WO2005054337A1 - Process for making dapbi-containing aramid crumbs - Google Patents

Process for making dapbi-containing aramid crumbs Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005054337A1
WO2005054337A1 PCT/EP2004/012760 EP2004012760W WO2005054337A1 WO 2005054337 A1 WO2005054337 A1 WO 2005054337A1 EP 2004012760 W EP2004012760 W EP 2004012760W WO 2005054337 A1 WO2005054337 A1 WO 2005054337A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
crumb
mole
composition
mixture
benzimidazole
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Application number
PCT/EP2004/012760
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French (fr)
Inventor
Johannes Bos
Original Assignee
Teijin Twaron B.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Teijin Twaron B.V. filed Critical Teijin Twaron B.V.
Priority to KR1020067009826A priority Critical patent/KR101128675B1/en
Priority to JP2006540256A priority patent/JP4786546B2/en
Priority to US10/580,018 priority patent/US8497344B2/en
Priority to CN2004800338563A priority patent/CN1882635B/en
Priority to EP04797801A priority patent/EP1689805B1/en
Publication of WO2005054337A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005054337A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G69/02—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
    • C08G69/04—Preparatory processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G69/02—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
    • C08G69/26—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G69/02—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
    • C08G69/26—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
    • C08G69/32—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids from aromatic diamines and aromatic dicarboxylic acids with both amino and carboxylic groups aromatically bound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G69/46—Post-polymerisation treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G69/48—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
    • C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G73/18—Polybenzimidazoles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L77/06—Polyamides derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for obtaining a composition comprising an aromatic polyamide containing para-phenylene terephthalamide and 2-(p-phenylene)- benzimidazole terephthalamide units by copolymerizing para-phenylenediamine (PPD), 5(6)-amino-2-(p-aminophenyl)benzimidazole (DAPBI); and terephthaloyl dichloride (TDC) in a mixture of N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) and calcium chloride, and to said composition.
  • PPD para-phenylenediamine
  • DAPBI 5(6)-amino-2-(p-aminophenyl)benzimidazole
  • TDC terephthaloyl dichloride
  • NMP N-methyl pyrrolidone
  • the invention further relates to a method for making purified aromatic polymer from said composition.
  • Such crumbs are known from the process of preparing of fully aromatic polyamides based on e.g. PPD and TDC, which products are known under the trade names Twaron® (Teijin Twaron) and Kevlar® (DuPont). After polymerization in NMP/CaCI 2 a crumb is obtained which can be easily coagulated, washed, and dried, and the product obtained can be dissolved in sulfuric acid and shaped into a desired form, like fibers or films.
  • Twaron® Teijin Twaron
  • Kevlar® DuPont
  • DAPBI (6(6)-amino-2-(p-aminophenyl)-benzimidazole; CAS reg. no: 7621-86-5)
  • a suitable polymer solution right after polymerization with e.g. PPD and TDC, which can be directly shaped into fibers or films, whereby DAPBI is seen as a suitable co-monomer to keep the aramid polymer in solution.
  • the invention relates to a method for obtaining a composition comprising an aromatic polyamide containing para-phenylene terephthalamide and 2-(p-phenylene)- benzimidazole terephthalamide units by copolymerizing: i) a mole % of para-phenylenediamine; ii) b mole % of 5(6)-amino-2-(p-aminophenyl)benzimidazole; and iii) 90-110 mole% of terephthaloyl dichloride in a mixture of N-methyl pyrrolidone and containing c wt.% of calcium chloride, wherein c is within the range from 1 to 20, and wherein the ratio a : b ranges from 1 : 20 to 20 : 1 , a + b is 100 mole%, and i), ii), and iii) together comprise 1-20 wt.% of the mixture, characterized in that the product b.c
  • crumbs comprising a polymer with a sufficient high relative viscosity ⁇ rel.
  • Relative viscosities ⁇ rel of at least 4, more preferably between 4 and 7, most preferably at least 5 can be obtained according to the method of the invention. It is further preferred to have a mixture for copolymerization wherein b.c is at least 50, more preferably at least 80.
  • a method for obtaining a purified aromatic polyamide is obtained by coagulating and washing the obtained crumb with water, followed by drying.
  • the drying step can be performed according to standard procedures, such as ambient conditions, or at elevated temperature and/or lowered pressure.
  • the thus obtained material is suitable for making a spin dope by dissolving it in a solvent, for instance sulfuric acid, NMP, NMP/CaCI 2 , dimethylacetamide, and the like.
  • the dope can be used to manufacture formed articles, such as fibers, films, and the like.
  • DAPBI Ex Spektr T.T.T., Russia
  • PPD Teijin Twaron
  • TDC freshly distilled
  • NMP/CaCI 2 both ex Teijin Twaron
  • the glassware was pre-dried for 1 h in an air circulation oven at 120° C. A clean and dry
  • the flask was cooled with ice/water to 5 - 10° C. After removing the coolant, the stirrer velocity was set at 320 rpm and a precisely pre-weighed amount of the acid chloride was brought into the vessel through a funnel. In all cases the mol ratio of the total number of amines and the acid chloride equals one.
  • the crumbed product together with demi-water was gently added into a Condux LV15 15/N3 coagulator and the mixture was collected on an RVS filter.
  • the product was washed 4 times with 5 I of demi-water, collected in a 2 I glass beaker and dried under vacuum for 24 h at 80° C.
  • a sample was dissolved in sulfuric acid at room temperature.
  • the flow time of the sample solution in sulfuric acid 96% (0.25 % n ) was measured at 25° C in an Ubbelohde viscometer. Under identical conditions the flow time of the solvent was measured as well. The relative viscosity was then calculated as the ratio between the two observed flow times.
  • the temperature After addition of the TDC, the temperature increased rapidly and could reach its maximum between 40° and 70° C.
  • the Table shows some examples in which the polymer mixture turned into a crumbed mass, which could easily be coagulated and washed. To obtain crumbs the DAPBI content, monomer concentration, and the CaCI 2 concentration must be balanced according to the invention. The relative viscosity, inherent viscosity, and appearance (crumb or others) are given in the Table. PPD, DAPBI and TDC together comprise about
  • Example IV fist a precipitate was formed, which was later converted to a dough-like mass.
  • Example V (according to US 4,172,938 having an inherent viscosity of 1.93, see Table) resulted in a powdery material, which after coagulation was very difficult to filter. It behaved like a clay-like material.
  • Comparative example V (according to US 4,172,938) has a product b.c value within the claimed range (39.2), but a relative viscosity below 4 (1.56). No crumb is formed, but a powder (having a particle size far below the average diameter 0.7 mm).

