WO2005053322A1 - Vision stereoscopique - Google Patents

Vision stereoscopique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005053322A1
WO2005053322A1 PCT/IB2004/052560 IB2004052560W WO2005053322A1 WO 2005053322 A1 WO2005053322 A1 WO 2005053322A1 IB 2004052560 W IB2004052560 W IB 2004052560W WO 2005053322 A1 WO2005053322 A1 WO 2005053322A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lcd screen
lcd
pixel
spacing
screens
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2004/052560
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Mark T. Johnson
Pim T. Tuyls
Thomas A. M. Kevenaar
Original Assignee
Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. filed Critical Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
Publication of WO2005053322A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005053322A1/fr

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30Image reproducers
    • H04N13/356Image reproducers having separate monoscopic and stereoscopic modes
    • H04N13/359Switching between monoscopic and stereoscopic modes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30Image reproducers
    • H04N13/302Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30Image reproducers
    • H04N13/302Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
    • H04N13/305Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using lenticular lenses, e.g. arrangements of cylindrical lenses
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30Image reproducers
    • H04N13/302Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
    • H04N13/31Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using parallax barriers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30Image reproducers
    • H04N13/332Displays for viewing with the aid of special glasses or head-mounted displays [HMD]
    • H04N13/341Displays for viewing with the aid of special glasses or head-mounted displays [HMD] using temporal multiplexing
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30Image reproducers
    • H04N13/363Image reproducers using image projection screens
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30Image reproducers
    • H04N13/388Volumetric displays, i.e. systems where the image is built up from picture elements distributed through a volume
    • H04N13/395Volumetric displays, i.e. systems where the image is built up from picture elements distributed through a volume with depth sampling, i.e. the volume being constructed from a stack or sequence of 2D image planes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to stereoscopic viewing. More in particular, the present invention relates to a device and a method for 3D (three-dimensional) viewing using LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screens.
  • Stereoscopic viewing provides a three-dimensional image by showing two separate images, one for each eye of the viewer.
  • To direct only one of the separate images to each eye of the viewer several techniques have been proposed, such as the parallax technique and the shutter technique.
  • the parallax technique a striped pattern is positioned in a particular geometric arrangement relative to a screen showing the partial (that is, left and right) images, "hiding" one partial image from each eye.
  • United States Patent US 5,771 ,121 discloses a monitor for stereoscopic viewing provided in front of which a grid-shield with vertical cylinder lenses is mounted. At the focal point of the cylinder lenses there is an electronically controlled shadow-line grid LCD, allowing the alternating passage of right and left pictures sequentially at 100 or 120 Hz. Depending on the position of the viewer, the location of the shadow lines is changed adaptively.
  • United States Patent US 6,108,029 discloses a display system for 3D viewing.
  • a first LCD panel shows an interleaved image composed of a right view and a left view of a scene while a second LCD panel having a plurality of linear sections is used to form a parallax barrier for 3D viewing.
  • the stereoscopic displays of the Prior Art are relatively complicated and, as a result, are relatively expensive. It is an object of the present invention to overcome these and other problems of the Prior Art and to provide a device and a method for stereoscopic viewing which are simple and economic yet effective. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a device for and a method of stereoscopic viewing which are capable of functioning without a parallax barrier or shutters.
  • the present invention provides a device for stereoscopic viewing, the device comprising: • a first LCD screen, • a first polarizer arranged in front of the first LCD screen, • a second LCD screen arranged behind the first LCD screen, • a second polarizer arranged behind the second LCD screen, characterized by the absence of any active polarizers between the first LCD screen and the second LCD screen.
  • Embodiments can be envisaged, however, in which one or more switchable polarizers are arranged between the LCD screens. Examples of the use of switchable polarizers in combination with LCD screens are discussed in British Patent Application GB 0323364.0 (Philips) filed 7 October 2003. In case any switchable polarizers are located between the LCD screens, these polarizers can be made non-active in the device of the present invention, that is, when the device is used for stereoscopic viewing these switchable polarizers do not contribute to the rotation of the polarized light.
  • LCD screen or “LCD panel” refers to an array of LCD elements only, not to a combined structure in which an array of LCD elements is “sandwiched” between two polarizers. It will be understood that each LCD element corresponds with one of more pixels (picture elements). It is well known that LCD elements provide a rotation of (polarized) light, typically over 90°, when they are not energized and no rotation when they are energized. Two LCD elements may therefore cause a rotation of 0° (both elements energized), 90° (only one element energized) or 180° (both elements not energized).
