WO2005018832A1 - Coating method and apparatus - Google Patents
Coating method and apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005018832A1 WO2005018832A1 PCT/NZ2004/000201 NZ2004000201W WO2005018832A1 WO 2005018832 A1 WO2005018832 A1 WO 2005018832A1 NZ 2004000201 W NZ2004000201 W NZ 2004000201W WO 2005018832 A1 WO2005018832 A1 WO 2005018832A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- screen
- substrate
- powder
- coat
- image
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
- B05D5/06—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C19/00—Apparatus specially adapted for applying particulate materials to surfaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
- B05D1/04—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying involving the use of an electrostatic field
- B05D1/06—Applying particulate materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
- G03G15/08—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer
- G03G15/0896—Arrangements or disposition of the complete developer unit or parts thereof not provided for by groups G03G15/08 - G03G15/0894
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/28—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by transfer from the surfaces of elements carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. brushes, pads, rollers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D2252/00—Sheets
- B05D2252/02—Sheets of indefinite length
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/02—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
- B05D3/0254—After-treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/06—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation
- B05D3/061—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation using U.V.
- B05D3/065—After-treatment
- B05D3/067—Curing or cross-linking the coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/50—Multilayers
- B05D7/52—Two layers
- B05D7/54—No clear coat specified
- B05D7/542—No clear coat specified the two layers being cured or baked together
Definitions
- the invention relates to an improved method and apparatus for powder coating a substrate. More particularly the invention relates to coating a substrate with an image coat to decorate the surface with a pattern, image or texture.
- the electrostatic application of solid paint has remained largely unchanged for the last 30 years.
- Metal sheet or section substrates for painting are first pre-treated to degrease, clean, and/or enable the powdered paint to properly adhere to the surface of the substrate.
- the coating process is performed by electrostatically charging the powder in order to make the powder adhere to the surface of the earthed substrate.
- the substrate is then covered by spraying the powdered paint in an even layer before being placed into an oven where the substrate is heated until the powder sinters then melts and polymerises over the surface of the substrate.
- the electrostatic application process of the powder paint is generally one of two types, being: corona charging, or tribo charging and are well established in the powder coating industry.
- the present invention consists in a method of coating a substrate comprising: electrostatically applying at least one image coat of a powder paint to said substrate by: electrostatically charging a powder using a brush of a dielectric material, passing said powder through a substantially cylindrical electrically conductive and not earthed screen, while rotating the screen and advancing said substrate past said screen, and maintaining said substrate earthed.
- the invention consists in a method of coating a substrate comprising: applying at least one background coat of a first paint to said substrate, applying at least one image coat of at least a second powder paint to said substrate overtop said background coat, wherein said at least one image coat is applied to said substrate electrostatically through an electrically conductive and not earthed screen.
- the invention consists in, in apparatus for coating a substrate, the improvement comprising: means for electrostatically applying at least one image coat of a powder paint to said substrate, having a brush of a dielectric material for electrostatically charging said powder a substantially cylindrical electrically conductive and not earthed screen positioned above a carrier for said substrate, and a drive adapted to rotate said screen as it deposits said image coat on said substrate.
- the invention consists in apparatus for coating a substrate comprising: means for applying at least one background coat of a first paint to said substrate, means for electrostatically applying at least one image coat of a powder paint to said substrate including an electrically conductive and not earthed screen positioned above a carrier for said substrate.
- Figure 1 is a schematic drawing of the coating process of the present invention applied to a coil coating line.
- Figure 2 is an enlarged view of the rotary screen station of the schematic of Figure 1.
- Figure 3 is a perspective view of the rotary screen station according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 4 is a perspective view of a planar screen of an alternative embodiment.
- Figure 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating alternative embodiments for various stages in the coating process
- Figure 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating further alternative embodiments for various stages in the coating process.
- Figure 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating further alternative embodiments for various stages in the coating process.
- Figure 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating further alternative embodiments for various stages in the coating process.
- the coating process described is suitable for applying an image, pattern effect, and/or texture to a substrate or object, which is inherently electrically conductive (for example a metallic substrate) or alternatively, is non-conductive and is pre-treated in order to impart conductivity to the surface of the substrate.
