WO2004111709A1 - 誘電率制御周期構造体、この構造体を用いた電磁波制御装置およびこの構造体を用いた電磁波制御方法 - Google Patents
誘電率制御周期構造体、この構造体を用いた電磁波制御装置およびこの構造体を用いた電磁波制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004111709A1 WO2004111709A1 PCT/JP2004/007435 JP2004007435W WO2004111709A1 WO 2004111709 A1 WO2004111709 A1 WO 2004111709A1 JP 2004007435 W JP2004007435 W JP 2004007435W WO 2004111709 A1 WO2004111709 A1 WO 2004111709A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/03—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect
- G02F1/035—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect in an optical waveguide structure
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/0147—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on thermo-optic effects
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/03—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect
- G02F1/05—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect with ferro-electric properties
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
- G02F2201/30—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 grating
- G02F2201/305—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 grating diffraction grating
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
- G02F2202/32—Photonic crystals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
- G02F2203/05—Function characteristic wavelength dependent
- G02F2203/055—Function characteristic wavelength dependent wavelength filtering
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a dielectric constant control periodic structure, an electromagnetic wave control device using the structure, and an electromagnetic wave control method using the structure.
- the present invention relates to a dielectric constant control periodic structure that is a type of photonic crystal for controlling electromagnetic waves, an electromagnetic wave control device using the structure, and an electromagnetic wave control method using the structure.
- a photonic crystal is a periodic structure in which substances having different refractive indices and dielectric constants are periodically arranged.
- the photonic bandgap is generated by multiple reflection. It has a frequency band called a gap that prohibits the propagation of light and electromagnetic waves, and has the function of blocking electromagnetic radiation in that frequency band. Therefore, in recent years, the possibility of using a photonic crystal has been studied as a control element for a high-frequency signal such as an optical millimeter wave band.
- the periodic structure may be used as a cutoff filter in a certain frequency band.
- the periodic structure can be applied to waveguides and resonators. Furthermore, it is considered that the periodic structure can be applied to an ultra-low threshold laser of light and a highly directional antenna of electromagnetic waves.
- Such photonic crystals have one-, two-, and three-dimensional structures.
- a method using a rectangular laminated structure a method using a shape-preserving multilayer film by self-cloning, a method using stereolithography, and a method of arranging particles.
- techniques for processing organic materials, insulators such as ceramics and silicon, dielectrics, and semiconductor materials are known. It is known that the photonic bandgap obtained by these photonic crystal forces has a larger power S as the contrast between the dielectric constant and the refractive index of the two constituent materials increases.
- the method of controlling with light and the method of changing the refractive index and the dielectric constant of the photonic crystal using the electrostriction effect are highly difficult.
- the amount of change that can be adjusted practically is up to 5%.
- a periodic structure with a component spacing of about 28 nm can only move the photonic band position by 1.5 nm.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a controllable dielectric constant control periodic structure, an electromagnetic wave control device using the structure, and an electromagnetic wave control method using the structure. Disclosure of the invention
- the present invention provides a dielectric constant-controlled periodic structure in which dielectric elements are arranged at a period corresponding to the wavelength of an input electromagnetic wave, wherein the dielectric element whose dielectric constant changes with temperature is used as the dielectric element. It is a rate control periodic structure.
- the electromagnetic wave includes light and the like.
- the dielectric element is not limited to a dielectric element that is arranged to have periodicity and is itself a member having a high dielectric property.
- the structure is such that the surrounding members have a high dielectric property, and the dielectric constant between the dielectric element and the surrounding members has a large difference. Including things. Therefore, in order to increase the refractive index difference between the dielectric element and the surrounding members, the difference in the dielectric constant between the dielectric element and the members around the dielectric element must be large. Is preferred.
- the periodicity The structure in which the dielectric elements are juxtaposed is provided as a main structure, and a structure that does not follow the periodicity may be provided in a part.
- the period corresponding to the wavelength of the input electromagnetic wave is a period set so as to be suitable for controlling the propagation characteristics of the electromagnetic wave, and is a dielectric element corresponding to the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave to be controlled.
- the period of the dielectric element may be set to 0.1 mm or more and 30 mm or less.
- a photonic band gap effect can be obtained for electromagnetic waves used for communication. Therefore, as an application example of the dielectric constant control periodic structure, it can be employed in a device for controlling electromagnetic waves used for communication.
