WO2005052497A1 - Ammunition - Google Patents

Ammunition Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005052497A1
WO2005052497A1 PCT/FR2004/050610 FR2004050610W WO2005052497A1 WO 2005052497 A1 WO2005052497 A1 WO 2005052497A1 FR 2004050610 W FR2004050610 W FR 2004050610W WO 2005052497 A1 WO2005052497 A1 WO 2005052497A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
projectile
container
ammunition
tail
ammunition according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2004/050610
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Denis
Original Assignee
Jean-Pierre Denis
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR0313841A external-priority patent/FR2862750A1/en
Application filed by Jean-Pierre Denis filed Critical Jean-Pierre Denis
Publication of WO2005052497A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005052497A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B14/00—Projectiles or missiles characterised by arrangements for guiding or sealing them inside barrels, or for lubricating or cleaning barrels
    • F42B14/06—Sub-calibre projectiles having sabots; Sabots therefor
    • F42B14/064—Sabots enclosing the rear end of a kinetic energy projectile, i.e. having a closed disk shaped obturator base and petals extending forward from said base
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B10/00—Means for influencing, e.g. improving, the aerodynamic properties of projectiles or missiles; Arrangements on projectiles or missiles for stabilising, steering, range-reducing, range-increasing or fall-retarding
    • F42B10/32—Range-reducing or range-increasing arrangements; Fall-retarding means
    • F42B10/48—Range-reducing, destabilising or braking arrangements, e.g. impact-braking arrangements; Fall-retarding means, e.g. balloons, rockets for braking or fall-retarding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/34—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect expanding before or on impact, i.e. of dumdum or mushroom type

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to ammunition with an under-calibrated projectile. There are multiple forms of such ammunition.
  • the object of the present invention is to develop ammunition with an under-calibrated projectile or a range of ammunition with under-calibrated projectiles, economical, making it possible to brake the projectile and cause it to rock at a given moment on its trajectory to avoid it going too far for certain types of use, for example interventions in urban areas.
  • the invention relates to a projectile of the type defined above, characterized in that it comprises - a sub-calibrated, monobloc projectile, having a point at the front continuing towards the rear by a body and a tail, - a generally cylindrical container, of section corresponding to that of the barrel of the weapon, made of a material with low density compared to that of the projectile, with a housing receiving the projectile and of shape anti-aerodynamic exterior allowing the ammunition to be braked by accompanying the projectile but releasing it on impact.
  • the sub-calibrated projectile is advantageously made of steel or an alloy-copper assembly or a copper-tungsten alloy.
  • This projectile may have a small diameter to constitute a dart or a larger diameter increasing up to a diameter of a hammer projectile.
  • This projectile is integral with a container made of a material with low density, in particular a density less than 2.5.
  • This material is, for example, a plastic material or a plasticized paper pulp or other inert composite material.
  • This material can contain, as an additive, a lubricating agent, an opacifying agent, to visualize the material by X-rays.
  • the container has a constant external shape whatever the sub-calibrated projectile that it receives. This means that this ammunition can be fired with the same weapon regardless of the projectile integrated into the container.
  • the container has a thin front part (bottom) or head with, preferably, rupture zones which facilitate its opening at the time of impact while remaining integral with the sub-calibrated projectile over the entire trajectory up to arrival on impact.
  • the container is formed of two parts, an envelope constituting the front of the ammunition, receiving the projectile and a plug straddling the tail of the projectile and closing the rear opening of the envelope by being embedded in this opening.
  • the container is produced by injection or overmolding of the projectile. Even if it is possible to overmold the container on the projectile, it is interesting to make it as specified above in two parts, molded, and which close on the sub-calibrated projectile with the cap after placement. of the projectile.
  • the container leaves a free space behind the body and the tail of the projectile to allow the container to move relative to the projectile at the start of the shot.
  • This free space allows relative movement at the time of the start of the stroke.
  • This relative movement can be used in a particularly advantageous manner to communicate a rotational impulse to the ammunition and, in particular, by virtue of a projectile body grooved by grooves or ribs inclined relative to the axis of the projectile. These grooves / ribs can follow a helical path with an important step.
  • This set of grooves or peripheral ribs hooks into the interior surface of the container and transforms part of the translational movement of the container at the start of the trajectory, after the start of the shot, by a screwing effect on the still stationary projectile; this screwing movement takes place over the free distance between the rear of the projectile and the bottom of the container.
  • the stopper is fixed to the opening of the container by clipping or by peripheral ribs.
  • the tail and, where appropriate, the body of the projectile are provided with a realistic lightening bore in the axis to move the center of gravity of the container-projectile assembly forwards. .
  • the sub-calibrated projectile comprises a peripheral flange bordering its point and extending by the cylindrical part and the tail of the projectile.
  • FIG. 4 is a half-section view of a third embodiment of the munition
  • FIG. 1 shows in general and on a very enlarged scale a first embodiment of a munition according to the invention shown in a half-view in section.
  • This munition with axis of symmetry XX consists of a sub-calibrated projectile 1 in one piece and of a container 2.
  • the projectile 1 comprises at the front a point 11 then a body 12 corresponding to the part of larger diameter and the assembly ends in a tail 13.
  • the body 12 has a frustoconical front area 121 followed by a cylindrical area 122 of large diameter and finally a cylindrical area of reduced diameter 123.
  • the tail 13 is preferably frustoconical shape, the small base being turned towards the rear. This tail 13 joins the body 12 by a step.
  • the container 2 which receives the sub-calibrated projectile 1 is a part made of a material of low density compared to that of the projectile 1. While the projectile is preferably made of steel or a copper or copper-tungsten alloy, the container is a piece of molded plastic or of a material of this type such as pulp, plasticized so as not to be abrasive and to slide well into the barrel of the weapon.
  • This container 2 of generally cylindrical shape defines a housing ment 21 in which the projectile 1 is placed.
  • This container has a generally anti-aerodynamic shape to allow the projectile to be braked and to drop it quickly after it has traveled the relatively short distance provided.
