WO2005036886A1 - Codage video a deux passes - Google Patents

Codage video a deux passes Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005036886A1
WO2005036886A1 PCT/IB2004/052011 IB2004052011W WO2005036886A1 WO 2005036886 A1 WO2005036886 A1 WO 2005036886A1 IB 2004052011 W IB2004052011 W IB 2004052011W WO 2005036886 A1 WO2005036886 A1 WO 2005036886A1
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Prior art keywords
encoder
input signal
images
encoding
generate
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PCT/IB2004/052011
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English (en)
Inventor
Declan P. Kelly
Dzevdet Burazerovic
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Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
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Publication of WO2005036886A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005036886A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
    • H04N19/503—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving temporal prediction
    • H04N19/51—Motion estimation or motion compensation
    • H04N19/573—Motion compensation with multiple frame prediction using two or more reference frames in a given prediction direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/103—Selection of coding mode or of prediction mode
    • H04N19/114—Adapting the group of pictures [GOP] structure, e.g. number of B-frames between two anchor frames
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/115—Selection of the code volume for a coding unit prior to coding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/117—Filters, e.g. for pre-processing or post-processing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/124—Quantisation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/146—Data rate or code amount at the encoder output
    • H04N19/15—Data rate or code amount at the encoder output by monitoring actual compressed data size at the memory before deciding storage at the transmission buffer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/17—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object
    • H04N19/176—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/177—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being a group of pictures [GOP]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/189—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the adaptation method, adaptation tool or adaptation type used for the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/192—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the adaptation method, adaptation tool or adaptation type used for the adaptive coding the adaptation method, adaptation tool or adaptation type being iterative or recursive
    • H04N19/194—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the adaptation method, adaptation tool or adaptation type used for the adaptive coding the adaptation method, adaptation tool or adaptation type being iterative or recursive involving only two passes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/60—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding
    • H04N19/61—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding in combination with predictive coding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/80—Details of filtering operations specially adapted for video compression, e.g. for pixel interpolation
    • H04N19/82—Details of filtering operations specially adapted for video compression, e.g. for pixel interpolation involving filtering within a prediction loop

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to methods of two-pass video encoding; in particular, but not exclusively, the invention relates to a method of two-pass video encoding for high quality high definition (HD) video, for example with regard to publishing video material on data carriers such as optical discs.
  • the invention also relates to apparatus and systems utilizing the method.
  • the present invention also relates to data carriers, for example optical discs, conveying video data encoded according to the method.
  • ITU-T International Telecommunications Union
  • the H.26L standard is recognized as being capable of offering a significant improvement in coding efficiency, for example providing increased data compression approaching a factor of two times, in comparison to established standards such as MPEG-2.
  • benefits of H.26L generally decrease in proportion to picture size, namely effectively as pixel resolution in picture orthogonal axes increases as arises in high definition (HD) video.
  • ITU-T H.264 also known as ISO/TEC MPEG-4 AVC corresponding to IS 14196-10 where "IS" is an abbreviation for International Standard; the abbreviation "AVC” here corresponds to Advanced Video Coding.
  • ISO/TEC MPEG-4 AVC corresponding to IS 14196-10
  • IS is an abbreviation for International Standard
  • AVC corresponds to Advanced Video Coding.
  • BDF Blu- Ray Disk Founders.
  • H.264 encoders and decoders are already becoming commercially available, for example from a commercial company UB Video Inc. based in Vancouver, Canada.
  • the H.264 standard employs data processing techniques of block-based motion-compensated transform coding in a manner akin to established contemporary standards of image encoding and decoding, for example as in a contemporary standard such as MPEG-2.
  • data generated from encoders compliant to the H.264 standard are structured in a customary hierarchy of data headers such as picture-, slice- and macro-block headers with associated data such as motion- vectors, block-transform coefficients, quantizer scale to mention a few examples.
  • the H.264 standard introduces new features at both header-level and data-level.
  • encoders compliant thereto are operable to generate encoded information at a Video Coding Layer (VCL) and at a Network Abstraction Layer (NAL).
  • VCL Video Coding Layer
  • NAL Network Abstraction Layer
  • the VCL is included for efficiently representing content of video data
  • the NAL relates to data format and provides header information in a manner appropriate for data transmittal in higher level data handling systems.
  • One principal feature of the standard H.264 which differentiates it from earlier standards is, at the NAL, that more elaborate partitioning and manipulation of macro-blocks (MB) is employed, such MB's typically having an area size of 16 x 16 elements although other sizes are also accommodated.
  • MB macro-blocks
  • the H.264 standard employs a motion compensation process susceptible to forming segmentations of a MB as small as 4 x 4 elements in area using motion -vector accuracy approaching 1/8 pel or 1/8 pixel resolution.
  • a selection process for motion compensated prediction of sample blocks which can involve several stored previously-decoded pictures in contradistinction to merely nearest adjoining pictures in a temporal sequence.
  • intra-coding it is possible in the H.264 standard to form a prediction of an image block using previously-decoded samples from spatially neighbouring blocks. Rules utilized in the H.264 standard for such spatially-based prediction are implemented by way of so-called "intra prediction modes".
  • the standard H.264 is capable of generating a resulting prediction error which is normally transformed and quantized based on 4 x 4 element block sizes, instead of a customary contemporary 8 x 8 element block size employed.
  • the H.264 standard also employs other techniques such as entropy encoding for providing an enhanced degree of compression for video data encoded to the standard.
  • Alternative approaches to encoding video information have been proposed and described in contemporary publicly-available documents. Such approaches often are based upon earlier MPEG and/or ISO/TEC standards. For example, in a published United States patent application no.
  • a constant- or variable bit rate compressed bit-stream is generated, the second pass bypassing the aforesaid embedded rate control mechanism, and utilizing the prepared picture bit allocation and quantization scale settings instead.
  • a mechanism for supervising an accuracy of bit production is also provided.
  • the use of two-pass encoding is known in contemporary applications such as off-line video encoding, for example as in DVD authoring, where an absence of real-time constraints makes a two -pass encoding process practicable.
  • bit coding statistics for example bit rate fluctuations in a generated bit-stream
  • image input data for example input video data.
  • Such analysis is perceived by the inventors to be beneficially used to configure a subsequent second pass process applied to the input data for generating a corresponding encoded output bit-stream.
  • VBR variable bit rate
  • VBR constant bit rate
  • CBR constant bit rate
  • an encoded output bit-stream has a constant temporal bit-rate but reconstituted image sequence visual quality varies with coding difficulty; in turn, the coding difficulty is determined by image sequence content as governed by associated image parameters such as motion, texture and related image features, for example in a video image stream.
  • the inventors have appreciated that, by utilizing such an analysis after the first pass process applied to the input data, it is possible to determine a target bit-rate for each part of each image in a video sequence provided in the input data, and/or a target bit-rate for each whole image and/or for one or more groups of images; the target bit-rate being useable for VBR objectives. Therefore, the inventors have devised an alternative method of two-pass video encoding distinguished from contemporary encoding methods in order to at least partially address problems arising from utilizing contemporary encoding methods, especially in the context of aforementioned HD video.
  • an encoder for receiving an input signal corresponding to a sequence of images and generating corresponding encoded output data, the encoder comprising:
  • decoding means for decoding the first encoded version to generate a corresponding locally-decoded sequence of images ;
  • processing means for receiving image indicative data from the first-pass encoding means and the error signal from the subtracting means to generate one or more control parameters
  • second-pass encoding means for receiving the input signal and for encoding said signal under control of said one or more control parameters to generate said corresponding encoded output data.
  • the encoder is of advantage in that it is capable of providing enhanced transparency and faithfulness in encoded image data in comparison to comparable known contemporary encoders.
  • the subtracting means and the processing means are functionally interposed between said first-pass encoding means and said second-pass encoding means.
  • the control parameters are operable to enhance transparency of encoding applied by the second-pass encoding means to the input signal to generate the corresponding encoded output data.
  • the first-pass encoding means is operable to provide statistically indicative data concerning image content present in the input signal to the processing means.
  • the subtracting means in co-operation with the processing means is operable to perform measurements of spatial and/or temporal activity occurring within images present in the input signal. More preferably, in the encoder, such measurements are arranged to utilize spatial estimation methods.
  • said one or more control parameters provided to the second-pass encoding means are operable to control at least one of the following characteristics of the second-pass encoding means when encoding the input signal to generate the encoded output data:
  • said one or more control parameters are susceptible to being arranged to modify only sub-regions of images present in the input signal when generating the encoded output data.
  • the encoder is arranged to generate the output encoded data compatible to the H.264 encoding standard.
  • a decoder compatible with the aforesaid encoder according to the first aspect of the invention, the decoder being operable to receive the output encoded data and reconstitute therefrom a version of the input signal.
  • a data carrier having recorded thereon output encoded data from the aforesaid encoder according to the first aspect of the present invention.
