WO2005003047A1 - Pane which can be heated by means of invisible light - Google Patents
Pane which can be heated by means of invisible light Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005003047A1 WO2005003047A1 PCT/IB2004/050994 IB2004050994W WO2005003047A1 WO 2005003047 A1 WO2005003047 A1 WO 2005003047A1 IB 2004050994 W IB2004050994 W IB 2004050994W WO 2005003047 A1 WO2005003047 A1 WO 2005003047A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- pane
- light
- glass
- invisible light
- windscreen
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10339—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60S1/00—Cleaning of vehicles
- B60S1/02—Cleaning windscreens, windows or optical devices
- B60S1/023—Cleaning windscreens, windows or optical devices including defroster or demisting means
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/006—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with materials of composite character
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/28—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with organic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/0033—Heating devices using lamps
- H05B3/0038—Heating devices using lamps for industrial applications
- H05B3/0042—Heating devices using lamps for industrial applications used in motor vehicles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
- H05B3/86—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields the heating conductors being embedded in the transparent or reflecting material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60S1/00—Cleaning of vehicles
- B60S1/02—Cleaning windscreens, windows or optical devices
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/40—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer
- C03C2217/43—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase
- C03C2217/46—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase characterized by the dispersed phase
- C03C2217/48—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase characterized by the dispersed phase having a specific function
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2214/00—Aspects relating to resistive heating, induction heating and heating using microwaves, covered by groups H05B3/00, H05B6/00
- H05B2214/02—Heaters specially designed for de-icing or protection against icing
Definitions
- the invention relates to a pane which can be heated by means of invisible light
- the windscreen can be heated by means of a lamp radiating infrared light.
- the lamp is positioned under the windscreen.
- the lamp has to burn for an extended period of time in order to warm the windscreen because the heating capacity is low-efficiency.
- red light is radiated forwards from the windscreen. This compromises safety because red light characterizes the rear end of a car.
- the car windscreen must be transparent and clear of any materials that may interrupt vision. Condensation and ice form on the windscreen in cold weather conditions, drastically reducing visibility and, therefore, preventing safe driving.
- the pane possesses a material which is permeable to visible light and which absorbs invisible light. The material absorbs the light and converts the light energy into heat. This heat is transmitted to the pane which is then warmed up, and any ice and condensation on the pane are also warmed up and cleared.
- the material which is permeable to visible light and which absorbs invisible light is simply applied to the pane as a film coating.
- the pane is advantageously designed as a laminated pane with a film which possesses a material which is permeable to visible light and which absorbs invisible light.
- One such multilayer pane is used as a windscreen in vehicles.
- a plastic film which is integrated into one such windscreen is impregnated with a dye which possesses the absorbent material.
- the material advantageously absorbs invisible light in the infrared range, hereinafter also referred to as the IR range, with a wavelength greater than 750 nm.
- the material advantageously absorbs invisible light in the ultraviolet range, hereinafter also referred to as the UV range, with a wavelength of less than 400 nm.
- UV light is rich in energy and can, therefore, achieve a high thermal output.
- the material advantageously absorbs invisible light in the IR and UV range. A higher thermal output can be achieved by using radiation from both ranges simultaneously.
- the light is advantageously coupled into the pane. Consequently, a light source is positioned in such a way that the light is conducted directly into a pane.
- the light source is positioned on or in the pane, the light is coupled directly into the pane.
- the light is advantageously coupled in via a fibre glass element or another optical fibre.
- the light can be coupled to several ends of the windscreen from a centrally positioned light source via several optical fibres. Distribution of the absorbent material advantageously possesses a gradient.
- the absorption gradient is low at a point of entry of the light so as to absorb strong radiation a little and higher at points which are further away from the point of entry of the light so as to absorb weak radiation more. Consequently, areas which are far apart can also be warmed well with radiation which has already been weakened, or places which are in particular need of being heated up can be warmed up more.
- the light advantageously strikes the surfaces of an absorber, which possesses the absorbent material, at a specified angle of incidence.
- This type of absorber is designed as a film, layer, coating or partial coating.
- the light, or light beam or light radiation to be more precise, is guided within a pane at a specified angle, which is known as wave guiding.
- the pane is advantageously used as a windscreen, with at least one glass element, in a vehicle.
- One such pane can be used in a vehicle as a front or rear windscreen made from glass or plastic.
- Such windscreens, with at least one glass element are designed as panes of multilayer glass with an outer pane of glass, an inner pane of glass and a plastic film in-between, which is impregnated with a dye.