  • the container 2 is made up at the front of a conical point 22, with a straight or curved generator which continues rearwards by a first cylindrical part 23 formed here of an annular structure with a crenellated section, then by a central part 24 of reduced diameter and towards the rear by a skirt 25, the opening 26 of which receives a plug 3 closing the housing 21 once the projectile 1 has been put in place.
  • the container may have a flat, even concave, bottom to increase its anti-aerodynamic characteristics.
  • the container 2 is assembled and closed with the plug 3 by a labyrinth or snap-on type connection formed by the profile of the opening 26.
  • This profile is composed of a succession of roundings, so to retain the plug 3 well in the container without the plug being able to move forward or backward.
  • the plug 3 of generally frustoconical shape, hollow, has in its front part a frustoconical cavity 31 intended to overlap the tail of the projectile 11. Under this cavity 31 there is a recess 32 intended to lighten the plug 3.
  • the assembly constituted by the container 2 and its cap 3 is preferably symmetrical in rotation relative to the axis XX. According to the example represented in FIG.
  • the ammunition is produced by separately manufacturing the envelope 2, its plug 3 and the projectile 1 then by placing the projectile 1 in the envelope which is closed with the plug 3
  • the plug is embedded in the skirt 25 of the casing so as to be firmly attached to it and not to separate from it at the start of the blow so that the container 2 remains integral with the projectile 11 until arrival on impact .
  • the projectile 1 comprises, at its tail 13, and possibly the rear part of the body 12, a cavity 14 preferably circular cylindrical aligned on the axis XX.
  • This cavity 14 which can have different depths indicated by the funds 141, 142 or 143 makes it possible to modify the position of the center of gravity of the projectile 1 or more generally of the ammunition, that is to say the assembly constituted by the projectile 1 and container 2.
  • the center of gravity occupies the position Go; if a first cavity is made up to the bottom 141, the center of gravity will be advanced to the position Gl. If we increase the depth of the cavity to the bottom 142 we will have moved the center of gravity to point G2 and finally if we continue and enlarge the cavity 14 to the bottom 143 the center of gravity will be moved to point G3.
  • FIG. 3 shows another alternative embodiment of the ammunition according to the invention.
  • This variant differs from the above embodiments by a peripheral groove 27 produced at the end of the narrowed part 24 of the container 2 so as to increase the non-aerodynamic effect of the container and of the ammunition.
  • the front part 23 of the envelope is replaced by a solid part, that is to say a non-ribbed part 23 ′.
  • the groove 27 can also be replaced by a distribution of cavities of similar section but which do not communicate, in the peripheral direction of the envelope.
  • the other parts of this ammunition are the same as in the previous embodiments.
  • Figure 4 shows another variant of the invention.
  • the projectile 1 has a length less than that of the housing 21 of the container so as to leave behind the tail 13 a free space EL of height Hl along the axis XX.
  • a free space of height H2 between the upper edge 33 of the plug 3 and the rear part 123 of the body of the projectile 1 or shoulder of this rear part 123 of the body 12.
  • This free space EL allows the start of the shot the envelope 2 to advance relative to the projectile 1 before the latter is itself propelled.
  • This initial, independent movement can be used to communicate a rotational impulse to the munition.
  • the part 122 of the body 12 has grooves / ribs 125 inclined with respect to the axis XX and having in particular along helix segments.
  • This party 122 can cooperate with the inner surface 28 of the housing 21 of the container 2 to "mesh" with this surface and produce a relative rotational movement due to the advancement of the envelope 2 relative to the projectile 1 over a distance corresponding substantially to the height Hl free space EL; height which is less than the height H2 between the edge 33 of the plug 3 and the shoulder between the rear part 123 of the body 12 and the tail 13.
  • the grooved part 122 can be formed by ribs, that is to say elements in relief or by grooves, that is to say hollow parts.
  • the projectile 1 is preferably forced into the housing 21 of the container 2.
  • the different characteristics of the embodiments of Figures 1 to 4 can be combined.
  • this tail and a part of the body can have a recess 14 to move the center of gravity.
  • the outer surface of the container can also be modified and correspond to one of the variants such as those represented in FIG. 3 or in FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 5 shows a fourth embodiment of a munition according to the invention represented according to a half section view.
  • This munition with axis of symmetry XX consists of a sub-calibrated projectile of the monoblock and of a container 2a.
  • the projectile la comprises at the front a point l ia then a body 12a corresponding to the part of larger diameter and the assembly ends in a tail 13a.
  • the body 12a has a frustoconical front area 121a bordered by a cylindrical collar 122a and finally a cylindrical area 123a.
  • the tail 13a is preferably of frustoconical shape, the small base being turned towards the rear.
  • the flange 122a of tapered shape towards the front joins the vase of the tip l ia by a groove 124a with a possibly rounded bottom but nevertheless constituting a rupture initiation on impact allowing the flange to detach along the line of rupture 125a indicated diagrammatically and allowing possible fragmentation on impact.
  • This flange 124a can be continuous or discontinuous at the periphery.
  • the container 2a which receives the sub-calibrated projectile is a part made of a material of low density compared to that of the projectile la.
  • the projectile is preferably made of steel or an alloy of copper or copper-tungsten.
  • the container is made of molded plastic or of a material of this type such as pulp, plasticized so as not to be abrasive and to slide well into the barrel of the weapon.
  • the container 2a is made up at the front of a conical point 22a, with curved generator which continues rearwards by a first cylindrical part 23a formed of an annular structure with a crenellated section, then by a part central 24a of reduced diameter and towards the rear by a skirt 25a, the opening 26a of which receives a plug 3a closing the housing 21a once the projectile has put it in place.
  • the container descends in part 231a into the groove 124a to reinforce the container and avoid its cutting by the flange 122a at the start of the blow without however interfering with the functioning of the projectile on its arrival on the objective at the time of impact.
  • the container 2a of generally cylindrical shape defines a housing 21a in which the projectile la is placed. This generally anti-aerodynamic shape allows the projectile to be braked and dropped quickly after it has traveled the relatively short distance provided.