- a substrate or object which is inherently electrically conductive (for example a metallic substrate) or alternatively, is non-conductive and is pre-treated in order to impart conductivity to the surface of the substrate.
- An example of pre-treating processes are the degreasing, washing and phospho-chromating of aluminium sections before the application of the base power coat.
- Other pre-treating processes may also be suitable, depending on the requirements of the substrate utilised (for example, whether conductive or not).
- the coating process that will be described refers mainly to a tribo charging method of applying a base powder coat
- the base coat may also be applied by a corona method or electro-magnetic brush method (EMB) as is known, in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention.
- EMB electro-magnetic brush method
- the polarity of the base coat must match the polarity of the image coat in order to avoid shorting and maintain image quality. Therefore the method and polarity of the process chosen to apply the image coat will be at least in part influenced by the method and polarity of the base coat application method. In the most preferred embodiment, positively tribo charging the base coat and image coat layers is preferred.
- the method described is suitable for the coating of heat sensitive substrates capable of withstanding temperatures of up to approximately 140°C, and solid paints (powder) that contain (or largely contain) no solvents and are thermally curable at temperatures less than approximately 140°C, or alternatively with solid paints that melt at less than approximately 100°C and are curable by electron beam (EB) or electromagnetic radiation, e.g. infa-red or ultra-violet.
- EB electron beam
- electromagnetic radiation e.g. infa-red or ultra-violet.
- the method of the invention is therefore applicable to many different types of substrates including wood, plastic, ceramic, mineral, glass, metal, and metal alloys or composite structures which may include a number of these materials.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a coating line generally indicated by the numeral 1.
- the substrate 2 is unwound from a supply coil 3 and proceeds down the coating line 1 before being wound onto storage coil 4, after the coating and decorating process has been completed.
- a tribo charging powder gun 5 applies a first layer of a coloured powdered solid paint 9 to the substrate 2.
- the powder of the background coat 9 is electro-statically held to the grounded substrate 3 as it passes onto the next (image) coating process. It should be noted that according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is not necessary to partially cure the background coating before the image coat is applied, and therefore there is no heating or curing step immediately following the base coat station 15. This is particularly preferred in conjunction with a coil coating process as the length of the line can be significantly reduced. Alternatively, an intermediate step may be introduced between the coating steps, to partially cure the base coat.
- the substrate progresses through an image coat station 16.
- the solid paint (powder) of the image coat 10 is applied through a screen 6, located above the surface of the substrate to be coated.
- the application screen 6 is preferably in the form of a rotating drum having a large number of small perforations in the outer surface through which the powder particles can pass. It is preferred that the minimum size of the perforations or apertures are at least the maximum size of the powder particles. In this way the resolution of the image coat can be adjusted.
- the image powder is made to a preferred particle size distribution and/or modified by additives such as fumed silicas or fumed Al 2 O 3 to prevent the powder form blocking the screen.
- the particle size of the solid paint is preferably less than 80 microns having an average particle size between 10 and 35 microns.
- the drum may be formed from a fine metal wire mesh or alternatively may be constructed from a cylindrical metal sheet filled with small perforations.
- a rotary screen such as that manufactured by Stork Prints BV of Boxmeer in the Netherlands for the textile printing industry and distributed under the name RotaMesh® is preferred as it is electro formed in nickel and does not have a prominent edge joining seam on its curved surface.
- This enables continuous lengths of substrate such as that in a coil coating line to have continuous images applied, which is a particularly advantageous feature of the present invention when applied to a coil coating line.
- a drum screen is also well suited to coating non-continuous sections such as sheets.
- the image applied may be a continuous wood grain or stone effect or other repeated pattern.
- the screen is prepared for example, by the application of a photo emulsion or capillary film which is then allowed to dry or set.
- the perforations in the drum which are sealed by the emulsion may be selectively opened, for example by etching the emulsion using known apparatus such as Stork Prints' LEX, or ecoLEN, or MAX systems to make the stencilled image.
- the screen is mounted into the etching machine which rotates the screen at a high rate while it etches across the width of the screen, selectively opening some of the perforations in the drum 6 to form the pattern (ablation method).
