidic properties, and is a tricyclic azole compound having the structure shown in formula I below (US Patent No. 3,717,655). Its chemical formula is C 3 5H 38 Ci 2 N8 ⁇ 4 , and its chemical nomenclature is ( ⁇ )-cis-4-[4-[4-[4-[[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1 H-1 ,2,4-triazole-l -ylmethyl)-1 ,3-dioxolan-4- yl]methoxy]phenyl]-1 -piperazinyl]phenyl]-2,4-dihydro-2-(1 -methylpropyl)-3H-1 ,2,4-triazol e-3-one.
  • An itraconazole is a medicament that has great fungicidic effects due to a long staying time in the body and high permeability to protein and lipids.
  • itraconazole has pH-dependent solubility since it does not dissolve well in an aqueous solution with high solubility in acidic conditions. Accordingly, it is difficult to prepare an itraconazole formulation due to its insolubility in an aqueous solution thus decreasing its bioavailability, which overshadows its excellent pharmacological effect.
  • a hybrid of an itraconazole with a silicate obtained from an interface reaction between an aqueous dispersion of a layered silicate and a solution of an itraconazole dissolved in a water-insoluble organic solvent was prepared, and the patent applications for the same were filed (Korean patent application No. 2002-42868 filed on July 22, 2002, and Korean patent application No. 2003-57890 filed on July 22, 2003).
  • the excess amount of the layered silicate used is equal to or more than the amount of itraconazole used.
  • the layered silicate is used in a smaller amount than itraconazole, for example, about 30 wt.%, at least 10 wt.% of itraconazole is used.
  • the amount of an inorganic carrier must be minimized to making it easy to handle the hybrid in the production site.
  • the solubility or stability of the preparation will be decreased when reducing the amount of the inorganic carrier.
  • FIG. 1 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of an itraconazole hybrid (example 1), an itraconazole hybrid coated with the Eudragit E100 (example 2), an itraconazole dry powder (comparative example 1 ) and an itraconazole powder coated with the Eudragit E100 (comparative example 2);
  • FIG. 2 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of an itraconazole hybrid prepared at pHs of 1 and 3;
  • FIG. 1 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of an itraconazole hybrid prepared at pHs of 1 and 3;
  • FIG. 3 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of an itraconazole hybrid in which the weight ratio of Eudragit E100 to itraconazole was 0.6 and 0.7;
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing the solubility of hybrids according to embodiments of the present invention and Sporanox ® with respect to time;
  • FIG. 5 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of samples of itraconazole, itraconazole dry powder (comparative example 1 ) and an itraconazole hybrid (example 1) after being stored at 40 ° C under 70% relative humidity for 4 weeks; and FIG.
  • Example 6 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of samples of an itraconazole powder coated with Eudragit E100 (comparative example 2), and a hybrid in which the weight ratios of Eudragit E100 to itraconazole (examples 2 and 5) are 0.5, 0.6 and 0.7 after being stored at 40 ° C under 70% relative humidity for 4 weeks.
  • the present inventors continued research to solve the problem described above, and thus found that the hybrid obtained by an interface reaction between an extremely small amount of a layered silicate and an itraconazole exhibited excellent solubility and stability, and accordingly completed the present invention. This is very surprising one since the result is different from that expected. Accordingly, the present invention provides a hybrid of an itraconazole with a silicate obtained through an interface reaction using a minimum amount of an inorganic carrier such as a layered silicate.
  • hybrid of an itraconazole with a silicate obtained through an interface reaction between an aqueous dispersion of a layered silicate and a solution containing an itraconazole dissolved in a water-insoluble organic solvent, wherein the amount of the layered silicate in the hybrid is 0.01 % to 10% by weight.
  • hybrid herein refers to a structure in which an itraconazole is bound to an inter-layer or a surface of a layered silicate. The bond includes all forms of bonds including adsorption, ionic substitution, a hydrogen bond, an ionic bond, a covalent bond, and etc.
  • the structure may be mediated by a hydrogen bond, an ionic bond or a physical bond.
  • a hybrid of an itraconazole with a silicate refers to a structure in which an itraconazole is bound to an inter-layer or a surface of a layered silicate.
  • hybrid also includes a structure on which another material, for example, a water-soluble polymer, etc.