  • Two polarization filters both having (for example) a horizontal polarization, one being arranged in front of the LCD screens and one behind, will therefore only fully pass any light which has been rotated over either 0° or 180°, while the light rotated over 90° (only one LCD element energized) will be blocked. Any intermediate rotations of the light will result in a partial transmission of the light and produce an intermediate gray level.
  • two LCD elements can together define the light transmission (gray level) of a pixel (or a group of pixels). In the present invention, therefore, the fact that no polarizers are present between the LCD screens allows these screens to together define a pixel value (typically "black”, "white”, or an intermediate gray level).
  • the device of the present invention further comprises control means for controlling the LCD screens in such a way that each pixel of the first LCD screen and each pixel of the second LCD screen together constitute a pixel of a stereoscopic image.
  • the stereoscopic image will of course depend on the position of the eyes of the viewer.
  • the control means for controlling the LCD screens may comprise a microprocessor, hard wired logic, and/or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC).
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
  • the LCD screens are controlled so as to produce alternating partial images. That is, the screens alternatingly produce an image for the left eye and the right eye, for example at a frequency of 100 Hz or 120 Hz.
  • the LCD screens are controlled so as to produce a continuous stereoscopic image. Such an image is typically visible from only a limited region in the space in front of the device.
  • the first LCD screen comprises first pixels having a first spacing and the second LCD screen comprises second pixels having a second spacing, the second spacing being greater than the first spacing.
  • the first LCD screen is offset relative to the second LCD screen, preferably by a distance substantially equal to half the width of a pixel of the first LCD screen.
  • lenses may be arranged in front of the first LCD screen, in particular in front of the first polarizer, for directing the light emanating from the LCD screens towards the eyes of the viewer.
  • Such lenses may have a width substantially equal to twice the width of a pixel of the first LCD screen.
  • the device according to the present invention further comprises a light source, preferably arranged behind the second polarizer.
  • the device of the present invention may be especially designed as a device having two LCD screens, it is possible to use a combination of two devices each having a single LCD screen, provided such a combination does not result in a polarizer between the LCD screens unless such a polarizer can be made inactive.
  • the first LCD screen may be constituted by the LCD screen of a security device for viewing encrypted images.
  • a security device is disclosed in, for example, International Patent Application WO 03/067797 (Philips) and serves to display the second "share" of an encrypted image consisting of two such "shares".
  • the first share is typically displayed on a display device such as a bank terminal or a computer monitor.
  • the second LCD screen may be constituted by the LCD screen of a display device for displaying encrypted images.
  • the present invention also provides a television set, a computer monitor, a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant), and a mobile telecommunications device (such as a mobile telephone) comprising a device as defined above.
  • the present invention additionally provides an LCD screen for use in a device as defined above, the LCD screen being provided with a polarizer on one side only.
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows a third embodiment of a device according to the present i nvention.
  • Fig. 4 schematically shows a fourth embodiment of a device according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 schematically shows a further embodiment of a device according to the present invention.
  • the stereoscopic viewing device 1 shown merely by way of non- limiting example in Fig. 1 comprises a first LCD screen 10, a second LCD screen 20 and a light source 30.
  • the first LCD screen 10 is located to the front of the device 1 , seen from the direction of a viewer whose left eye 2 and right eye 3 are also schematically shown in Fig. 1.
  • the second LCD screen 20 is located behind the first LCD screen 10.
  • the light source 30 is arranged behind the second LCD screen 20 and functions as a "backlight".
  • alternative light sources can be provided, for example one arranged in front of the first LCD screen 10.
  • the light source 30 could be omitted altogether and ambient light could be used, for example when using the display in a fully transmissive mode or in a reflective mode where a reflective layer is situated behind the second LCD screen and the second polarizer.
  • the reflective layer exhibits both scattering and depolarizing properties, as may be achieved by using paper. It is thus seen that the light source 30 is not an essential part of the device 1.
  • the first LCD screen 10 and the second LCD screen 20 are arranged substantially in parallel and at a mutual spacing d.
  • the mutual spacing d is shown to be relatively large, it will however be understood that the actual spacing may be much smaller. Thus the mutual spacing d may range from several centimeters to less than one millimeter.