  • the carrier is implemented as an optically-readable data storage medium, for example compatible with proprietary Blu-Ray hardware.
  • a method of encoding an input signal corresponding to a sequence of images to generate corresponding encoded output data comprising the steps of: (a) generating a first encoded version of the input signal using first-pass encoding means; (b) decoding the first encoded version to generate a corresponding locally- decoded sequence of images using decoding means;
  • the subtracting means and the processing means are functionally interposed between said first-pass encoding means and said second-pass encoding means.
  • the control parameters are operable to enhance transparency of encoding applied by the second-pass encoding means to the input signal to generate the corresponding encoded output data.
  • the first-pass encoding means is operable to provide statistically indicative data concerning image content present in the input signal to the processing means.
  • the subtracting means in co-operation with the processing means is operable to perform measurements of spatial and/or temporal activity occurring within images present in the input signal.
  • the method wherein such measurements are arranged to utilize spatial estimation methods.
  • said one or more control parameters provided to the second-pass encoding means are operable to control at least one of the following characteristics of the second-pass encoding means when encoding the input signal to generate the encoded output data:
  • said one or more control parameters are susceptible to being arranged to modify only sub-regions of images present in the input signal when generating the encoded output data.
  • said method is arranged to generate the output encoded data compatible to the H.264 encoding standard.
  • a method of decoding output encoded data generated according to the method of the fourth aspect of the present invention the method of decoding being operable to receive the output encoded data and reconstitute therefrom a version of the input signal.
  • a data carrier having recorded thereon output encoded data generated by the method according to the fourth aspect of the present invention. More preferably, said carrier is implemented as an optically-readable data storage medium, for example compatible with proprietary Blu-Ray hardware. It will be appreciated that features of the invention are susceptible to being combined in any combination without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of an encoder according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a more detailed representation of an encoder of a type illustrated in Figure 1.
  • the inventors therefore propose to extend contemporary two-pass encoding methods by incorporating additional analysis between their two passes as well as additional mechanisms for coding adjustment but nevertheless maintaining compatibility with H.264 standard syntax.
  • the additional analysis will be described in more detail later and concerns differences between an original video signal provided for encoding and its coded representation obtained from the first pass.
  • the additional analysis serves to identify parts of video images where transparency loss arises, and consequently determine where corresponding second-pass adjustments are pronounced.
  • identification is susceptible to being realized by applying mathematical methods by subtracting from video images corresponding encoded data after it has been locally decoded for subtraction purposes.
  • a representation of such subtraction is provided in Figure 1.
  • Figure 1 there is shown in simple overview an encoder according to the present invention.
  • the encoder is indicated generally by 10 and comprises a first-pass encoder 20, a local video decoder 30 complementary to the first-pass encoder 20, a subtraction function 40, a second-pass encoder and adjuster 50 and a processor 60.
  • An input video signal V ⁇ is coupled to an input of the first-pass encoder 20 and to an adding input of the subtraction function 40.
  • An encoded output signal V en c is connected from the first-pass encoder 20 to an input of the local decoder 30.
  • a corresponding decoded output signal V dec from the decoder 30 is coupled to a subtracting input of the subtraction function 40.
  • a statistical output Vstat from the first-pass encoder 20 is coupled to a fist input of the processor 60.
  • An error signal ⁇ V e ⁇ r corresponding to a difference between the signals V ⁇ p and Va ec s coupled to a second input of the processor 60.
  • a control parameter output V par a m is coupled to a control input of the second-pass encoder 50.
  • an output V op is provided from the second-pass encoder 50 to provide encoded video data encoded according to the present invention.
  • the encoder 10 is susceptible to being implemented in software, for example on a high-speed generic digital signal processor (DSP) integrated circuit, in hardware, for example a custom application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or a mixture of software and hardware. Operation of the encoder 10 will be described briefly with reference to Figure
  • the input video V ⁇ p propagates through the first-pass encoder 20 wherein it is subjected to first-pass encoding to generate the signal V enc .
  • the signal V en c propagates to the local decoder 30 whereat it is decoded to generate the signal V d ec corresponding to the input signal Vi p subjected to both first-pass encoding and decoding operations.
  • the signal Vdec is then subtracted from the input signal V ⁇ p to generate the error signal V err in which image regions susceptible to being subject to considerable second-pass adjustment in the second -pass encoder 50 are identified.
  • the error signal V err passes to the processor 60 together with image statistical parameters in V sta t.
  • the processor 60 then processes the signal V err and V stat to generate most appropriate parameters in V param for controlling operation of the second -pass encoder 50 so as to achieve encoding of the input signal V therein to achieve greater encoding transparency in the output signal V op .
  • the processor 60 and the second-pass encoder 50 are also arranged to provide additional mechanisms for coding adjustment in the second-pass encoder 50, such additional mechanisms relating to: (a) macro-block partitioning for motion estimation;
  • FIG 2 there is shown an encoder indicated generally by 100.
  • the encoder 100 is similar to the encoder 10 except that the processor 60 in Figure 1 is shown as a processor 60a and an analyzer 60b in Figure 2.
  • the signals Vstat and V para m in Figure 1 is shown as statistics data (ST) and control parameter data (CP) in Figure 2.
  • the second-pass encoder 50 is illustrated in Figure 2 as including locks Q and ME.
  • the encoder 100 is operable to perform analysis of video images input in the input signal Vi p , such analysis being achieved by way of executing measurements of spatial and/or temporal activity, optionally assisted by spatial estimation methods. Results of such analysis generated in the first-pass encoder 20 functioning in conjunction with the analyzer 60b and the processor 60a reflect characteristics and behaviour of coding errors arising in the first-pass encoder 20, thereby enabling contents parts to be localized in the input V ⁇ p requiring particular adjustment in the second-pass encoder 50.
  • the inventors have found that it is desirable to constrain motion estimation applied in the second-pass encoder 50 when encoding the input Vi P to generate the corresponding output V op ; such constraint preferably concerns using only a few relatively large block sizes and the avoidance of using more distant reference images provided in the input V; p when encoding certain current image regions.
  • the encoder 100 is preferably also provided with other refinements regarding its operation.
  • the second-pass encoder 50 is beneficially arranged to provide variable bit rate (VBR) encoding.
  • VBR variable bit rate
  • Such a decoder is arranged to be responsive to the adjustments applied in the parameters CP to the second-pass encoder 50 so as to reconstruct with greater transparency and faithfulness, in comparison to contemporary encoder/decoder arrangements compliant, for example, to the H.264 standard.
  • encoded output data from the encoders 10, 100 provided at the Vop output is susceptible to being recorded on a data carrier, for example an optically- readable data storage device such as a CD and/or DVD or related type of format such as proprietary Blu-Ray compatible formats.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Compression Or Coding Systems Of Tv Signals (AREA)