- the period of the dielectric element is set to 1 mm or more and 3 mm or less, it can be applied to devices that control electromagnetic waves in the millimeter to microwave range.
- the dielectric constant control periodic structure by performing temperature control so as to give a temperature change to the dielectric element, the dielectric constant of the dielectric element can be changed relatively largely,
- the dielectric constant control periodic structure can change its shape, such as expansion and contraction, by a temperature change such as a change in the distance between the dielectric elements. It can be larger than in the case of. Therefore, the dielectric constant control periodic structure according to the present invention can perform control so as to greatly change the refractive index of the electromagnetic wave, so that the propagation characteristics of the electromagnetic wave, for example, the refractive index of the dielectric element and each dielectric element can be controlled.
- the photonic band gap caused by the difference between the refractive index of the intervening portion can be easily changed.
- the dielectric element of the dielectric constant control periodic structure according to the present invention is made of a material containing a ferroelectric substance.
- the dielectric element is configured to change the dielectric constant by controlling the temperature near the Curie temperature of the ferroelectric substance.
- the ferroelectric substance since the ferroelectric substance has a very large change in the value of the dielectric constant with respect to the temperature change near the Curie temperature, the change in the refractive index of the dielectric element with respect to the input electromagnetic wave is large. Can be large. For example, switching control for permitting or prohibiting the passage of electromagnetic waves can be performed with high accuracy and easily.
- the setting of the Curie temperature differs depending on conditions such as the type of ferroelectric substance, it is preferable that the temperature be controlled within a range where the SJ ⁇ difference is around 100 ° C around the Curie temperature.
- the dielectric element is solidified in a state where ferroelectric powder is dispersed in a dispersion medium.
- the shape change according to the temperature change is performed more flexibly as compared with the case where each of the dielectric elements is constituted only by the ferroelectric. Therefore, the refractive index changes due to the change in the dielectric constant, and the refractive index also changes due to the shape change of the dielectric elements and the dimensional change between the dielectric elements. The rate can be varied.
- the dielectric constant control periodic structure it is preferable that a resin material is filled and solidified between the dielectric elements, and the dielectric element and the resin material are formed into a body.
- the resin material filled between the dielectric elements serves to maintain the position of each dielectric element and to reinforce an external force or the like. Is obtained.
- a photonic band gap can be obtained due to a difference in refractive index between the dielectric element and the filled resin due to the respective dielectric constants.
- the dielectric constant control periodic structure can permit the passage of a desired electromagnetic wave on the one hand and can prohibit the passage of the desired electromagnetic wave on the other hand.
- the dielectric element is formed in a block body from a material containing a ferroelectric substance, and holes are formed in the parenthesis block body. That's good ,.
- holes are formed in the block body made of a material containing a ferroelectric material, and thus the electromagnetic wave changes the refractive index when the ferroelectric force also propagates to the holes. May be changed.
- the dielectric constant of the entire block changes relatively significantly, and the block and the pores formed in the block are reduced. , The refractive index of the electromagnetic wave changes greatly.
- the dielectric constant control periodic structure according to the present invention preferably uses a ferroelectric material having a Curie temperature of 0 ° C to 300 ° C.
- the temperature range is such that the temperature control can be easily performed, and the dielectric constant of the strong dielectric changes greatly due to the temperature control, so that the control of the refractive index of the electromagnetic wave can be performed easily and with high accuracy. Can be done.
- a ferroelectric material whose Curie temperature is lower than 3 ⁇ 4 ° C is used, a high-precision cooler must be used and the cost is high, so there is a problem that the Curie temperature is 300 ° C.
- Curie temperature force Use ferroelectric material with S0 ° C or more and 200 ° C or less, more preferably use ferroelectric material with a temperature of 50 ° C or more and 160 ° C or less. It is even more desirable to review.
- the electromagnetic wave propagation characteristics can be controlled by combining a change in the dielectric constant and a change in the shape of the dielectric element with the temperature. Les ,.
- the change in the form of the dielectric element include a change in the shape of the dielectric element itself, a change in the distance between the dielectric elements, a change in the position of the dielectric element, and the like. In this case, the change in the dielectric constant of the dielectric.
