WO2005018305A1

WO2005018305A1 - The 'goshchauski' method to fight against the colorado beetle

Info

Publication number: WO2005018305A1
Application number: PCT/BY2003/000009
Authority: WO
Inventors: Nikolai Erchak; Viktar Basak; Viktar Brych; Dmitry Yearchuk
Original assignee: Dept For Problems Of Polesiye; Nikolai Erchak; Viktar Basak; Viktar Brych; Dmitry Yearchuk
Priority date: 2003-08-25
Filing date: 2003-08-25
Publication date: 2005-03-03
Also published as: AU2003266032A1

Abstract

The claimed method of fighting against the Colorado beetle on the Solanaceae plantations consists in the following: from all the sides of the perimeter of the main field (5) with the Solanaceae plantations one or more protective strips (2) with the material attractive to the Colorado beetle and one or more dividing strips (4) of plants not attractive to the Colorado beetle or fallow strips are made, while one of the dividing strips (4) is bound to lie between the main field (5) and a protective strip (2), and if necessary additional dividing strips are alternating with protective strips as well as they are dividing the main field, then the Colorado beetles attracted to the protective strips have to be exterminated by any acceptable means.

Description

THE "GOSHCHAUSKI" METHOD TO FIGHT AGAINST THE COLORADO BEETLE

The invention relates to agriculture and environment protection and can be used when working out ecology friendly ways of the Solanaceae growing and fighting against the Colorado beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say. The invention being claimed is named the "Goshchauski" method. . Annually agricultural producers spend a lot of means on buying, keeping and using insecticides against the Colorado beetle. Besides, chemical insecticides pollute both the agricultural production and the environment. Well-known is the way to protect potatoes against the Colorado beetle without using pesticides with the help of cariophilene attractant, which is found in volatile organic compounds, excreted by Colorado beetles and potato leaves, and which is used to attract pests into traps [1]. The shortcoming of this way is that the attractant has an effect only during two periods: before potato young growth. appearance and after harvesting. There is no sense in using this substance during intensive vegetation since the insects will willingly colonize the whole field, not only the traps. Another drawback of the way is that it requires special technological equipment and great expenses for an attractant production. There is also known another way to fight against pests without using of pesticides. The construction for their extermination is made in a form of a chassis, moved along the field by a vehicle [2]. On a chassis there is installed a ventilator, which pulls pests up from agricultural plants together with air. The heater connected with the ventilator raises the temperature of the air pulled in to such an extent, that the insects die. But the use of this method is power-consuming and requires expensive special equipment that raises cost price of the agricultural production produced. Besides, together with the pests other insects including useful ones are exterminated, that can be one of the main obstacles for using and updating of this method. An object of the claimed invention is to work out an effective ecology friendly way of fighting against the Colorado beetle and to prevent its colonizing of the surrounding territories in spring, summer and autumn, when it is active on the soil surface, that allows to avoid mass using of insecticides. This task is solved with the claimed method of fighting against the Colorado beetle on the Solanaceae plantations. It consists in the following: from all the sides (or from the side of the possible migration of the Colorado beetle) of the perimeter of the main field with the Solanaceae plantations or of the field that was under the Solanaceae plantations or of the field intended for the Solanaceae plantations in future one or more protective strips with the material attractive to the Colorado beetle and one or more dividing strips of plants not attractive to the Colorado beetle or fallow strips are made, while one of the dividing strips is bound to lie between the main field and a protective strip, and if necessary additional dividing strips are alternating with protective strips as well as they are dividing the main field, then the Colorado beetles attracted to the protective strips have to be exterminated by any acceptable means. The breadth of the protective strip, varies from one row of the Solanaceae plantation to one and more passages of a standard planting machine. The breadth of the dividing strip makes one or more passages of the corresponding agricultural machine, for example, a seed drill, a reaping machine or a mowing one or other and can be hundreds meters broad. As the material attractive to the Colorado beetle on the protective strips there are used rows of the Solanaceae plants and/or rows of lures — artificial sources of intensive smell of the Solanaceae, which are simple surface constructions, in particular, vertical and/or inclined nets, cloths and/or other species plants, and/or fallow rows, treated with a special composition attractive to the Colorado beetle — the Solanacea juice, extracts, attractants etc. The protective strips of the Solanaceae plants are made earlier and/or later than the main plantation, so that to differ from the planting time of the main field. The Solanaceae plantations on protective strips make at least one continuous or broken row, that is/are laid in early spring so that leafy tops grew out by the moment when the pests recover from hibernation. The late summer and early autumn Solanaceae plantations on the protective strips are laid during pre- and harvesting period so that intensive vegetation continues till the pests' hibernation. To provide the fullest protection of the Solanaceae during the whole vegetation period the protective strips with spring, summer or early autumn plantations are combined with the protective strips with the Solanaceae planted together with the main field. The main field, as in the previous cases, should be separated from the alternating protective strips by the. dividing strips. Pests attracted by smell first settle on the protective strips, where they are systematically gathered and/or exterminated by- any acceptable means (from hand gathering to chemical treatment). If it is necessary to protect