  • the layered silicate used in the hybrid according to the present invention may be selected from the group consisting of a montmorillonite, a beidellite, a nontronite, a hectorite, a saponite, an illite, a celadonite, a gluconite, a clay and a bentonite.
  • These layered silicates have layered structures and contain alkali metal or alkali earth metal ions between layers. These ions may be substituted with a cationic organic material (e.g., medicament), and thus can be employed in stabilizing organic materials and as intercalates between layers.
  • the skeleton of a silicate consists of a SiO tetrahedron in pyramidal form.
  • silicate having a layered structure two sheets of SiO tetrahedron are aligned together by facing the vertices of the tetrahedra, and the vertices of the tetrahedron are connected by aluminum or another metal cation forming a layer in a sandwich form (e.g., Si-AI-Si). Further, each layer is aligned parallel to adjacent layers to form the layered structure.
  • a layered structure has charge exchange capacity because the Si of SiO constituting the skeleton of each layer is substituted with Al to obtain only negative charges.
  • an alkali metal or alkali earth metal cation such as Na + , Ca 2+ , etc. is incorporated between the layers.
  • a representative layered silicate that can be used to prepare the hybrid according to the present invention includes a montmorillonite, a beidellite, a hectorite, a saponite, an illite, etc., which are respectively represented by formulae II to VI below. Since the formulae below are those in which the composition of the practically used layered silicate is simplified, however, the composition of the layered silicate is not limited by these, and the composition of the practically used layered silicate may vary.
  • a montmorillonite is represented with a complete SiO tetrahedron to form a layered structure
  • the montmorillonite in nature may be one in which some of the Si is substituted with Al, and part of the Al connecting the SiO tetrahedron is substituted with another trivalent atom (e.g., Fe +3 ).
  • exact chemical formula may in fact be an (Al 2 -x -y FeyMg x )(Si -zAlz)Oio[OH] 2 M +n (x+ Z )/n.
  • M is an interlayer metal ion which may be more easily substituted with another cation or cationic organic material than those in the interlayers such as Si, Al, Mg, and etc;
  • x is a constitution ratio of the interlayer metal ion, and is 0.2 to 0.7; and
  • n is the valence number of M.
  • the interlayer cation can be easily substituted.
  • the hybrid of an itraconazole with a silicate according to the present invention is obtained by an interface reaction between an aqueous dispersion of a layered silicate and a water-insoluble organic solution in which the itraconazole is dissolved.
  • the amount of the layered silicate in the hybrid is 0.01 % to 10% by weight, and may be 1 % to 5% by weight.
  • the pH of the aqueous dispersion of a layered silicate may be 1 to 6, and may be 1 to 4. That is, the itraconazole may be substituted with a cation of a layered silicate in acidic conditions.
  • the amount of the layered silicate in the aqueous dispersion of a layered silicate may be 0.5% to 10% by weight, and may be 1 % to 3% by weight.
  • the water-insoluble solvent includes a conventional water-insoluble organic solvent that can dissolve an itraconazole. Specific examples of the water-insoluble solvent include methylene chloride, chloroform and octanol, and the best water-insoluble solvent may be a methylene chloride among these.
  • the solubility of the itraconazole in an organic solvent may be at least about 10 times that in an aqueous solvent, possibly 100 times, and even at least 1000 times.
  • the amount of the itraconazole in an organic solvent can be within the range of solubility of the itraconazole in the organic solvent to be used.
  • the reaction volume ratio of the aqueous dispersion to the organic solution is determined based on the amount of the layered silicate dispersed in the aqueous solvent, and the amount of the organic solvent and/or organic solution to be used, which is determined by the amount of the itraconazole desired in the hybrid to be finally obtained.
  • the amount of the itraconazole in the organic solution may be about 1 % to 30% by weight, and may also be about 3% to 10% by weight.
  • the reaction volume ratio of the aqueous dispersion to the organic solution may be about 1 :10 to 10:1 , more preferably about 1 :2 to 5:1 , and most preferably be about 1 :1 to 2:1.
  • a hybrid can be prepared by adding the itraconazole solution to the aqueous dispersion while stirring the aqueous dispersion to disperse the itraconazole solution, and by stirring the resulting solution for about 2 to 10 hours, and preferably about 4 to 7 hours. The reaction progresses via an interface reaction between an aqueous solvent and an organic solvent, and thus the resulting hybrid is one in which the itraconazole is bound to both the interlayer and the surface of a silicate.
