WO2005054633A1 - Variable nozzle for a gas turbine - Google Patents

Variable nozzle for a gas turbine Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2005054633A1
WO2005054633A1 PCT/EP2004/013657 EP2004013657W WO2005054633A1 WO 2005054633 A1 WO2005054633 A1 WO 2005054633A1 EP 2004013657 W EP2004013657 W EP 2004013657W WO 2005054633 A1 WO2005054633 A1 WO 2005054633A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
variable nozzle
line
curved line
gas turbine
shaft
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2004/013657
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Giuseppe Sassanelli
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nuovo Pignone Holding SpA
Nuovo Pignone SpA
Original Assignee
Nuovo Pignone Holding SpA
Nuovo Pignone SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nuovo Pignone Holding SpA, Nuovo Pignone SpA filed Critical Nuovo Pignone Holding SpA
Priority to CA2548535A priority Critical patent/CA2548535C/en
Priority to US10/596,191 priority patent/US7354242B2/en
Priority to EP04803418.5A priority patent/EP1721065B1/en
Priority to JP2006541885A priority patent/JP2007513283A/ja
Publication of WO2005054633A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005054633A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to NO20063096A priority patent/NO20063096L/no
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D17/00Regulating or controlling by varying flow
    • F01D17/10Final actuators
    • F01D17/12Final actuators arranged in stator parts
    • F01D17/14Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits
    • F01D17/16Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of nozzle vanes
    • F01D17/162Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of nozzle vanes for axial flow, i.e. the vanes turning around axes which are essentially perpendicular to the rotor centre line
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D17/00Regulating or controlling by varying flow
    • F01D17/10Final actuators
    • F01D17/12Final actuators arranged in stator parts
    • F01D17/14Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits
    • F01D17/16Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of nozzle vanes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D17/00Regulating or controlling by varying flow
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12Blades
    • F01D5/14Form or construction
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12Blades
    • F01D5/14Form or construction
    • F01D5/141Shape, i.e. outer, aerodynamic form
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2200/00Mathematical features
    • F05D2200/20Special functions
    • F05D2200/22Power
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2200/00Mathematical features
    • F05D2200/20Special functions
    • F05D2200/22Power
    • F05D2200/221Square power
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2200/00Mathematical features
    • F05D2200/20Special functions
    • F05D2200/22Power
    • F05D2200/222Cubic power
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2200/00Mathematical features
    • F05D2200/20Special functions
    • F05D2200/24Special functions exponential
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2200/00Mathematical features
    • F05D2200/20Special functions
    • F05D2200/25Hyperbolic trigonometric, e.g. sinh, cosh, tanh
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00Components
    • F05D2240/10Stators
    • F05D2240/12Fluid guiding means, e.g. vanes
    • F05D2240/128Nozzles
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00Components
    • F05D2240/20Rotors
    • F05D2240/30Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F05D2240/301Cross-sectional characteristics
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2250/00Geometry
    • F05D2250/10Two-dimensional
    • F05D2250/16Two-dimensional parabolic
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2250/00Geometry
    • F05D2250/10Two-dimensional
    • F05D2250/17Two-dimensional hyperbolic
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2250/00Geometry
    • F05D2250/70Shape
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2250/00Geometry
    • F05D2250/70Shape
    • F05D2250/71Shape curved
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2250/00Geometry
    • F05D2250/70Shape
    • F05D2250/71Shape curved
    • F05D2250/711Shape curved convex
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2250/00Geometry
    • F05D2250/70Shape
    • F05D2250/71Shape curved
    • F05D2250/712Shape curved concave
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00Function
    • F05D2260/70Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades
    • F05D2260/74Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades by turning around an axis perpendicular the rotor centre line