- the powder particles pass through the open mesh and deposit onto the substrate in the desired pattern.
- the diameter of the drum 6, will determine the size of the image which can be applied before the image repeats itself on subsequent rotations of the drum.
- a charging brush 7 is located inside the cylindrical screen 6.
- the charging brush 6 is arranged in a substantially vertical radial orientation and brushes against the inside lowermost portion of the rotating screen drum 6.
- the image defining emulsion is preferably applied to the outside of the drum 6 in order to reduce the tendency for the brush 6 to rub the emulsion off the drum, thereby degrading the image.
- the brush 7, is made from a dielectric material and is preferably nylon, polypropylene or PTFE, however other dielectric materials may also be used.
- the charging brush is constructed of a suitable material chosen for its position on the dielectric scale, to ensure the correct polarity of charge to the image coat powder.
- the charging brush 7 may also be a composite material, where for example the dielectric material is provided as a coating over a base material.
- the charging brush 7 is electrically earthed.
- the powder paint 11 is fed in front of the brush 7 contact area, evenly along the length of the cylindrical screen 6.
- the brush remains stationary while the cylindrical screen 6 revolves about the brush 7.
- the bristles of the charging brush 7 preferably contact the screen with a force less than 20kg/m 2 ' to tribo charge the image powder particles, and to urge the powder though the screen.
- the screen is fabricated from a conductive material, and is not earthed. In this way the powder paint 11 is tribo charged with little or no loss of charge to the cylindrical screen 6, and the distribution of charge is substantially even.
- the screen 6 does not contact the substrate 2 during the application of the powder paint and is rotatably mounted in insulating supports.
- a drive is provided to rotate the drum.
- the drum is rotated at a speed and in a direction so that the tangential speed of the drum skin matches the advance speed and direction of the substrate.
- the distance between the outer surface of the screen 6 and the substrate 2 is preferably no more that 50mm and no less than 0.5mm. In a most preferred embodiment the separation gap is between 5 and 20mm.
- Figure 3 illustrates a substrate 2 supported by rollers on a section of coil line 1, as it passes beneath a rotary screen 6.
- the stationary charging brush 7 is mounted within the cylindrical rotating screen 6 and spans its entire width.
- the solid paint 10, having been charged with the charging brush 7, is electrostatically attracted to the grounded substrate 2, through the open perforations in the cylindrical screen 6, and is held on the substrate 2 by the electrostatic charge.
- the complete image coat After the complete image coat is electrostatically applied to the substrate 2, it proceeds to heating station 17. At station 17 it passes through oven 8 (or electromagnetic curing stage) for the final curing step before the substrate is allowed to cool and is rewound onto coil 4 for storage. It will be appreciated that the precise nature of the curing step will depend on the nature of the powder paint, and substrate, and is known in the art. For the illustrated continuous process it will be appreciated that a tunnel oven of length appropriate to the advance speed of the substrate and melt and curing time of the paint will be necessary.
- Figure 4 is a perspective view of the image coating process wherein the screen 12 is substantially planar in shape. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that applying a pattern to the planar screen is less difficult than applying a pattern to a rotary screen such as that described in the previous embodiment. However, it will also be appreciated that a planar screen is more suited to applying a pattern or texture to a section or non-continuous substrate. However, a planar screen may be used for applying an image coat to a continuous coil. An alternative example process of selectively opening the perforations in a screen is similar to that previously described for a rotating screen.
- a positive film is placed on the emulsion side of the screen and exposed to UV light which hardens the emulsion in the areas required.
- the screen is then washed to remove the unhardened emulsion thereby selectively opening perforations in the screen and producing the stencilled image.
- capillary film may also be used in place of a liquid emulsion as is known in the art. Suitable capillary films, for example, are made by Kissel + Wolf GmbH.
- the fabrication of a planar screen may be analogous to that of a rotary screen. Usually a metal frame has a screen mesh stretched over it to produce the planar screen. Suitable conductive meshes for fabricating the screens include stainless steel, for example, produced by Asada in Japan or a metalised polymer mesh.