- the propagation characteristics of the electromagnetic wave in consideration of the dimensional change between the dielectric elements, it is possible to control the propagation characteristics with higher accuracy.
- An electromagnetic wave control device using a dielectric constant control periodic structure according to the present invention provides a dielectric constant control periodic structure according to the present invention and a temperature change to the dielectric element of the dielectric constant control periodic structure.
- the propagation characteristic of an electromagnetic wave is suitably controlled by performing switching control of the propagation of an electromagnetic wave using a dielectric constant control structure, for example. be able to.
- the electromagnetic wave control method using the dielectric constant controlled periodic structure according to the present invention controls the dielectric element of the present invention by controlling the temperature of the dielectric element, thereby providing an input to the dielectric controlled periodic structure. It is characterized by controlling the propagation characteristics of the electromagnetic wave to be transmitted.
- the dielectric constant of the dielectric element is relatively largely changed by performing temperature control so as to give a temperature change to the dielectric element. Since the shape can be changed by expansion or contraction, the form such as the interval between the dielectric elements changes. Thus, the range of the change in the refractive index of the electromagnetic wave can be made larger than in the case of the conventional control method. Therefore, in the electromagnetic wave control method using the dielectric constant control periodic structure according to the present invention, control can be performed so as to greatly change the refractive index of the electromagnetic wave, so that the propagation characteristics of the electromagnetic wave can be easily changed. it can. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
- FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory view showing a filter which is an example of an electromagnetic wave control device using a dielectric constant control periodic structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic explanatory view showing a filter as an example of another electromagnetic wave control device using the dielectric constant control periodic structure according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the temperature and the dielectric constant of barium titanate having a predetermined composition ratio.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view illustrating a dielectric constant control periodic structure according to the first embodiment.
- Figure 5 shows the relationship between the temperature and the relative dielectric constant of strontium barium titanate having a predetermined composition ratio. It is.
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view illustrating a dielectric constant control periodic structure according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the temperature and the dielectric constant of barium lead zirconate having a predetermined composition ratio.
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view illustrating a dielectric constant control periodic structure according to the third embodiment.
- a predetermined composition ratio of (1-X) Pb (Mg 1/3 Nd 2/3) ⁇ 3 - is a graph showing the relationship between XPbTi_ ⁇ third temperature and the dielectric constant.
- FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a dielectric constant control periodic structure according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing a resin mold serving as a support for a dielectric element of the dielectric constant control periodic structure according to the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a perspective view illustrating a dielectric constant control periodic structure according to the fifth embodiment.
- a filter F as an example of an electromagnetic wave control device using a dielectric constant control periodic structure 1 is shown.
- the filter F inputs a microwave signal as an electromagnetic wave.
- the filter F has a configuration in which a microwave signal is propagated from the signal source 2 through the microstrip line 3 and input.
- a signal line for microwave input for example, a waveguide, a coaxial cable, a microstrip line, or the like may be used instead of the microstrip line.
- the signal line is connected to the signal input section 4 of the dielectric constant control periodic structure 1.
- an output-side signal line including a microstrip line 6 for outputting an output signal is connected to the signal output unit 5 of the permittivity control periodic structure 1.
- the dielectric constant control periodic structure 1 includes a large number of cylindrical dielectric elements 7 in which ferroelectric powder containing barium titanate as a main component is dispersed in a resin material and solidified.
- the cylindrical dielectric elements 7 arranged in parallel are in a state where the central axes of the cylinders are located at the vertices of an equilateral triangle when viewed from the parallel axial direction. In the three directions along each side of the equilateral triangle, they are arranged in a state in which they are arranged in parallel at regular equal intervals.
- the parallel arrangement is a two-dimensional arrangement in which the axial force is observed.
- a similar cylindrical dielectric element is further provided in a direction orthogonal to the axial direction of the two-dimensionally arranged cylinder.
- the arrangement may be a three-dimensional arrangement.
- Each dielectric element 7 is set at the same height, and is formed into a rectangular parallelepiped block by resin 10. It has a hardened configuration.
- As a material of this resin for example, Teflon (trademark) resin is given. Both end surfaces in the height direction (hereinafter, referred to as the up-down direction) of each dielectric element 7 may be exposed to the outside on the upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric constant control periodic structure 1 or may not be exposed. May be covered with a resin material.