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Polyamides (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)

Abstract

The invention pertains to a method for obtaining a composition comprising an aromatic polyamide containing para-phenylene terephthalamide and 2-(p-phenylene)-benzimidazole terephthalamide units by copolymerizing: i) a mole % of para-phenylenediamine; ii) b mole % of 5(6)-amino-2-(p-aminophenyl)benzimidazole; and iii) 90-110 mole % of terephthaloyl dichloride in a mixture of N-methyl pyrrolidone and containing c wt.% of calcium chloride, wherein c is within the range from 1 to 20, and wherein the ratio a: b ranges from 1:20 to 20:1, a+b is 100 mole %, and i), ii), and iii) together comprise 1-20 wt.% of the mixture, characterized in that the product b.c. is less than 215 and that the composition is a crumb with a relative viscosity ηrel of at least 4, wherein the crumb is defined as non-sticky particles at least 95% of which having an average diameter of 0.7-15 mm.

Description

PROCESS FOR MAKING DAPBI-CONTAINING ARAMID CRUMBS
The invention relates to a method for obtaining a composition comprising an aromatic polyamide containing para-phenylene terephthalamide and 2-(p-phenylene)- benzimidazole terephthalamide units by copolymerizing para-phenylenediamine (PPD), 5(6)-amino-2-(p-aminophenyl)benzimidazole (DAPBI); and terephthaloyl dichloride (TDC) in a mixture of N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) and calcium chloride, and to said composition. The invention further relates to a method for making purified aromatic polymer from said composition.
Methods for making aramid polymers are known in the art. For instance, in US 4,172,938 an aromatic polyamide was described by polymerizing a mixture of diamines and an aromatic dicarboxylic acid dihalide in a mixture of N-methyl pyrrolidone and calcium chloride. In example 34 of this reference the polymerization reaction is performed with a mixture of para-phenylene diamine (PPD) and 5-amino-2-(p-aminophenyl)benzimidazole (DAPBI), and terephthaloyl dichloride (TDC) in N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) containing 2 wt.% of calcium chloride (CaCI2). The product was obtained as a powdery clay-like materials for which filtration was problematical. It was disclosed that products according to this reference in more general terms are obtained as slurry, paste, powder, or agar.
Other processes for making spin dopes of DAPBI-containing polymers are known from US 5,646,234 and US 4,018,735. US 5,646,234 discloses a process for making a spin dope wherein the use of alkali metal halides, among which also calcium chloride, as additive is disclosed. However, very particular preference is given in using no additives, and in conformity herewith the specific examples do not use such additives. Moreover, if calcium chloride is applied according to this reference the amount thereof can be substantially higher than allowable for preventing formation of paste and the like. None of the examples of US 4,018,735 disclose the use of calcium chloride, nor is such specific additive suggested in combination with N-methyl pyrrolidone, and for that reason the polymers of this reference will be obtained in the form of a paste, powder, and the like. It is an object of the present invention to provide condition for performing such reaction and obtaining a composition in the form of a crumb or a crumb-like material. The term crumb or crumb-like as used in this invention means that the polymer mixture contains breakable clumps or particles, which are not sticky and have a mean particle size greater than 100 μm, usually greater than 1 mm. The term crumb in relation to this invention is defined as non-sticky particles, i.e. particles as in powders that do not stick together and remain free to each other, at least 95% of which has an average diameter 0.7-15 mm, preferably 1-7 mm.
Such crumbs are known from the process of preparing of fully aromatic polyamides based on e.g. PPD and TDC, which products are known under the trade names Twaron® (Teijin Twaron) and Kevlar® (DuPont). After polymerization in NMP/CaCI2 a crumb is obtained which can be easily coagulated, washed, and dried, and the product obtained can be dissolved in sulfuric acid and shaped into a desired form, like fibers or films.
The monomer of interest, DAPBI (5(6)-amino-2-(p-aminophenyl)-benzimidazole; CAS reg. no: 7621-86-5), is added to the diamine mixture with the objective to obtain a suitable polymer solution right after polymerization with e.g. PPD and TDC, which can be directly shaped into fibers or films, whereby DAPBI is seen as a suitable co-monomer to keep the aramid polymer in solution. It was now found that by selecting a specific ratio of PPD, DAPBI, and CaCI2 the formation of powders, paste, dough, and the like could be prevented.