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a nozzle for a gas turbine, which can be particularly applied to the first stage of a power turbine.
  • the present invention relates to a twin-shaft gas turbine and in particular, to a variable nozzle for a low pressure turbine.
  • twin-shaft turbines the air pressurized by a compressor, is mixed with a combustible fluid and injected into a burner to generate hot combusted gases.
  • the latter flow through the nozzles of a high pressure turbine, which diverges them and accelerates them. Downstream of the high pressure turbine, the gases then pass through a low pressure turbine, which extracts the remaining energy to feed a user.
  • Gas turbines for mechanical operations can have a fixed or variable nozzle, placed in the first stage of the low pressure turbine.
  • a variable nozzle When using a variable nozzle, it is possible to ob- tain a high operability of the turbine, at the same time maintaining the polluting emissions and efficiency of the turbine as constant as possible.
  • a fixed nozzle on the other hand, is characterized by a higher aerodynamic efficiency accompanied however by a lower operability of the gas turbine.
  • For variable nozzles there are clearances necessary for allowing its rotation.
  • a variable nozzle has two surfaces touched by hot combusted gases, opposite each other, of which one is pressurized and the other depressurized.
  • variable nozzle has aerodynamic efficiency losses due to pressure drop losses of the flow of combusted gases through the clearances, accompanied by secondary losses arising from the latter, which are mainly due to the pressure differences between the pressurized surface and the depressurized surface.
  • An objective of the present invention is to provide a variable nozzle for a gas turbine, having improved performances which resemble those of a fixed nozzle, at the same time maintaining a high operability of the gas turbine with variations in its flow-rates.
  • Another objective of the present invention is to provide a reliable variable nozzle for a gas turbine.
  • figure 1 is a raised front view of a variable nozzle according to the present invention
  • figure 2 is a raised sectional front view of the nozzle of figure 1 according to a line II-II passing through an upper end of the variable nozzle
  • figure 3 is a raised sectional front view of the nozzle of figure 1, according to a line III-III passing through the intermediate part of the variable nozzle
  • figure 4 is a raised sectional front view of the nozzle of figure 1 according to a line IV-IV passing through the hub of the variable nozzle
  • figure 5 is a perspective view of the nozzle of figure 1
  • figure 6 is a view from below of the nozzle of fig- ure 1
  • figure 7 is a raised side view of the nozzle of figure 1
  • figure 8 is a view from above of
  • variable nozzle 10 for a gas turbine fixed to a shaft 11 and capable of being rotated around its axis by means of activat- ing means not shown in the figures.
  • the shaped variable nozzle 10 is suitable for minimizing pressure drops and consequently increasing the efficiency of the gas turbine.
  • Said variable nozzle 10 has a series of sections, preferably variable, substantially "C"-shaped, all facing the same direction, and preferably with the concavity facing upwards with respect to a base 90.
  • Each section of the series of sections represents a section of the variable nozzle 10 according to a surface having an axis parallel to the axis of the shaft 11.
  • Each section of the series of sections has a first rounded end 20 and a second rounded end 21.
  • the first end 20 of each section of the series of sections is situated along the axis of the shaft 11 ac- cording to an at least second degree curved line 60.
  • the series of sections is positioned along the axis of the shaft 11 and respectively defines two surfaces, an upper pressurized surface 12 and an opposite lower surface 14, which is depressurized, respectively, both touched by the hot combusted gases .
  • the pressure of the flow F of hot gas is exerted on the upper surface 12, whereas the opposite lower surface 14, is in depression.
  • the upper surface 12 is saddle-shaped and its saddle point corresponds to the intermediate section of the variable nozzle 10.
  • the upper surface 12, in a parallel direction to the axis of the shaft 11, is therefore convex, whereas in an orthogonal direction to said axis, it is concave, all the sections being substantially ⁇ C"-shaped.
  • the variable nozzle 10 has a first end portion 17, a second central portion 18, and a third hub portion 19.
  • the first portion 17 and the third portion respectively comprise an end section 30 and a hub section 50, which have minimum aerodynamic pressure drops which consequently improve the aerodynamic efficiency of the variable nozzle 10.
  • the pressure differences which are created between the upper pressurized surface 12 and the lower depressurized surface 14, always in respective cor- respondence with said end section 30 and said hub section 50, are minimum and consequently the secondary aerodynamic losses are also minimum.
  • the second central portion 18, comprises the intermediate section 40.
  • the variable nozzle 10 is shaped so as to increase the aerodynamic charge thereon.
  • Said curved line 60 lies on a surface 70 having an axis orthogonal to the axis of the shaft 11 and also tilted with respect to the base 90 by an angle 80 different from 0° and lower than 90°.
  • Said curved line 60 is an at least second degree line and comprises a parabolic line or a hyperbolic line or a combination of these.
  • said curved line 60 is preferably a parabolic line.
  • the variable nozzle 10 is therefore an arched nozzle, preferably parabolically arched.
  • said curved line 60 is preferably a hyperbolic line.
  • said curved line 60 is preferably a third degree line.
  • Said curved line 60 preferably has a maximum or minimum point. It can thus be seen that a variable nozzle for a gas turbine according to the present invention achieves the objectives specified above. Numerous modifications and variants can be applied to the variable nozzle for a gas turbine of the present invention, thus conceived, all included within the same inventive concept . Furthermore, in practice, the materials used as also the dimensions and components, can vary according to technical demands.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)
PCT/EP2004/013657 2003-12-05 2004-11-30 Variable nozzle for a gas turbine Ceased WO2005054633A1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA2548535A CA2548535C (en) 2003-12-05 2004-11-30 Variable nozzle for a gas turbine
US10/596,191 US7354242B2 (en) 2003-12-05 2004-11-30 Variable nozzle for a gas turbine
EP04803418.5A EP1721065B1 (en) 2003-12-05 2004-11-30 Variable nozzle for a gas turbine
JP2006541885A JP2007513283A (ja) 2003-12-05 2004-11-30 ガスタービン用可変式ノズル
NO20063096A NO20063096L (no) 2003-12-05 2006-07-04 Variabel dyse for en gassturbin