  • interface reaction refers to a reaction in which an interface is formed between an aqueous phase containing a layered silicate and an organic phase containing a drug (e.g., itraconazole), and hybridization is achieved by a reaction between the drug in the organic phase and the layered silicate in the aqueous phase through the interface.
  • a drug e.g., itraconazole
  • the hybridizing reaction may be completed through such an interface reaction, and thus the amount of the drug in the hybrid can be high and the yield of the hybrid can also be increased.
  • the hybrid of the itraconazole with the silicate obtained as described above has high stability and solubility by effectively maintaining the itraconazole in an amorphous state.
  • the hybrid according to an embodiment of the present invention may be designed such that its wettability can be increased.
  • the wettability of the hybrid according to the embodiment of the present invention can be increased by coating the hybrid with a pharmaceutically acceptable water-soluble polymer.
  • the water-soluble polymer may be an aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer, for example, Eudragit E 100 available from Degussa (poly[butyl methacrylate; (2-dimethyl aminoethyl)methacrylate; methyl methacrylate] 1 :2:1 ) or a polyvinylacetal diethylaminoacetate (AEA), etc.
  • the water-soluble polymer coating is achieved by dispersing a hybrid in a solution in which a water-soluble polymer is dissolved in a proper solvent, for example, methylene chloride, water, etc., and drying the dispersion.
  • the amount of aqueous polymer added can be such that the aqueous polymer can impart sufficient wettability to the hybrid, for example, at least 0.5% by weight based on the weight of a drug.
  • Any general drying method can be used for drying, such as a spray-drying method.
  • the hybrid according to an embodiment of the present invention prepared as described above can be formulated into a conventional preparation, for example, a dry powder, granules, a capsule, a dried syrup or a suspension, etc.
  • the hybrid according to an embodiment of the present invention uses a minimal amount of an inorganic carrier such as a layered silicate in, and thus it is easy to handle the hybrid in a production site, and the size of a preparation obtained from the hybrid can be reduced effectively.
  • the hybrid according to an embodiment of the present invention can provide high stability and solubility by maintaining an itraconazole in amorphous form (i.e., the form of amorphous structure) in the carrier,- although the hybrid uses a minimum amount of an inorganic carrier.
  • the hybrid according to the present invention uses a minimal amount of an inorganic carrier such as a silicate, and thus it is easy to handle the hybrid in a production site.
  • an inorganic carrier such as a silicate
  • the size of a preparation obtained from the hybrid can be reduced effectively.
  • the hybrid according to the present invention can provide high stability and solubility by maintaining the itraconazole in a noncrystalline form in the carrier, although the hybrid uses a minimal amount of an inorganic carrier.
  • EMBODIMENTS EXAMPLE 1 1.75g of magnesium aluminium silicate were added to 250m of distilled water, the solution was stirred for 3 hours, and the pH of the solution was controlled to 2 with HCI. The result was mixed with a solution obtained by adding 173.25g of an itraconazole to 1250m£ of methylene chloride, the mixture was continuously stirred for 2 hours, and then the mixture was spray dried to obtain an itraconazole hybrid in powder form. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis on the resulting itraconazole hybrid are shown in FIG. 1. From analysing the components using an HPLC analysis method, the amount of the itraconazole in the hybrid was determined to be 99% by weight.
  • EXAMPLE 2 1.75g of magnesium aluminium silicate were added to 250m£ of distilled water, the solution was stirred for 3 hours, and the pH of the solution was controlled to 2 with HCI. The result was mixed with a solution obtained by adding 173.25g of an itraconazole to 250m of methylene chloride, the mixture was continuously stirred for 2 hours, and then a solution prepared by dissolving 87.50g of the Eudragit E 100 (manufactured by Degussa Company) in 350m of a methylene chloride was added. The mixture was spray dried to obtain an itraconazole hybrid coated with the Eudragit E 100 in powder form.
  • FIG. 1 The results of X-ray diffraction analysis on the resulting itraconazole hybrid coated with the Eudragit E 100 are shown in FIG. 1. From analysing the components using an HPLC analysis method, the amount of the itraconazole in the hybrid was determined to be 66% by weight.
  • COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1 The pH of 250m£ of distilled water was controlled to 2 with HCI. A solution obtained by adding 173.25g of an itraconazole to 1250m£ of methylene chloride was mixed with the aqueous solution with a pH of 2, the mixture was continuously stirred for 2 hours, and then the reaction mixture was spray dried to obtain an itraconazole in dry powder form.
  • FIG. 1 The results of X-ray diffraction analysis on the resulting itraconazole dry powder are shown in FIG. 1.
  • COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2 The pH of 250ml of distilled water was controlled to 2 with HCI. A solution obtained by adding 173.25g of an itraconazole to 1250md of a methylene chloride was mixed with the aqueous solution with a pH of 2, the mixture was continuously stirred for 2 hours, and then a solution prepared by dissolving 87.50g of the Eudragit E 100 (manufactured by Degussa Company) in 350m£ of a methylene chloride was added. The reaction mixture was spray dried to obtain an itraconazole powder coated with the Eudragit E 100.
  • EXAMPLE 6 An itraconazole hybrid was prepared in the same manner as in example 2 except that polyvinylacetal diethylaminoacetate (AEA) was used instead of the Eudragit E 100. From analysing the components using an HPLC analysis method, the amounts of the itraconazole in the hybrid were respectively determined to be 64% by weight (AEA: 0.6), and 58% by weight (AEA: 0.7).
  • AEA polyvinylacetal diethylaminoacetate

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Abstract

A hybrid of an itraconazole with a silicate obtained through an interface reaction between an aqueous dispersion of a Iayered silicate and a solution containing an itraconazole dissolved in a water-insoluble organic solvent, wherein the amount of the layered silicate in the hybrid is 0.01 % to 10% by weight, is provided.

Description

A HYBRID OF ITRACONAZOLE WITH A LAYERED SILICATE
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a hybrid of an itraconazole with a silicate obtained through an interface reaction between an aqueous dispersion of a layered silicate and a solution containing an itraconazole dissolved in a water-insoluble organic solvent, wherein the amount of the layered silicate in the hybrid is 0.01% to 10% by weight.
BACKGROUND ART An itraconazole is a well-known medicament with fungicidic properties, and is a tricyclic azole compound having the structure shown in formula I below (US Patent No. 3,717,655). Its chemical formula is C35H38Ci2N8θ4, and its chemical nomenclature is (±)-cis-4-[4-[4-[4-[[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1 H-1 ,2,4-triazole-l -ylmethyl)-1 ,3-dioxolan-4- yl]methoxy]phenyl]-1 -piperazinyl]phenyl]-2,4-dihydro-2-(1 -methylpropyl)-3H-1 ,2,4-triazol e-3-one.
Figure imgf000002_0001
An itraconazole is a medicament that has great fungicidic effects due to a long staying time in the body and high permeability to protein and lipids. However, itraconazole has pH-dependent solubility since it does not dissolve well in an aqueous solution with high solubility in acidic conditions. Accordingly, it is difficult to prepare an itraconazole formulation due to its insolubility in an aqueous solution thus decreasing its bioavailability, which overshadows its excellent pharmacological effect. In order to solve the problem described above, at the present invention a hybrid of an itraconazole with a silicate obtained from an interface reaction between an aqueous dispersion of a layered silicate and a solution of an itraconazole dissolved in a water-insoluble organic solvent was prepared, and the patent applications for the same were filed (Korean patent application No. 2002-42868 filed on July 22, 2002, and Korean patent application No. 2003-57890 filed on July 22, 2003). To obtain the hybrid of an itraconazole with a silicate previously developed by the present inventors, the excess amount of the layered silicate used is equal to or more than the amount of itraconazole used. Further, even when the layered silicate is used in a smaller amount than itraconazole, for example, about 30 wt.%, at least 10 wt.% of itraconazole is used. When formulating with the hybrid, in order to provide patient's convenience to easily take the medicine by reducing the size of a preparation, the amount of an inorganic carrier must be minimized to making it easy to handle the hybrid in the production site. However, those skilled in the art will expect that the solubility or stability of the preparation will be decreased when reducing the amount of the inorganic carrier.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The above and other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings in which: FIG. 1 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of an itraconazole hybrid (example 1), an itraconazole hybrid coated with the Eudragit E100 (example 2), an itraconazole dry powder (comparative example 1 ) and an itraconazole powder coated with the Eudragit E100 (comparative example 2); FIG. 2 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of an itraconazole hybrid prepared at pHs of 1 and 3; FIG. 3 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of an itraconazole hybrid in which the weight ratio of Eudragit E100 to itraconazole was 0.6 and 0.7; FIG. 4 is a graph showing the solubility of hybrids according to embodiments of the present invention and Sporanox® with respect to time; FIG. 5 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of samples of itraconazole, itraconazole dry powder (comparative example 1 ) and an itraconazole hybrid (example 1) after being stored at 40 °C under 70% relative humidity for 4 weeks; and FIG. 6 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of samples of an itraconazole powder coated with Eudragit E100 (comparative example 2), and a hybrid in which the weight ratios of Eudragit E100 to itraconazole (examples 2 and 5) are 0.5, 0.6 and 0.7 after being stored at 40 °C under 70% relative humidity for 4 weeks.