WO2005025619A1 - Combination of a histone deacetylase inhibitor with a death receptor ligand - Google Patents

Combination of a histone deacetylase inhibitor with a death receptor ligand Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005025619A1
WO2005025619A1 PCT/EP2004/010468 EP2004010468W WO2005025619A1 WO 2005025619 A1 WO2005025619 A1 WO 2005025619A1 EP 2004010468 W EP2004010468 W EP 2004010468W WO 2005025619 A1 WO2005025619 A1 WO 2005025619A1
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aryl
trail
heteroaryl
alkyl
dalkyl
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PCT/EP2004/010468
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English (en)
French (fr)
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Peter Wisdom Atadja
Kapil N. Bhalla
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Novartis Ag
Novartis Pharma Gmbh
University Of South Florida Board Of Trustees
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Priority to US10/571,734 priority Critical patent/US20070258972A1/en
Priority to CA002539000A priority patent/CA2539000A1/en
Priority to EP04765360A priority patent/EP1667720A1/en
Priority to AU2004271730A priority patent/AU2004271730A1/en
Priority to JP2006526597A priority patent/JP2007505860A/ja
Priority to BRPI0414506-2A priority patent/BRPI0414506A/pt
Publication of WO2005025619A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005025619A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • A61K38/19—Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons
    • A61K38/191—Tumor necrosis factors [TNF], e.g. lymphotoxin [LT], i.e. TNF-beta
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/395—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A61P35/02—Antineoplastic agents specific for leukemia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C259/00—Compounds containing carboxyl groups, an oxygen atom of a carboxyl group being replaced by a nitrogen atom, this nitrogen atom being further bound to an oxygen atom and not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
    • C07C259/04—Compounds containing carboxyl groups, an oxygen atom of a carboxyl group being replaced by a nitrogen atom, this nitrogen atom being further bound to an oxygen atom and not being part of nitro or nitroso groups without replacement of the other oxygen atom of the carboxyl group, e.g. hydroxamic acids
    • C07C259/06—Compounds containing carboxyl groups, an oxygen atom of a carboxyl group being replaced by a nitrogen atom, this nitrogen atom being further bound to an oxygen atom and not being part of nitro or nitroso groups without replacement of the other oxygen atom of the carboxyl group, e.g. hydroxamic acids having carbon atoms of hydroxamic groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of preventing or treating proliferative diseases, such as cancer in a mammal, particularly a human, with a combination of pharmaceutical agents which comprises: (a) a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDAI); and (b) a death receptor ligand.
  • a histone deacetylase inhibitor HDAI
  • a death receptor ligand a histone deacetylase inhibitor
  • the invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising: (a) an HDAI; (b) death receptor ligand; and (c) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the present invention further relates to a commercial package or product comprising: (a) a pharmaceutical formulation of an HDAI; and (b) a pharmaceutical formulation of death receptor ligand for simultaneous, concurrent, separate or sequential use.
  • HDA histone deacetylase
  • HDAI histone acetyltrasferase
  • TNF Tumor necrosis factor
  • Apo-2L Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand
  • TRAIL-R1 TRAIL-R1
  • DR5 TRAIL-R2
  • DISC cell-membrane associated multi-protein death inducing signaling complex
  • the invention relates to a combination for preventing or treating proliferative diseases, such as cancer in a mammal, particularly a human, comprising: (a) a HDAI; and (b) a death receptor ligand.
  • the invention relates to a method of preventing or treating proliferative diseases, such as cancer in a mammal, particularly a human, with a combination of pharmaceutical agents which comprises: (a) a HDAI; and (b) a death receptor ligand.
  • the invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising: (a) an HDAI; (b) death receptor ligand; and (c) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the present invention further relates to a commercial package or product comprising: (a) a pharmaceutical formulation of an HDAI; and (b) a pharmaceutical formulation of death receptor ligand for simultaneous, concurrent, separate or sequential use.
  • a proliferative disease is mainly a tumor disease (or cancer) (and/or any metastases).
  • the inventive compositions are particularly useful for treating a tumor which is a breast cancer, genitourinary cancer, lung cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, epidermoid cancer, melanoma, glioma, ovarian cancer, pancreas cancer, neuroblastoma, head and/or neck cancer or bladder cancer, or in a broader sense renal, brain or gastric cancer; in particular: (i) a breast tumor; an epidermoid tumor, such as an epidermoid head and/or neck tumor or a mouth tumor; a lung tumor, e.g., a small cell or non-small cell lung tumor; a gastrointestinal tumor, e.g., a colorectal tumor; or a genitourinary tumor, e.g., a prostate tumor, especially a hormone-refractory prostate tumor; (ii) a
  • a proliferative disease may furthermore be a hyperproliferative condition, such as leukemias (especially acute myeloid leukemia or AML), hyperplasias, fibrosis (especially pulmonary, but also other types of fibrosis, such as renal fibrosis), angiogenesis, psoriasis, atherosclerosis and smooth muscle proliferation in the blood vessels, such as stenosis or restenosis following angioplasty.
  • leukemias especially acute myeloid leukemia or AML
  • hyperplasias especially fibrosis (especially pulmonary, but also other types of fibrosis, such as renal fibrosis)
  • angiogenesis psoriasis
  • atherosclerosis smooth muscle proliferation in the blood vessels, such as stenosis or restenosis following angioplasty.
  • a tumor, a tumor disease, a carcinoma or a cancer are mentioned, also metastasis in the original organ or tissue and/or in any other location are implied alternatively or in addition, whatever the location of the tumor and/or metastasis.
  • the combinations are selectively toxic or more toxic to rapidly proliferating cells than to normal cells, particularly in human cancer cells, e.g., cancerous tumors, the compound has significant anti proliferative effects and promotes differentiation, e.g., cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
  • the combinations can induce apoptotic cell death and necrosis.
  • death receptor ligand refers to TRAIL, TRAIL/Apo-2L, TRAIL mimetics, agonistic antibodies and other agents that can bind to DR4 and DR5 triggering the activity of caspase-8 and apoptosis through the assembly of a cell-membrane associated multi-protein DISC.