  • the projectile 1 can also be integrated into the container 2 by injection or overmolding of the container on the projectile. The method is particularly advantageous for the embodiment of FIG. 5 because it avoids the production of two mold cores, one of which has a relatively complicated shape.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to ammunition which is characterised in that it consists of: a monobloc sub-calibre projectile (1) comprising a nose (11) at the front thereof and which extends backwards by means of a body (12) and a base (13); and an essentially-cylindrical container (2) with a cross-section corresponding to that of the barrel of the weapon, said container being made from a material having a low density in relation to that of the projectile (1) and being equipped with a housing (21) for said projectile. Moreover, the aforementioned container has an anti-aerodynamic outer shape, such that the ammunition accompanying the projectile (1) can be slowed down, with the projectile being released upon impact.

Description

« Munition » Domaine de l'invention La présente invention concerne une munition avec un projectile sous-calibré. II existe de multiples formes de telles munitions. La présente invention a pour but de développer une munition à projectile sous-calibré ou une gamme de munitions à projectiles sous-calibrés, économiques, permettant de freiner le projectile et de le faire basculer à un moment donné sur sa trajectoire pour lui éviter d'aller trop loin pour certains types d'utilisation, par exemple des interventions en zone urbaine. Exposé et avantages de l'invention A cet effet, l'invention concerne un projectile du type défini ci-dessus caractérisé en ce qu'elle comprend - un projectile sous-calibré, monobloc, ayant une pointe à l'avant se poursuivant vers l'arrière par un corps et une queue, - un conteneur globalement cylindrique, de section correspondant à celle du canon de l'arme, réalisé en une matière à faible densité par rapport à celle du projectile, avec un logement recevant le projectile et de forme extérieure anti-aérodynamique permettant de freiner la munition en accompagnant le projectile mais en le libérant à l'impact. Le projectile sous-calibré est avantageusement réalisé en acier ou en un assemblage alliage - cuivre ou un alliage de cuivre - tungstène. Il peut avoir un faible diamètre pour constituer un dard ou un dia- mètre plus grand augmentant jusqu'à un diamètre de projectile marteau. Ce projectile fait corps avec un conteneur en une matière à faible densité, en particulier une densité inférieure à 2,5. Cette matière est, par exemple, une matière plastique ou une pâte à papier plastifiée ou autre matière composite inerte. Cette matière peut contenir, comme additif, un agent lubrifiant, un agent opacifiant, pour visualiser la matière aux rayons X. De façon générale, le conteneur a une forme extérieure constante quel que soit le projectile sous-calibré qu'il reçoit. Cela signifie que cette munition peut être tirée avec une même arme quel que soit le projectile intégré dans le conteneur. Le conteneur a une partie avant (le fond) ou tête de faible épaisseur avec, de préférence, des zones de rupture qui facilitent son ouverture au moment de l'impact tout en restant solidaires du projectile sous-calibré sur toute la trajectoire jusqu'à l'arrivée sur l'impact. De façon avantageuse, le conteneur est formé de deux parties, une enveloppe constituant l'avant de la munition, recevant le projectile et un bouchon chevauchant la queue du projectile et fermant l'ouverture arrière de l'enveloppe en étant encastré dans cette ouverture. Suivant une autre caractéristique avantageuse, le conteneur est réalisé par injection ou surmoulage du projectile. Même s'il est possible de surmouler le conteneur sur le projectile, il est intéressant de réaliser celui-ci comme spécifié ci-dessus en deux parties, moulées, et qui se referment sur le projectile sous-calibré avec le bouchon après mise en place du projectile. De façon avantageuse, le conteneur laisse un espace libre à l'arrière du corps et de la queue du projectile pour permettre un déplacement du conteneur par rapport au projectile au départ du coup. Cet espace libre permet un mouvement relatif au moment du départ du coup. Ce mouvement relatif est utilisable de façon particulièrement avantageuse pour communiquer une impulsion de rotation à la munition et, en particulier, grâce à un corps de projectile rainure par des rainures ou des nervures inclinées par rapport à l'axe du projectile. Ces rainures / nervures peuvent suivre un tracé hélicoïdal avec un pas im- portant. Cet ensemble de rainures ou des nervures périphériques s'accroche dans la surface intérieure du conteneur et transforme une partie du mouvement de translation du conteneur au début de la trajectoire, après le départ du coup, par un effet de vissage sur le projectile encore immobile ; ce mouvement de vissage se fait sur la distance libre entre l'arrière du projectile et le fond du conteneur. De façon avantageuse, le bouchon est fixé à l'ouverture du conteneur par un enclipsage ou par des nervures périphériques. Suivant une autre caractéristique, la queue et, le cas échéant, le corps du projectile sont munis d'un perçage d'allégement réali- se dans l'axe pour déplacer le centre de gravité de l'ensemble conteneur - projectile vers l'avant. Pour limiter la portée du projectile, il est intéressant de réaliser dans la surface extérieure du conteneur, près de la partie arrière, une gorge périphérique constituant un déflecteur. Cette gorge peut également être remplacée par une répartition de cavités. Enfin pour éviter la formation d'un coussin d'air comprimé à l'intérieur du conteneur à l'avant du projectile, le conteneur comporte un perçage débouchant à l'extérieur. Cette communication peut également se faire par un méplat ou une rainure longitudinale sur le corps du projectile. Suivant une autre caractéristique, le projectile sous calibré comporte une collerette périphérique bordant sa pointe et se prolongeant par la partie cylindrique et la queue du projectile. Dessins La présente invention sera décrite ci-après de manière plus détaillée à l'aide de différents modes de réalisation représentés à échelle très agrandie dans les dessins annexés dans lesquels : - la figure 1 est une demi- vue en coupe axiale d'un premier mode de réalisation d'une munition selon l'invention, - la figure 2 est une demi-vue en coupe axiale d'une première variante de réalisation de la munition, - la figure 3 est une demi-vue en coupe axiale d'un autre mode de réali- sation de la munition concernant la forme du conteneur,Field of the Invention The present invention relates to ammunition with an under-calibrated projectile. There are multiple forms of such ammunition. The object of the present invention is to develop ammunition with an under-calibrated projectile or a range of ammunition with