WO2005000511A1 - Wire electroerosion machine and method - Google Patents

Wire electroerosion machine and method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005000511A1
WO2005000511A1 PCT/ES2003/000457 ES0300457W WO2005000511A1 WO 2005000511 A1 WO2005000511 A1 WO 2005000511A1 ES 0300457 W ES0300457 W ES 0300457W WO 2005000511 A1 WO2005000511 A1 WO 2005000511A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
mouth
wire
channel
upper mouth
produce
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2003/000457
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Javier Maidagan Larrumbide
Arturo GARCÍA ANGULO
Original Assignee
Ona Electro-Erosion, S.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ona Electro-Erosion, S.A. filed Critical Ona Electro-Erosion, S.A.
Priority to AU2003267453A priority Critical patent/AU2003267453A1/en
Publication of WO2005000511A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005000511A1/en

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23HWORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
    • B23H7/00Processes or apparatus applicable to both electrical discharge machining and electrochemical machining
    • B23H7/36Supply or regeneration of working media
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23HWORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
    • B23H7/00Processes or apparatus applicable to both electrical discharge machining and electrochemical machining
    • B23H7/02Wire-cutting
    • B23H7/08Wire electrodes
    • B23H7/10Supporting, winding or electrical connection of wire-electrode
    • B23H7/101Supply of working media

Definitions

  • the present invention advocates a wire EDM process in which, by electric discharges in a dielectric liquid between a wire and a workpiece, a channel in the part with an upper mouth and a lower mouth originates, and in which it proceeds to produce an overpressure in the lower mouth in the sense of the lower mouth to the upper mouth and to produce a subpressure in the upper mouth in that same direction.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a known machine-process.
  • Figure 2 is a representation in coordinates of the erosion velocities in time of the machine-process of Figure 1 with a 300 mm piece.
  • Figures 3 and 4 are schematic representations of a practical embodiment of the process-machine object of the invention.
  • Figure 5 is a coordinate representation of the erosion velocities in time of the machine-process of Figures 3 and 4 with a 300 mm piece.
  • An example of practical, non-limiting embodiment of the present invention is described below.
  • a normally metallic part (1) is provided, for example tempered steel, a wire (2) of small diameter ( ⁇ ), for example 0.25 mm.
  • the cleaning is carried out by introducing deionized water (6) under pressure, for example 11 kg./cm 2 through the upper mouth (7) of the channel (4) or as in Figure 1, deionized water under pressure, for example 11 kg./cm 2 through the upper mouth (7) and deionized water under pressure through the lower mouth (8).
  • This method / machine performs an acceptable cleaning with parts whose thickness (e) is, more or less, less than 150 mm. e ⁇ 150 mm.
  • the cutting speeds (N) (wire feed) in mm./min have been represented in coordinates. and abscissa the time (t) in minutes in the EDM process for a 300 mm piece. using material U ⁇ E-F5211.
  • V speed increase
  • Similar tests have been carried out with thicknesses of 150 to 370mm, with very different types of thread and with different kinds of material, obtaining speed increases of between 20 and 30%.
  • Deionized water is used as a cleaner for cleaning since the dielectric (5) is basically very low conductivity water, but it may be the dielectric itself (5) that will be used for overpressure or other cleaner depending on the nature of the dielectric ( 5).
  • the invention is similarly applied for a conical cut or other type of cut.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a wire electroerosion machine and method. According to the invention, electric discharges are applied in a dielectric liquid between a wire and a part that is to be machined, thereby producing a channel in the part with an upper orifice and a lower orifice. Furthermore, an overpressure is produced in the lower orifice, from said lower orifice towards the upper orifice, and an underpressure is produced in the upper orifice in the same direction. The invention can be used for electroerosion machines.

