WO2005047695A1

WO2005047695A1 - Improved turbine

Info

Publication number: WO2005047695A1
Application number: PCT/IT2004/000215
Authority: WO
Inventors: Alessandro Leghi
Original assignee: Alessandro Leghi
Priority date: 2003-11-13
Filing date: 2004-04-15
Publication date: 2005-05-26
Also published as: ITTO20030901A1

Abstract

A turbine (T) is disclosed comprising: at least one motor (M, Mp, Mi); at least one means (A, C, Pm) for supplying power (P) of the alternator or compressor type; a central shaft (9); at least one fixed wheel (3); at least one power wheel (5) coaxial with the fixed wheel (3) that rotates by means of the motor ( M, Mp, Mi); at least one power reducing wheel (7) coaxial with the wheels (3, 5) and adapted to reduce the power (P) on the means (A, C, Pm) for supplying power (P).

Description

IMPROVED TURBINE

This invention refers to an improved turbine. There are various types of turbines, with various levels of efficiency, and the turbine referred to in this invention aims to greatly improve them. Object of this invention is to produce a turbine which, for the same rating, provides a greater power than that necessary for the connected loads, and this power may be used for other purposes. The fundamental concept of the turbine object of this invention, with reference to Fig. 2, is that by providing an arm (d) to the power P of an electric or pneumatic or hydraulic motor, and then reducing it on a lower arm (d/i) , it is possible to obtain, on an alternator (A in Fig. 2) or on a compressor (C in Fig. 10) , or on an assembly composed of a pump and a tank (Pm in Fig. 13), a power of P*i. A power is obtained which is multiplied by a factor greater than 1: once the start-up and holding frictions are overcome, a power is obtained which is greater than that necessary to drive the motor or the motors. This excess power may be transformed into electrical, pneumatic, hydraulic, movement or heat energy (by means of a supply line L in Fig. 2 which brings about the consumption of excess power) . Once it is started, the turbine produces more power than that necessary for the movement and supply without the use of conventional or natural energy sources, with an environmental impact which is practically nil or capable of being removed. The above-mentioned and other objects and advantages of the invention, which are presented in the following description, are reached with an improved turbine such as •the one described in claim 1. Preferred embodiments and important variations of this invention are covered by the relative claims. This invention will be described in greater detail by various preferred embodiments, which are provided by way of an example and are not restrictive, with reference to the attached drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the fundamental principle on which the turbine object of this invention is based; Fig. 2 is a schematic view similar to Fig. 1, applied to the turbine object of this invention; Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a preferred embodiment of the turbine object of this invention, in its electrical version; Fig. 4 is a side view of the arrangement of the wheels and pulleys of the turbine in Fig. 3; Figs. 5 to 7 illustrate various configurations of the turbine wheels; Fig. 8 is a detail of Fig. 7; Fig. 9 is a side view of the wheel in Fig. 7; Fig. 10 is a schematic view of a preferred embodiment of the turbine object of this invention, in its pneumatic version; Fig. 11 is a schematic view of a possible application of a plurality of inventive turbines in cascade sequence; Fig. 12 is a schematic view of another possible application of the turbine, in a "windmill" version; Fig. 13 is a schematic view of a preferred embodiment of the turbine of the present invention, in its hydraulic version; Fig. 14 is a schematic view of another possible application of the turbine, in a version with many shafts with a forced pendulum state. The above-mentioned figures illustrate a preferred, but not limiting embodiment of the improved turbine object of this invention. Descriptions are given below for the three electric, pneumatic and hydraulic versions of the turbine, but it is evident that it may be effectively applied to any other type of turbine or to other versions equivalent to the types described. With reference firstly to Fig. 1, a brief description is given of the physical principles on which the turbine invention is based. By providing an arm d to the optimum power of a drive element As (just like a donkey moved a millstone in times gone by) , and then reducing this power on a lower arm (d/i) , a passive power P = P (As) * i is obtained in the absence of friction. The passive power (on the millstone M, for example) will be slightly slower, but in balanced and ideal conditions from a numerical point of view, it is as if this passive power were equal to P * i (donkeys) , where i is a power multiplier. Dynamically speaking, the millstone M only moves if one of these donkeys is slightly less powerful than the others, otherwise there would be a balanced situation and the millstone M would not move. In practice, for example, in order to contrast the optimum power of a donkey As over a distance d reduced by an arm equal to 1/3 d, 3 donkeys As would be needed with a power equal to the single one. If there were a way to launch the donkey As and afterwards to make one of the three obtained at distance d/i work at a distance d detaching the launching donkey, two donkeys would be spare and could produce more energy. This basic concept has given rise to the inventive idea of a turbine which, once it is running, powers itself, and has an environmental impact that is practically nil , or adapted to be removed. The advantage of the improved turbine is its "localisation" in "small production units" for the production of energy, not merely electrical but also pneumatic, hydraulic, movement and heat energy; it would therefore no longer be necessary to , localise and centralise the energy production, that will be located at the end user's premises with only the cost of implementation and maintenance of the level of efficiency. On the contrary, even white goods and any other machine with a traditional motor can be equipped with any type of inventive turbine, and, once being turned on, they are self-supplying without energy supply from outside: it would be possible to have a cellular phone that is turned on with a small blow, a handle-operated washing machine, an air motor vehicle, a ship that moves only due to the presence of "water in a quiet state" through one or more inventive hydraulic turbines, etc. Conceptually, this turbine may also operate with a combustion engine, even if this is not its most efficient application. From the formula P = P(As) * i and then from the power multiplication, it can be demonstrated that this is an energy multiplication: n* m n'*m