- the diameter of the circular cross-section of the cylindrical structure of the dielectric element 7 is set to 0.4 mm, and the lattice spacing (pitch) dimension between the dielectric elements 7 and 7 that match each other is set to 1 mm.
- the height of the permittivity control periodic structure 1 is set to 10 mm, the width (length in the transverse direction) is set to 8.7 mm, and the length in the longitudinal direction is set to 20 mm.
- the dielectric constant control periodic structure 1 is switched between a normal temperature state and a state where the heater 8 heats the temperature to about 120 ° C. , Can be switched. That is, as shown in FIG. 3 described later, the relative dielectric constant near room temperature is about 1000, and the refractive index at that time is 32. The relative dielectric constant near 120 ° C is about 6000, and the refractive index at that time is 77. The relative dielectric constant of the resin 10 in FIG. 1 is 2.0, and the refractive index is 1.4. In this case, the Curie temperature of barium titanate is about 120 ° C.
- the signal input unit 4 and the signal output unit 5 are used in order to control the overall temperature of the dielectric constant structure 1.
- the heaters 8 are provided on the other four surface portions different from the surface provided with.
- the heater 8 is controlled by a temperature control device 9 to supply electric power for heating.
- the temperature control device 9 is configured so that the temperature of the heater 8 can be controlled using a microcomputer according to a preset program.
- the temperature control device 9 and the heater 8 constitute a temperature control unit that controls the temperature of the dielectric element 7 of the dielectric constant control periodic structure 1.
- the relative dielectric constant between the dielectric element 7 and the resin 10 is considered.
- the position of the photonic band gap near 40 ° C, which is obtained from the refractive index difference between them, is about 16 GHz (wavelength about 18 mm).
- the position is about 10 GHz (wavelength about 29 mm), and the position of the photonic band gap can be changed over 1.5 times the frequency. Therefore, this filter F can select and transmit an electromagnetic wave of a desired wavelength.
- the permittivity control periodic structure 1 of the above-described embodiment has a heater provided for heating, One provided with a means for cooling, for example, a Peltier effect element may be provided.
- a means for cooling for example, a Peltier effect element may be provided.
- the dielectric constant controlled periodic structure 1 was unable to rapidly lower the temperature to the room temperature side, but by providing such a cooling means, the temperature could be forcibly reduced. Therefore, the temperature can be quickly lowered to the desired temperature.
- the dielectric constant control periodic structure of the present invention can also be used with millimeter waves, light from infrared rays to ultraviolet rays, and electromagnetic waves such as VHF and UHF. You can.
- the dielectric constant control periodic structure 1 in FIG. 4 is obtained by forming a large number of cylindrical cavities in a molded body of a composite resin mixture described below.
- a ferroelectric material powder whose permittivity changes greatly near the Curie point is prepared. This ferroelectric material powder is dispersed in an epoxy resin to obtain a composite resin mixture.
- a mold capable of forming the dielectric constant-controlled periodic structure having the shape shown in FIG. 4 is prepared in advance, and the composite resin mixture is poured into the mold and heated to be cured. Then, the stiffened structure is extracted from the mold, and the dielectric constant control periodic structure shown in FIG. 4 is obtained.
- the dielectric constant control periodic structure 1 having the shape shown in FIG. 4 is placed in a rectangular parallelepiped ferroelectric sintered block by a laser or the like at the position of a close-packed triangular lattice when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the plane. It can also be manufactured using a method of opening holes.
- the dielectric constant control periodic structure uses a composite material containing a mixed material obtained by mixing a strong dielectric material and a photosensitive resin. Then, it may be formed by a stereolithography method or the like. As described above, the dielectric constant control periodic structure according to the present invention can be adjusted to have a desired dielectric constant by using a composite material in which a ferroelectric material and a resin are mixed, For example, as shown in FIG. 8, even a structure that is difficult to manufacture from a sintered body can be easily manufactured.
- the ferroelectric material of the dielectric element constituting the dielectric constant control periodic structure As the ferroelectric material of the dielectric element constituting the dielectric constant control periodic structure according to the present invention, BaTiO 3 , PbTi ⁇ 3 , (Ba, Pb) SnO 3 , NaV ⁇ 3 , (Ba ⁇ Sr) Ti ⁇ 3, KNb_ ⁇ 3, LiTa_ ