WO2005036969A1 - Composition for treating crops and plants against nematodes - Google Patents

Composition for treating crops and plants against nematodes Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005036969A1
WO2005036969A1 PCT/IB2004/052112 IB2004052112W WO2005036969A1 WO 2005036969 A1 WO2005036969 A1 WO 2005036969A1 IB 2004052112 W IB2004052112 W IB 2004052112W WO 2005036969 A1 WO2005036969 A1 WO 2005036969A1
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composition
treatment composition
soil
volume
approximately
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PCT/IB2004/052112
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French (fr)
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Cornelis Floris Van Der Westhuizen
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Van Der Westhuizen Cornelis Fl
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
    • A01N63/20—Bacteria; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
    • A01N63/22—Bacillus

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a microbial and organic treatment composition for use in treating crops, other plants and soil to eliminate or at least minimise the presence of nematodes in the same.
  • the invention also extends to a method of producing the composition and to a method of treating soil and plants with the treatment composition.
  • the soil and plants are treated with substances such as Aldicarb, EDB, methyl bromide and organic phosphates.
  • substances such as Aldicarb, EDB, methyl bromide and organic phosphates.
  • These substances are extremely poisonous and have a negative impact on the surrounding environment in that it is poisonous to both animals and humans. Treatment with these substances is non-specific in that it not only kills the nematodes, but also terminates other useful insects and organisms higher up in the food chain such as birds and small mammals that eat these insects.
  • a further disadvantage of known substances is that treatment often needs to be repeated during a growth season. Treatment is generally conducted early in the growth season, but often- necessary follow-up treatments inevitably result in increased levels of these poisonous substances being present in produce that are destined for human or animal consumption.
  • a non-toxic and environmentally friendly treatment composition suitable for use in treating crops, other plants and soil to eliminate or at least minimise the presence of nematodes in the same, the treatment composition comprising a combination of soil microbes; and in the order of 50% - 75% by volume of a first composition of amino acids and fulvic acids.
  • the treatment composition further may comprise a second composition including humic acids, molasses, water and fish emulsion or extract.
  • the treatment composition may comprise approximately 50% - 25% by volume of the second composition added to approximately 50% - 75% by volume of the first composition.
  • the treatment composition may have a pH of between 2.8 and 3.6, and preferably a pH of 3.2.
  • the soil microbes may be Bacillus Laterosporus, although the applicant anticipates that any soil microbes would be equally as effective.
  • a method of producing a non- toxic and environmentally friendly treatment composition suitable for use in treating crops, other plants and soil to terminate or at least minimise the presence of nematodes in the same including the steps of multiplying a base culture of a soil microbe, for example Bacillus Laterosporus, in a suitable growth medium; preparing a first composition including amino acids and fulvic acids; preparing a second composition including amino acids, fulvic acids, humic acids, molasses, water, manganese chelate and fish emulsion or extract; introducing the base culture into the second composition and allowing the base culture further to multiply until it reaches a concentration of approximately 5 million and above organisms per millilitre; and introducing approximately 50% - 25% by volume of the second composition to approximately 50% - 75% by volume of the first composition so as to produce the treatment composition.