  • the viewer's eyes 2 and 3 are located at a distance D from the first LCD screen 10. This distance may be range from 10 cm to approximately 100 cm.
  • the first LCD screen 10 and the second LCD screen 20 each comprise a plurality of LCD elements 11a, 11b and 21a, 21b, .... respectively.
  • each LCD element constitutes one pixel (picture element) of an image.
  • each polarizer 12, 22 is arranged on one side of each LCD screen 10, 20 . It can be seen that each polarizer 12, 22 is positioned on the side of the LCD screen facing away from the other screen and that no polarizer is positioned between the LCD screens.
  • each LCD screen may provide a rotation of the light, depending on the state of the respective LCD elements.
  • an LCD element rotates any incident light over 0° or 90°, that is 0° when the element is energized and 90° when it is not.
  • the light reaching the first polarizer 12, having passed through two LCD screens, can therefore be rotated over 0°, 90° or 180°, depending on the elements being energized.
  • each pair of LCD elements consisting of an element 11 of the first LCD screen and an element 21 of the second LCD screen may define a pixel of the stereoscopic image, the combined rotation of the polarized light due to the two elements determining the gray level (black / white / intermediate gray evels) of the pixel.
  • this combined rotation is preferably used to produce alternating images for the left eye 2 and the right eye 3.
  • the first line of vision Pi of the left eye 2 passes through first LCD element 11m and second LCD element 21 h.
  • the elements 11m and 21 h should therefore together form a pixel of the left image (image for the left eye).
  • the elements 11k and 21f together form another pixel of the left image in the second line of vision P 2 .
  • elements 11k and 21f are also involved in forming pixels of the right image (image for the right eye) as indicated, for example, by line P 4 which passes through elements 11h and 21f.
  • LCD element 21f forms a left image pixel in conjunction with element 11k, it forms a right image pixel together with element 11h.
  • element 11 k forms a left image pixel in conjunction with element 21 f but forms a right image pixel together with element 21 i, as indicated by the line P3.
  • the LCD elements should therefore be controlled so as to produce the required gray value of the pixels of the left image and the right image.
  • all three elements may provide a rotation of 0°.
  • all three may provide a rotation of 90° as two rotations of 90° result in a rotation of 180° which also produces a white pixel.
  • 11k is to appear black for both eyes, element 11k may provide a rotation of 90° while the other two elements provide a rotation of 0°. In this way, the required rotations of elements forming pixels which are identical in the left image and the right image may easily be determined. If certain elements are to simultaneously have different gray values for the left and right image, more elements may have to be taken into consideration.
  • element 11k is to appear black for the left image and white for the right image. Then elements 11k and 21f should together produce a rotation of 90° (assuming the polarizers 12 and 22 have the same orientation) while 11k and 21 i should together produce a rotation of either 0° or 180°.
  • a possible solution is: element 11 k: 0°; element 21 f: 90°; element 21 i: 0°.
  • An alternative solution is: element 11k: 90°; element 21f: 0°; element 21 i: 90°. If intermediate rotations of the light are possible, that is over other angles than multiples of 90°, still further solutions are possible. In most cases, which solution is chosen may depend on the values of these elements required for other pixels.
  • this set of four equations in six unknowns (11m, 11k, 11h, 21f, 21 h, 21 i) can be solved (two unknowns, for example 21f and 21 h, can be arbitrarily chosen). It will be clear that this method of determining the rotations of the elements may be extended to more pixel values and elements. If certain elements are to alternatingly have different gray values for the left and right image, the LCD screens may be controlled differently. In the example above, the element 11k, in combination with element 21 f, may alternatingly appear black in a first frame (right image) and white (or an intermediate gray level) in a second frame (left image).
  • the same element 11k in combination with element 21 i, may alternatingly appear white (or an intermediate gray level) in a first frame (right image) and black in a second frame (left image).
  • the gray value may change at a frame rate of, for example, 100 Hz or 120 Hz.
  • the left image and right images are in this embodiment determined independently, which requires less computational effort.
  • each LCD element may comprise a triplet of sub -elements, each displaying a different color, typically red, green and blue.
  • the sub-elements of each LCD element are preferably arranged vertically, that is, one above the other, so as to avoid any color distortions.
  • the distance D between the viewer's eyes and the first LCD screen, and the spacing d of the screens may vary. However, particularly suitable distances satisfy, or approximately satisfy, the equation:
  • A is the (horizontal) spacing of the LCD elements 11a, 11b, ... of the first LCD screen 10
  • n is a positive integer (that is, 0, 1, 2, 3, ... )
  • d is the spacing between the LCD screens 10 and 20
  • D is the distance between the viewer's eyes (2 and 3 in Fig. 1) and the first LCD screen 10
  • C is the distance between the viewer's eyes.
  • the (horizontal) spacings A and B of the first LCD elements 11a, 11b, ... and the second LCD elements 21a, 21 b, ... respectively were different, the second spacing B being greater than the first spacing A.
  • the (horizontal) spacings in the first LCD screen 10 and the second LCD screen 20 are substantially identical.