  • TRAIL has demonstrated the ability to induce apoptosis of certain transformed cells, including a number of different types of cancer cells, as well as virally infected cells.
  • TRAIL is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,763,223 which is incorporated herein in its entirety. See Wiley et al consult “Identification and Characterization of a New Member of the TNF Family that Induces Apoptosis", Immunity, Vol. 3, pp. 673-682 (1995); and Pitti et al., "Induction of Apoptosis by Apo-2 Ligand, a New Member of the Tumor Necrosis Factor Cytokine Family", J Biol Chem, Vol. 271, No. 22, pp. 12687-12690 (1996).
  • TRAIL TRAIUApo-2L
  • TRAIL mimetics agnostic antibodies and other agents that can bind to DR4 and DR5 triggering the activity of caspase-8 and apoptosis through a cell-membrane associated multi-protein DISC.
  • HDAI compounds of particular interest for use in the inventive combination are hydroxamate compounds described by the formula (I):
  • Ri is H; halo; or a straight-chain C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl, especially methyl, ethyl or n-propyl, which methyl, ethyl and n-propyl substituents are unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents described below for alkyl substituents;
  • R 2 is selected from H; C C 10 alkyl, preferably C C6alkyl, e.g., methyl, ethyl or -CH 2 CH 2 - OH; C 4 -C 9 cycloalkyl; C 4 -C 9 heterocycloalkyl; C 4 -C 9 heterocycloalkylalkyl; cycloalkylalkyl, e.g., cyclopropylmethyl; aryl; heteroaryl; arylalkyl, e.g., benzyl; heteroarylalkyl, e.g., pyridylmethyl; -(CH
  • Halo substituents are selected from fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo, preferably fluoro or chloro.
  • Alkyl substituents include straight- and branched-C- ⁇ -C 6 alkyl, unless otherwise noted.
  • suitable straight- and branched-C C 6 alkyl substituents include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, 2-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, f-butyl and the like.
  • the alkyl substituents include both unsubstituted alkyl groups and alkyl groups that are substituted by one or more suitable substituents, including unsaturation, i.e., there are one or more double or triple C-C bonds; acyl; cycloalkyl; halo; oxyalkyl; alkylamino; aminoalkyl; acylamino; and OR 15 , e.g., alkoxy.
  • Preferred substituents for alkyl groups include halo, hydroxy, alkoxy, oxyalkyl, alkylamino and aminoalkyl.
  • Cycloalkyl substituents include C 3 -C 9 cycIoaIkyl groups, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and the like, unless otherwise specified.
  • cycloalkyl substituents include both unsubstituted cycloalkyl groups and cycloalkyl groups that are substituted by one or more suitable substituents, including C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl, halo, hydroxy, aminoalkyl, oxyalkyl, alkylamino and OR 1 5, such as alkoxy.
  • Preferred substituents for cycloalkyl groups include halo, hydroxy, alkoxy, oxyalkyl, alkylamino and aminoalkyl.
  • alkyl and cycloalkyl substituents also applies to the alkyl portions of other substituents, such as, without limitation, alkoxy, alkyl amines, alkyl ketones, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, alkylsulfonyl and alkyl ester substituents and the like.
  • Heterocycloalkyl substituents include 3- to 9-membered aliphatic rings, such as 4- to 7-membered aliphatic rings, containing from 1-3 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen.
  • suitable heterocycloalkyl substituents include pyrrolidyl, tetrahydrofuryl, tetrahydrothiofuranyl, piperidyl, piperazyl, tetrahydropyranyl, morphilino, 1 ,3-diazapane, 1,4-diazapane, 1 ,4-oxazepane and 1,4-oxathiapane.
  • the rings are unsubstituted or substituted on the carbon atoms by one or more suitable substituents, including C C 6 alkyl; C 4 -Cgcycloalkyl; aryl; heteroaryl; arylalkyl, e.g., benzyl; heteroarylalkyl, e.g., pyridylmethyl; halo; a ino; alkyl amino and OR 15 , e.g., alkoxy.
  • suitable substituents including C C 6 alkyl; C 4 -Cgcycloalkyl; aryl; heteroaryl; arylalkyl, e.g., benzyl; heteroarylalkyl, e.g., pyridylmethyl; halo; a ino; alkyl amino and OR 15 , e.g., alkoxy.
  • nitrogen heteroatoms are unsubstituted or substituted by H, C ⁇ -C alkyl; arylalkyl, e.g., benzyl; heteroarylalkyl, e.g., pyridylmethyl; acyl; aminoacyl; alkylsulfonyl; and arylsulfonyl.
  • Cycloalkylalkyl substituents include compounds of the formula -(CH 2 ) n5 -cycloalkyl, wherein n5 is a number from 1-6.
  • Suitable alkylcycloalkyl substituents include cyclopentylmethyl, cyclopentylethyl, cyclohexylmethyl and the like. Such substituents are unsubstituted or substituted in the alkyl portion or in the cycloalkyl portion by a suitable substituent, including those listed above for alkyl and cycloalkyl.
  • Aryl substituents include unsubstituted phenyl and phenyl substituted by one or more suitable substituents including C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl; cycloalkylalkyl, e.g., cyclopropylmethyl; 0(CO)alkyl; oxyalkyl; halo; nitro; amino; alkylamino; aminoalkyl; alkyl ketones; nitrile; carboxyalkyl; alkylsulfonyl; aminosulfonyl; arylsulfonyl and OR 15 , such as alkoxy.
  • Preferred substituents include including CrC 6 alkyl; cycloalkyl, e.g., cyclopropylmethyl; alkoxy; oxyalkyl; halo; nitro; amino; alkylamino; aminoalkyl; alkyl ketones; nitrile; carboxyalkyl; alkylsulfonyl; arylsulfonyl and aminosulfonyl.
  • Suitable aryl groups include C C 4 aIkyIphenyl, d-dalkoxyphenyl, trifluoromethylphenyl, methoxyphenyl, hydroxyethylphenyl, dimethylaminophenyl, aminopropylphenyl, carbethoxyphenyl, methanesulfonylphenyl and tolylsulfonylphenyl.
  • Aromatic polycycles include naphthyl, and naphthyl substituted by one or more suitable substituents including d-C ⁇ alkyl; alkylcycloalkyl, e.g., cyclopropylmethyl; oxyalkyl; halo; nitro; amino; alkylamino; aminoalkyl; alkyl ketones; nitrile; carboxyalkyl; alkylsulfonyl; arylsulfonyl; aminosulfonyl and OR ⁇ 5 , such as alkoxy.
  • suitable substituents including d-C ⁇ alkyl; alkylcycloalkyl, e.g., cyclopropylmethyl; oxyalkyl; halo; nitro; amino; alkylamino; aminoalkyl; alkyl ketones; nitrile; carboxyalkyl; alkylsulfonyl; arylsulfonyl; aminosulfonyl and OR
  • Heteroaryl substituents include compounds with a 5- to 7-membered aromatic ring containing one or more heteroatoms, e.g., from 1-4 heteroatoms, selected from N, O and S.
  • Typical heteroaryl substituents include furyl, thienyl, pyrrole, pyrazole, triazole, thiazole, oxazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, isoxazolyl, pyrazine and the like.
  • heteroaryl substituents are unsubstituted or substituted on a carbon atom by one or more suitable substituents, including alkyl, the alkyl substituents identified above, and another heteroaryl substituent. Nitrogen atoms are unsubstituted or substituted, e.g., by R 1 3; especially useful N substituents include H, C C 4 alkyI, acyl, aminoacyl and sulfonyl.
  • Arylalkyl substituents include groups of the formula -(CH 2 ) n5 -aryl, -(CH 2 ) n5-1 -(CH-aryl)- (CH 2 ) n5 -aryl or -(CH 2 ) n5 . ⁇ CH(aryl)(aryl), wherein aryl and n5 are defined above.
  • Such arylalkyl substituents include benzyl, 2-phenylethyl, 1-phenylethyl, tolyl-3-propyl, 2-phenylpropyl, diphenylmethyl, 2-diphenylethyl, 5,5-dimethyl-3-phenylpentyl and the like.
  • Arylalkyl substituents are unsubstituted or substituted in the alkyl moiety or the aryl rnoiety or both as described above for alkyl and aryl substituents.
  • Heteroarylalkyl substituents include groups of the formula -(CH 2 ) n5 -heteroa ⁇ yl, wherein heteroaryl and n5 are defined above and the bridging group is linked to a carbon or a nitrogen of the heteroaryl portion, such as 2-, 3- or 4-pyridyImethyl, imidazolylmethyl, quinolylethyl and pyrrolylbutyl. Heteroaryl substituents are unsubstituted or substituted as discussed above for heteroaryl and alkyl substituents.
  • Amino acyl substituents include groups of the formula -C(0)-(CH 2 ) n -C(H)(NR 13 R 14 )- (CH 2 ) n -R 5 , wherein n, R 13 , R 14 and R 5 are described above.
  • Suitable aminoacyl substituents include natural and non-natural amino acids, such as glycinyl, D-tryptophanyl, L-lysinyl, D- or L-homoserinyl, 4-aminobutryic acyl and ⁇ -3-amin-4-hexenoyl.
  • Non-aromatic polycycle substituents include bicyclic and tricyclic fused ring systems where each ring can be 4- to 9-membered and each ring can contain zerio, one or more double and/or triple bonds.
  • Suitable examples of non-aromatic polycycles include decalin, octahydroindene, perhydrobenzocycloheptene and perhydrobenzo-[t]-azulene. Such substituents are unsubstituted or substituted as described above for cycloalkyl groups.
  • Mixed aryl and non-aryl polycycle substituents include bicyclic and tricyclic fused ring systems where each ring can be 4- to 9-membered and at least one ring is aromatic.
  • Suitable examples of mixed aryl and non-aryl polycycles include methylenedioxyphenyl, b/s-methylenedioxyphenyl, 1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene, dibenzosuberane, dihdydroanthracene and 9H-fluorene.
  • substituents are unsubstituted or substituted by nitro or as described above for cycloalkyl groups.
  • Polyheteroaryl substituents include bicyclic and tricyclic fused ring systems where each ring can independently be 5 or 6 membered and contain one or more heteroatom, for example, 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms, chosen from O, N or S such that the fused ring system is aromatic.
  • Suitable examples of polyheteroaryl ring systems include quinoline, isoquinoline, pyridopyrazine, pyrrolopyridine, furopyridine, indole, benzofuran, benzothiofuran, benzindole, benzoxazole, pyrroloquinoline, and the like.
  • Nitrogen atoms are unsubstituted or substituted, e.g., by R 13 , especially useful N substituents include H, d-C alkyl, acyl, aminoacyl and sulfonyl.
  • Non-aromatic polyheterocyclic substituents include bicyclic and tricyclic fused ring systems where each ring can be 4- to 9-membered, contain one or more heteroatom, e.g., 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms, chosen from O, N or S and contain zero or one or more C-C double or triple bonds.
  • non-aromatic polyheterocycles include hexitol, c/s-perhydro-cyclohepta[b]pyridinyl, decahydro-benzo[f][1,4]oxazepinyl, 2,8-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane, hexahydro-thieno[3,2-b]thiophene, perhydropyrrolo[3,2- ]pyrrole, perhydronaphthyridine, perhydro- 7h -dicyclopenta[o,e]pyran.
  • non-aromatic polyheterocyclic substituents are unsubstituted or substituted on a carbon atom by one or more substituents, including alkyl and the alkyl substituents identified above.
  • Nitrogen atoms are unsubstituted or substituted, e.g., by R 13 , especially useful N substituents include H, C C 4 alkyl, acyl, aminoacyl and sulfonyl.
  • Mixed aryl and non-aryl polyheterocycles substituents include bicyclic and tricyclic fused ring systems where each ring can be 4- to 9-rnembered, contain one or more heteroatom chosen from O, N or S, and at least one of the rings must be aromatic.