  • a soil microbe for example Bacillus Laterosporus
  • the method may include the steps of maintaining the treatment composition at approximately 23°C and the absence of UV light. It may include the further step of stirring the treatment composition at least once a day.
  • a method of treating crops, other plants and soil so as to eliminate or at least minimise the presence of nematodes in the same comprising the steps of applying a treatment composition comprising a combination of soil microbes and organic acids and extracts either to the roots and/or foliage of the crops or plants by means of fogging or washing, and/or by ploughing the composition into the soil, and/or by introducing it to the crops, plants or the soil together with the irrigation water, in a concentration of approximately 40 litres per hectare to be treated.
  • the method may include the step of treating the crops, other plants and/or soil once at the beginning of the growth season, although subsequent treatments can be carried out without the risk of contamination of produce.
  • the treatment composition may comprise a combination of soil microbes; and in the order of 50% - 75% by volume of a first composition of amino acids and fulvic acids. It further may comprise a second composition including humic acids, molasses, water, manganese chelate and fish emulsion or extract. Particularly, the treatment composition may comprise approximately 50% - 25% by volume of the second composition added to approximately 50% - 75% by volume of the first composition.
  • the second composition had a pH of between 3.8 and 4.
  • the second composition was left for a few days until the Bacillus Laterosporus had multiplied to a concentration of approximately 5 million organisms per millilitre.
  • the applicant prepared a first composition of amino acids and fulvic acids and added approximately 25% by volume of the second composition to approximately 75% by volume of the first composition.
  • the treatment composition so obtained had a pH of approximately 3.2.
  • the treatment composition was applied to the roots of potato, tobacco and chrysanthemums plants. More details of the potato and tobacco trials are set out hereunder. At the end of the growth season, the plants were removed from the soil and their roots were examined for nematode infection. In contrast to what has ever been achieved with conventional treatment methods, the treated plants showed no indication whatsoever of nematode infection. Potatoes trial: Free State province. South Africa
  • the potatoes were planted on 4 December 2003. Three groups of potatoes were utilised in the trial: a first group of potatoes that had been treated with the treatment composition according to the invention (referred to in the graphs below as "MOS Nema”); a second group of potatoes that had been treated with a chemical namaticide (commercially distributed under the trade mark “Oxygran”); and a third control group of potatoes that had not been treated at all.
  • MOS Nema a first group of potatoes that had been treated with the treatment composition according to the invention
  • Oxygran commercially distributed under the trade mark "Oxygran”
  • the treatment in combination with the Vydate leaf spray also gave reasonably good results.
  • the leaf spray is less harmful to the environment than the fumigation treatment.
  • the applicant believes that the composition attacks cell walls of the nematodes, thus eliminating the same.
  • the combination of soil microbes and organic acids and extracts should have a dual benefit of not only eliminating or reducing the presence of nematodes, thereby stimulating plant root development, but should also increase soil fertility and restore natural pH and biological balances in the soil, thus resulting in improved growth conditions for crops and other plants.
  • the presence of organic acids acts as growth stimulants for plants. Since the composition is non-toxic there are no adverse side effects to humans or animals, even if plants are treated later during the growth season.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Virology (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

This invention relates to a non-toxic and environmentally, microbial and organic treatment composition for use in treating crops, other plants and soil, in order to minimise the presence of nematodes in the same. The treatment composition comprises a combination of soil microbes, for example Bacillus Laterosporus; in the order of 50% - 75% by volume of a first composition of amino acids and fulvic acids; and in the order of 50% - 25% by volume of a second composition including humic acids, molasses, water, manganese chelate and fish emulsion or extract. The invention also extends to a method of producing the composition and to the treatment of soil and plants with the treatment composition.

Description

COMPOSITION FOR TREATING CROPS AND PLANTS AGAINST NEMATODES
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to a microbial and organic treatment composition for use in treating crops, other plants and soil to eliminate or at least minimise the presence of nematodes in the same. The invention also extends to a method of producing the composition and to a method of treating soil and plants with the treatment composition.
BACKGROUND ART Those who are engaged in the agricultural industry will appreciate that one of the many problems encountered in cultivating crops and other plants is the presence of nematodes in soil. These slender, unsegmented worms attack the roots of growing plants by penetrating the same and thus prohibiting proper root development, leading to poor plant development and reduced crop yields.
In an effort to prevent damages associated with nematodes, the soil and plants are treated with substances such as Aldicarb, EDB, methyl bromide and organic phosphates. These substances are extremely poisonous and have a negative impact on the surrounding environment in that it is poisonous to both animals and humans. Treatment with these substances is non-specific in that it not only kills the nematodes, but also terminates other useful insects and organisms higher up in the food chain such as birds and small mammals that eat these insects.
A further disadvantage of known substances is that treatment often needs to be repeated during a growth season. Treatment is generally conducted early in the growth season, but often- necessary follow-up treatments inevitably result in increased levels of these poisonous substances being present in produce that are destined for human or animal consumption. OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel, environmentally friendly treatment composition suitable for treating crops, other plants and soil to terminate or at least minimise the presence of nematodes in the same.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
According to a first aspect of the invention there is provided a non-toxic and environmentally friendly treatment composition suitable for use in treating crops, other plants and soil to eliminate or at least minimise the presence of nematodes in the same, the treatment composition comprising a combination of soil microbes; and in the order of 50% - 75% by volume of a first composition of amino acids and fulvic acids.
The treatment composition further may comprise a second composition including humic acids, molasses, water and fish emulsion or extract. Particularly, the treatment composition may comprise approximately 50% - 25% by volume of the second composition added to approximately 50% - 75% by volume of the first composition.
The treatment composition may have a pH of between 2.8 and 3.6, and preferably a pH of 3.2.
The soil microbes may be Bacillus Laterosporus, although the applicant anticipates that any soil microbes would be equally as effective.
According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a method of producing a non- toxic and environmentally friendly treatment composition suitable for use in treating crops, other plants and soil to terminate or at least minimise the presence of nematodes in the same, the method including the steps of multiplying a base culture of a soil microbe, for example Bacillus Laterosporus, in a suitable growth medium; preparing a first composition including amino acids and fulvic acids; preparing a second composition including amino acids, fulvic acids, humic acids, molasses, water, manganese chelate and fish emulsion or extract; introducing the base culture into the second composition and allowing the base culture further to multiply until it reaches a concentration of approximately 5 million and above organisms per millilitre; and introducing approximately 50% - 25% by volume of the second composition to approximately 50% - 75% by volume of the first composition so as to produce the treatment composition.
The method may include the steps of maintaining the treatment composition at approximately 23°C and the absence of UV light. It may include the further step of stirring the treatment composition at least once a day.
According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a method of treating crops, other plants and soil so as to eliminate or at least minimise the presence of nematodes in the same, the method comprising the steps of applying a treatment composition comprising a combination of soil microbes and organic acids and extracts either to the roots and/or foliage of the crops or plants by means of fogging or washing, and/or by ploughing the composition into the soil, and/or by introducing it to the crops, plants or the soil together with the irrigation water, in a concentration of approximately 40 litres per hectare to be treated.
The method may include the step of treating the crops, other plants and/or soil once at the beginning of the growth season, although subsequent treatments can be carried out without the risk of contamination of produce.
The treatment composition may comprise a combination of soil microbes; and in the order of 50% - 75% by volume of a first composition of amino acids and fulvic acids. It further may comprise a second composition including humic acids, molasses, water, manganese chelate and fish emulsion or extract. Particularly, the treatment composition may comprise approximately 50% - 25% by volume of the second composition added to approximately 50% - 75% by volume of the first composition. SPECIFIC EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
Without limiting the scope thereof, the invention will now further be described by way of examples only.
The applicant prepared 1000 litres of a second composition as follows:
Figure imgf000005_0001
The second composition had a pH of between 3.8 and 4.
The second composition was left for a few days until the Bacillus Laterosporus had multiplied to a concentration of approximately 5 million organisms per millilitre. The applicant prepared a first composition of amino acids and fulvic acids and added approximately 25% by volume of the second composition to approximately 75% by volume of the first composition. The treatment composition so obtained had a pH of approximately 3.2.
The treatment composition was applied to the roots of potato, tobacco and chrysanthemums plants. More details of the potato and tobacco trials are set out hereunder. At the end of the growth season, the plants were removed from the soil and their roots were examined for nematode infection. In contrast to what has ever been achieved with conventional treatment methods, the treated plants showed no indication whatsoever of nematode infection. Potatoes trial: Free State Province. South Africa
The potatoes were planted on 4 December 2003. Three groups of potatoes were utilised in the trial: a first group of potatoes that had been treated with the treatment composition according to the invention (referred to in the graphs below as "MOS Nema"); a second group of potatoes that had been treated with a chemical namaticide (commercially distributed under the trade mark "Oxygran"); and a third control group of potatoes that had not been treated at all.
On 17 February 2004 a series of soil samples were taken from all three potato groups. The soil samples were sent for evaluation to the Agricultural Research Council - Nematology Unit in South Africa. The actual number of nematodes was counted in different soil samples of 250 cc each.
The trial results are illustrated in the graphs below. It is apparent that the counts for both Meliodygne SP and Pratylenchus (different nematodes) were the lowest in the potato group that were treated with the treatment composition of the invention (i.e. "MOS Nema").
Figure imgf000006_0001
PRATYLENCHUS
Figure imgf000007_0002
Figure imgf000007_0001
Tobacco trial: Mpumalanqa Province. South Africa
The research department of SA Golden Leaf, a tobacco marketing and extension company, conducted the trials. Various treatment combinations were tested over a period of time as part of an integrated pest management program. After the same period of time, the plants were removed and root evaluations were done. Various ratings were given according to the condition of the roots and nematode galls. All the trials were statistical trials and the average of at least three evaluations was used.
The results are illustrated in the graphs below. The following treatments were done: 1. Fumigation plus Vydate leaf spray; 2. Only MOS Nema, no chemical treatment; and 3. MOS Nema plus Vydate leaf spray.
Figure imgf000008_0001
ROOT CONDITION
Figure imgf000008_0002
From the graphs It follows that the best ratings were achieved with the MOS Nema treatments - even better than with conventional chemical treatment. In particular the MOS Nema treatments resulted in the lowest rating for both the presence of nematode galls (i.e. the lower the rating, the less nematode galls) and in root development (i.e. the lower the rating, the better the root development).
The treatment in combination with the Vydate leaf spray also gave reasonably good results. The leaf spray is less harmful to the environment than the fumigation treatment.
Without wishing to be bound by theory, the applicant believes that the composition attacks cell walls of the nematodes, thus eliminating the same. The combination of soil microbes and organic acids and extracts should have a dual benefit of not only eliminating or reducing the presence of nematodes, thereby stimulating plant root development, but should also increase soil fertility and restore natural pH and biological balances in the soil, thus resulting in improved growth conditions for crops and other plants. Furthermore, the presence of organic acids acts as growth stimulants for plants. Since the composition is non-toxic there are no adverse side effects to humans or animals, even if plants are treated later during the growth season.
It will be appreciated that many variations in detail are possible without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as defined in the claims.