Kg * g* m _ Ks'*e* m *i

The multiplication of mass kilograms per square meter on square second represents the measuring unit of energy for which it is obtained that: E/S = E(As) * i/S or => millstone mass * g * V = mass (As) * g * V * d/(d/i) This demonstrates that the previous formula can be summarised as follows: "...if there is a motor whose energy is equivalent to the displacement of a mass in a rotating system with inventive turbine ad a certain speed (V ) and at a distance d from its shaft, with fractions of distance d/i a greater energy is intercepted, namely multiplied by i and that proceeds with speed V...". Figs. 2 to 9 illustrate a first preferred embodiment of the turbine of the present invention, in its electrical version. Comparing Fig. 2 with Fig. 1, the donkey As is replaced by an electrical motor M which exerts its optimum power P in the "furrow" of the soil, and an acceleration is provided which provides power P * i at the alternator A. The acceleration and, therefore, the starting up of the electric motor M can be achieved by the electricity mains supply, or, even better, by a renewable, environmentally-friendly source, such as the sun (electricity) , water (electricity) , a storage tank of manually compressed air, animals, etc. The millstone M, with^" passive power, is therefore replaced by an alternator A with a maximum power of P * i. Alternator A is electrically connected to electric motor M to enable its supply after it is switched on. After this, the acceleration is provided and the electric motor M is switched on until it reaches its speed maximum, discharging a power of P * i on the alternator A. Once the power of the alternator has been determined, the external power supply to motor M is intercepted and, simultaneously, the motor M is supplied from the alternator A. If this makes everything ineffective, it will be necessary to set up two turbines in parallel, so that one supplies the other. Of the power P*i exerted on the alternator A, IP is needed to supply the electric motor M and (P * i - IP - friction) may be used as an electrical source and, therefore, transformed into movement, electric, hydraulic, pneumatic or heat energy. In order to achieve the above operation, it is fundamental that, by means of suitable mechanical and electric measures, the revs/second of the shafts of motor M, turbine T and alternator A are made effective and correlated. Once the motor M is switched on, its power P is discharged onto the alternator A, producing a power Pi = P * i. The electrical connection between the alternator A and motor M is such that IP may supply the motor M whilst almost (P * i - P) may be used for other purposes. A valid support of the electric type that can surely be helpful for impart the correct speed/s to the alternator is supplying the electric motor with an inverter; in this case, by operating with a correct design, different speeds can be imparted to the alternator, till the optimum one is reached, also operating through the inverter on the number of revolutions per second of the electric motor pulley. In this case different speed can ^■ be imparted to turbine and reduction wheel and consequently to the alternator pulley. It goes without saying that, instead of putting a single motor M, it is possible to place and switch-on in a sequence many motors M placed on the same or on other power wheels, without departing from the scope of the present invention. When the turbine T is at steady speed, it is able to supply itself and produce more than it consumes, which may be used for electrical energy, movement energy, hydraulic energy, heat- and cold-generating thermal energy, pneumatic energy, etc. It must be noted that, in addition to the electric version, there could be pneumatic and hydraulic versions of the inventive turbine. In the pneumatic version, instead of an electrical motor M, there is a pneumatic motor, and a compressor may be used instead of alternator A; the pneumatic motor "compresses" a product of pressure x volume in a unit of time greater than that consumed by the compressed-air motor. In the hydraulic version, instead of an electrical motor M, there is a hydraulic motor, and, instead of alternator A, there is a pump that compresses a liquid (for example water) in a tank; the hydraulic motor "compresses" a product of pressure x volume in a unit of time greater than that consumed by the hydraulic