  • Suitable examples of mixed aryl and non-aryl polyheterocycles include 2,3-dihydroindole, 1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline, 5,11-dihydro-70H-dibenz[b,e][1,4]diazepine, 5 - -dibenzo[b,e][1 ,4]diazepine, 1 ,2-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-b][1 ,5]benzodiazepine, 1 ,5-dihydro- pyrido[2,3-b][1 ,4]diazepin-4-one, 1 ,2,3,4,6,11-hexahydro-benzo[b]pyrido[2,3-e][1,4]diazepin- 5-one.
  • Nitrogen atoms are unsubstituted or substituted, e.g., by R- ⁇ 3 ; especially useful N substituents include H, d-dalkyl, acyl, aminoacyl and sulfonyl.
  • Amino substituents include primary, secondary and tertiary amines and in salt form, quaternary amines.
  • Examples of amino substituents include mono- and di-alkylamino, mono- and di-aryl amino, mono- and di-arylalkyl amino, aryl-arylalkylamino, alkyl-arylamino, alkyl-arylalkylamino and the like.
  • Sulfonyl substituents include alkylsulfonyl and arylsulfonyl, e.g., methane sulfonyl, benzene sulfonyl, tosyl and the like.
  • Acyl substituents include groups of formula -C(O)-W, -OC(O)-W, -C(O)-0-W or -C(0)NR 13 R 14 , where W is R 16 , H or cycloalkylalkyl.
  • Acylamino substituents include substituents of the formula -N(R 12 )C(O)-W, -N(R 12 )C(0)-0-W and -N(R 12 )C(0)-NHOH and R 12 and W are defined above.
  • Ri is H, halo or a straight-chain C- ⁇ -C alkyl
  • R 2 is selected from H, C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl, C 4 -C 9 cycloalkyI, C 4 -C 9 heterocycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, -(CH 2 ) n C(0)R 6 , amino acyl and -(CH ) n R 7
  • R 5 is selected from H, C Cealkyl, C 4 -C 9 cycloalkyl, C 4 -C 9 heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl,
  • Useful compounds of the formula (I), include those wherein each of R ⁇ X, Y, R 3 and R 4 is H, including those wherein one of n 2 and n 3 is 0 and the other is 1, especially those wherein R 2 is H or -CH 2 -CH 2 -OH.
  • R 2 is selected from H, C C 6 alkyl, C 4 -C 9 cycloalkyl, C -C 9 heterocycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, -(CH 2 ) n C(0)R 6 , amino acyl and -(CH 2 ) n R 7 ; and R ⁇ is heteroaryl; heteroarylalkyl, e.g., pyridylmethyl; aromatic polycycles; non-aromatic polycycles; mixed aryl and non-aryl polycycles; polyheteroaryl or mixed aryl; and non-aryl polyheterocycles; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • R 2 is selected from H, d-dalkyl, C -C 9 cycloalkyl, C 4 -C 9 heterocycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, -(CH 2 ) n C(0)R 6 , amino acyl and -(CH 2 ) n R 7 ;
  • R ⁇ is aryl; arylalkyl; aromatic polycycles; non-aromatic polycycles and mixed aryl; and non-aryl polycycles, especially aryl, such as p-fluorophenyl, p-chlorophenyl, p-0-C C alkylphenyl, such as p-methoxyphenyl, and p-d-dalkylphenyl; and arylalkyl, such as benzyl, ortho-, meta- or para-i luorobenzyl
  • R 2 is selected from H; d-dalkyl; C 4 -C 6 cycloalkyl; cycloalkylalkyl, e.g., cyclopropylmethyl; (CH 2 ) 2-4 OR 21 , where R 21 is H, methyl, ethyl, propyl and /-propyl; and Rg is unsubstituted 1 H- ⁇ ndo ⁇ -3-y ⁇ , benzofuran-3-yl or quinolin-3-yl, or substituted • 7H-indol-3-yl, such as 5-fluoro-7 - -indol-3-yl or 5-methoxy-7 - -indol-3-yl, benzofuran-3-yl or quinolin-3-yl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • Another interesting genus of hydroxamate compounds are the compounds of formula (lc)
  • ring containing Z ⁇ is aromatic or non-aromatic, which non-aromatic rings are saturated or unsaturated, Z-, is O, S or N-R 20 ;
  • Ris is H; halo; d-dalkyl (methyl, ethyl, f-butyl); C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl; aryl, e.g., unsubstituted phenyl or phenyl substituted by 4-OCH 3 or 4-CF 3 ; or heteroaryl, such as 2-furanyl, 2-thiophenyl or 2-, 3- or 4-pyridyl;
  • R 20 is H; C C 6 alkyl; CrC 6 alkyl-C 3 -C 9 cycloalkyl, e.g., cyclopropylmethyl; aryl; heteroaryl; arylalkyl, e.g., benzyl; heteroarylalkyl, e.g., pyridylmethyl;
  • A-i is 1 , 2 or 3 substituents which are independently H; d-dalkyl; -OR 19 ; halo; alkylamino; aminoalkyl; halo; or heteroarylalkyl, e.g., pyridylmethyl;
  • R 2 is selected from H, d-dalkyl, C -C 9 cycloalkyl, C 4 -C 9 heterocycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl
  • Especially useful compounds of formula (lc), are those wherein R 2 is H, or -(CH 2 ) p CH 2 OH, wherein p is 1-3, especially those wherein Ri is H; such as those wherein R ⁇ is H and X and Y are each H, and wherein q is 1-3 and r is 0 or wherein q is 0 and r is 1-3, especially those wherein Z-i is N-R 20 .
  • R 2 is preferably H or -CH 2 - CH 2 -OH and the sum of q and r is preferably 1.