under-calibrated projectiles, economical, making it possible to brake the projectile and cause it to rock at a given moment on its trajectory to avoid it going too far for certain types of use, for example interventions in urban areas. Description and advantages of the invention To this end, the invention relates to a projectile of the type defined above, characterized in that it comprises - a sub-calibrated, monobloc projectile, having a point at the front continuing towards the rear by a body and a tail, - a generally cylindrical container, of section corresponding to that of the barrel of the weapon, made of a material with low density compared to that of the projectile, with a housing receiving the projectile and of shape anti-aerodynamic exterior allowing the ammunition to be braked by accompanying the projectile but releasing it on impact. The sub-calibrated projectile is advantageously made of steel or an alloy-copper assembly or a copper-tungsten alloy. It may have a small diameter to constitute a dart or a larger diameter increasing up to a diameter of a hammer projectile. This projectile is integral with a container made of a material with low density, in particular a density less than 2.5. This material is, for example, a plastic material or a plasticized paper pulp or other inert composite material. This material can contain, as an additive, a lubricating agent, an opacifying agent, to visualize the material by X-rays. In general, the container has a constant external shape whatever the sub-calibrated projectile that it receives. This means that this ammunition can be fired with the same weapon regardless of the projectile integrated into the container. The container has a thin front part (bottom) or head with, preferably, rupture zones which facilitate its opening at the time of impact while remaining integral with the sub-calibrated projectile over the entire trajectory up to arrival on impact. Advantageously, the container is formed of two parts, an envelope constituting the front of the ammunition, receiving the projectile and a plug straddling the tail of the projectile and closing the rear opening of the envelope by being embedded in this opening. According to another advantageous characteristic, the container is produced by injection or overmolding of the projectile. Even if it is possible to overmold the container on the projectile, it is interesting to make it as specified above in two parts, molded, and which close on the sub-calibrated projectile with the cap after placement. of the projectile. Advantageously, the container leaves a free space behind the body and the tail of the projectile to allow the container to move relative to the projectile at the start of the shot. This free space allows relative movement at the time of the start of the stroke. This relative movement can be used in a particularly advantageous manner to communicate a rotational impulse to the ammunition and, in particular, by virtue of a projectile body grooved by grooves or ribs inclined relative to the axis of the projectile. These grooves / ribs can follow a helical path with an important step. This set of grooves or peripheral ribs hooks into the interior surface of the container and transforms part of the translational movement of the container at the start of the trajectory, after the start of the shot, by a screwing effect on the still stationary projectile; this screwing movement takes place over the free distance between the rear of the projectile and the bottom of the container. Advantageously, the stopper is fixed to the opening of the container by clipping or by peripheral ribs. According to another characteristic, the tail and, where appropriate, the body of the projectile are provided with a realistic lightening bore in the axis to move the center of gravity of the container-projectile assembly forwards. . To limit the range of the projectile, it is advantageous to produce in the external surface of the container, near the rear part, a peripheral groove constituting a deflector. This groove can also be replaced by a distribution of cavities. Finally, to avoid the formation of a compressed air cushion inside the container at the front of the projectile, the container has a hole opening to the outside. This communication can also be done by a flat or a longitudinal groove on the body of the projectile. According to another characteristic, the sub-calibrated projectile comprises a peripheral flange bordering its point and extending by the cylindrical part and the tail of the projectile. Drawings The present invention will be described below in more detail using different embodiments shown on a greatly enlarged scale in the accompanying drawings in which: - Figure 1 is a half view in axial section of a first embodiment of a munition according to the invention, - Figure 2 is a half view in axial section of a first alternative embodiment of the ammunition, - Figure 3 is a half view in axial section of a another embodiment of the ammunition concerning the shape of the container,
- la figure 4 est une demi-vue en coupe d'un troisième mode de réalisation de la munition,FIG. 4 is a half-section view of a third embodiment of the munition,
- la figure 5 montre une demi-coupe d'une autre variante d'une munition selon l'invention. Description de modes de réalisation La figure 1 montre de façon générale et à échelle très agrandie un premier mode de réalisation d'une munition selon l'invention représentée suivant une demi-vue en coupe. Cette munition d'axe de symétrie XX se compose d'un projectile sous-calibré 1 monobloc et d'un conteneur 2. Le projectile 1 comprend à l'avant une pointe 11 puis un corps 12 correspondant à la partie de plus grand diamètre et l'ensemble se termine par une queue 13. Le corps 12 présente une zone avant tronconique 121 suivie d'une zone cylindrique 122 de grand diamètre et enfin d'une zone cylindrique de diamètre réduit 123. La queue 13 est de préfé- rence de forme tronconique, la petite base étant tournée vers l'arrière. Cette queue 13 rejoint le corps 12 par un décrochement. Le conteneur 2 qui reçoit le projectile 1 sous-calibré est une pièce réalisée en une matière de faible densité par rapport à celle du projectile 1. Alors que le projectile est de préférence en acier ou en un alliage de cuivre ou de cuivre-tungstène, le conteneur est une pièce en matière plastique moulée ou en une matière de ce type telle que de la pâte à papier, plastifiée pour ne pas être abrasive et bien glisser dans le canon de l'arme. Ce conteneur 2 de forme globalement cylindrique définit un loge- ment 21 dans lequel se place le projectile 1. Ce conteneur a une forme globalement anti-aérodynamique pour permettre de freiner le projectile et de le faire tomber rapidement après qu'il ait parcouru la distance relativement courte prévue. Le conteneur 2 se compose à l'avant d'une pointe 22, conique, à génératrice