motor. Fig. 3 shows a schematic view of the turbine T object of this invention. It consists essentially of a support structure 1 (preferably metal) which holds the motor M and a central shaft 9 fixed to it by supports 11, 13. A fixed wheel 3 (connected to motor M by a pulley 4), a power wheel 5 (which rotates on shaft 9 by means of the electric motor M) and a power reduction wheel 7 on alternator A, (to which such wheel 7 is connected by a belt 15 and a pulley 16) are fixed coaxially to the central shaft 9. There is also a power supply line 17 to the motor M, as well as lines (not illustrated) to supply energy for consumption downstream of alternator A. In this version the reduction wheel 7 is connected to the pulley 16 of alternator A through a belt, this latter one applying a toothed reduction wheel, and a toothed pulley on the alternator can be replaced by a chain. It is obvious that the connection between reduction wheel and alternator pulley could also be direct or through fixed toothed shafts. Figs. 5 to 7 illustrate possible preferred embodiments of the wheels of the inventive turbine T; Fig. 5 illustrates the fixed wheel 3 which is the "full" configuration, whilst Fig. 6 shows the power wheel 5 with circular openings 18 and 20 to discharge the weight, in a similar way to Fig. 7 which shows the reduction wheel 7 with openings 22. In an alternative embodiment, the power wheel 5 can be replaced by a local support structure and supporting only the motor/s and secured to the central shaft 9. As shown in Fig. 8, the outside edges of the reduction wheel 7 also have threaded holes 24 to hold threaded bars 26 (Fig. 9) for housing the belt for connection to the alternator A: this will enable transmission of various powers and speeds to pulley 15 of alternator A, depending on which of the threaded holes 24 the bars 26 are fitted in. With reference now to Fig. 4, a numerical example is given which provides details of the improvements to the turbine T covered by this invention; in the example, the ^• chance of being able to supply the electric motor from inverter will not be taken into account, since it goes without saying that this is an electric improvement that allows improving and replacing (without performing mechanical modifications) with a higher accuracy to those that could be the speed losses on the alternator pulley due to inertia and friction with respect to design data. It will be extremely important to transmit the correct speed to the shaft of alternator A and discharge the maximum power onto it. For this reason, it is necessary to plan various solutions that allow different power to be discharged onto alternator A even at different speeds. With reference to Fig. 4, the diameter of the pulley 4 has been set at 9 cm, whilst the diameter of fixed wheel 3 has been set at 105 cm. The diameters of wheel 7 are 30 cm, 35 cm and 40 cm, respectively, and pulley 16 on alternator A varies from 20 mm to 40 mm. The characteristics of the motor are: power 2HP = 1,472 W, consumption 9.2A, revs = 2,820 revs/min = 47 revs/sec. The pulley 4 runs the following length 1 in one second: L = 9cm = 3.14 * 47 revs/sec = 1,328.22 cm/s The shaft 9 of turbine T completes the following revolutions in one second: 1,328/105 * 3.14 = 4 revs/sec Starting from a power of 1,472 W on pulley 4, with a distance d = 105/2 + 4.5 = 57 cm, gives a power of 1,472 * 57/15 = 5,593.6 W on wheel 7 with a diameter of 30 cm, a power of 1,472 * 57/17.5 = 4,794.5 W on wheel 7 with a diameter of 35cm and a power of 1,472 * 57/20 = 4,195.2 W on wheel 7 with a diameter of 40cm. With regard to the combination between power reduction wheel 7 and alternator A to transmit the correct speed onto alternator A, the calculations are given below for three different diameters of wheel 7 to obtain different speeds: a) wheel diameter = 30 cm power = 5,593.6 W at ideal speed circumference of wheel 7 = 30 * 3.14 = 94.2 cm alternator pulley 16, diameter 20 revs/sec of alternator shaft = 94.2 * 4/(2 * 3.14) = 60 revs/sec alternator pulley 16, diameter 25 revs/sec of alternator shaft = 94.2 * 4/(2.5 * 3.14) = 48 revs/sec alternator pulley 16, diameter 30 revs/sec of alternator shaft = 94.2 * 4/(3 * 3.14) = 40 revs/sec b) wheel diameter = 35 cm power = 4,794.5 W at ideal speed circumference of wheel 7 = 35 * 3.14 = 109.9 cm alternator pulley 16, diameter 30 revs/sec of alternator shaft = 109.9 * 4/(3 * 3.14) =

46.6 revs/sec alternator pulley 16, diameter 35 revs/sec of alternator shaft = 109.9 * 4/(3.5 * 3.14) =

40 revs/sec alternator pulley 16, diameter 25 revs/sec of alternator shaft = 109.9 * 4/(2.5 * 3.14) =

56 revs/sec c) wheel diameter = 40 cm power = 4,195.2 W at ideal speed circumference of wheel 7 = 40 * 3.14 = 125.6 cm alternator pulley 16, diameter 30 revs/sec of alternator shaft = 125.6 * 4/(3 * 3.14) =

53.3 revs/sec alternator pulley 16, diameter 35 revs/sec of alternator shaft = 125.6 * 4/(3.5 * 3.14) =

45.7 revs/sec alternator pulley 16, diameter 40 revs/sec of alternator shaft = 125.6 * 4/(4 * 3.14) = 40 revs/sec From what is pointed out above, by keeping the mechanical part unchanged and by assembling, on the power unit, four 1500-W 3000-revs/second motors supplied by an inverter, it would be manageable to push an alternator at about 25 KW at 1500 revs/second. With reference to Fig. 10, the pneumatic version of the turbine T of the present invention is shown, in its preferred but not limiting embodiment. The same references of Figs. 2 to 9 are used in Fig. 10 to indicate components similar to or with similar methods of operation as the previous ones. Fig. 10 shows a compressed-air motor Mp instead of the previous electric motor, and there is also a compressor C instead of the alternator A. It is, therefore, obviously necessary to provide suitable connections and adequate power supplies (which are not illustrated since they are well known to experts in the sector) . In this case, the power of the compressed-air motor Mp will be P = pressure * volume of air consumed in time unit s. The power on the compressor will be equal to (pressure * volume of air consumed) /s * d / d/i = (pressure * volume of air consumed) /s * i, and, as before, the power in excess of the consumption of motor Mp will be used, as described previously. In this case, too, the potential of the turbine T is very great: once it is started (by, for example, the air of the compressor, which may even be compressed manually) the turbine T works on air and compresses more air in the time unit than that consumed by the motor Mp. With reference to Figure 13, the hydraulic version of the turbine T of the present invention is shown, in its preferred but not limiting embodiment. The same references of Figs. 2 to 9 are used in Fig. 13 to indicate components similar to or with similar methods of operation as the previous ones. Fig. 13 shows a hydraulic motor Mi instead of the previous electric motor, and there is also a means Pm for providing power P composed of a pump 52 that compresses a liquid (for example water) contained in a tank 54, instead of the alternator A (in Figure 11 the tank has been represented near the pump and submersed, but it is evident that it can be detached from the pump and placed in a different position through connection with the pump itself) . It is, therefore, obviously necessary to provide suitable connections and adequate power supplies (which are not illustrated since they are well known to experts in the sector) . In this case, the power of the hydraulic motor Mi will be P = pressure * volume of air consumed in time unit s. The power on the pump will be equal to (pressure * volume of liquid consumed) /s * d / d/i = (pressure * volume of liquid consumed) /s * i, and, as before, the power in excess of the consumption of motor Mi will be used, as described previously. In this case, too, the potential of the inventive turbine T is very great: once it is started (for example, also through the manual compression of the liquid in the tank) the turbine T works with the liquid, suffice it that the pump is immersed into the liquid and compresses, in the tank, more liquid in the time unit than that consumed by the motor Mi. Also in the pneumatic and hydraulic version, it is fundamentally important that the numbers of revolutions of the motor or motors, the numbers of revolutions per second of the turbine and the number of revolutions per second of the compressor or pump "pulley" are related; in this case, if in the electric version, it can be very important to use an inverter, here it is greatly important to be able to change, with suitable valves and pressure regulators (that can be found on the motor or motors supply line) , the product of pressure * volume in the unit of