  • R 18 is H; halo; d-dalkyl (methyl, ethyl, f-butyl); C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl; aryl, e.g., unsubstituted phenyl or phenyl substituted by 4-OCH 3 or 4-CF 3 ; or heteroaryl;
  • R 20 is H; d-dalkyl, Crdalkyl-C 3 -C 9 cycloalkyl, e.g., cyclopropylmethyl; aryl; heteroaryl; arylalkyl, e.g., benzyl; heteroarylalkyl, e.g., pyridylmethyl; acyl, e.g., acetyl, propionyl and benzoyl; or sulfonyl, e.g., methanesulfonyl, ethanesulfonyl, benzenesulfony
  • Especially useful compounds of formula (Id), are those wherein R 2 is H or -(CH 2 ) p CH 2 OH, wherein p is 1-3, especially those wherein R ⁇ is H; such as those wherein Ri is H and X and Y are each H, and wherein q is 1-3 and r is 0 or wherein q is 0 and r is 1-3.
  • R 2 is preferably H or -CH 2 -CH 2 -OH and the sum of q and r is preferably 1.
  • the present invention further relates to compounds of the formula (le)
  • variable substituents are as defined above.
  • Especially useful compounds of formula (le) are those wherein R 18 is H, fluoro, chloro, bromo, a C C 4 alkyI group, a substituted d-dalkyl group, a C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl group, unsubstituted phenyl, phenyl substituted in the para position, or a heteroaryl, e.g., pyridyl, ring.
  • R 2 is H or -(CH 2 ) p CH 2 OH, wherein p is 1-3, especially those wherein R 1 is H; such as those wherein Ri is H and X and Y are each H, and wherein q is 1-3 and r is 0 or wherein q is 0 and r is 1-3.
  • R 2 is preferably H or -CH 2 -CH 2 -OH and the sum of q and r is preferably 1.
  • p is preferably 1 and R 3 and R 4 are preferably H.
  • R 18 is H, methyl, ethyl, f-butyl, trifluoromethyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl, 2-furanyl, 2-thiophenyl, or 2-, 3- or 4-pyridyl wherein the 2-furanyl, 2-thiophenyl and 2-, 3- or 4-pyridyl substituents are unsubstituted or substituted as described above for heteroaryl rings;
  • R 2 is H or -(CH 2 ) p CH 2 OH, wherein p is 1-3; especially those wherein R ⁇ is H and X and Y are each H, and wherein q is 1-3 and r is 0 or wherein q is 0 and r is 1-3.
  • R 2 is preferably H or -CH 2 -CH 2 -OH and the sum of q and r is preferably 1.
  • the present invention further relates to the compounds of the formula (If)
  • variable substituents are as defined above.
  • Useful compounds of formula (If), are include those wherein R 2 is H or -(CH 2 ) p CH 2 OH, wherein p is 1-3, especially those wherein R is H; such as those wherein Ri is H and X and Y are each H, and wherein q is 1-3 and r is 0 or wherein q is 0 and r is 1-3.
  • R 2 is preferably H or -CH 2 -CH 2 -OH and the sum of q and r is preferably 1.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, when appropriate, pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts and acid addition salts, for example, metal salts, such as alkali and alkaline earth metal salts, ammonium salts, organic amine addition salts and amino acid addition salts and sulfonate salts.
  • Acid addition salts include inorganic acid addition salts, such as hydrochloride, sulfate and phosphate; and organic acid addition salts, such as alkyl sulfonate, arylsulfonate, acetate, maleate, fumarate, tartrate, citrate and lactate.
  • metal salts are alkali metal salts, such as lithium salt, sodium salt and potassium salt; alkaline earth metal salts, such as magnesium salt and calcium salt, aluminum salt and zinc salt.
  • ammonium salts are ammonium salt and tetramethylammonium salt.
  • organic amine addition salts are salts with morpholine and piperidine.
  • amino acid addition salts are salts with glycine, phenylalanine, glutamic acid and lysine.
  • Sulfonate salts include mesylate, tosylate and benzene sulfonic acid salts.
  • the present invention relates to a combination comprising pharmaceutically effective amounts of a combination of: (a) an HDAI of formula (I); and (b) a death receptor ligand.
  • the present invention relates to a method for the prevention of treatment of proliferative diseases, such as cancer in a mammal, preferably a human patient, which comprises treating the patient concurrently or sequentially with pharmaceutically effective amounts of a combination of: (a) an HDAI of formula (I); and (b) a death receptor ligand.
  • the inventive method is a method for the prevention or treatment of leukemia. In another embodiment, the inventive method is a method for the prevention and treatment of AML.
  • a patient is treated concurrently or sequentially with therapeutically effective amounts of an HDAI and a death receptor ligand in order to prevent or treat proliferative diseases, such as cancer, according to a dosage regimen that is appropriate for the individual agent.
  • the HDAI may be administered once or more daily and the death receptor ligand may be administered once daily, on alternate days or on some other schedule, as is appropriate for the death receptor ligand when used without the HDAI.
  • One of skill in the art has the ability to determine appropriate pharmaceutically effective amounts of the combination components.
  • the HDAI is administered at an appropriate dose in the range from 100-1500 mg daily, e.g., 200-1000 mg/day, such as 200, 400, 500, 600, 800, 900 or 1000 mg/day, administered in one or two doses daily.
  • Appropriate dosages and the frequency of administration of the death receptor ligand will depend on such factors, as the nature and severity of the indication being treated, the desired response, the condition of the patient and so forth.
  • the compounds or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are administered locally, by intravenous injection, continuous infusion, sustained-release from implants, parenteral injections or other suitable technique. They may also be administered as an oral pharmaceutical formulation in the form of a tablet, capsule or syrup.
  • the present invention further relates to "a combined preparation", which, as used herein, defines especially a "kit of parts” in the sense that the combination partners (a) and (b), as defined above, can be dosed independently or by use of different fixed combinations with distinguished amounts of the combination partners (a) and (b), i.e., simultaneously or at different time points.
  • the parts of the kit of parts can then, e.g., be administered simultaneously or chronologically staggered, that is at different time points and with equal or different time intervals for any part of the kit of parts.
  • the two agents may be administered via the same route, or different routes may be used.
  • the ratio of the total amounts of the combination partner (a) to the combination partner (b) to be administered in the combined preparation can be varied, e.g., in order to cope with the needs of a patient sub-population to be treated or the needs of the single patient based on the severity of any side effects that the patient experiences.