  • the first LCD screen 10 is offset relative to the second LCD screen 20 by a distance S.
  • A is the spacing shown in Fig. 1.
  • lenses 13a, 13b, ... are arranged in front of the polarizer 12 of the first LCD screen 10 to direct the light emanating from the device towards the viewer.
  • the lenses 13a, 13b, ... are preferably lenticular lenses.
  • each lens 13a, 13b, ... has a width which is approximately equal to twice the width of an LCD element.
  • lens 13a is positioned in front of elements 11a and 11 b
  • lens 13b is positioned in front of elements 11 c and 11 d, and so on.
  • both LCD screens have identical spacings of the elements, where the LCD screens have no offset relative to each other, and where lenses are used.
  • This embodiment has the advantage of being economical, at the expense of smaller viewing angles.
  • the device 1 is also shown to comprise a first LCD screen provided with a first polarizer 12 and a second LCD screen 20 provided with a second polarizer 22.
  • a large-area light source 30, a control unit 40 and a housing 50 are shown.
  • the control unit 40 for controlling the LCD screens may comprise a microprocessor, hard wired logic, and/or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC).
  • the control unit 40 is operationally coupled to the first and the second LCD screens 10, 20 and serves to provide a stereoscopic image.
  • the unit produces alternating left and right images.
  • the unit produces a continuous stereoscopic image.
  • the unit is capable of producing either an alternating or a continuous image. In this third embodiment, the unit can therefore switch between two display modes.
  • the switchi ng may be automatic, that is, controlled by the particular image to be displayed, but can also be user controlled, for example by the user operating a mechanical switch or by a detector detecting the user's presence.
  • the device is capable of producing either a two-dimensional image or a three-dimensional (stereoscopic) image. This is particularly advantageous as it allows the device to adjust the display mode (that is, 2D or 3D) depending on the image data available.
  • the display mode that is, 2D or 3D
  • one of the LCD screens may be controlled such that all elements provide a uniform rotation of, for example, 0°, the other LCD screen being controlled in accordance with the two- dimensional image.
  • the device of the present invention may be specifically designed for the purpose of showing stereoscopic images, it may also be constituted by existing devices which are already provided for other purposes.
  • the first LCD screen may be constituted by the LCD screen of a security device for viewing encrypted images.
  • a security device is disclosed in, for example, International Patent Application WO 03/067797 (Philips) and serves to display the second "share" of an encrypted image consisting of two such "shares".
  • the first share is typically displayed on a display device such as a bank terminal or a computer monitor.
  • the second LCD screen may be constituted by the LCD screen of a display device for displaying encrypted images.
  • the LCD screens of existing devices can be used to provide stereoscopic images.
  • an existing security device as described above can readily be modified so as to render stereoscopic images. It will be understood that if existing devices such as a display device and a security device are used, these devices should provide two LCD screens without any active intermediate polarizers. Accordingly, any intermediate polarizers should be made inactive or be removed. Alternatively, the devices are arranged such that no intermediate polarizers are present. This could be achieved, for example, by providing each device (that is, the display device and the security device as defined above) with only a single polarizer. In such embodiments, a slot could be provided in the display device for inserting the security device and thus providing the combination of LCD screens and polarizers according to the present invention.
  • the present invention is based upon the insight that the combination of two LCD screens without any intermediate polarizers is suitable for providing stereoscopic images as the combined rotations of the LCD screens together determine any pixel of the stereoscopic image. It is noted that any terms used in this document should not be construed so as to limit the scope of the present invention. In particular, the words “comprise(s)” and “comprising” are not meant to exclude any elements not specifically stated. Single (circuit) elements may be substituted with multiple (circuit) elements or with their equivalents. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments illustrated above and that many modifications and additions may be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appending claims.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Testing, Inspecting, Measuring Of Stereoscopic Televisions And Televisions (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif (1) de vision stéréoscopique comportant un premier écran LCD (10), un deuxième écran LCD (20), un premier polariseur (12) disposé devant le premier écran LCD et un deuxième polariseur (22) disposé derrière le deuxième écran LCD (20). Aucun polariseur n'est disposé entre le premier écran LCD et le deuxième écran LCD. Chaque paire de pixels constituée d'un pixel (11) du premier écran LCD et d'un pixel (21) du deuxième écran LCD peut définir un pixel de l'image stéréoscopique, la rotation combinée de la lumière polarisée déterminant la valeur de gris du pixel.
PCT/IB2004/052560 2003-11-29 2004-11-26 Vision stereoscopique WO2005053322A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0327789.4 2003-11-29
GBGB0327789.4A GB0327789D0 (en) 2003-11-29 2003-11-29 Stereoscopic viewing