droite ou courbe qui se poursuit vers l'arrière par une première partie cylindrique 23 formée ici d'une structure annulaire à section en créneau, puis par une partie centrale 24 de diamètre réduit et vers l'arrière par une jupe 25 dont l'ouverture 26 reçoit un bouchon 3 fermant le logement 21 une fois le projectile 1 mis en place. Dans le cas d'un projectile sans pointe, le conteneur peut avoir un fond plat, voire concave, pour augmenter ses caractéristiques anti-aérodynamiques . L'assemblage du conteneur 2 et sa fermeture avec le bou- chon 3 se fait par une liaison de type labyrinthe ou à enclipsage constituée par le profil de l'ouverture 26. Ce profil est composé d'une succession d'arrondis, de manière à bien retenir le bouchon 3 dans le conteneur sans que le bouchon ne puisse avancer ou reculer. Le bouchon 3 de forme globalement tronconique, creuse, comporte dans sa partie avant une cavité tronconique 31 destinée à chevaucher la queue du projectile 11. Sous cette cavité 31 il y a un évidement 32 destiné à alléger le bouchon 3. L'ensemble constitué par le conteneur 2 et son bouchon 3 est de préférence symétrique en rotation par rapport à l'axe XX. Selon l'exemple représenté à la figure 1, la munition se réalise en fabriquant sé- parement l'enveloppe 2, son bouchon 3 et le projectile 1 puis en plaçant le projectile 1 dans l'enveloppe que l'on ferme avec le bouchon 3. Le bouchon est encastré dans la jupe 25 de l'enveloppe pour y être bien accroché et ne pas s'en séparer au départ du coup de façon que le conteneur 2 reste solidaire du projectile 11 jusqu'à l'arrivée sur l'impact. Selon la variante de réalisation de la figure 2 dans laquelle on utilisera les mêmes références que ci-dessus pour désigner les mêmes éléments, le projectile 1 comporte, au niveau de sa queue 13, et éventuellement de la partie arrière du corps 12, une cavité 14 de préférence cylindrique circulaire alignée sur l'axe XX. Cette cavité 14 qui peut avoir différentes profondeurs indiquées par les fonds 141, 142 ou 143 permet de modifier la position du centre de gravité du projectile 1 ou plus généralement de la munition c'est-à-dire l'ensemble constitué par le projectile 1 et le conteneur 2. En l'absence de cavité 14 le centre de gravité occupe la position Go ; si l'on réalise une première cavité jusqu'au fond 141, on fera avancer le centre de gravité jusqu'à la position Gl. Si l'on augmente la profondeur de la cavité jusqu'au fond 142 on aura déplacé le centre de gravité jusqu'au point G2 et enfin si l'on poursuit et agrandit la cavité 14 jusqu'au fond 143 le centre de gravité sera déplacé jusqu'au point G3. Cette modification de la position du centre de gravité permet avec une seule forme de projectile et une seule forme de conteneur, de réaliser une munition ayant des caractéristiques différentes c'est-à-dire dont la trajectoire, si la munition doit rapidement tomber, se terminera d'une manière plus ou moins brusque suivant la position du centre de gravité, si le projectile ne rencontre pas sa cible. La figure 3 montre une autre variante de réalisation de la munition selon l'invention. Cette variante se distingue des modes de réali- sation ci-dessus par une gorge 27 périphérique, réalisée à l'extrémité de la partie rétrécie 24 du conteneur 2 de manière à augmenter l'effet non aérodynamique du conteneur et de la munition. Dans ce cas également la partie avant 23 de l'enveloppe est remplacée par une partie pleine c'est-à-dire non nervurée 23'. Selon une variante non représentée, la gorge 27 peut également être remplacée par une répartition de cavités de section semblable mais qui ne communiquent pas, dans la direction périphérique de l'enveloppe. Les autres parties de cette munition sont les mêmes que dans les modes de réalisation précédents. La figure 4 montre une autre variante de l'invention. Dans cette variante, le projectile 1 a une longueur inférieure à celle du logement 21 du conteneur de façon à laisser subsister derrière la queue 13 un espace libre EL de hauteur Hl suivant l'axe XX. Il subsiste également dans ce cas un espace libre de hauteur H2 entre le bord supérieur 33 du bouchon 3 et la partie arrière 123 du corps du projectile 1 ou épaulement de cette partie arrière 123 du corps 12. Cet espace libre EL permet au départ du coup à l'enveloppe 2 d'avancer par rapport au projectile 1 avant que celui-ci ne soit lui-même propulsé. Ce mouvement initial, indépendant peut être mis à profit pour communiquer une impulsion de rotation à la munition. Pour cela il est avantageux que la partie 122 du corps 12 comporte des rainures / nervures 125 inclinées par rapport à l'axe XX et se présentant notamment suivant des segments d'hélice. Cette partie 122 peut coopérer avec la surface intérieure 28 du logement 21 du conteneur 2 pour « engrener » avec cette surface et produire un mouvement de rotation relative du fait de l'avancée de l'enveloppe 2 par rapport au projectile 1 sur une distance correspondant sensiblement à la hauteur Hl de l'espace li- bre EL ; hauteur qui est inférieure à la hauteur H2 entre le bord 33 du bouchon 3 et l'épaulement entre la partie arrière 123 du corps 12 et la queue 13. La partie rainurée 122 peut être formée par des nervures c'est-à-dire des éléments en relief ou par des rainures c'est-à-dire des parties en creux. Dans le cas de ces modes de réalisation, le projectile 1 est, de préférence, enfoncé de force dans le logement 21 du conteneur 2. Les différentes caractéristiques des modes de réalisation des figures 1 à 4 peuvent être combinées. C'est ainsi qu'en plus de l'espace libre EL à l'arrière de la queue 13 du projectile 11 de la figure 4, cette queue et une partie du corps peuvent avoir un evidement 14 pour déplacer le centre de gravité. La surface extérieure du conteneur peut également être modifiée et correspondre à l'une des variantes telle que celles représentées à la figure 3 ou à la figure 4. La figure 5 montre un quatrième mode de réalisation d'une munition selon l'invention représentée suivant une demi-vue en coupe. Cette munition d'axe de symétrie XX se compose d'un projectile sous- calibré la monobloc et d'un conteneur 2a. Le projectile la comprend à l'avant une pointe l ia puis un corps 12a correspondant à la partie de plus grand diamètre et l'ensemble se termine par une queue 13a. Le corps 12a présente une zone avant tronconique 121a bordée par une collerette cylindrique 122a et enfin d'une zone cylindrique 123a. La queue 13a est de préférence de forme tronconique, la petite base étant tournée vers l'arrière. La collerette 122a de forme effilée vers l'avant rejoint la vase de la pointe l ia par une gorge 124a à fond éventuellement arrondi mais constituant néanmoins une amorce de rupture à l'impact permettant à la collerette de se détacher selon la ligne de rupture 125a indiquée schéma- tiquement et permettant une éventuelle fragmentation à l'impact. Cette collerette 124a peut être continue ou