WO2005002668A1 - Electrode a poles alternatifs - Google Patents

Electrode a poles alternatifs Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2005002668A1
WO2005002668A1 PCT/SE2004/001090 SE2004001090W WO2005002668A1 WO 2005002668 A1 WO2005002668 A1 WO 2005002668A1 SE 2004001090 W SE2004001090 W SE 2004001090W WO 2005002668 A1 WO2005002668 A1 WO 2005002668A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
poles
electrode
pole
electrical field
time duration
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE2004/001090
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Daniel Larsson
Thomas Lundeberg
Original Assignee
Cefar Medical Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cefar Medical Ab filed Critical Cefar Medical Ab
Publication of WO2005002668A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005002668A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/36014—External stimulators, e.g. with patch electrodes
    • A61N1/36021—External stimulators, e.g. with patch electrodes for treatment of pain
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/02—Details
    • A61N1/04—Electrodes
    • A61N1/0404—Electrodes for external use
    • A61N1/0408—Use-related aspects
    • A61N1/0456—Specially adapted for transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation [TENS]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/02—Details
    • A61N1/04—Electrodes
    • A61N1/0404—Electrodes for external use
    • A61N1/0472—Structure-related aspects
    • A61N1/0492—Patch electrodes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/02—Details
    • A61N1/04—Electrodes
    • A61N1/0404—Electrodes for external use
    • A61N1/0472—Structure-related aspects
    • A61N1/0476—Array electrodes (including any electrode arrangement with more than one electrode for at least one of the polarities)
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/36014—External stimulators, e.g. with patch electrodes
    • A61N1/3603—Control systems
    • A61N1/36034—Control systems specified by the stimulation parameters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrode, comprising at least two poles, for providing contact with a patients skin.
  • TENS-electrodes includes, in one way or another, an electrode with a positive polarity and an electrode with a negative polarity.
  • the electrical field, which these TENS- electrodes developed, even though the amplitude and frequency are subjects to changes, is not changed by alternating polarity of the poles.
  • Adaptation is a process by which sensory receptors become accustomed to a sensation by a decline in the frequency of firing of a neuron, under conditions of constant stimulation.
  • a constant electrical field yields constant stimulation which in turn yields a decline in the firing frequency of a neuron, and this phenomenon results in adaptation.
  • the Swedish patent application 9201453-9 discloses a device for relieving pain, which device comprises a flexible electrode plate through which a plurality of electrodes extends. Each electrode is terminated, at their respective free ends, by a electrode tip portion for shallow skin penetration. The electrode tip portion of each electrode is surrounded by stop means, separating the electrode plate from the skin portion. The electrodes cooperate with a collector electrode of opposite electrical polarity to the electrodes .
  • the collector electrode and the other active electrodes are electrically connected to a control unit, which is designed to activate the electrodes consecutively, so that when pressure is applied on the electrodes, the electrode tip portions will penetrate the isolating outer layers of the epidermis to stimulate the receptors of the skin.
  • the polarity of electrodes and the polarity of the collector electrode remain constant .
  • the Swedish Patent Application No. 9201453-9 is mainly directed towards penetrating the outer layer of skin, thereby requiring lower amplitude of stimulation and thus lower consumption of energy.
  • the plurality of active electrodes has negative polarity and the collector electrode has positive polarity.
  • the device is space consuming and includes a lot of different parts, which are more prone to failure.
  • WO 91/19531 discloses a bipolar concentric electrode for medical treatment. During a treatment process, according to this application, the electrode configuration remains constant, i.e. the positive pole remains positive and the negative pole remains negative throughout the treatment process. Nowhere in WO 91/19531 is mentioned poles with alternating polarity.
  • WO 97/02861 discloses an apparatus for treating human pain.