- the planar screen 12 is stationary and the charging brush 13 moves along the planar screen 13 in the directions of arrow 14. In this way the powder particles are tribo charged and electrostatically applied to the grounded substrate through the open apertures in the patterned screen.
- the charging brush may be cylindrical in shape and be radially bristled.
- the diameter of the brush is relatively small so that the powder is urged through the screen (rotary or planar) along a thin line in order to maintain an accurate image.
- the first powder coat or background base coat may be applied by a corona charging method such as illustrated schematically in Figure 5.
- the first background base powder coat may be applied by any method known in the art and does not form part of the present invention.
- Figure 6 illustrates the application of the first base powder coat via an electromagnetic brush method.
- the polarity of the base coat(s) and image(s) coat must be the same and the image coat powder speed to be corona charged rather than tribo charged.
- applying the basecoat via the corona method is also applied using substantially the corona method.
- a voltage potential is applied to the conductive screen 6; this causes the screen to act as a large electrode to cause electric field lines between the screen and the earthed substrate, the second electrode.
- the screen charges the powder in this embodiment as it passes thru the screen and follows the electric field lines between the screen and substrate where the powder then electrostaticly adheres.
- FIG. 7 the base coat is applied by spraying a liquid paint or slurry and subsequent drying the liquid fraction before the image coat is applied.
- Figure 8 the liquid paint or slurry is applied by a roller and the liquid fraction is subsequently dried off before the image coat is applied overtop the base coat by the method described in the present invention.
- the solid paint could be luminescent effect solid paint or a blend of metallic, or ceramic, or photo luminescent "effect" pigments blended or bonded to the solid paint. In this way artistic and creative images, pattern effects and/or textures may be applied.
- the imaged solid paint may be melt fused to the substrate before another image coat is applied, or the image coats may be applied sequentially and then melt fused together and/or cured using thermal or combination thermal and electromagnetic radiation curing methods. Additionally, a non-image solid paint may also be applied, for example a clear coat prior to the final curing step.
- the solid paints largely contain binders comprising one or more of the following polymer types although many types and hybrids including but not limited to acrylic, epoxy, hydroxyl- alkyl-amide, polyester, polyurethane, or silicone, are also suitable.
- the powder coating material used for the process according to the invention can be any thermal curing or electromagnetic radiation curing powder that is suitable for the substrate in question, comprising the known powder binders, cross-linking agents, pigments and/or additives.
- the resulting coating may be a smooth finish, a textured finish or a metallic effect. Examples of powder coating compositions that can be cured with UV-radiation are described in EP-A 739922, EP-A 702067 or EP-A 636660. Examples of powder coating compositions that are suitable for being cured by means of near infra red (NIR) radiation are described in WO 99/41323.
- NIR near infra red
- the imaging powder coating may include additives such as those disclosed in US Patent 6,113,980 e.g. Tinuvin 144, Tinuvin 111 FD of Ciba.
- additives such as those disclosed in US Patent 6,113,980 e.g. Tinuvin 144, Tinuvin 111 FD of Ciba.
- Examples of other types of additives for controlling the electrostatic charge effect are Texaquat 900, and Texaquat 3226 from Henkel. These products are particularly useful for allowing build up of powder on powder before curing without resulting in the phenomenon known as back ionisation.
- Fumed silica and/or aluminium oxide may also be included as a powder dry flow additive.
- Cabot Corporation sells examples of fumed silica under the tradename "Cab-O-Sil" e.g. Cab- O-Sil TS530.
- Degussa Corporation sells an example of aluminum oxide under the tradename "Aluminum Oxide C”, and also sells fumed silica under the tradename "Aerosil” e.g. "AEROSIL 200", “AEROSIL R-972".
- the image application, method and apparatus allows the manufacture of images, pattern effects, and/or texture on heat insensitive substrates able to withstand temperatures of 140°C or alternatively higher temperature curing powder coating materials may be used depending on particular requirements and/or where the substrate is capable of withstanding higher temperatures, particularly where the substrate is metallic.
- the coating process includes a rotating conductive screen for depositing powder for an image coat onto a continuously advancing substrate. This allows for efficient image or texture application on effectively continuous materials, such as a coil of metal sheet.