discontinue en périphérie. Le conteneur 2a qui reçoit le projectile la sous-calibré est une pièce réalisée en une matière de faible densité par rapport à celle du projectile la. Le projectile est de préférence en acier ou en un alliage de cuivre ou de cuivre-tungstène. Le conteneur est en matière plastique moulée ou en une matière de ce type telle que de la pâte à papier, plastifiée pour ne pas être abrasive et bien glisser dans le canon de l'arme. Le conteneur 2a se compose à l'avant d'une pointe 22a, co- nique, à génératrice courbe qui se poursuit vers l'arrière par une première partie cylindrique 23a formée d'une structure annulaire à section en créneau, puis par une partie centrale 24a de diamètre réduit et vers l'arrière par une jupe 25a dont l'ouverture 26a reçoit un bouchon 3a fermant le logement 21a une fois le projectile la mis en place. A la jonction entre la pointe 22a et la partie cylindrique 23a, le conteneur descend en partie 231a dans la gorge 124a pour renforcer le conteneur et éviter son découpage par la collerette 122a au départ du coup sans toutefois gêner le fonctionnement du projectile à son arrivée sur l'objectif au moment de l'impact. Le conteneur 2a de forme globalement cylindrique définit un logement 21a dans lequel se place le projectile la. Cette forme globalement anti-aérodynamique permet de freiner le projectile et de le faire tomber rapidement après qu'il ait parcouru la distance relativement courte prévue. II est à remarquer que le projectile 1 peut également être intégré au conteneur 2 par injection ou surmoulage du conteneur sur le projectile. Le procédé est particulièrement intéressant pour le mode de réalisation de la figure 5 car il évite la réalisation de deux noyaux de moule dont l'un a une forme relativement compliquée. En car d'injection, la partie 231a qui descend dans la gorge- Figure 5 shows a half-section of another variant of a munition according to the invention. Description of embodiments FIG. 1 shows in general and on a very enlarged scale a first embodiment of a munition according to the invention shown in a half-view in section. This munition with axis of symmetry XX consists of a sub-calibrated projectile 1 in one piece and of a container 2. The projectile 1 comprises at the front a point 11 then a body 12 corresponding to the part of larger diameter and the assembly ends in a tail 13. The body 12 has a frustoconical front area 121 followed by a cylindrical area 122 of large diameter and finally a cylindrical area of reduced diameter 123. The tail 13 is preferably frustoconical shape, the small base being turned towards the rear. This tail 13 joins the body 12 by a step. The container 2 which receives the sub-calibrated projectile 1 is a part made of a material of low density compared to that of the projectile 1. While the projectile is preferably made of steel or a copper or copper-tungsten alloy, the container is a piece of molded plastic or of a material of this type such as pulp, plasticized so as not to be abrasive and to slide well into the barrel of the weapon. This container 2 of generally cylindrical shape defines a housing ment 21 in which the projectile 1 is placed. This container has a generally anti-aerodynamic shape to allow the projectile to be braked and to drop it quickly after it has traveled the relatively short distance provided. The container 2 is made up at the front of a conical point 22, with a straight or curved generator which continues rearwards by a first cylindrical part 23 formed here of an annular structure with a crenellated section, then by a central part 24 of reduced diameter and towards the rear by a skirt 25, the opening 26 of which receives a plug 3 closing the housing 21 once the projectile 1 has been put in place. In the case of a pointless projectile, the container may have a flat, even concave, bottom to increase its anti-aerodynamic characteristics. The container 2 is assembled and closed with the plug 3 by a labyrinth or snap-on type connection formed by the profile of the opening 26. This profile is composed of a succession of roundings, so to retain the plug 3 well in the container without the plug being able to move forward or backward. The plug 3 of generally frustoconical shape, hollow, has in its front part a frustoconical cavity 31 intended to overlap the tail of the projectile 11. Under this cavity 31 there is a recess 32 intended to lighten the plug 3. The assembly constituted by the container 2 and its cap 3 is preferably symmetrical in rotation relative to the axis XX. According to the example represented in FIG. 1, the ammunition is produced by separately manufacturing the envelope 2, its plug 3 and the projectile 1 then by placing the projectile 1 in the envelope which is closed with the plug 3 The plug is embedded in the skirt 25 of the casing so as to be firmly attached to it and not to separate from it at the start of the blow so that the container 2 remains integral with the projectile 11 until arrival on impact . According to the alternative embodiment of FIG. 2 in which the same references will be used as above to designate the same elements, the projectile 1 comprises, at its tail 13, and possibly the rear part of the body 12, a cavity 14 preferably circular cylindrical aligned on the axis XX. This cavity 14 which can have different depths indicated by the funds 141, 142 or 143 makes it possible to modify the position of the center of gravity of the projectile 1 or more generally of the ammunition, that is to say the assembly constituted by the projectile 1 and container 2. In the absence of cavity 14 the center of gravity occupies the position Go; if a first cavity is made up to the bottom 141, the center of gravity will be advanced to the position Gl. If we increase the depth of the cavity to the bottom 142 we will have moved the center of gravity to point G2 and finally if we continue and enlarge the cavity 14 to the bottom 143 the center of gravity will be moved to point G3. This modification of the position of the center of gravity allows with a single form of projectile and a single form of container, to produce an ammunition having different characteristics, that is to say whose trajectory, if the ammunition must fall quickly, will end in a more or less abrupt manner depending on the position of the center of gravity, if the projectile does not meet its target. Figure 3 shows another alternative embodiment of the ammunition according to the invention. This variant differs from the above embodiments by a peripheral groove 27 produced at the end of the narrowed part 24 of the container 2 so as to increase the non-aerodynamic effect of the container and of the ammunition. In this case also the front part 23 of the envelope is replaced by a solid part, that is to say a non-ribbed part 23 ′. According to a variant not shown, the groove 27 can also be replaced by a distribution of cavities of