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITMI2003A002388 2003-12-05
IT002388A ITMI20032388A1 (it) 2003-12-05 2003-12-05 Ugello variabile per una turbina a gas.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2005054633A1 true WO2005054633A1 (en) 2005-06-16

Family

ID=34640366

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2004/013657 Ceased WO2005054633A1 (en) 2003-12-05 2004-11-30 Variable nozzle for a gas turbine

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US7354242B2 (enExample)
EP (1) EP1721065B1 (enExample)
JP (1) JP2007513283A (enExample)
KR (1) KR20060123331A (enExample)
CN (1) CN100557201C (enExample)
CA (1) CA2548535C (enExample)
IT (1) ITMI20032388A1 (enExample)
NO (1) NO20063096L (enExample)
WO (1) WO2005054633A1 (enExample)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1798375A2 (de) 2005-12-19 2007-06-20 Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co KG Schaufelprofil für verstellbare Statorschaufeln
EP1985802A3 (de) * 2007-04-27 2010-11-17 Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co KG Vorderkantenverlauf für Turbomaschinenkomponenten
US8894364B2 (en) 2011-01-13 2014-11-25 Alstom Technology Ltd. Aerofoil blade for an axial flow turbomachine

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101915130B (zh) * 2010-06-25 2013-04-03 北京理工大学 可变几何涡轮增压器喷嘴环三维叶片及其设计方法
US9879540B2 (en) 2013-03-12 2018-01-30 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Compressor stator with contoured endwall
CN103711528B (zh) * 2013-10-22 2015-04-08 萍乡市慧成精密机电有限公司 混流涡轮增压器可变喷嘴环

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4172361A (en) * 1976-09-24 1979-10-30 Kronogard Sven Olof Gas turbine stator structure
US4995786A (en) * 1989-09-28 1991-02-26 United Technologies Corporation Dual variable camber compressor stator vane
EP0441097A1 (en) * 1990-02-07 1991-08-14 United Technologies Corporation Airfoil for the compression section of a rotary machine
DE19950227A1 (de) * 1999-10-19 2000-11-16 Voith Hydro Gmbh & Co Kg Hydraulische Strömungsmaschine
US20020061249A1 (en) * 2000-09-18 2002-05-23 Snecma Moteurs Compressor stator having a constant clearance

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2055780A1 (enExample) * 1969-08-14 1971-04-30 Bennes Marrel

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4172361A (en) * 1976-09-24 1979-10-30 Kronogard Sven Olof Gas turbine stator structure
US4995786A (en) * 1989-09-28 1991-02-26 United Technologies Corporation Dual variable camber compressor stator vane
EP0441097A1 (en) * 1990-02-07 1991-08-14 United Technologies Corporation Airfoil for the compression section of a rotary machine
DE19950227A1 (de) * 1999-10-19 2000-11-16 Voith Hydro Gmbh & Co Kg Hydraulische Strömungsmaschine
US20020061249A1 (en) * 2000-09-18 2002-05-23 Snecma Moteurs Compressor stator having a constant clearance

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1798375A2 (de) 2005-12-19 2007-06-20 Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co KG Schaufelprofil für verstellbare Statorschaufeln
EP1798375A3 (de) * 2005-12-19 2008-10-29 Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co KG Schaufelprofil für verstellbare Statorschaufeln
EP1985802A3 (de) * 2007-04-27 2010-11-17 Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co KG Vorderkantenverlauf für Turbomaschinenkomponenten
US8047802B2 (en) 2007-04-27 2011-11-01 Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co Kg Course of leading edges for turbomachine components
US8894364B2 (en) 2011-01-13 2014-11-25 Alstom Technology Ltd. Aerofoil blade for an axial flow turbomachine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR20060123331A (ko) 2006-12-01
CA2548535A1 (en) 2005-06-16
EP1721065A1 (en) 2006-11-15
NO20063096L (no) 2006-09-04
CA2548535C (en) 2012-10-09
US20070086886A1 (en) 2007-04-19
CN1890455A (zh) 2007-01-03
CN100557201C (zh) 2009-11-04
EP1721065B1 (en) 2016-04-13
JP2007513283A (ja) 2007-05-24
ITMI20032388A1 (it) 2005-06-06
US7354242B2 (en) 2008-04-08

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