  • the combination partner (a) or (b) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof may also be used in form of a hydrate or other solvate.
  • It is one objective of this invention to provide a pharmaceutical composition comprising a quantity, which is therapeutically effective against proliferative diseases including pre-malignant lesions, as well as both solid and undifferentiated malignancies, such as pre-malignant colon lesions or colon cancer or other malignancy comprising the combination of the invention.
  • the combination partners (a) and (b) can be administered together, one after the other or separately in one combined unit dosage form or in two separate unit dosage forms.
  • the unit dosage form may also be a fixed combination.
  • Reagents LAQ824 is provided by Novartis Pharmaceuticals Inc. (East Hanover, NJ).
  • the recombinant human trimeric form of Apo-2L/TRAIL is from Genentech, Inc. (South San Francisco, CA) and is produced in E. coll.
  • Anti-Bid and anti-Smac/DIABLO antibodies are provided by Dr. Xiaodong Wang of the University of Texas, Southwestern School of Medicine (Dallas, TX).
  • Monoclonal anti-XIAP antibody is purchased from Boehringer Mannheim (Indianapolis, IN).
  • Polyclonal anti-PARP and monoclonal anti-clAP-1 , caspase-9 and caspase-3 antibodies are purchased from Pharmingen Inc. (San Diego, CA).
  • Polyclonal anti-caspase-8 antibody is purchased from Upstate Biotechnology (Lake Placid, NY), while monoclonal anti-survivin is purchased from Alpha Diagnostic (San Antonio, TX).
  • DR4 antibody is purchased from Alexis Corp. (San Diego, CA).
  • Polyclonal anti-DR5 is obtained from Cayman Chemicals Co. (Ann Arbor, Ml).
  • the antibodies for the immunoblot analyses to detect the levels of p21 and p27 are obtained, as previously described.
  • Monoclonal anti- cytochrome oxidase-2 antibody is purchased from Molecular Probe (Eugene, OR).
  • z-VAD- FMK and LLnL are purchased from Calbiochem (San Diego, CA).
  • HL-60/Bcl-2 cells with ectopic over-expression of Bcl-2 and the control HL-60/Neo cells are created and maintained in culture as previously described.
  • Primary leukemia blasts from six patients with AML in relapse are harvested, as previously described, from the peripheral blood or bone marrow after informed consent, as a part of a protocol study sanctioned by the local Institutional Review Board.
  • the purity of leukemia blasts in the samples prior to culture in LAQ824 and/or Apo-2L/TRAIL was at least 80% or more, as determined by morphologic evaluation after Wright staining.
  • the flow cytometric evaluation of the cell cycle status is performed according to a previously described method.
  • the percentage of cells in the G1 , S-phase, and G2/M phases are calculated using Multicycle software (Phoenix Flow Systems, San Diego, CA).
  • Annexin-V Staining After drug treatments, cells are resuspended in 100 ⁇ L of the staining solution containing annexin-V fluorescein and propidium iodide in a HEPES buffer (Annexin-V- FLUOS Staining Kit, Boehringer-Mannheim, and Indianapolis, IN). Following incubation at room temperature for 15 minutes, annexin V positive cells are estimated by flow cytometry, as previously described.
  • the cells are homogenized with a 22-gauge needle, and the homogenates are centrifuged at 10,000 x g for 10 minutes at 4°C.
  • the supematants are further centrifuged at 100,000 x g for 30 minutes.
  • the resulting supematants (S-100) are collected and the protein concentrations are determined by using the BCA protein assay reagent from Pierce Biotechnology Inc. (Rockford, IL). A total of 75 ⁇ g of the S-100 fraction was used for Western blot analysis of cyt c, Smac and Omi/HtrA2.
  • Apo-2UTRAIL-lnduced DISC Analysis Untreated or LAQ824 treated SKW 6.4 or Jurkat cells are suspended at a final concentration of 10 6 cells/mL in a pre-warmed, complete RPMI media. Cells are treated with 100 ng/mL Apo-2L/TRAIL for 2 hours at 37° C, followed by washing with 1 mL of ice-cold PBS.
  • Cells are lysed in 500 ⁇ L lysis buffer (25 mM Tris-HCI, pH 7.2, 150 mM NaCI, 25 mM NaF, 1 mM benzamidine, 1.0% Triton X-100, 2 ⁇ g/mL aprotinin 2 ⁇ g/mL leupeptin, 1 ⁇ g/mL pepstin-A and 0.1 ⁇ g/mL PMSF) for 30 minutes on ice.
  • 100 ng/mL Apo-2L/TRAIL was added after lysis of cells, to immunoprecipitate non-stimulated Apo- 2L/TRAIL receptors.
  • One-hundred micrograms (100 ⁇ g) of the lysates was incubated at 4°C for 2 hours with 1 ⁇ g each of anti-Apo-2L/TRAIL receptor 1 & 2 (DR4 and DR5) antibodies, provided by Immunex Corp., Seattle WA.
  • the immune-complexes are incubated overnight at 4°C with 20 ⁇ L of protein A-agarose beads (Roche, Indianapolis, IN). The beads are recovered by centrifugation and washed twice with the lysis buffer. The pellet was resuspended in the sample buffer and analyzed by SDS-PAGE and immunoblot analysis using antibodies against caspase-8, DR5, DR4 and FADD.
  • Transfection of Dominant-Negative FADD cDNA Viable Jurkat cells are transfected with the cDNA of dominant negative FADD, which encodes for an 80-208 amino acid death effector domain-containing A erminus deleted fragment (NFD-4) cloned into pcDNA 3.1 plasmid (Invitrogen Corp., Carlsbad, CA) or the control vector (pcDNA 3.1 Zeo), utilizing LipofectAMINE PLUS reagent (Invitrogen Corp.). The transfectants are treated with Apo-2L/TRAIL and/or LAQ824, followed by the evaluation of the percentage of apoptotic cells.