similar section but which do not communicate, in the peripheral direction of the envelope. The other parts of this ammunition are the same as in the previous embodiments. Figure 4 shows another variant of the invention. In this variant, the projectile 1 has a length less than that of the housing 21 of the container so as to leave behind the tail 13 a free space EL of height Hl along the axis XX. There also remains in this case a free space of height H2 between the upper edge 33 of the plug 3 and the rear part 123 of the body of the projectile 1 or shoulder of this rear part 123 of the body 12. This free space EL allows the start of the shot the envelope 2 to advance relative to the projectile 1 before the latter is itself propelled. This initial, independent movement can be used to communicate a rotational impulse to the munition. For this it is advantageous that the part 122 of the body 12 has grooves / ribs 125 inclined with respect to the axis XX and having in particular along helix segments. This party 122 can cooperate with the inner surface 28 of the housing 21 of the container 2 to "mesh" with this surface and produce a relative rotational movement due to the advancement of the envelope 2 relative to the projectile 1 over a distance corresponding substantially to the height Hl free space EL; height which is less than the height H2 between the edge 33 of the plug 3 and the shoulder between the rear part 123 of the body 12 and the tail 13. The grooved part 122 can be formed by ribs, that is to say elements in relief or by grooves, that is to say hollow parts. In the case of these embodiments, the projectile 1 is preferably forced into the housing 21 of the container 2. The different characteristics of the embodiments of Figures 1 to 4 can be combined. Thus, in addition to the free space EL at the rear of the tail 13 of the projectile 11 of FIG. 4, this tail and a part of the body can have a recess 14 to move the center of gravity. The outer surface of the container can also be modified and correspond to one of the variants such as those represented in FIG. 3 or in FIG. 4. FIG. 5 shows a fourth embodiment of a munition according to the invention represented according to a half section view. This munition with axis of symmetry XX consists of a sub-calibrated projectile of the monoblock and of a container 2a. The projectile la comprises at the front a point l ia then a body 12a corresponding to the part of larger diameter and the assembly ends in a tail 13a. The body 12a has a frustoconical front area 121a bordered by a cylindrical collar 122a and finally a cylindrical area 123a. The tail 13a is preferably of frustoconical shape, the small base being turned towards the rear. The flange 122a of tapered shape towards the front joins the vase of the tip l ia by a groove 124a with a possibly rounded bottom but nevertheless constituting a rupture initiation on impact allowing the flange to detach along the line of rupture 125a indicated diagrammatically and allowing possible fragmentation on impact. This flange 124a can be continuous or discontinuous at the periphery. The container 2a which receives the sub-calibrated projectile is a part made of a material of low density compared to that of the projectile la. The projectile is preferably made of steel or an alloy of copper or copper-tungsten. The container is made of molded plastic or of a material of this type such as pulp, plasticized so as not to be abrasive and to slide well into the barrel of the weapon. The container 2a is made up at the front of a conical point 22a, with curved generator which continues rearwards by a first cylindrical part 23a formed of an annular structure with a crenellated section, then by a part central 24a of reduced diameter and towards the rear by a skirt 25a, the opening 26a of which receives a plug 3a closing the housing 21a once the projectile has put it in place. At the junction between the tip 22a and the cylindrical part 23a, the container descends in part 231a into the groove 124a to reinforce the container and avoid its cutting by the flange 122a at the start of the blow without however interfering with the functioning of the projectile on its arrival on the objective at the time of impact. The container 2a of generally cylindrical shape defines a housing 21a in which the projectile la is placed. This generally anti-aerodynamic shape allows the projectile to be braked and dropped quickly after it has traveled the relatively short distance provided. It should be noted that the projectile 1 can also be integrated into the container 2 by injection or overmolding of the container on the projectile. The method is particularly advantageous for the embodiment of FIG. 5 because it avoids the production of two mold cores, one of which has a relatively complicated shape. By injection car, the part 231a which descends into the throat
124a s enfonce plus ou moins, formant un coin intéressant pour la stabilité au départ du coup et aussi pour la fragmentation à l'impact. Enfin la réalisation telle que décrite ci-dessus avec un conteneur réalisé au préalable avec son logement et son bouchon, constitue une solution très économique car la réalisation de la munition se fait simplement par la mise en place du projectile dans l'enveloppe puis le scellement de l'enveloppe par le bouchon. 124a sinks more or less, forming an interesting corner for stability at the start of the shot and also for fragmentation on impact. Finally, the production as described above with a container produced beforehand with its housing and its stopper, constitutes a very economical solution because the production of the ammunition is done simply by placing the projectile in the envelope and then sealing it. of the envelope by the cap.

Claims

R E V E N D I C A T I O N S 1°) Munition, caractérisée en ce qu' elle comprend - un projectile sous-calibré (1), monobloc, ayant une pointe (11) à l'avant se poursuivant vers l'arrière par un corps (12) et une queue (13), - un conteneur (2) globalement cylindrique, de section correspondant à celle du canon de l'arme, réalisé en une matière à faible densité par rapport à celle du projectile (1), avec un logement (21) recevant le pro- jectile et de forme extérieure anti-aérodynamique permettant de freiner la munition en accompagnant le projectile (1) mais en le libérant à l'impact. 1 °) CLAIMS Ammunition, characterized in that it comprises - a sub-calibrated projectile (1), monobloc, having a point (11) at the front continuing towards the rear by a body (12) and a tail (13), - a generally cylindrical container (2), of section corresponding to that of the barrel of the weapon, made of a material with low density compared to that of the projectile (1), with a housing (21) receiving the projectile and anti-aerodynamic exterior shape allowing the ammunition to be braked by accompanying the projectile (1) but releasing it on impact.