time that supplies the motor or motors themselves. After having been placed, such devices can generate, on compressor or on pump, different speeds till the optimum one is obtained and kept. Fig. 11 shows a first possible application of a series of turbines TI, T2, T3, T4, .., Tn objects of this invention. The initial acceleration is given from the launch turbine TI and turbine TI itself is started. This start up may also take place by a conventional energy source (electrical, water, compressed air, combustion engine, human force, etc.). Once it has been started, Tl starts turbine T2, which in turn starts turbine T3, and so on. The mechanism enables each turbine to provide the power P for which it has been designed and to start the next turbine. In the example shown, turbine T3 may also, if it is designed to supply the power P required, enable the switching off of turbines Tl and T2 upstream if they are no longer necessary. On the other hand, turbine T4 could be designed with power P equal to that supplied by turbine T3, and act as the standby turbine in the event of faults and/or maintenance of turbine T3. The solution shown in Fig. 11 provides for an inverse operation, too, i.e. that the turbine with the greatest power is used to switch on the less powerful ■ ones connected to it. Moreover, if the required power is higher than that supplied by turbine T3, turbines T2 - Tl - T4 may be switched on in sequence in order to guarantee power consumption which is more than twice the power of turbine T3, which is the one normally requested. Fig. 12 shows a further application of the turbine object of this invention, in a "windmill" type version 29. Each blade 30 of the windmill 29 is fitted with a motor M with a power P which "exerts" its power on the fixed wheel 3 and transmits a "power moment" to the fulcrum 32 of P * d. Fulcrum 32 therefore obtains the sum of all the P * d which, if it is then reduced over a distance/radius which is much less than d (d/i) ,. enables a power P to be obtained which is equal to the sum of the various P * i values. In this case, too, the available power is much greater than that necessary to supply the motors M, and the excess may be used, for example, as electrical energy. The correlation is extremely important between the power P of the motors M located on the blades 30 and which exert their power on the fixed wheel 3, the number of revs/second of the blades 30, the number of revs/sec of the "reduction wheel", the sum of the powers on fulcrum 32 and, from this, the revs/sec transmitted to the alternator, compressor or pump according to the inventive turbine version. The last but not limiting application of the present inventive turbine is shown in Fig. 14 and is defined "inventive multi-shaft turbine with forced pendulum state". Also for this type any one of the previously- described versions can be applied. It is composed of a fixed, preferably vertical, ^' central shaft 9, on which one or more fixed wheels 60 and as many power wheels 58 are structurally secured with respective motors 56, of the ■ electric M, pneumatic Mp, hydraulic Mi types according to the type of inventive turbine being chosen; from each power wheel 58 one or more slanted shafts can depart, such shafts moving with the power wheel 58 and transmitting power to the reduction wheel/s 62 placed over the fulcrum. In order to launch such turbine, it will be enough to gradually switch on even only the motors that can be found on one power wheel, and then sending it to steady state speed by also switching on, in a sequence, the .other motors that can be found on the other power wheels, till the optimum desired power is obtained. It is finally rather evident that all motion transmitting systems described in the above-mentioned variations of the present invention and preferably realised by using belts (15) and pulleys (4, 16) or possibly transmission shafts, can be easily replaced by a skilled person in the art with other motion transmitting means, such as, for example, with a gear cascade or chain transmissions, that provide similar functionality, without thereby departing from the scope of the present invention as defined by the following claims.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. Turbine (T) characterised in that it includes: • a support structure (1) ;