  • FADD 80-208 amino acid death effector domain-containing A erminus deleted fragment
  • ChlP analysis was performed by a slight modification of a previously described method. Cells are incubated overnight at a density of 0.25 x 10 6 cells/ ml at 37°C with 5% C0 2 . Next day, cells are cultured with 0, 50, 100 or 250 nM of LAQ 824 for 24 hours. Formaldehyde was then added to the cells to a final concentration of 1%, and the ceils are gently shaken at room temperature for 10 minutes. Following this, the cells are pelleted, suspended in 1 mL of ice-cold PBS containing protease inhibitors (Complete, Boehringer Mannheim).
  • the supematants are diluted 3-fold in the immunoprecipitation buffer (0.01% SDS/1.0% Triton X-100/1.2 mM EDTA/16.7 mM Tris-HCI, pH 8.1/150 mM NaCI) and 80 ⁇ L of 50% protein A sepharose slurry containing 20 ⁇ g sonicated salmon sperm DNA and 1 mg/mL BSA in the TE buffer (10 mM Tris-HCI, pH 8.0/ 1 mM EDTA) was added and incubated by rocking for 2 hours at 4°C.
  • the immunoprecipitation buffer 0.01% SDS/1.0% Triton X-100/1.2 mM EDTA/16.7 mM Tris-HCI, pH 8.1/150 mM NaCI
  • Beads are pelleted by centrifugation, and supematants are placed in fresh tubes with 5 ⁇ g of the anti-acetylated histone H3 antibody, anti-acetylated histone H4 antibody, or normal rabbit serum and incubated overnight at 4°C.
  • Protein A sepharose slurry 60 ⁇ L was added, and the samples are rocked for 1 hour at 4°C. Protein A complexes are centrifuged and washed 3 times for 5 minutes each with immunoprecipitation buffer and 2 times for 5 minutes each with immunoprecipitation buffer containing 500 mM NaCI.
  • Immune complexes are eluted twice with 250 ⁇ L of elution buffer (1% SDS/0.1 M NaHC03) for 15 minutes at room temperature. Twenty microliters (20 mL) of 5 M NaCI was added to the combined eluates, and the samples are incubated at 65°C for 24 hours. EDTA, Tris-HCI, pH 6.5 and proteinase K are then added to the samples at a final concentration of 10 mM, 40 mM and 0.04 ⁇ g/ ⁇ L, respectively. The samples are incubated at 37°C for 30 minutes. Immunoprecipitated DNA (both immunoprecipitation samples and Input) was recovered by phenol/chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation and analyzed by PCR.
  • elution buffer 1% SDS/0.1 M NaHC03
  • DR5 and p21WAF1-specific primers are used to perform PCR on DNA isolated from ChlP experiments and Input samples. The optimal reaction conditions for PCR are determined for each primer pair.
  • forward primer was 5'- GGA GGA AAG AGA AAG AGA GAA AGG AAG G-3' and reverse primer was 5'-TTG GGG GAA ATG AGT TGA GGG AGG-3'.
  • the PCR reaction contained 0.2 mM concentration of dATP, dCTP, dGTP and dTTP, 200 nM of each DR5 promoter primer, 1.5 mM of MgCI 2 , and 10 x PCR buffer containing Tris-HCL (ph 8.0) 500 mM KCL, and 1 U of Tag polymerase (Invitrogen Carlsbad, CA).
  • the primer pairs used for p21WAF1 analysis are: 5'-GGT GTC TAG GTG CTC CAG GT-3' (dpi), 5'-TGTCTAGGTGCTCCAG-3' (up1).
  • the reactions are performed at 95°C for 5 minutes, and are followed by 35 cycles of de-naturating at 95°C for 1 minute, annealing at 56°C for 1 minute and extension at 72°C for 1 minute.
  • the PCR products are separated on 2% agarose/eithidium bromide gel.
  • the size of the amplified product was 253 base pairs.
  • the ratio between the immunoprecipitated DNA and Input DNA was calculated for each treatment and primer set. The fold increases after treatment with LAQ824 was calculated from the indicated ratio.
  • RNase protection assay A RiboQuant Multi-Probe RNase Protection Assay System was used according to the manufacturer's instructions (BD/PharMingen, San Diego, CA).
  • a probe set, hAPO-3d FLICE, FAS, DR5, DR4 and TRAIL was used for T7 RNA-polymerase directed synthesis of [ -32P] UTP-labeled antisense RNA probes.
  • the probe set contains the DNA templates, including gIyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) used as internal control.
  • GPDH gIyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
  • the probes (1 x 10 6 cpm/reaction) are hybridized with 20 ⁇ g of RNA isolated from the SKW 6.4 and Jurkat leukemia cells, following treatment with 100 nM LAQ824 at different time points using the RNeasy Mini kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA). After overnight hybridization, samples are digested with RNase to remove single-stranded (non-hybridized) RNA. The remaining probes are resolved on 5% de-naturing polyacrylamide gel and analyzed by autoradiography.
  • the primer sequences are as follows, forward primer: 5'-GCC CGA GCA CCG AGA CTA CG-3'; and reverse primer: 5'-AGG GAC GGD GAG CTG TGA GAC TG-3'.
  • ⁇ -actin forward primer 5'-CTA CAA TGA GCT GCG TGT GG-3'; and reverse primer: AAG GAA GGC TGG AAG AGT GC.
  • the PCR reaction containing 0.2 mM concentration of dATP, dCTP, dGTP, dTTP and 200 nM concentration of each c-FLIP primers and 50 nM of each ⁇ -actin primers, 1.5 mM of MgCI 2) and 10 x PCR buffer containing Tris-HCL (pH 8.0), 500 mM KCL and 1 U of Tag polymerase (Invitrogen Carlsbad, CA).
  • the reaction is performed at 95°C for 5 minutes, and is followed by 30 cycles of de-naturating at 95°C for 45 seconds, annealing at 52°C for 45 seconds and the extension at 72°C for one minute.
  • the PCR products are separated on a 2% agarose/eithidium bromide gel.
  • the size of the amplified products was 395 bases pairs for the c-FLIP and 527 base pairs for ⁇ -actin product, respectively.