Description

"PROCESO-MAQUINA DE ELECTROEROSION POR HILO" En un proceso-máquina de electroerosión por hilo el problema principal es la limpieza/evacuación del propio material erosionado. En el método tradicional se aplican chorros de líquido a presión por la boca superior y por la boca inferior del canal existente entre el hilo y la pieza a trabajar. Este método no da buenos resultados cuando se aplica a piezas de espesor mayor a 150 mm. u operaciones de corte con hilo inclinado con cualquier espesor. La velocidad de erosión decrece del valor del comienzo, y la erosión se hace inestable originando marcas indiseables en las piezas. Se producen retrocesos del hilo durante su recorrido. Esto es debido principalmente, a que los chorros de dieléctrico chocan, aproximadamente a mitad de pieza y el material erosionado (residuos de la erosión) no es capaz de salir del canal con facilidad. Dado que la evacuación de este material va a determinar la calidad, estabilidad y velocidad de la erosión, es vital encontrar una solución al problema. El solicitante ha ensayado y encontrado dicha solución inyectando presión por la boca inferior y realizando una aspiración por la boca superior. La erosión en el comienza es buena, hay buena limpieza y en todos los casos los comienzos son buenos. Una vez que la erosión se ha adentrado en la pieza hay una notable mejoría. La velocidad disminuye muy poco de la velocidad en el comienzo, la erosión es estable y no se producen retrocesos del hilo por el perfil. En estas condiciones se pueden aplicar condiciones de erosión más energéticas, que de otra forma sería imposible, pero que gracias a la evacuación del material erosionado, se consigue mantener la estabilidad y un aumento considerable de la velocidad de erosión. El presente invento preconiza un proceso de electroerosión por hilo en el que por descargas eléctricas en un líquido dieléctrico entre un hilo y una pieza a trabajar se origina un canal en la pieza con una boca superior y una boca inferior, y en el que se procede a producir una sobrepresión en la boca inferior en el sentido de la boca inferior hacia la boca superior y a producir una subpresión en la boca superior en ese mismo sentido. Para comprender mejor el objeto de la presente invención, se representa en los planos una forma preferente de realización práctica, susceptible de cambios accesorios que no desvirtúen su fundamento. La figura 1 es una representación esquemática de un proceso- máquina conocido. La figura 2 es una representación en coordenadas e las velocidades de erosión en le tiempo del proceso-máquina de la figura 1 con una pieza de 300 mm. Las figuras 3 y 4 son unas representaciones esquemáticas de una realización práctica del proceso-máquina objeto del invento. La figura 5 es una representación en coordenadas de las velocidades de erosión en el tiempo del proceso-máquina de las figuras 3 y 4 con una pieza de 300 mm. Se describe a continuación un ejemplo de realización práctica, no limitativa, del presente invento. En un sistema convencional (figura 1) se dispone una pieza (1) normalmente metálica, por ejemplo acero templado, un hilo (2) de pequeño diámetro (φ), por ejemplo 0'25 mm. de naturaleza metálica, por ejemplo latón (CuZu37) o recubierto por metal, por ejemplo CuZu50 y por medio de un generador (3) se efectúan descargas eléctricas que originan un canal (4) con una anchura (a), por ejemplo de 0'3 mm. La pieza (1) se encuentra sumergida en un líquido dieléctrico (5). Las descargas eléctricas arrancan el material de la pieza (1) y se contamina el líquido dieléctrico (5) en el interior del canal (4) variando la conductividad entre el hilo (2) y la pieza (1). Dado que normalmente el proceso de electroerosión está controlado automáticamente, las variaciones detectadas de conductividad originan órdenes de variación en el avance del hilo (2), es decir, variaciones en la velocidad de trabajo en detrimento de la calidad y productividad. En consecuencia se procede a limpieza del canal (4). De modo conocido la limpieza se efectúa introduciendo agua desionizada (6) a presión, por ejemplo 11 kg./cm2 por la boca superior (7) del canal (4) o como en la figura 1, agua desionizada a presión, por ejemplo 11 kg./cm2 por la boca superior (7) y agua desionizada a presión por la boca inferior (8). Este método/máquina efectúa una limpieza aceptable con piezas cuyo espesor (e) sea, más o menos, inferior a 150 mm. e < 150 mm. En la figura 2 se ha representado en coordenadas las velocidades de corte (N) (avance del hilo) en mm./min. y abscisas el tiempo (t) en minutos en el proceso de electroerosión para una pieza de 300 mm. utilizando material UΝE- F5211. Aproximadamente en los primeros 20 minutos, la erosión es buena y la velocidad (N) no tiene mucha variación. Después de los primeros 20 minutos la erosión se comienza a inestabilizar, la limpieza todavía no ha empeorado mucho pero se aprecia un comienzo de inestabilización. A partir del los 40 minutos la erosión tiene ese aspecto. Si se alarga la erosión aparecen tramos más o menos estables, pero en cualquier tramo se pueden producir inestabilidades como la que marca la gráfica. Las disminuciones de velocidad que se muestra, algunas veces son retrocesos del hilo por el canal, pero lo que se registra es una disminución clara de la velocidad (N). La causa de la inestabilidad y de la disminución de la velocidad (N) de avance está en la limpieza no es la adecuada y el canal (4) está contaminado. El solicitante ha encontrado la solución. En la figura 3 se aprecia que para la limpieza del canal (4) se sigue produciendo una sobrepresión en la boca inferior (8), por ejemplo con el propio líquido dieléctrico (5) o con agua desionizada que lanza el medio líquido de la boca inferior (8) hacia la boca superior (7) en circuito cerrado o abierto, pero en la boca superior (8) no se produce una sobrepresión como se hacía hasta ahora, sino una subpresión sacando el medio líquido por la boca superior (7), por ejemplo por unos tubos (9) representados para una fácil comprensión del invento, pero que puede ser cualquier otro medio, por ejemplo, por la propia boquilla (b) portadora del hilo (2) (figura 4) los resultados de esta subpresión son sorprendentes. El gráfico de la figura 5 está obtenido de la misma pieza que el gráfico de la figura 2 pero introduciendo la aspiración por la parte superior (7). Los retrocesos han desaparecido, la velocidad es constante y se mantiene estable durante todo el tiempo de erosión. No aparecen marcas en la pieza, el aspecto visual de la pieza es mucho mejor. Se produce un aumento de velocidad (V) de un 24%. Se han efectuado ensayos similares con espesores de 150 a 370mm, con tipos muy distintos de hilo y con clases de material diferentes obteniéndose unos aumentos de la velocidad de entre un 20 y un 30%. Se utiliza como limpiador agua desionizada para la limpieza ya que el dieléctrico (5) es básicamente agua de muy baja conductividad, pero podrá ser el propio dieléctrico (5) el que se utilizará para la sobrepresión u otro limpiador dependiendo de la naturaleza del dieléctrico (5). El invento se aplica de modo similar para un corte cónico u otro tipo de corte. "THREAD ELECTROEROSION MACHINE PROCESS" In a wire EDM machine process the main problem is the cleaning / evacuation of the eroded material itself. In the traditional method, jets of liquid under pressure are applied through the upper mouth and through the lower mouth of the channel between the thread and the workpiece. This method does not give good results when applied to pieces thicker than 150 mm. or cutting operations with inclined thread with any thickness. The erosion velocity decreases from the beginning value, and erosion becomes unstable causing indiserable marks on the pieces. Thread recoil occurs during its travel. This is mainly due to the fact that the dielectric jets collide, about halfway through the piece and the eroded material (erosion residues) is not able to leave the channel easily. Since the evacuation of this material will determine the quality, stability and speed of erosion, it is vital to find a solution to the problem. The applicant has tested and found said solution by injecting pressure through the lower mouth and performing an aspiration through the upper mouth. The erosion in the beginning is good, there is good cleaning and in all cases the beginnings are good. Once erosion has entered the piece there is a remarkable improvement. The speed decreases very little from the speed in the beginning, the erosion is stable and there are no recoil of the thread through the profile. Under these conditions, more energetic erosion conditions can be applied, which would otherwise be impossible, but thanks to the evacuation of the eroded material, stability and a considerable increase in erosion speed are maintained. The present invention advocates a wire EDM process in which, by electric discharges in a dielectric liquid between a wire and a workpiece, a channel in the part with an upper mouth and a lower mouth originates, and in which it proceeds to produce an overpressure in the lower mouth in the sense of the lower mouth to the upper mouth and to produce a subpressure in the upper mouth in that same direction. To better understand the object of the present invention, a preferred form of practical embodiment is shown in the drawings, susceptible to accessory changes that do not detract from its foundation. Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a known machine-process. Figure 2 is a representation in coordinates of the erosion velocities in time of the machine-process of Figure 1 with a 300 mm piece. Figures 3 and 4 are schematic representations of a practical embodiment of the process-machine object of the invention. Figure 5 is a coordinate representation of the erosion velocities in time of the machine-process of Figures 3 and 4 with a 300 mm piece. An example of practical, non-limiting embodiment of the present invention is described below. In a conventional system (figure 1) a normally metallic part (1) is provided, for example tempered steel, a wire (2) of small diameter (φ), for example 0.25 mm. of a metallic nature, for example brass (CuZu37) or coated by metal, for example CuZu50 and by means of a generator (3) electric discharges are made that originate a channel (4) with a width (a), for example 0 ' 3 mm The part (1) is submerged in a dielectric liquid (5). The electric discharges tear the material from the part (1) and the dielectric liquid (5) inside the channel (4) is contaminated by varying the conductivity between the wire (2) and the part (1). Since normally the EDM process is automatically controlled, the detected variations in conductivity cause orders of variation in the advance of the wire (2), that is, variations in the speed of work to the detriment of quality and productivity. Consequently, the channel (4) is cleaned. In a known manner, the cleaning is carried out by introducing deionized water (6) under pressure, for example 11 kg./cm 2 through the upper mouth (7) of the channel (4) or as in Figure 1, deionized water under pressure, for example 11 kg./cm 2 through the upper mouth (7) and deionized water under pressure through the lower mouth (8). This method / machine performs an acceptable cleaning with parts whose thickness (e) is, more or less, less than 150 mm. e <150 mm. In figure 2 the cutting speeds (N) (wire feed) in mm./min have been represented in coordinates. and abscissa the time (t) in minutes in the EDM process for a 300 mm piece. using material UΝE-F5211. Approximately in the first 20 minutes, the erosion is good and the speed (N) does not have much variation. After the first 20 minutes the erosion begins to destabilize, the cleaning has not yet worsened much but a beginning of instability is appreciated. After 40 minutes erosion looks like that. If erosion is lengthened, more or less stable sections appear, but in any section, instabilities such as the one shown in the graph can occur. The decreases in speed that are shown are sometimes setbacks of the thread through the channel, but what is recorded is a clear decrease in speed (N). The cause of the instability and the decrease of the advance speed (N) is in the cleaning is not adequate and the channel (4) is contaminated. The applicant has found the solution. In figure 3 it can be seen that for the cleaning of the channel (4) there is still an overpressure in the lower mouth (8), for example with the dielectric liquid itself (5) or with deionized water that releases the liquid medium from the mouth lower (8) towards the upper mouth (7) in closed or open circuit, but in the upper mouth (8) there is no overpressure as it was done until now, but a subpressure removing the liquid medium through the upper mouth (7) , for example, by tubes (9) represented for an easy understanding of the invention, but which can be any other means, for example, by the nozzle itself (b) carrying the thread (2) (figure 4) the results of this subpressure are surprising. The graph of figure 5 is obtained from the same piece as the graph of figure 2 but introducing the aspiration from the top (7). The setbacks have disappeared, the speed is constant and remains stable throughout the erosion time. No marks appear on the piece, the visual appearance of the piece is much better. There is a speed increase (V) of 24%. Similar tests have been carried out with thicknesses of 150 to 370mm, with very different types of thread and with different kinds of material, obtaining speed increases of between 20 and 30%. Deionized water is used as a cleaner for cleaning since the dielectric (5) is basically very low conductivity water, but it may be the dielectric itself (5) that will be used for overpressure or other cleaner depending on the nature of the dielectric ( 5). The invention is similarly applied for a conical cut or other type of cut.