  • the treatment device electrode comprises preferably four electrodes, two of positive polarity and two of negative polarity, and each electrode comprise a magnetic flux generator. During a treatment process, according to this application, the electrode configuration remains constant, i.e.
  • US 4,541,432 discloses an electric nerve stimulation device for suppressing organic pain.
  • the device includes a pulse generator, which produces bipolar rectangular waveforms of a preselected repetition rate and of a preselected width.
  • the electrode configuration remains constant, i.e. the positive pole remains positive and the negative pole remains negative throughout the treatment process.
  • the electrode according to the invention has the characteristic features according to claim 1.
  • Fig. la is a plan view of an electrode, according to the invention, with two poles.
  • Fig. lb is a plan of an electrode, according to the invention, with two concentric poles.
  • Fig. lc is a plan view of an electrode, according to the invention, with a tetrahedron shape
  • Fig. Id is a plan view of several electrodes, according to the invention, with other configurations.
  • Fig. 2 is a diagram of a rectangular/asymmetric biphasic waveform, with which the stimulation of an electrode, according to the invention, is applied.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram of a rectangular/symmetric biphasic waveform, with which the stimulation of an electrode, according to the invention, is applied.
  • Fig. 4 is a diagram of a monophasic waveform, with which the stimulation of an electrode, according to the invention, is applied.
  • Fig. 5 is a plan view of an electrode, according to the invention, with four poles.
  • Fig. 6 is a plan view of an electrode, according to the invention, with four poles arranged linearly.
  • Fig. 7a is a side view of an electrode, according to the invention, with a control unit in an attached and unattached position, directly on the electrode.
  • Fig. 7b is a side view of an electrode, according to the invention, with a control unit attached via a cable.
  • the electrode system includes two integrated poles A and B, Fig la, where each pole may have alternating polarity.
  • the poles in the electrode of the present invention are separated by an insulating material. This insulating material is intended to prevent a short-circuit between the poles and force the current to pass through the tissue of the patient. The width of this isolation material may vary, such as between 1 mm to 50 mm.
  • the poles are provided with pulses of electrical current.
  • a pulse configuration, with which the stimulation is applied, is normally an alternating current (A.C.).
  • the structure of this pulse configuration may vary.
  • Fig. 2 shows a rectangular/asymmetric biphasic waveform, Fig.
  • Fig. 3 shows a rectangular/symmetric biphasic waveform
  • Fig. 4 shows a monophasic waveform, with which the stimulation of the poles of the electrode, according to the invention, is applied.
  • An object of the pulse configuration is to compensate the ion charge from a negative rectangular pulse 0 with a positive pulse P, as shown in Fig. 2.
  • the pulse 0 is electrochemically compensated by the pulse P.
  • the width of the pulse 0 is between 0.05 to 10 ms, such as 0.1 ms to 0.5 ms, such as 0.2 ms to 0.4 ms .
  • the term "negative pole" refers to a pole, which is negative during the pulse 0 (Fig. 2, Fig.
  • a pole with negative polarity refers to a pole, which is negative during the pulse 0 (Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig.4)
  • a pole with positive polarity refers to a pole, which is positive during the pulse 0 (Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4)
  • direction of an electrical field refers to the existing electrical field and the existing direction of an electrical field during the pulse 0 (Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4) .
  • the frequency, with which the alternating current is applied is in the magnitude of 2 Hz to 200 Hz, such as 50 Hz to 150 Hz, such as 100 Hz.
  • the poles may be provided with electrical fields by stepwise alternating the negative current from one pole to the next pole.
  • the duration of each step may be modified as required by the treatment, provided that the duration of each step is larger than the inverted frequency of the applied waveform, such as larger than double the inverted frequency of the applied waveform.
  • the duration of each step may for example be 20 ms to 5 minutes, such as 100 ms to 1 minute, such as 1 s to 30 s, such as 2 s to 10 s.
  • the electrode system includes more than two poles, such as four poles, Fig. 5.
  • the electrical field may move, for example by during the first step letting a pole C, Fig. 5, be of negative polarity and a pole D, Fig. 5, be of positive polarity.