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Technical Goal of the Invention The present inventors continued research to solve the problem described above, and thus found that the hybrid obtained by an interface reaction between an extremely small amount of a layered silicate and an itraconazole exhibited excellent solubility and stability, and accordingly completed the present invention. This is very surprising one since the result is different from that expected. Accordingly, the present invention provides a hybrid of an itraconazole with a silicate obtained through an interface reaction using a minimum amount of an inorganic carrier such as a layered silicate.
Disclosure of the Invention According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a hybrid of an itraconazole with a silicate obtained through an interface reaction between an aqueous dispersion of a layered silicate and a solution containing an itraconazole dissolved in a water-insoluble organic solvent, wherein the amount of the layered silicate in the hybrid is 0.01 % to 10% by weight. The term "hybrid" herein refers to a structure in which an itraconazole is bound to an inter-layer or a surface of a layered silicate. The bond includes all forms of bonds including adsorption, ionic substitution, a hydrogen bond, an ionic bond, a covalent bond, and etc. The structure may be mediated by a hydrogen bond, an ionic bond or a physical bond. Accordingly, the expression "a hybrid of an itraconazole with a silicate" refers to a structure in which an itraconazole is bound to an inter-layer or a surface of a layered silicate. Further, the term "hybrid" also includes a structure on which another material, for example, a water-soluble polymer, etc. is coated The layered silicate used in the hybrid according to the present invention may be selected from the group consisting of a montmorillonite, a beidellite, a nontronite, a hectorite, a saponite, an illite, a celadonite, a gluconite, a clay and a bentonite. These layered silicates have layered structures and contain alkali metal or alkali earth metal ions between layers. These ions may be substituted with a cationic organic material (e.g., medicament), and thus can be employed in stabilizing organic materials and as intercalates between layers. The skeleton of a silicate consists of a SiO tetrahedron in pyramidal form. In the silicate having a layered structure, two sheets of SiO tetrahedron are aligned together by facing the vertices of the tetrahedra, and the vertices of the tetrahedron are connected by aluminum or another metal cation forming a layer in a sandwich form (e.g., Si-AI-Si). Further, each layer is aligned parallel to adjacent layers to form the layered structure. Such a layered structure has charge exchange capacity because the Si of SiO constituting the skeleton of each layer is substituted with Al to obtain only negative charges. To compensate for such negative charges, an alkali metal or alkali earth metal cation such as Na+, Ca2+, etc. is incorporated between the layers. A representative layered silicate that can be used to prepare the hybrid according to the present invention includes a montmorillonite, a beidellite, a hectorite, a saponite, an illite, etc., which are respectively represented by formulae II to VI below. Since the formulae below are those in which the composition of the practically used layered silicate is simplified, however, the composition of the layered silicate is not limited by these, and the composition of the practically used layered silicate may vary. For example, although a montmorillonite is represented with a complete SiO tetrahedron to form a layered structure, the montmorillonite in nature may be one in which some of the Si is substituted with Al, and part of the Al connecting the SiO tetrahedron is substituted with another trivalent atom (e.g., Fe+3). Thus exact chemical formula may in fact be an (Al2-x-yFeyMgx)(Si -zAlz)Oio[OH]2M+n(x+Z)/n. (AI2-χMgχ)(Si4)Oιo[OH]2M+n x/n (montmorillonite)...(II)
Figure imgf000005_0001
(beidellite)...(Ill) (Mg3-xLiχ)(Si4)O1o[OH]2M+nχ/n (hectorite)...(IV) (Mg3-χFe+3 x)(Si4-2χAI2x)Oιo[OH]2M+n x/n (saponite)...(V) (Al2-χ-yFeyMgx)(Si4.zAlz)O1o[OH]2M+n {χ+z)/n (illite)...(VI) In the formulae above, M is an interlayer metal ion which may be more easily substituted with another cation or cationic organic material than those in the interlayers such as Si, Al, Mg, and etc; x is a constitution ratio of the interlayer metal ion, and is 0.2 to 0.7; and n is the valence number of M. In the formulae, when x is about 0.2 to 0.7, the interlayer cation can be easily substituted. The hybrid of an itraconazole with a silicate according to the present invention is obtained by an interface reaction between an aqueous dispersion of a layered silicate and a water-insoluble organic solution in which the itraconazole is dissolved. In a hybrid according to the present invention, the amount of the layered silicate in the hybrid is 0.01 % to 10% by weight, and may be 1 % to 5% by weight. The pH of the aqueous dispersion of a layered silicate may be 1 to 6, and may be 1 to 4. That is, the itraconazole may be substituted with a cation of a layered silicate in acidic conditions. Further, the amount of the layered silicate in the aqueous dispersion of a layered silicate may be 0.5% to 10% by weight, and may be 1 % to 3% by weight. The water-insoluble solvent includes a conventional water-insoluble organic solvent that can dissolve an itraconazole. Specific examples of the water-insoluble solvent include methylene chloride, chloroform and octanol, and the best water-insoluble solvent may be a methylene chloride among these. The solubility of the itraconazole in an organic solvent may be at least about 10 times that in an aqueous solvent, possibly 100 times, and even at least 1000 times. The amount of the itraconazole in an organic solvent can be within the range of solubility of the itraconazole in the organic solvent to be used. In the interface reaction, the reaction volume ratio of the aqueous dispersion to the organic solution is determined based on the amount of the layered silicate dispersed in the aqueous solvent, and the amount of the organic solvent and/or organic solution to be used, which is determined by the amount of the itraconazole desired in the hybrid to be finally obtained. In an embodiment of the present invention, the amount of the itraconazole in the organic solution may be about 1 % to 30% by weight, and may also be about 3% to 10% by weight. The reaction volume ratio of the aqueous dispersion to the organic solution may be about 1 :10 to 10:1 , more preferably about 1 :2 to 5:1 , and most preferably be about 1 :1 to 2:1. A hybrid can be prepared by adding the itraconazole solution to the aqueous dispersion while stirring the aqueous dispersion to disperse the itraconazole solution, and by stirring the resulting solution for about 2 to 10 hours, and preferably about 4 to 7 hours. The reaction progresses via an interface reaction between an aqueous solvent and an organic solvent, and thus the resulting hybrid is one in which the itraconazole is bound to both the interlayer and the surface of a silicate. Throughout the specification, the term "interface reaction" refers to a reaction in which an interface is formed between an aqueous phase containing a layered silicate and an organic phase containing a drug (e.g., itraconazole), and hybridization is achieved by a reaction between the drug in the organic phase and the layered silicate in the aqueous phase through the interface. When the hybridizing reaction progresses via the interface reaction as described above, the drug is continuously provided from the organic phase to the aqueous phase until the hybridizing reaction of the layered silicate is complete, even though an extremely small amount of the drug in the aqueous phase is dissolved. The hybridizing reaction may be completed through such an interface reaction, and thus the amount of the drug in the hybrid can be high and the yield of the hybrid can also be increased. The hybrid of the itraconazole with the silicate obtained as described above has high stability and solubility by effectively maintaining the itraconazole in an amorphous state. The hybrid according to an embodiment of the present invention may be designed such that its wettability can be increased. For example, the wettability of the hybrid according to the embodiment of the present invention can be increased by coating the hybrid with a pharmaceutically acceptable water-soluble polymer. The water-soluble polymer may be an aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer, for example, Eudragit E 100 available from Degussa (poly[butyl methacrylate; (2-dimethyl aminoethyl)methacrylate; methyl methacrylate] 1 :2:1 ) or a polyvinylacetal diethylaminoacetate (AEA), etc. The water-soluble polymer coating is achieved by dispersing a hybrid in a solution in which a water-soluble polymer is dissolved in a proper solvent, for example, methylene chloride, water, etc., and drying the dispersion. The amount of aqueous polymer added can be such that the aqueous polymer can impart sufficient wettability to the hybrid, for example, at least 0.5% by weight based on the weight of a drug. Any general drying method can be used for drying, such as a spray-drying method. The hybrid according to an embodiment of the present invention prepared as described above can be formulated into a conventional preparation, for example, a dry powder, granules, a capsule, a dried syrup or a suspension, etc. The hybrid according to an embodiment of the present invention uses a minimal amount of an inorganic carrier such as a layered silicate in, and thus it is easy to handle the hybrid in a production site, and the size of a preparation obtained from the hybrid can be reduced effectively. Further, the hybrid according to an embodiment of the present invention can provide high stability and solubility by maintaining an itraconazole in amorphous form (i.e., the form of amorphous structure) in the carrier,- although the hybrid uses a minimum amount of an inorganic carrier.