To this end the invention relates to a method for obtaining a composition comprising an aromatic polyamide containing para-phenylene terephthalamide and 2-(p-phenylene)- benzimidazole terephthalamide units by copolymerizing: i) a mole % of para-phenylenediamine; ii) b mole % of 5(6)-amino-2-(p-aminophenyl)benzimidazole; and iii) 90-110 mole% of terephthaloyl dichloride in a mixture of N-methyl pyrrolidone and containing c wt.% of calcium chloride, wherein c is within the range from 1 to 20, and wherein the ratio a : b ranges from 1 : 20 to 20 : 1 , a + b is 100 mole%, and i), ii), and iii) together comprise 1-20 wt.% of the mixture, characterized in that the product b.c is less than 215 and that the composition is a crumb with a relative viscosity ηrel of at least 4, wherein the crumb is defined as non-sticky particles at least 95% of which having an average diameter of 0.7-15 mm.
It is one of the other objectives of the present invention to obtain crumbs comprising a polymer with a sufficient high relative viscosity ηrel. Relative viscosities ηrel of at least 4, more preferably between 4 and 7, most preferably at least 5 can be obtained according to the method of the invention. It is further preferred to have a mixture for copolymerization wherein b.c is at least 50, more preferably at least 80.
In another object of the invention a method for obtaining a purified aromatic polyamide is obtained by coagulating and washing the obtained crumb with water, followed by drying.
The drying step can be performed according to standard procedures, such as ambient conditions, or at elevated temperature and/or lowered pressure. The thus obtained material is suitable for making a spin dope by dissolving it in a solvent, for instance sulfuric acid, NMP, NMP/CaCI2, dimethylacetamide, and the like. The dope can be used to manufacture formed articles, such as fibers, films, and the like.
In the following experiments, the aspects of the invention are exemplified.
General polymerization procedure
DAPBI (ex Spektr T.T.T., Russia) was dried under vacuum for 1 h at 160° C. PPD (Teijin Twaron), TDC (freshly distilled), NMP/CaCI2 and NMP (both ex Teijin Twaron) were used as received (moisture content 80 ppm).
The glassware was pre-dried for 1 h in an air circulation oven at 120° C. A clean and dry
2 I flask was supplied with a mechanical stirrer, N2-inlet and outlet, and vacuum supply. Generally, the N2-stream is between 40 - 60 ml/min. A large part (400 ml) of the solvent and the precisely pre-weighed amines were carefully brought in the reactor. The reactor was closed and purged two times with nitrogen. The mixture was stirred for 30 min at 150 rpm and heated to 60° C and mixed for 0.5 h to dissolve or disperse the amines properly.
The flask was cooled with ice/water to 5 - 10° C. After removing the coolant, the stirrer velocity was set at 320 rpm and a precisely pre-weighed amount of the acid chloride was brought into the vessel through a funnel. In all cases the mol ratio of the total number of amines and the acid chloride equals one. The flask, which contained the acid chloride and the funnel, were rinsed with the remaining solvent (50 ml). The vessel was closed ' and the mixture was allowed to react for at least 30 min (nitrogen flush between 40 - 60 ml/min). The stirring was stopped and the reaction vessel was removed.
The crumbed product together with demi-water was gently added into a Condux LV15 15/N3 coagulator and the mixture was collected on an RVS filter. The product was washed 4 times with 5 I of demi-water, collected in a 2 I glass beaker and dried under vacuum for 24 h at 80° C. A sample was dissolved in sulfuric acid at room temperature. The flow time of the sample solution in sulfuric acid 96% (0.25 % n ) was measured at 25° C in an Ubbelohde viscometer. Under identical conditions the flow time of the solvent was measured as well. The relative viscosity was then calculated as the ratio between the two observed flow times.
Results
After addition of the TDC, the temperature increased rapidly and could reach its maximum between 40° and 70° C.
The Table shows some examples in which the polymer mixture turned into a crumbed mass, which could easily be coagulated and washed. To obtain crumbs the DAPBI content, monomer concentration, and the CaCI2 concentration must be balanced according to the invention. The relative viscosity, inherent viscosity, and appearance (crumb or others) are given in the Table. PPD, DAPBI and TDC together comprise about
10 to 12 wt.% of the mixture.
In comparative examples I - III the polymer mixture was rendered as a dough polymer mass or as rubbery "chewing gum-like" mass, due to the high CaCI2 content. In Example IV fist a precipitate was formed, which was later converted to a dough-like mass. The
CaCI2 content was too low to obtain a crumb. Example V (according to US 4,172,938 having an inherent viscosity of 1.93, see Table) resulted in a powdery material, which after coagulation was very difficult to filter. It behaved like a clay-like material.
Table
Figure imgf000006_0001
average of va ues * calculated value + gel with precipitated particles
The Table shows the advantageous properties when the conditions of the invention are satisfied. For instance Comparative example V (according to US 4,172,938) has a product b.c value within the claimed range (39.2), but a relative viscosity below 4 (1.56). No crumb is formed, but a powder (having a particle size far below the average diameter 0.7 mm).