- Light is used to heat the window pane, so as to clear any condensation or ice. This is achieved by either using infrared-absorbent material and a light source which radiates infrared light and which is integrated into the pane, hereinafter referred to as the pane of glass or glass, or alternatively by means of a material, which absorbs near UV light, and a near UV light source. Irrespective of the method, the absorber must be transparent for the visible range so as to preserve the transparency of the window, and the light source must radiate within the invisible portion of the spectrum so as to avoid any reduction in contrast. Light is used which is invisible to the human eye so as to increase the temperature of the glass by means of an absorbent material which is integrated into the pane of glass.
- the light which can be used is radiated under 380 nm, in the near UV range, from indium, gallium and nitrogen-based light-emitting diodes, or InGaN or GaN-LEDs for short.
- This light can be absorbed by many different materials which do not absorb light in the visible range, which means that they are completely transparent to the eye.
- the material is either distributed in the glass as an intermediate layer or is applied to the glass as a coating. To come back to the near UV light, this light is distributed within the glass by means of total internal reflection, and the absorbing material converts the light energy into heat.
- near IR light e.g. with a wavelength above 750 nm
- a near IR-absorbent material e.g. with a wavelength above 750 nm
- the LEDs or other light sources are positioned in such a way that the light is effectively conducted into the windscreen and distributed by means of total reflection.
- the absorbent material can also be distributed within the window with a density gradient in order to create different thermal outputs across the windscreen. Even though this type of pane is primarily used as a windscreen in a vehicle, this principle can also be transferred to other applications. It works on the principle that the light is distributed within the glass by means of internal total reflection.
- the absorbent material must have a concentration gradient, where possible, so that the thermal output is distributed homogeneously within the pane of glass. It may also be applied with precise distribution in cases where some areas require higher temperatures than other areas. Light may also be conducted between the light source and the window glass by means of glass fibres or other optical fibres.
- Fig. 1 shows a heatable pane of multilayer glass with lamps radiating infrared light
- Fig. 2 shows a heatable pane
- Fig. 3 shows an absorption spectrum for an IR light-absorbent dye
- Fig. 4 shows a further absorption spectrum for another IR light-absorbent dye.
- Fig. 1 shows a pane of multilayer glass 1 with an outer pane of glass 2, an inner pane of glass 3 and a plastic film 4 in-between, which is impregnated with a dye.
- the dye possesses UV light and IR light-absorbent material.
- the plastic film 4 acts as an absorption layer.
- Lamps 5, 6, 7 and 8 radiating infrared light are distributed evenly along the side face 9 of the pane of multilayer glass 1 and radiate infrared light with a wavelength of 909 - 910 nm.
- Fig. 2 shows a heatable pane 21 with a strip of glass 22 and an absorption layer 23.
- the strip of glass 22 is spray-coated with an IR light-absorbent dye.
- IR radiation with a wavelength of 950 nm is admitted into the pane of glass. Precisely because of the abso ⁇ tion of the layer 23, the light creates energy in the layer 23 which increases the temperature of the abso ⁇ tion layer 23 and, thus, the temperature of the pane of glass 22.
- Fig. 3 shows an abso ⁇ tion spectrum in which abso ⁇ tion is applied across the wavelength.
- One such abso ⁇ tion spectrum is achieved with a coating of Epolight 2063, dye no. IV-62B, recommended for laser diodes and coatings with maximum abso ⁇ tion at 910 nm, with dark green powder, abso ⁇ tion coefficient 74.