  • Statistical Analyses Data are expressed as mean ⁇ SEM. Comparisons used student's t-test or ANOVA, as appropriate. P values of ⁇ 0.05 are assigned significance.
  • LAQ824 treatment induces p21 and p27, as well as causes cell cycle G1 phase accumulation and apoptosis of Jurkat and SKW 6.4 cells It has previously been reported that treatment with LAQ824 (5-250 nM) inhibits the in vitro HDAC activity in a dose-dependent manner in the HeLa cell nuclear extracts. Therefore, the effect of LAQ824 on histone acetylation, p21 and p27 levels, as well as on growth arrest and apoptosis of human acute leukemia Jurkat and SKW 6.4 cells is determined. Treatment with 50 nM or 200 nM LAQ824 for 24 hours increased the acetylation of histone H3 and histone H4 in Jurkat and SKW 6.4 cells.
  • LAQ824 mediated histone hyperacetylation is associated with a dose-dependent increase in the levels of p21 in SKW 6.4 but not Jurkat cells.
  • LAQ824 increases the intracellular levels of p27 in both SKW 6.4 and Jurkat cells
  • treatment with 200 nM of LAQ284 attenuated the p27 levels in both cell-types.
  • LAQ824 on the cell cycle status of SKW 6.4 and Jurkat cells shows that exposure to LAQ824 for 24 hours markedly increases the percentage of cells in the G1 phase and a decline in the S phase of the cell cycle. Importantly, exposure to 10-200 nM of LAQ824 for 24 hours induces apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, more in Jurkat than in SKW 6.4 cells, as detected by positive staining for annexin V.
  • LAQ824 induces DR4, DR5 and Apo-2L/TRAIL but attenuates the levels of FLIP, Bcl-2 and IAP family of proteins Based on its ability to induce apoptosis, the effect of LAQ824 on the intracellular levels of the molecular determinants of the extrinsic and intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in SKW 6.4 and Jurkat cells is determined. Exposure to LAQ824 for 24 hours induces Apo- 2L/TRAIL, DR4 and DR5 levels. Treatment with LAQ824 attenuates the levels of FLIPL and FLIPS in both SKW 6.4 and Jurkat cells.
  • LAQ824 increase the mRNA levels ofDR4 and DR5 but depletes the mRNA of c-FLIPL
  • Treatment with LAQ824 for 8 hours or 16 hours increased the mRNA expression of DR5 (2.4-fold) and FAS (1.5-fold).
  • DR4 levels increased by 2.2-fold only in SKW 6.4 cells. Exposure to LAQ824 only minimally affected the mRNA levels of Apo-2L/TRAIL and caspase-8 (FLICE).
  • LAQ824 enhances Apo-2L/TRAIL-induced DISC assembly and activity and apoptosis
  • the effects of LAQ824 on Apo-2L/TRAIL-induced DISC and apoptosis is determined, since agents that lower c-FLIP levels and increase DR5 and DR4 levels have been previously shown to enhance Apo-2L/TRAIL-induced DISC activity and apoptosis of leukemia and epithelial cancer cells.
  • Co-treatment with LAQ824 and Apo-2L/TRAIL induces significantly more apoptosis of Jurkat and SKW 6.4 cells, as compared to treatment with either agent alone (p ⁇ 0.05).
  • LAQ824 and/or Apo-2L/TRAIL overcomes the inhibition of apoptosis by Bcl-2 overexpression
  • the effects of LAQ824 and/or Apo-2L/TRAIL are compared in HL-60/Bcl-2 cells that possess ectopic over-expression of Bcl-2 (5-fold) versus the control HL-60/Neo cells.
  • LAQ824 mediates increase in p21 , p27, DR4 & 5 levels, as well as decline in FLIPL and FLIPS levels are approximately similar, as compared to the untreated in HL-60/Bcl-2 versus HL-60/Neo cells.
  • Co-treatment with LAQ824 overcomes resistance to Apo-2UTRAIL-induced apoptosis of leukemia blasts from patients with AML in relapse
  • the sensitivity of fresh AML cells procured from patients with relapsed AML to Apo-L/TRAIL and/or LAQ824-induced apoptosis is determined.
  • Table 1 shows that all six samples of AML blasts are resistant to apoptosis induced by Apo-2L/TRAIL (100 ng/mL).
  • exposure to LAQ824 100 nM
  • Co-treatment with LAQ824 and Apo-2L/TRAIL induces more apoptosis than treatment with either agent alone.
  • treatment of the primary AML sample with 100 nM and 250 nM LAQ824 also increases the DR5 expression on the cell membrane, as determined by flow cytometry, from a baseline of 17.5% to 33.2 and 62.4% of cells, respectively.
  • LAQ824 enhances Apo-2/L TRAIL-induced apoptosis.
  • Primary AML cells from six patients were treated with LAQ824 (100 nM) and/or Apo-2/L TRAIL (100 ng/mL) for 24 hours. Following this, percentage of apoptotic cells was determined by annexin V staining and flow cytometry. Values represent mean of two experiments performed in duplicate.

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US7741494B2 (en) 2005-07-14 2010-06-22 Takeda San Diego, Inc. Histone deacetylase inhibitors
JP2010519209A (ja) * 2007-02-15 2010-06-03 ノバルティス アーゲー 癌を処置するためのｌｂｈ５８９と他の治療剤の組み合わせ剤
WO2011084623A1 (en) * 2009-12-16 2011-07-14 The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health And Human Services Method of sensitizing cancer cells to the cytotoxic effects of death receptor ligands in cancer treatment
US9238069B2 (en) 2009-12-16 2016-01-19 The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health And Human Services Method of sensitizing cancer cells to the cytotoxic effects of death receptor ligands in cancer treatment

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BRPI0414506A (pt) 2006-11-07
AU2004271730A1 (en) 2005-03-24
US20070258972A1 (en) 2007-11-08
CN1852737A (zh) 2006-10-25
JP2007505860A (ja) 2007-03-15
EP1667720A1 (en) 2006-06-14

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