Claims

Claims:
1. A method for obtaining a composition comprising an aromatic polyamide containing para- phenylene terephthalamide and 2-(p-pheny!ene)benzimidazole terephthalamide units by copolymerizing: i) a mole % of para-phenylenediamine; ii) b mole % of 5(6)-amino-2-(p-aminophenyl)benzimidazole; and iii) 90-110 mole% of terephthaloyl dichloride in a mixture of N-methyl pyrrolidone and containing c wt.% of calcium chloride, wherein c is within the range from 1 to 20, and wherein the ratio a : b ranges from 1 : 20 to 20 : 1, a + b is 100 mole%, and i), ii), and iii) together comprise 1-20 wt.% of the mixture, characterized in that the product b.c is less than 215 and that the composition is a crumb with a relative viscosity ηrel of at least 4, wherein the crumb is defined as non-sticky particles at least 95% of which having an average diameter of 0.7-15 mm.
2. A composition comprising an aromatic polyamide containing para-phenylene terephthalamide and 2-(p-phenylene)benzimidazole terephthalamide units, obtainable by copolymerizing para-phenylenediamine; 5(6)-amino-2-(p-aminophenyl)benzimidazole; and terephthaloyl dichloride in a mixture of N-methyl pyrrolidone and calcium chloride, characterized in that the composition is a crumb with a relative viscosity ηrel of at least 4.
3. The composition of claim 2 wherein the crumb has a relative viscosity ηrel between 4 and 7.
4. A method for making purified aromatic polyamide by coagulating and washing the crumb of claim 2 or 3 in water, followed by a drying step.
PCT/EP2004/012760 2003-11-21 2004-11-11 Process for making dapbi-containing aramid crumbs WO2005054337A1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1020067009826A KR101128675B1 (en) 2003-11-21 2004-11-11 Process for making DAPBI-containing aramid crumbs
JP2006540256A JP4786546B2 (en) 2003-11-21 2004-11-11 Method for producing DAPBI-containing aramid crumb
US10/580,018 US8497344B2 (en) 2003-11-21 2004-11-11 Process for making DAPBI-containing aramid crumbs
CN2004800338563A CN1882635B (en) 2003-11-21 2004-11-11 Process for making dapbi-containing aramid crumbs
EP04797801A EP1689805B1 (en) 2003-11-21 2004-11-11 Process for making dapbi-containing aramid crumbs

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03026710.8 2003-11-21
EP03026710 2003-11-21

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KR (1) KR101128675B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1882635B (en)
RU (1) RU2361889C2 (en)
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WO2008061668A1 (en) * 2006-11-21 2008-05-29 Teijin Aramid B.V. Method for obtaining high-tenacity aramid yarn
WO2008105547A1 (en) * 2007-02-27 2008-09-04 Teijin Limited Solid polymer electrolyte
EP2096199A1 (en) * 2006-12-15 2009-09-02 Teijin Techno Products Limited Heterocyclic ring-containing aromatic polyamide fiber, method for producing the same, fabric comprising the fiber, fiber-reinforced composite material reinforced with the fiber
WO2009127586A1 (en) * 2008-04-18 2009-10-22 Teijin Aramid B.V. Large scale process for polymerization of 5 (6) -amino-2- (p-aminophenyl) benzimidazole (dapbi) containing polyaramid
WO2012097228A1 (en) * 2011-01-13 2012-07-19 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Copolymer fibers and yarns and processes for making same
WO2012097236A1 (en) * 2011-01-13 2012-07-19 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Neutralized copolymer crumb and processes for making same
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WO2013105944A1 (en) 2012-01-11 2013-07-18 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Sulfur and alkali metal containing imidazole fiber having ionically bound halides
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WO2013105938A1 (en) 2012-01-11 2013-07-18 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Method for removing sulfur from fiber using monovalent salt ion exchange
WO2013105940A1 (en) 2012-01-11 2013-07-18 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Sulfur-containing imidazole fiber having ionically bonded halides
WO2013109311A1 (en) * 2011-07-29 2013-07-25 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for forming an aramid copolymer
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US8932501B2 (en) 2011-01-13 2015-01-13 E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company Production of and drying of copolymer fibers
US8957183B2 (en) 2011-01-13 2015-02-17 E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company Copolymer fibers and processes for making same
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