- the melting point is 147°C to 150°C.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP03101990.4 | 2003-07-03 | ||
EP03101990 | 2003-07-03 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2005003047A1 true WO2005003047A1 (en) | 2005-01-13 |
Family
ID=33560842
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IB2004/050994 WO2005003047A1 (en) | 2003-07-03 | 2004-06-24 | Pane which can be heated by means of invisible light |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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WO (1) | WO2005003047A1 (en) |
Cited By (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2010063434A1 (en) * | 2008-12-03 | 2010-06-10 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Device for heating windows, heatable window |
FR2967117A1 (en) * | 2010-11-09 | 2012-05-11 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | Windscreen defogging and defrosting device for car, has absorbing unit absorbing infrared radiation, and infrared radiation sources arranged on base of joint on which lower edge of windscreen rests |
WO2012142075A1 (en) | 2011-04-13 | 2012-10-18 | Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. | 2'-azido substituted nucleoside derivatives and methods of use thereof for the treatment of viral diseases |
WO2012142085A1 (en) | 2011-04-13 | 2012-10-18 | Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. | 2'-substituted nucleoside derivatives and methods of use thereof for the treatment of viral diseases |
WO2014059901A1 (en) | 2012-10-17 | 2014-04-24 | Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. | 2'-cyano substituted nucleoside derivatives and methods of use thereof for treatment of viral diseases |
WO2014062596A1 (en) | 2012-10-17 | 2014-04-24 | Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. | 2'-methyl substituted nucleoside derivatives and methods of use thereof for the treatment of viral diseases |
WO2014078463A1 (en) | 2012-11-19 | 2014-05-22 | Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. | 2 -alkynyl substituted nucleoside derivatives for treating viral diseases |
WO2014206529A1 (en) * | 2013-06-25 | 2014-12-31 | Daimler Ag | Defroster |
WO2015121372A1 (en) * | 2014-02-12 | 2015-08-20 | Jaguar Land Rover Limited | Windowpane system and vehicle incorporating same |
WO2015148746A1 (en) | 2014-03-28 | 2015-10-01 | Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. | 4'-substituted nucleoside-derivatives as hiv reverse transcriptase inhibitors |
DE102014006532A1 (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2015-11-05 | Robert Csaky | Device for defrosting a transparent pane |
WO2016084008A1 (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2016-06-02 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Method and device for heating a surface |
GB2536237A (en) * | 2015-03-09 | 2016-09-14 | Jaguar Land Rover Ltd | Windshield monitoring system |
WO2017137111A1 (en) * | 2016-02-11 | 2017-08-17 | Jaguar Land Rover Limited | A system comprising a transparent or translucent member |
WO2017223012A1 (en) | 2016-06-20 | 2017-12-28 | Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. | Cyclic phosphate substituted nucleoside compounds and methods of use thereof for the treatment of viral diseases |
WO2018091542A1 (en) | 2016-11-21 | 2018-05-24 | Idenix Pharmaceuticals Llc | Cyclic phosphate substituted nucleoside derivatives for the treatment of liver diseases |
US10107948B2 (en) | 2014-11-25 | 2018-10-23 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Method and article for emitting radiation from a surface |
WO2019169077A1 (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2019-09-06 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Method and device for emitting radiation or heat from a surface |
JP2019192645A (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2019-10-31 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | Sheet with conductor used for heating plate |
CN113597032A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-11-02 | 北京航空航天大学 | Compatible stealth anti-icing material and preparation method and application thereof |
WO2022013408A2 (en) | 2020-07-16 | 2022-01-20 | Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. | Cyclic cyanoenone derivatives as modulators of keap1 |
DE102021113571A1 (en) | 2021-05-26 | 2022-12-01 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Reflective display system for motor vehicle with defrost function |
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FR960125A (en) * | 1950-04-13 | |||
DE4122462A1 (en) | 1991-07-06 | 1993-01-14 | Johann Binder | Motor vehicle de-icing device for windows - has infrared radiant heater located on console of vehicle directing heat against windscreen etc. |
EP1029827A1 (en) * | 1997-11-13 | 2000-08-23 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd. | Ultraviolet/infrared absorbing glass, ultraviolet/infrared absorbing glass sheet, ultraviolet/infrared absorbing glass sheet coated with colored film, and window glass for vehicles |
DE10110142A1 (en) * | 2001-03-02 | 2002-11-14 | Exatec Gmbh & Co Kg | Arrangement for heating a rear window of a motor vehicle, comprises an infrared radiator serving for application of infrared rays to the plastic rear window |
WO2004037620A1 (en) * | 2002-10-25 | 2004-05-06 | Antonio Giannotti | Device to improve defogging/defrosting function |
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2004
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FR960125A (en) * | 1950-04-13 | |||
DE4122462A1 (en) | 1991-07-06 | 1993-01-14 | Johann Binder | Motor vehicle de-icing device for windows - has infrared radiant heater located on console of vehicle directing heat against windscreen etc. |
EP1029827A1 (en) * | 1997-11-13 | 2000-08-23 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd. | Ultraviolet/infrared absorbing glass, ultraviolet/infrared absorbing glass sheet, ultraviolet/infrared absorbing glass sheet coated with colored film, and window glass for vehicles |