Effect of the Invention The hybrid according to the present invention uses a minimal amount of an inorganic carrier such as a silicate, and thus it is easy to handle the hybrid in a production site. In addition, the size of a preparation obtained from the hybrid can be reduced effectively. Further, the hybrid according to the present invention can provide high stability and solubility by maintaining the itraconazole in a noncrystalline form in the carrier, although the hybrid uses a minimal amount of an inorganic carrier.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The present invention will be described in greater detail with reference to the following examples. The following examples are for illustrative purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
EMBODIMENTS EXAMPLE 1 1.75g of magnesium aluminium silicate were added to 250m of distilled water, the solution was stirred for 3 hours, and the pH of the solution was controlled to 2 with HCI. The result was mixed with a solution obtained by adding 173.25g of an itraconazole to 1250m£ of methylene chloride, the mixture was continuously stirred for 2 hours, and then the mixture was spray dried to obtain an itraconazole hybrid in powder form. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis on the resulting itraconazole hybrid are shown in FIG. 1. From analysing the components using an HPLC analysis method, the amount of the itraconazole in the hybrid was determined to be 99% by weight. EXAMPLE 2 1.75g of magnesium aluminium silicate were added to 250m£ of distilled water, the solution was stirred for 3 hours, and the pH of the solution was controlled to 2 with HCI. The result was mixed with a solution obtained by adding 173.25g of an itraconazole to 250m of methylene chloride, the mixture was continuously stirred for 2 hours, and then a solution prepared by dissolving 87.50g of the Eudragit E 100 (manufactured by Degussa Company) in 350m of a methylene chloride was added. The mixture was spray dried to obtain an itraconazole hybrid coated with the Eudragit E 100 in powder form. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis on the resulting itraconazole hybrid coated with the Eudragit E 100 are shown in FIG. 1. From analysing the components using an HPLC analysis method, the amount of the itraconazole in the hybrid was determined to be 66% by weight. COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1 The pH of 250m£ of distilled water was controlled to 2 with HCI. A solution obtained by adding 173.25g of an itraconazole to 1250m£ of methylene chloride was mixed with the aqueous solution with a pH of 2, the mixture was continuously stirred for 2 hours, and then the reaction mixture was spray dried to obtain an itraconazole in dry powder form. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis on the resulting itraconazole dry powder are shown in FIG. 1. COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2 The pH of 250ml of distilled water was controlled to 2 with HCI. A solution obtained by adding 173.25g of an itraconazole to 1250md of a methylene chloride was mixed with the aqueous solution with a pH of 2, the mixture was continuously stirred for 2 hours, and then a solution prepared by dissolving 87.50g of the Eudragit E 100 (manufactured by Degussa Company) in 350m£ of a methylene chloride was added. The reaction mixture was spray dried to obtain an itraconazole powder coated with the Eudragit E 100. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis on the resulting spray dried itraconazole powder coated with the Eudragit E 100 are shown in FIG. 1. From analysing the components using an HPLC analysis method, the amount of the itraconazole in the powder was determined to be 67% by weight. EXAMPLE 3 An itraconazole hybrid was prepared in the same manner as in example 2 except that montmorillonite was used instead of magnesium aluminium silicate, and from analysing the components using an HPLC analysing method, the amount of the itraconazole in the hybrid was determined to be 65% by weight. EXAMPLE 4 An itraconazole hybrid was prepared in the same manner as in example 2 except that the pH of the solution was controlled to 1 and 3. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis on the resulting itraconazole hybrid are shown in FIG. 2, and from analysing the components using an HPLC analysing method, the amounts of the itraconazole in the hybrid were respectively determined to be 65% by weight (pH 1 ), and 66% by weight (pH 3). EXAMPLE 5 An itraconazole hybrid was prepared in the same manner as in example 2 except that the weight ratio of Eudragit E 100 to itraconazole was 0.6 and 0.7. The results of
X-ray diffraction analysis on the resulting itraconazole hybrid are shown in FIG. 3, and from analysing the components using an HPLC analysing method, the amounts of the itraconazole in the hybrid were respectively determined to be 63% by weight (Eudragit
E 100: 0.6), and 58% by weight (Eudragit E 100: 0.7). EXAMPLE 6 An itraconazole hybrid was prepared in the same manner as in example 2 except that polyvinylacetal diethylaminoacetate (AEA) was used instead of the Eudragit E 100. From analysing the components using an HPLC analysis method, the amounts of the itraconazole in the hybrid were respectively determined to be 64% by weight (AEA: 0.6), and 58% by weight (AEA: 0.7). EXAMPLE 7 The aqueous solubility of the hybrids prepared in examples 2 and 5 was measured and compared to that of Sporanox® (available from Jansen), i.e., a known preparation containing an itraconazole as a comparative example. That is, a sample taken in the amount corresponding to 100mg of an itraconazole was dispersed in 150mi of an aqueous solvent (pH=1 ), then the itraconazole eluted from each sample and dissolved in a solution was quantitated, and then the change in solubility with respect to time was measured and shown in FIG. 4. Referring to the solubilities of FIG. 4, all the hybrids according to an embodiment of the present invention were higher than or at least similar to the solubility of the Sporanox®. In particular, when the weight ratios of the Eudragit E100 to the itraconazole in the hybrid were 0.5, 0.6 and 0.7, the hybrid exhibited solubilities of 1 , 3 and 6 times that of the Sporanox® after 30 minutes respectively. EXAMPLE 8 A stability test was performed by storing the itraconazole hybrid prepared in example 1 and the itraconazole dry powder prepared in comparative example 1 at 40 °C under 70% relative humidity for 4 weeks. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis after the 4 weeks are shown in FIG. 5. Referring to FIG. 5, the itraconazole dry powder of comparative example 1 was changed to a crystalline form, whereas the itraconazole-silicate hybrid of example 1 maintained its amorphous form since the layered silicate effectively prevents recrystallization of the itraconazole. EXAMPLE 9 A stability test was performed by storing the itraconazole hybrids prepared in examples 2 and 5 and the itraconazole dry powder prepared in comparative example 2 at 40 °C under 70% humidity for 4 weeks. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis after the 4 weeks are shown in FIG. 6. Referring to FIG. 6, the itraconazole powder of comparative example 2 was changed to a crystalline form, whereas the itraconazole-silicate hybrid of examples 2 and 5 maintained their non-crystalline forms since the layered silicate effectively prevents recrystallization of the itraconazole. While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the following claims.

Claims

1. A hybrid of an itraconazole with a silicate obtained through an interface reaction between an aqueous dispersion of a layered silicate and a solution containing an itraconazole dissolved in a water-insoluble organic solvent, wherein the amount of the layered silicate in the hybrid is 0.01 % to 10% by weight.
2. The hybrid according to claim 1 , wherein the layered silicate is selected from the group consisting of a montmorillonite, a beidellite, a nontronite, a hectorite, a saponite, an illite, a celadonite, a gluconite, a clay and a bentonite.
3. The hybrid according to claim 1 , wherein the pH of the aqueous dispersion of the layered silicate is 1 to 6.
4. The hybrid according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of the layered silicate in the aqueous dispersion of the layered silicate is 0.5% to 10% by weight.
5. The hybrid according to any of claims 1 to 4, further comprising an aqueous polymer coated on the surface of the hybrid.
6. The hybrid according to claim 5, wherein the aqueous polymer is an aminoalkylmethacrylate copolymer or a polyvinylacetal diethylaminoacetate.
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