  • the pole D is of negative polarity and a pole E is of positive polarity.
  • the pole E is of negative polarity and a pole F is of positive polarity.
  • the fourth step includes the pole F in negative polarity and the pole C in positive polarity. This procedure continues at the treated persons own discretion.
  • the treatment seems to wander over the surface covered by the electrode in a circulating manner, according to the negative current applied to the different poles of the electrode.
  • Such circulation from C, D, E, F and back to C will give a better treatment over the entire surface of the electrode.
  • adaptation of the nerve action is counteracted. It is of less importance where the positive pole is situated.
  • the above scheme may be modified by allowing the same pole to be the positive pole, except when it should be negative.
  • electrode C could be the positive electrode all the time, except the first time period in the sequence, when either of poles D, E, or F could be the positive electrode.
  • Another example of activation of the poles may be in the order C, E, D, F.
  • a third embodiment of the invention includes four poles K, L, M, N, which are linearly arranged, according to Fig 6.
  • the electrical field may interchange in different patterns, where a treatment consists of a plurality of such patterns consisting of a plurality of steps, such as from K to M during the first step, L to N during the second step, M to K during the third step, and N to L during the fourth step, or from K to L during the first step, from L to M during the second step, from M to N during the third step, and from N to K during the fourth step.
  • the interchange between the different poles is not limited to these examples, but may follow any possible pattern.
  • Other embodiments may include more than four poles aligned linearly, or less than four poles aligned linearly, such as 2 or 3.
  • the movement of the polarity of the poles in the electrode of the present invention is controlled by a control unit H, which may be connected directly to the electrode according to the present invention, Fig. 7a, via a electrode button I.
  • the control unit H is supplied with energy via a battery G.
  • the control unit H may alternatively be in contact with the electrode by a cable J, Fig 7b. It is also possible to supply energy by other means, such by a line driven power supply.
  • the change between the different poles may follow different patterns.
  • the interchange between the different poles may follow any possible pattern.
  • the interchange may include two poles with positive polarity and two poles with negative polarity, or one pole with positive polarity and two poles with negative polarity, or two poles with positive polarity and one pole with negative polarity, at the same time.
  • the number of poles of the electrode system is at least 2, such as between 2 and 20, such as between 2 and 10, such as between 2 and 5, such as 3 or 4 poles, which have alternating positive and negative polarity.
  • the interchange between the different poles may follow any possible pattern, where a treatment consists of a plurality of such patterns consisting of a plurality of steps of different electrical fields.
  • the interchange may include at least one pole with positive polarity and at least one pole with negative polarity, at the same time.
  • the electrode system according to the invention is a one patch only application, in opposition to for example the electrode system in SE 9201453-9.
  • the electrode system in SE 9201453-9 has cables connecting the positive pole, the negative pole, and the control unit. These cables may catch on to things in the vicinity of the patient, and thus disrupt the required electric circuit. In the electrode system according to the present invention, there is as few cables as possible, which are subjects to disruption of the electric circuit.
  • the electrode system according to the present invention only has one electrode, including poles with alternating polarity, makes the electrode system according to the present invention easy to manufacture.
  • the electrode system according to the present invention may be attached to the patients skin by a layer of an adhesive, electrically conductive material.
  • the poles with alternating polarity may be incorporated in an adhesive, electrically conductive material to constitute the electrode according to the invention.
  • the size of the electrode according to the invention may vary. The main aspect to take into consideration is the convenience of the patient.
  • the size of the electrode according to the present invention may range from about 4 cm 2 to 400 cm 2 , such as from about 10 cm 2 to 200 cm 2 , or else from about 25 cm 2 to 100 cm 2 .