DE10110142A1 (en) * | 2001-03-02 | 2002-11-14 | Exatec Gmbh & Co Kg | Arrangement for heating a rear window of a motor vehicle, comprises an infrared radiator serving for application of infrared rays to the plastic rear window |
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Non-Patent Citations (1)
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Cited By (35)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2010063434A1 (en) * | 2008-12-03 | 2010-06-10 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Device for heating windows, heatable window |
FR2967117A1 (en) * | 2010-11-09 | 2012-05-11 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | Windscreen defogging and defrosting device for car, has absorbing unit absorbing infrared radiation, and infrared radiation sources arranged on base of joint on which lower edge of windscreen rests |
WO2012142075A1 (en) | 2011-04-13 | 2012-10-18 | Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. | 2'-azido substituted nucleoside derivatives and methods of use thereof for the treatment of viral diseases |
WO2012142085A1 (en) | 2011-04-13 | 2012-10-18 | Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. | 2'-substituted nucleoside derivatives and methods of use thereof for the treatment of viral diseases |
WO2014059901A1 (en) | 2012-10-17 | 2014-04-24 | Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. | 2'-cyano substituted nucleoside derivatives and methods of use thereof for treatment of viral diseases |
WO2014062596A1 (en) | 2012-10-17 | 2014-04-24 | Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. | 2'-methyl substituted nucleoside derivatives and methods of use thereof for the treatment of viral diseases |
WO2014078463A1 (en) | 2012-11-19 | 2014-05-22 | Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. | 2 -alkynyl substituted nucleoside derivatives for treating viral diseases |
WO2014206529A1 (en) * | 2013-06-25 | 2014-12-31 | Daimler Ag | Defroster |
WO2015121372A1 (en) * | 2014-02-12 | 2015-08-20 | Jaguar Land Rover Limited | Windowpane system and vehicle incorporating same |
GB2523310A (en) * | 2014-02-12 | 2015-08-26 | Jaguar Land Rover Ltd | Windowpane system and vehicle incorporating same |
GB2543880B (en) * | 2014-02-12 | 2018-05-16 | Jaguar Land Rover Ltd | Windowpane system and vehicle incorporating same |
GB2543880A (en) * | 2014-02-12 | 2017-05-03 | Jaguar Land Rover Ltd | Windowpane system and vehicle incorporating same |
GB2523310B (en) * | 2014-02-12 | 2017-05-03 | Jaguar Land Rover Ltd | Windowpane system and vehicle incorporating same |
WO2015148746A1 (en) | 2014-03-28 | 2015-10-01 | Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. | 4'-substituted nucleoside-derivatives as hiv reverse transcriptase inhibitors |
DE102014006532A1 (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2015-11-05 | Robert Csaky | Device for defrosting a transparent pane |
KR20170090445A (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2017-08-07 | 사빅 글로벌 테크놀러지스 비.브이. | Method and device for heating a surface |
KR20210064420A (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2021-06-02 | 사빅 글로벌 테크놀러지스 비.브이. | Method and device for heating a surface |
KR102451711B1 (en) | 2014-11-25 | 2022-10-06 | 사빅 글로벌 테크놀러지스 비.브이. | Method and device for heating a surface |
KR102258797B1 (en) | 2014-11-25 | 2021-05-31 | 사빅 글로벌 테크놀러지스 비.브이. | Method and device for heating a surface |
US9913318B2 (en) | 2014-11-25 | 2018-03-06 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Method and device for heating a surface |
WO2016084008A1 (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2016-06-02 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Method and device for heating a surface |
US10107948B2 (en) | 2014-11-25 | 2018-10-23 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Method and article for emitting radiation from a surface |
GB2536237A (en) * | 2015-03-09 | 2016-09-14 | Jaguar Land Rover Ltd | Windshield monitoring system |
GB2536237B (en) * | 2015-03-09 | 2018-08-15 | Jaguar Land Rover Ltd | Windshield monitoring system |
WO2017137111A1 (en) * | 2016-02-11 | 2017-08-17 | Jaguar Land Rover Limited | A system comprising a transparent or translucent member |
WO2017223012A1 (en) | 2016-06-20 | 2017-12-28 | Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. | Cyclic phosphate substituted nucleoside compounds and methods of use thereof for the treatment of viral diseases |
WO2018091542A1 (en) | 2016-11-21 | 2018-05-24 | Idenix Pharmaceuticals Llc | Cyclic phosphate substituted nucleoside derivatives for the treatment of liver diseases |
US11730748B2 (en) | 2016-11-21 | 2023-08-22 | Msd International Gmbh | Cyclic phosphate substituted nucleoside derivatives for the treatment of liver diseases |
CN111801985B (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2022-09-27 | Sabic环球技术有限责任公司 | Method and apparatus for emitting radiation or heat from a surface |
CN111801985A (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2020-10-20 | Sabic环球技术有限责任公司 | Method and apparatus for emitting radiation or heat from a surface |
WO2019169077A1 (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2019-09-06 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Method and device for emitting radiation or heat from a surface |
JP2019192645A (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2019-10-31 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | Sheet with conductor used for heating plate |
WO2022013408A2 (en) | 2020-07-16 | 2022-01-20 | Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. | Cyclic cyanoenone derivatives as modulators of keap1 |
DE102021113571A1 (en) | 2021-05-26 | 2022-12-01 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Reflective display system for motor vehicle with defrost function |
CN113597032A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-11-02 | 北京航空航天大学 | Compatible stealth anti-icing material and preparation method and application thereof |
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