■ • at least one motor (M, Mp, Mi) supported by said support structure (1) ; • at least one means (A, C, Pm) of supplying power (P) ; • a central shaft (9) fixed to said support structure (1) by supports (11, 13) ; • at least one fixed wheel (3) applied onto said central shaft (9) and connected to said motor (M, Mp, Mi) by means of first motion transmitting means; • at least one power wheel (5) applied onto said central shaft (9) coaxially with respect to said at least one fixed wheel (3), said at least one power wheel (5) turning on said central shaft (9) by means of said motor (M, Mp, Mi) ; • at least one power reduction wheel (7) applied onto said central shaft (9) coaxially with respect to said at least one fixed wheel (3), and said at least one power wheel (5), said at least one power reduction wheel (7) being adapted to reduce the power (P) on said means (A, C, Pm) for supplying power (P) .

2. Turbine (T) according to claim 1, characterised in that said motor (M, Mp, Mi) is an electric motor (M) and said means (A, C, Pm) for supplying power (P) consist of at least one alternator (A) , said power reduction wheel (7) being connected to said alternator (A) by means of second motion transmission means.

3. Turbine (T) according to claim 1, characterised in that said motor (M, Mp, Mi) is a pneumatic compressed-air motor (Mp) and said means (A, C, Pm) for supplying power (P) consist of at least one compressor (C) , said power reduction wheel (7) being connected to said compressor (C) by means of second motion transmitting means.

4. Turbine (T) according to claim 1, characterised in that said motor (M, Mp, Mi) is an hydraulic motor (Mi) and said means (A, C, Pm) for supplying power (P) consist of at least one pump (52) connected to at least one tank (54) containing a fluid, said power reduction wheel (7) being connected to said pump (52) through second motion transmitting means.

5. Turbine (T) according to claim 1, characterised in that said first motion transmitting means is a system composed of a belt and a pulley (4) .

6. Turbine (T) according to claim 1, characterised in that said first motion transmitting means is a transmission shaft.

7. Turbine (T) according to claim 1, characterised in that said first motion transmitting means is composed of a chain and a toothed wheel.

8. Turbine (T) according to claim 2, 3 or 4 characterised in that said second motion transmitting means is composed of at least two gears in cascade.

9. Turbine (T) according to claim 2, 3 or 4 characterised in that said second motion transmitting means is composed of at least one belt (15) and at least one pulley (16) .

10. Turbine (T) according to claim 2, 3 or 4 characterised in that said first motion transmission means is a transmission shaft.

11. Turbine (T) according to claim 2, 3 or 4 characterised in that said first motion transmission means is composed of a chain and a toothed wheel.

12. Turbine (T) according to claim 2, 3 or 4 characterised in that said second motion transmission means is composed of at least two gears in cascade.