plantations on the protective strips from light frosts there can be used shelters made of suitable material that allows the smell of the Solanaceae vegetating pass out, or smoke screening while burning suitable materials or special smoke-screening means, or irrigation by sprinkling. The preferable variant of the invention presupposes that the shelters against light frosts be saturated with the Solanaceae extracts. To ensure the best results, along the shelters or on them at certain intervals or without a break there are put or constructed local or continuous traps of any form, containing extracts from the Solanaceae or their vegetating organs, or other effective means to attract the Colorado beetle. In order to disorient the pests the Solanaceae shoots on the main field are treated with odorous compounds of some other nature, in particular, with the Labiatae, Compositae, Geraniaceae and some other extracts. One of the variants to carry out the₄ invention presupposes that protective strips are made with the material suitable as a shelter without planting of the Solanaceae but with growing of early or late vegetables or other cultures. In this case the above mentioned shelters to attract the pests are saturated with the Solanaceae extracts or attractants. Pursuing the same purpose, above the shelters or under them there are laid out tubers (or their fragments), vegetating organs of the Solanaceae. The way can combine any constructions of the protective strips described above. For instance, a protective strip of the Solanaceae planted early in spring and protected from frosts with a shelter saturated with extracts from the Solanaceae plants and together with traps installed on it, is combined with protective lure- strips with traps alternating with dividing strips of plants not attractive to the Colorado beetle, for example, with the winter rye. Besides, the lure-strips described above can be used to prevent the colonizing by the Colorado beetle of the adjoining territories and to decrease its •population. The main goal of such strips is to attract the Colorado beetles from adjoining fields during the whole period of their activity on the soil surface for their concentration and extermination. In private cases the whole construction can be one lure-strip of any form in any convenient part of the field and it can consist of one or more rows of the Solanaceae and adjoining plantations of other plants including trees and bushes treated with the Solanaceae extracts to enhance an attracting affect. The lure-strips described above are made in any quantities and combinations. Regular extermination of the pests on protective strips allows to decrease the population of the Colorado beetle on the main field by 90 and more per cent without using insecticides on it. The invention is explained with a drawing. Figure 1 is a part of the field with a combination of protective lure-strips of early-spring or late-summer plantations (1), protective strips with a plantation (2) simultaneous with the main field (5) of the Solanaceae, strips adjoining protective strips from the outer side of the field and treated with the Solanaceae extracts to enhance the smell (3) and dividing strips of other crops or ploughing (4). The examples below demonstrate the possibility to carry out the method claimed but do not limit its volume. An example. The method is carried out in the following way. In autumn before the year of potatoes planting along the perimeter of the field in the distance equal to 1-10 passages of a standard planting machine from the sides of the possible migration of pests there is sown a strip of winter rye. In spring 2-3 weeks earlier before planting of the main field from the outer side of the strip with winter rye the first protective strip consisting of four rows of an early kind of potatoes is planted and covered with a shelter, for example, spanbond, so that shoots were not damaged by spring light frost. During the period optimal according to agricultural and technical requirements potatoes are planted on the main field and on the second protective strip along the perimeter of the field. To enhance the effect, between the first and the second protective strips or on one of them there can be installed local lure- traps, and a shelter (spanbond) is saturated with extracts from potato tubers. Plantations of other crops adjoining the outer side of the first strip are treated with the Solanaceae extracts to enhance the attracting effect and thus to make an additional lure-strip. Later on due to weather conditions if necessary its treatment with the Solanaceae extracts can be repeated. After the decrease of the protective ability of the first strip (aging and drying of leaves) a protective and attracting function can be carried out by the second strip planted simultaneously with the main field, as well as by the additional lure-strip. To prevent colonizing by pests of adjoining territories in autumn, in midsummer after harvesting the first strip is planted with potatoes for a second time so that intensive vegetation of its surface organs took place during the traditional harvesting, while to protect the plants from early autumn light frosts a shelter made of spanbond is used. In this case potato plantations are protected against the Colorado beetle during the whole period of vegetation. To prevent the spreading of the Colorado beetles from the gathered in Solanaceae plantations after their hibernation the fields mentioned above are protected with lure-strips during several following years, while the Solanaceae plants are not planted. Such a combination of the above described ways gives the possibility to concentrate pests at most on the protective strips and to make their population on the main field economically safe, which allows not to use insecticides on it, since the pests will settle on the nearest plantations on the protective strips where they are systematically exterminated. Thus, the claimed method to fight against the Colorado beetle is ecology friendly, since the main field is not treated with chemicals and the pests are exterminated only on the protective strips. Technical and economical advantages of the method are based on its simplicity and possibility of practical fulfillment. The large scale use of the method can improve the ecological situation in the districts of the Solanaceae growing, decrease expenditures on pesticides, fuel, machinery and increase economic effectiveness of the Solanaceae growing on the whole.

References 1. Official Gazette of Russian Patent Office. — M., 1999. — JYal3. — No2129786, Int. CI. A 01 N 25/00, 1997. 2. U.S. patent documents. — 5974728. — 2/1999. — Int. CI. A 01 M 5/08.

Claims

1. The method of fighting against the Colorado beetle on the Solanaceae plantations is peculiar in the following: from all the sides, or from the side of the possible migration of the Colorado beetle, of the main field with the Solanaceae plantations, or of the field that was under the Solanaceae plantations or of the field intended for the Solanaceae plantations in future one or more protective strips with the material attractive to the Colorado beetle and one or more dividing strips of plants not attractive to the Colorado beetle or fallow strips are created, while one of the dividing strips is bound to lie between the main field and protective strips, and if necessary additional dividing strips are alternating with. protective strips as well as they are dividing the main field, then the Colorado beetles attracted to the protective strips are exterminated by any acceptable means.

2. The method according, to claim 1 wherein the breadth of the protective strip varies from one row of the Solanaceae plantation to one and more passages of a standard planting machine-.

3. The method according to claim 1 wherein the breadth of the dividing strip makes one or more passages of a corresponding agricultural machine.

4. The method according to claim 1 wherein as the material attractive to the Colorado beetle on the protective strips there are used rows of the Solanaceae plants and/or rows of lures — artificial sources of intensive smell of the Solanaceae or attractants.

5. The method according to claim 1 wherein the protective rows of the Solanaceae are made of early and/or late planting of the plants so that to differ from the planting time of the main field.

6. The method according to claim 1 wherein the protective strips are provided with traps for the Colorado beetles.

7. The method according to claims 1-5 wherein in order to disorient the Colorado beetles the Solanaceae plants on the main field are treated with solutions or compositions of disorienting substances.

8. The method according to claim 5 wherein in order to guarantee the protection from light frosts, plantations on protective strips are covered, if necessary, with shelters made of the material which allows the smell of the Solanaceae vegetating pass up.

9. The method according to claim 8 wherein the shelters against light frosts are saturated with extracts from the Solanaceae plants.

10. The method according to claim 8 wherein the plantations on protective strips are protected from light frosts with smoke screening while burning suitable materials or using special smoke-screening materials, or with irrigation by sprinkling.

11. The method according to any of claims 1-10 wherein protective and dividing , strips are made in any quantities and combinations.