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2005053322A1 true WO2005053322A1 (fr) 2005-06-09

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2004/052560 WO2005053322A1 (fr) 2003-11-29 2004-11-26 Vision stereoscopique

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GB (1) GB0327789D0 (fr)
TW (1) TW200529651A (fr)
WO (1) WO2005053322A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009140960A2 (fr) * 2008-05-19 2009-11-26 Visumotion Gmbh Procédé et dispositif d'affichage tridimensionnel à haute résolution
EP2772784A4 (fr) * 2011-10-27 2015-05-27 Neoviewkolon Co Ltd Dispositif d'affichage transparent d'images stéréoscopiques

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TWI489148B (zh) * 2013-08-23 2015-06-21 Au Optronics Corp 立體顯示器與驅動方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4953949A (en) * 1984-12-17 1990-09-04 U.S. Philips Corporation Device for forming a picture
EP0744872A2 (fr) * 1995-05-22 1996-11-27 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Méthode et dispositif d'affichage d'images stéréoscopiques
US6157424A (en) * 1998-03-30 2000-12-05 Dimension Technologies, Inc. 2D/3D imaging display
WO2003067797A1 (fr) * 2002-02-07 2003-08-14 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Procede de communication de messages visuels proteges et dispositif associe

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4953949A (en) * 1984-12-17 1990-09-04 U.S. Philips Corporation Device for forming a picture
EP0744872A2 (fr) * 1995-05-22 1996-11-27 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Méthode et dispositif d'affichage d'images stéréoscopiques
US6157424A (en) * 1998-03-30 2000-12-05 Dimension Technologies, Inc. 2D/3D imaging display
WO2003067797A1 (fr) * 2002-02-07 2003-08-14 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Procede de communication de messages visuels proteges et dispositif associe

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009140960A2 (fr) * 2008-05-19 2009-11-26 Visumotion Gmbh Procédé et dispositif d'affichage tridimensionnel à haute résolution
WO2009140960A3 (fr) * 2008-05-19 2010-02-25 Visumotion Gmbh Procédé et dispositif d'affichage tridimensionnel à haute résolution
EP2772784A4 (fr) * 2011-10-27 2015-05-27 Neoviewkolon Co Ltd Dispositif d'affichage transparent d'images stéréoscopiques

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TW200529651A (en) 2005-09-01
GB0327789D0 (en) 2003-12-31

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