Claims

R E I V IN D I C A C I O N E S 1.- Proceso de electroerosión por hilo en el que por descargas eléctricas en un líquido dieléctrico entre un hilo y una pieza a trabajar se origina un canal en la pieza con una boca superior y una boca inferior, caracterizado porque se procede a producir una sobrepresión en la boca inferior en el sentido de la boca inferior hacia la boca superior y a producir una subpresión en la boca superior en ese mismo sentido. 2.- Proceso de electroerosión por hilo, según reivindicación anterior, caracterizado porque para producir una sobrepresión en la boca inferior se introduce a presión agua desíonizada. 3.- Proceso de electroerosión por hilo, según reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque para producir una subpresión en la boca superior se aspira el líquido del canal por la boca superior. 4.- Máquina de electroerosión, que consta de medios para efectuar descargas eléctricas en un líquido entre un hilo y una pieza a trabajar lo que origina un canal en la pieza con una boca superior y una boca inferior, caracterizada porque consta de medios para producir una sobrepresión en la boca inferior en el sentido de la boca inferior hacia la boca superior y medios para producir una subpresión en la boca superior en ese mismo sentido. 5.- Máquina de electroerosión, según reivindicación cuarta, caracterizada porque la sobrepresión en la boca inferior la origina agua desionizada a presión. 6.- Máquina de electroerosión, según reivindicaciones cuarta y quinta, caracterizada porque los medios para producir una subpresión aspiran el líquido del canal por la boca superior. REIV IN DICATIONS 1.- Wire EDM process in which, by electric discharges in a dielectric liquid between a wire and a workpiece, a channel in the piece with an upper mouth and a lower mouth originates, characterized in that it proceeds to produce an overpressure in the lower mouth in the direction of the lower mouth towards the upper mouth and produce an underpressure in the upper mouth in that same direction. 2.- Wire EDM process, according to the preceding claim, characterized in that to produce an overpressure in the lower mouth, de-ionized water is introduced under pressure. 3. - Wire EDM process, according to previous claims, characterized in that to produce a subpressure in the upper mouth, the liquid from the channel is aspirated through the upper mouth. 4.- EDM machine, which consists of means to carry out electric shocks in a liquid between a wire and a workpiece, which causes a channel in the piece with an upper mouth and a lower mouth, characterized in that it consists of means to produce an overpressure in the lower mouth in the direction of the lower mouth towards the upper mouth and means to produce an underpressure in the upper mouth in that same direction. 5. - EDM machine, according to claim four, characterized in that the overpressure in the lower mouth is caused by deionized water under pressure. 6. - EDM machine, according to claims fourth and fifth, characterized in that the means for producing a subpressure aspirate the liquid from the channel through the upper mouth.
PCT/ES2003/000457 2003-06-30 2003-09-10 Wire electroerosion machine and method WO2005000511A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003267453A AU2003267453A1 (en) 2003-06-30 2003-09-10 Wire electroerosion machine and method

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES200301514A ES2221812B1 (en) 2003-06-30 2003-06-30 PROCESS-ELECTROEROSION MACHINE BY THREAD.
ESP-200301514 2003-06-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2005000511A1 true WO2005000511A1 (en) 2005-01-06

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/ES2003/000457 WO2005000511A1 (en) 2003-06-30 2003-09-10 Wire electroerosion machine and method

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AU (1) AU2003267453A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2221812B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2005000511A1 (en)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DD115593A1 (en) * 1974-10-30 1975-10-12
US4263493A (en) * 1978-04-18 1981-04-21 A.G. Fur Industrielle Elektronik Agie Spark erosion cutting apparatus with controlled flushing medium flow
US4459454A (en) * 1981-06-24 1984-07-10 Inoue-Japax Research Incorporated Machining-liquid supply system for traveling-wire electroerosion machining

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DD115593A1 (en) * 1974-10-30 1975-10-12
US4263493A (en) * 1978-04-18 1981-04-21 A.G. Fur Industrielle Elektronik Agie Spark erosion cutting apparatus with controlled flushing medium flow
US4459454A (en) * 1981-06-24 1984-07-10 Inoue-Japax Research Incorporated Machining-liquid supply system for traveling-wire electroerosion machining

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2003267453A1 (en) 2005-01-13
ES2221812A1 (en) 2005-01-01
ES2221812B1 (en) 2006-07-01

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