Claims

1. A non-toxic and environmentally friendly treatment composition suitable for use in treating crops, other plants and soil to eliminate or at least minimise the presence of nematodes in the same, the treatment composition comprising a combination of soil microbes; and in the order of 50% - 75% by volume of a first composition of amino acids and fulvic acids.
2. The treatment composition according to claim 1 comprising a second composition including humic acids, molasses, water and fish emulsion or extract.
3. The treatment composition according to claims 1 or 2 comprising approximately 50% - 25% by volume of the second composition added to approximately 50% - 75% by volume of the first composition.
4. The treatment composition according to claim 1 having a pH of between 2.8 and 3.6, and preferably a pH of 3.2.
5. The treatment composition according to claim 1 wherein the soil microbes are Bacillus Laterosporus.
6. A method of producing a non-toxic and environmentally friendly treatment composition suitable for use in treating crops, other plants and soil to terminate or at least minimise the presence of nematodes in the same, the method including the steps of multiplying a base culture of a soil microbe in a suitable growth medium; preparing a first composition including amino acids and fulvic acids; preparing a second composition including amino acids, fulvic acids, humic acids, molasses, water, manganese chelate and fish emulsion or extract; introducing the base culture into the second composition and allowing the base culture further to multiply until it reaches a concentration of approximately 5 million and above organisms per millilitre; and introducing approximately 50% - 25% by volume of the second composition to approximately 50% - 75% by volume of the first composition so as to produce the treatment composition.
7. The method according to claim 6 including the step of maintaining the treatment composition at approximately 23°C and the absence of UV light.
8. The method according to claim 6 including the step of stirring the treatment composition at least once a day.
9. A method of treating crops, other plants and soil so as to eliminate or at least minimise the presence of nematodes in the same, the method comprising the steps of applying a treatment composition comprising a combination of soil microbes and organic acids and extracts either to the roots and/or foliage of the crops or plants by means of fogging or washing, and/or by ploughing the composition into the soil, and/or by introducing it to the crops, plants or the soil together with the irrigation water.
10. The method according to claim 9 wherein the treatment composition is introduced together with the irrigation water in a concentration of approximately 40 litres per hectare to be treated.
11. The method according to claim 9 including the step of treating the crops, other plants and/or soil once at the beginning of the growth season, and optionally also subsequently without the risk of contamination of produce.
12. The method according to claim 9 wherein the treatment composition comprises a combination of soil microbes; and in the order of 50% - 75% by volume of a first composition of amino acids and fulvic acids.
13. The method according to claim 9 wherein the treatment composition comprises a second composition including humic acids, molasses, water, manganese chelate and fish emulsion or extract.
14. The method according to claims 12 or 13 wherein the treatment composition comprises approximately 50% - 25% by volume of the second composition added to approximately 50% - 75% by volume of the first composition.
15. Use of a treatment composition comprising a combination of soil microbes; and in the order of 50% - 75% by volume of a first composition of amino acids and fulvic acids in treating crops, other plants and soil to eliminate or at least minimise the presence of nematodes in the same.
16. The use according to claim 15 wherein the treatment composition comprises a second composition including humic acids, molasses, water, manganese chelate and fish emulsion or extract.
17. The use according to claims 15 or 16 wherein the treatment composition comprises approximately 50% - 25% by volume of the second composition added to approximately 50% - 75% by volume of the first composition.
18. The use according to claim 15 wherein the treatment composition has a pH of between 2.8 and 3.6, and preferably a pH of 3.2.
19. The use according to claim 15 wherein the soil microbes are Bacillus Laterosporus.
20. A non-toxic and environmentally friendly treatment composition according to claim 1 substantially as herein described and exemplified.
21. A method of producing a non-toxic and environmentally friendly treatment composition according to claim 6 substantially as herein described and exemplified.
22. A method of treating crops, other plants and soil according to claim 9 substantially as herein described and exemplified.
23. Use of a treatment composition according to claim 15 substantially as herein described and exemplified.
PCT/IB2004/052112 2003-10-15 2004-10-15 Composition for treating crops and plants against nematodes WO2005036969A1 (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006064449A1 (en) * 2004-12-15 2006-06-22 Van Der Westhuizen Cornelis Fl Detoxifying and immunity-booster composition

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5045314A (en) * 1989-11-14 1991-09-03 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture Control of parasitic nematode ova/larvae with a bacillus laterosporus
US5055293A (en) * 1988-03-09 1991-10-08 Purdue Research Foundation Biological pesticide

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5055293A (en) * 1988-03-09 1991-10-08 Purdue Research Foundation Biological pesticide
US5045314A (en) * 1989-11-14 1991-09-03 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture Control of parasitic nematode ova/larvae with a bacillus laterosporus

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DATABASE CABA [online] HOSS, S. ET AL HOSS, S. ET AL: "Refractory dissolved organic matter can influence the reproduction of Caenorhabditis elegans ( Nematoda )", XP002319709, retrieved from STN Database accession no. 2001:44173 *
FRESHWATER BIOLOGY, VOL. 46, NO. 1, PP. 1-10. MANY REF. PUBLISHER: BLACKWELL SCIENCE. OXFORD ISSN: 0046-5070, 2001 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006064449A1 (en) * 2004-12-15 2006-06-22 Van Der Westhuizen Cornelis Fl Detoxifying and immunity-booster composition

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