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une électrode ayant au moins deux pôles, qui permet d'assurer le contact électrique avec la peau d'un patient. Ces deux pôles (A, B) prennent alternativement une polarité positive et négative.
PCT/SE2004/001090 2003-07-04 2004-07-05 Electrode a poles alternatifs WO2005002668A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE0302007A SE0302007D0 (sv) 2003-07-04 2003-07-04 New Matter
SE0302007-0 2003-07-04

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2005002668A1 true WO2005002668A1 (fr) 2005-01-13

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Family Applications (1)

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PCT/SE2004/001090 WO2005002668A1 (fr) 2003-07-04 2004-07-05 Electrode a poles alternatifs

Country Status (2)

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SE (1) SE0302007D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2005002668A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008032282A2 (fr) 2006-09-13 2008-03-20 Compex Medical S.A. Ensemble d'électrodes et dispositif de stimulation
EP1999774A2 (fr) * 2006-03-29 2008-12-10 Eilaz P. Babaev Electrodes pour neurostimulateur electrique transcutané
WO2013106644A1 (fr) 2012-01-13 2013-07-18 Modular Therapeutx, Llc Appareil de neurostimulation transcutanée portatif et son procédé d'utilisation
US9764133B2 (en) 2012-01-13 2017-09-19 Modular Therapeutx, Llc Portable TENS apparatus and method of use thereof

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4237899A (en) * 1978-09-26 1980-12-09 Stimtech, Inc. Electronic tissue stimulator with output signal controls
US4541432A (en) * 1982-12-08 1985-09-17 Neurotronic Ltee Electric nerve stimulator device
US4907601A (en) * 1988-06-15 1990-03-13 Etama Ag Electrotherapy arrangement
DE4228341A1 (de) * 1992-08-26 1994-03-03 Breuning Franz Element zur Stimulation von Akupunktur-Punkten
WO1997002861A1 (fr) * 1995-06-19 1997-01-30 Holcomb Robert R Procede d'amelioration de l'efficacite et de la tolerance sensorielle dans le cas d'un stimulateur nerveux en mode non module - non rafale a impulsion continue
EP1457189A1 (fr) * 2003-03-10 2004-09-15 Chen, Yi-Ying Coussin eléctronique de massage avec double électrode

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4237899A (en) * 1978-09-26 1980-12-09 Stimtech, Inc. Electronic tissue stimulator with output signal controls
US4541432A (en) * 1982-12-08 1985-09-17 Neurotronic Ltee Electric nerve stimulator device
US4907601A (en) * 1988-06-15 1990-03-13 Etama Ag Electrotherapy arrangement
DE4228341A1 (de) * 1992-08-26 1994-03-03 Breuning Franz Element zur Stimulation von Akupunktur-Punkten
WO1997002861A1 (fr) * 1995-06-19 1997-01-30 Holcomb Robert R Procede d'amelioration de l'efficacite et de la tolerance sensorielle dans le cas d'un stimulateur nerveux en mode non module - non rafale a impulsion continue
EP1457189A1 (fr) * 2003-03-10 2004-09-15 Chen, Yi-Ying Coussin eléctronique de massage avec double électrode

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1999774A2 (fr) * 2006-03-29 2008-12-10 Eilaz P. Babaev Electrodes pour neurostimulateur electrique transcutané
EP1999774A4 (fr) * 2006-03-29 2009-05-06 Eilaz P Babaev Electrodes pour neurostimulateur electrique transcutané
WO2008032282A2 (fr) 2006-09-13 2008-03-20 Compex Medical S.A. Ensemble d'électrodes et dispositif de stimulation
WO2013106644A1 (fr) 2012-01-13 2013-07-18 Modular Therapeutx, Llc Appareil de neurostimulation transcutanée portatif et son procédé d'utilisation
EP2802378A1 (fr) * 2012-01-13 2014-11-19 Modular Therapeutx LLC Appareil de neurostimulation transcutanée portatif et son procédé d'utilisation
EP2802378A4 (fr) * 2012-01-13 2015-04-01 Modular Therapeutx Llc Appareil de neurostimulation transcutanée portatif et son procédé d'utilisation
US9764133B2 (en) 2012-01-13 2017-09-19 Modular Therapeutx, Llc Portable TENS apparatus and method of use thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE0302007D0 (sv) 2003-07-04

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