Abstract

Codeur (10, 100) pour la réception d'un signal d'entrée correspondant à une séquence d'images, et pour la production de données de sortie codées correspondantes. Ce codeur (10, 100) comporte (a) un codeur première passe (20) pour la production d'une première version codée du signal d'entrée ; (b) un décodeur local (30) pour le décodage de la première version codée afin de produire une séquence d'images correspondante décodée au niveau local ; (c) une fonction de soustraction (40) pour la production d'un signal d'erreur correspondant à une différence entre le signal d'entrée et la séquence d'images décodée au niveau local ; (d) un processeur (60 ; 60a, 60b) pour la réception de données indicatives d'image en provenance du codeur première passe (20) et du signal d'erreur en provenance de la fonction de soustraction (40) pour la production d'un ou plusieurs paramètres de commande ; et (e) un codeur deuxième passe (50) pour la réception du signal d'entrée et le décodage dudit signal sous la commande dudit ou desdits paramètre(s) de commande, afin de produire lesdites données de sortie codées correspondantes.
PCT/IB2004/052011 2003-10-13 2004-10-07 Codage video a deux passes WO2005036886A1 (fr)

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WO2007117712A1 (fr) 2006-04-07 2007-10-18 Microsoft Corporation Réglages de quantification destinés à des artéfacts de décalage de courant continu
WO2008051517A2 (fr) 2006-10-25 2008-05-02 Thomson Licensing Procédés et appareil pour un codage efficace au premier passage dans un codeur à passages multiples
US9571840B2 (en) 2008-06-03 2017-02-14 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Adaptive quantization for enhancement layer video coding
US9967561B2 (en) 2006-05-05 2018-05-08 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Flexible quantization
US11089329B1 (en) * 2016-06-28 2021-08-10 Amazon Technologies, Inc Content adaptive encoding

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EP1220546A2 (fr) * 2000-12-28 2002-07-03 Pioneer Corporation Dispositif et procédé d'adjustement de pas de quantification, dispositif et procédé de codage, support d'enregistrement d'information

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007117712A1 (fr) 2006-04-07 2007-10-18 Microsoft Corporation Réglages de quantification destinés à des artéfacts de décalage de courant continu
EP2005755A4 (fr) * 2006-04-07 2015-09-23 Microsoft Technology Licensing Llc Reglages de quantification destines a des artefacts de decalage de courant continu
US9967561B2 (en) 2006-05-05 2018-05-08 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Flexible quantization
WO2008051517A2 (fr) 2006-10-25 2008-05-02 Thomson Licensing Procédés et appareil pour un codage efficace au premier passage dans un codeur à passages multiples
WO2008051517A3 (fr) * 2006-10-25 2008-07-10 Thomson Licensing Procédés et appareil pour un codage efficace au premier passage dans un codeur à passages multiples
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