13. Turbine (T) according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that it is also fitted with at least one electricity supply line (17) to said electric motor (M) and energy

■ supply lines for the consumption downstream of said alternator (A) .

14. Turbine (T) according to claim 1 or 3, characterised in that it is also fitted with at least one pneumatic compressed-air supply line to said compressed-air motor (Mp) and energy supply lines for the consumption downstream of said compressor (C) .

15. Turbine (T) according to claim 1 or 4, characterised in that it is further equipped with at least one hydraulic supply line to said hydraulic motor (Mi) and with energy supplying lines for the consumption downstream of said pump (52) .

16. Turbine (T) according to claim 2, characterised in that said electric motor (M) is supplied by an inverter.

17. Turbine (T) according to claim 3 or 4, characterised in that said means (C, Pm) for supplying power (P) are equipped with a pressure regulating system on a supply line of said motor (Mp, Mi) .

18. Turbine (T) according to claim 1, characterised in that said fixed wheel (3) has a "full" configuration in a cross section.

19. Turbine (T) according to claim 1, characterised in that said power wheel (5) is fitted with openings (18, 20) to discharge its weight during rotation.

20. Turbine (T) according to claim 1, characterised in that said power reduction wheel (7) is fitted with openings (22) to discharge its weight during rotation.

21. Turbine (T) according to claim 1, characterised in that threaded holes (24) are also inserted on the outside edges of said reduction wheel (7) for the insertion of respective threaded bars (26) to house a belt (15) for connection with said means (A, C, Pm) for supplying power (P) , for the use of various rotation speeds for said heel (7), depending on the row of threaded holes (24) in which said bars (26) are inserted.

22. Turbine (T) according to any one of the previous claims, characterised in that said power wheel (5) is replaced by a local support structure supporting at least one of said motors (M, Mp, Mi) and secured to said central shaft (9) .

23. Series (Tl, T2, T3, T4, ..., Tn) of turbines (T) according to any of the previous claims, in which a first (Tl) of said turbines operates as a start-up turbine which gives an acceleration and starts the turbine (Tl) , said turbine (Tl) then starts turbine (T2) immediately downstream, which in turn starts turbine (T3) downstream.

24. Series (Tl, T2, T3, T4, ..., Tn) of turbines (T) according to claim 23, in which, when turbine (T3) of said turbines (T) reaches requested power (P) , it is possible to switch off the turbines upstream (Tl, T2) if they are no longer necessary.

25. Series (Tl, T2, T3, T4, ..., Tn) of turbines (T) according to claim 23 or 24, in which a turbine (T4) of said turbines (T) is designed with power (P) equal to that to be supplied and acts as a standby turbine.

26. Series (Tl, T2, T3, T4, ..., Tn) of turbines (T) according to any of claims 23 to 25, in which said start up occurs by means of a conventional energy source, such as electrical energy, water energy, compressed air, combustion engine, human force.

27. Series (Tl, T2, T3, T4, ..., Tn) of turbines (T) according to any of claims 23 to 25, in which the turbine with the highest power is used to start up the less powerful ones to which it is connected.

28. Series (Tl, T2, T3, T4, ..., Tn) of turbines (T)

• according to any of claims 1 to 22, arranged in a "windmill" configuration (29) , with a motor (M, Mp, Mi) fixed to each blade (30) of said windmill (29) which exerts its power (P) on said fixed wheel (3) and transmits it to a fulcrum (32) which collects the sum of the powers (P) of said motors (M, Mp, Mi) .

29. Series (Tl, T2, T3, T4, ..., Tn) of turbines (T) according to any of claims 1 to 22, arranged in a "multi- shaft with forced pendulum state" configuration, at least one of said fixed wheels (60) and as many of said power wheels (58) with a respective motor (M, Mp, Mi) being coaxially secured to a fixed central shaft (9) , each power wheel (58) being connected to at least one slanted shaft adapted to transmit power to at least two reduction wheels (62) placed over said fulcrum.