2°) Munition selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le conteneur (2) est formé de deux parties, une enveloppe (22, 23, 24, 25) constituant l'avant de la munition, recevant le projectile (1) et un bouchon (3) chevauchant la queue (13) du projectile (1) et fermant l'ouverture arrière (26) de l'enveloppe en étant encastré dans cette ouverture.2) ammunition according to claim 1, characterized in that the container (2) is formed of two parts, an envelope (22, 23, 24, 25) constituting the front of the ammunition, receiving the projectile (1) and a plug (3) straddling the tail (13) of the projectile (1) and closing the rear opening (26) of the envelope by being embedded in this opening.
3°) Munition selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le conteneur (2) laisse un espace libre (EL) à l'arrière du corps (12) et de la queue (13) du projectile (1) pour permettre un déplacement du conteneur (2) par rapport au projectile (1) au départ du coup.3 °) Ammunition according to claim 1, characterized in that the container (2) leaves a free space (EL) behind the body (12) and the tail (13) of the projectile (1) to allow movement of the container (2) relative to the projectile (1) at the start of the shot.
4°) Munition selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que le corps (12) a une surface extérieure rainurée par des rainures / nervures (125) inclinées par rapport à l'axe (XX) du projectile, notamment suivant un tracé hélicoïdal, pour communiquer une impulsion de rotation à la munition au départ du coup par la translation initiale du conteneur (2) par rapport au projectile (1).4 °) Ammunition according to claim 3, characterized in that the body (12) has an outer surface grooved by grooves / ribs (125) inclined relative to the axis (XX) of the projectile, in particular along a helical line, to communicate a rotational pulse to the ammunition at the start of the shot by the initial translation of the container (2) relative to the projectile (1).
5°) Munition selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la queue (13) et, le cas échéant, le corps (12) du projectile (1) sont munis d'un perçage d'allégement (14) réalisé dans l'axe (XX) pour déplacer le centre de gravité (G) de l'ensemble conteneur - projectile vers l'avant.5 °) Ammunition according to claim 1, characterized in that the tail (13) and, where appropriate, the body (12) of the projectile (1) are provided with a lightening bore (14) made in the axis (XX) to move the center of gravity (G) container assembly - projectile forward.
6°) Munition selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la surface extérieure du conteneur (2) comporte une gorge périphérique (27) au niveau de sa partie arrière pour former un déflecteur.6 °) Ammunition according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer surface of the container (2) has a peripheral groove (27) at its rear part to form a deflector.
7°) Munition selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la surface extérieure du conteneur (2) comporte une répartition périphérique de cavités au niveau de l'arrière du conteneur pour former un déflecteur.7 °) Ammunition according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer surface of the container (2) has a peripheral distribution of cavities at the rear of the container to form a deflector.
8°) Munition selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que l'avant du conteneur présente au moins un perçage pour l'évacuation de l'air de l'intérieur du conteneur lorsqu'on y enfonce le projectile.8 °) Ammunition according to claim 1, characterized in that the front of the container has at least one bore for the evacuation of air from the interior of the container when the projectile is inserted therein.
9°) Munition selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le conteneur est réalisé par injection ou surmoulage du projectile (1, la).9 °) Ammunition according to claim 1, characterized in that the container is produced by injection or overmolding of the projectile (1, la).
10°) Munition selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le projectile sous calibré (la) comporte une collerette (122a) périphérique bordant sa pointe (l ia) et se prolongeant par la partie cylindrique (123a) et la queue (13a) du projectile. 10 °) Ammunition according to claim 1, characterized in that the sub-calibrated projectile (la) comprises a peripheral flange (122a) bordering its point (l ia) and extending by the cylindrical part (123a) and the tail (13a) of the projectile.
PCT/FR2004/050610 2003-11-25 2004-11-23 Ammunition WO2005052497A1 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0313841 2003-11-25
FR0313841A FR2862750A1 (en) 2003-11-25 2003-11-25 Munition comprises sub-caliber projectile inside cylindrical container of low-density material with anti-aerodynamic outer shape
FR0452553 2004-11-08
FR0452553A FR2863046B1 (en) 2003-11-25 2004-11-08 AMMUNITION

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2948756A3 (en) * 2009-08-03 2011-02-04 Jean Pierre Denis PROJECTILE COMPRISING A METAL CORE FOR FIREARMS

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT363821B (en) * 1978-12-15 1981-09-10 Hirtenberger Patronen FIREARMS STOCK
FR2627854A1 (en) * 1988-02-29 1989-09-01 Denis Jean Pierre AMMUNITION FOR FIREARMS, IN PARTICULAR HUNTING MUNITION
FR2726357A1 (en) * 1994-10-26 1996-05-03 Sauvestre Jean Claude TELESCOPED BOOM HUNTING BALL, COMPRISING A SUB-PROJECTILE ASSOCIATED WITH A LAUNCHER
FR2817357A1 (en) * 2000-11-24 2002-05-31 Thomson Licensing Sa DEVICE FOR OPTICAL SWITCHING OF RADIATION COMPRISING A SURFACE WITH RADIATION GUIDES OF WHICH THE TWO SMALLEST DIMENSIONS ARE LESS THAN THE WAVELENGTHS OF THIS RADIATION

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT363821B (en) * 1978-12-15 1981-09-10 Hirtenberger Patronen FIREARMS STOCK
FR2627854A1 (en) * 1988-02-29 1989-09-01 Denis Jean Pierre AMMUNITION FOR FIREARMS, IN PARTICULAR HUNTING MUNITION
FR2726357A1 (en) * 1994-10-26 1996-05-03 Sauvestre Jean Claude TELESCOPED BOOM HUNTING BALL, COMPRISING A SUB-PROJECTILE ASSOCIATED WITH A LAUNCHER
FR2817357A1 (en) * 2000-11-24 2002-05-31 Thomson Licensing Sa DEVICE FOR OPTICAL SWITCHING OF RADIATION COMPRISING A SURFACE WITH RADIATION GUIDES OF WHICH THE TWO SMALLEST DIMENSIONS ARE LESS THAN THE WAVELENGTHS OF THIS RADIATION

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