- the image coat is deposited on top of an unfired background coat.
- the background powder and image powder are fixed and cured at the same stage of the process. This effectively excludes an intervening curing step and associated equipment providing a substantial saving in production line cost and size.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2004266990A AU2004266990A1 (en) | 2003-08-26 | 2004-08-26 | Coating method and apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NZ52783303A NZ527833A (en) | 2003-08-26 | 2003-08-26 | Application of powder paint using dielectric brush to charge powder, and rotating screen |
NZ527833 | 2003-08-26 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005018832A1 true WO2005018832A1 (en) | 2005-03-03 |
Family
ID=34214936
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/NZ2004/000201 WO2005018832A1 (en) | 2003-08-26 | 2004-08-26 | Coating method and apparatus |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AU (1) | AU2004266990A1 (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ527833A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005018832A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2292338A1 (en) * | 2009-09-07 | 2011-03-09 | Benteler Automobiltechnik GmbH | Coating method |
WO2011134986A1 (en) | 2010-04-29 | 2011-11-03 | Akzo Nobel Coatings International B.V. | Method for applying a powder coating |
WO2013144127A1 (en) | 2012-03-28 | 2013-10-03 | Akzo Nobel Coatings International B.V. | Method for applying a powder coating |
JP2016059869A (en) * | 2014-09-17 | 2016-04-25 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | Powder coating device and powder coating method |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3777214A (en) * | 1968-12-30 | 1973-12-04 | Continental Can Co | Method and apparatus for electrostatically charging particles for printing or coating |
WO1991012083A1 (en) * | 1990-02-06 | 1991-08-22 | Pierre De Mouveaux | Device for providing homogeneity, uniformity and controllability of the electrostatic deposition of liquids or powders on ungrounded substrates in a high-voltage generator |
WO1996039256A1 (en) * | 1995-06-06 | 1996-12-12 | Sarnoff Corporation | Apparatus for electrostatically depositing and retaining materials upon a substrate |
US5698269A (en) * | 1995-12-20 | 1997-12-16 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Electrostatic deposition of charged coating particles onto a dielectric substrate |
-
2003
- 2003-08-26 NZ NZ52783303A patent/NZ527833A/en unknown
-
2004
- 2004-08-26 WO PCT/NZ2004/000201 patent/WO2005018832A1/en active Application Filing
- 2004-08-26 AU AU2004266990A patent/AU2004266990A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3777214A (en) * | 1968-12-30 | 1973-12-04 | Continental Can Co | Method and apparatus for electrostatically charging particles for printing or coating |
WO1991012083A1 (en) * | 1990-02-06 | 1991-08-22 | Pierre De Mouveaux | Device for providing homogeneity, uniformity and controllability of the electrostatic deposition of liquids or powders on ungrounded substrates in a high-voltage generator |
WO1996039256A1 (en) * | 1995-06-06 | 1996-12-12 | Sarnoff Corporation | Apparatus for electrostatically depositing and retaining materials upon a substrate |
US5698269A (en) * | 1995-12-20 | 1997-12-16 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Electrostatic deposition of charged coating particles onto a dielectric substrate |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2292338A1 (en) * | 2009-09-07 | 2011-03-09 | Benteler Automobiltechnik GmbH | Coating method |
WO2011134986A1 (en) | 2010-04-29 | 2011-11-03 | Akzo Nobel Coatings International B.V. | Method for applying a powder coating |
US9044779B2 (en) | 2010-04-29 | 2015-06-02 | Akzo Nobel Coatings International B.V. | Method for applying a powder coating |
WO2013144127A1 (en) | 2012-03-28 | 2013-10-03 | Akzo Nobel Coatings International B.V. | Method for applying a powder coating |
US9586232B2 (en) | 2012-03-28 | 2017-03-07 | Akzo Nobel Coatings International B.V. | Method for applying a powder coating |
JP2016059869A (en) * | 2014-09-17 | 2016-04-25 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | Powder coating device and powder coating method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2004266990A1 (en) | 2005-03-03 |
NZ527833A (en) | 2006-06-30 |
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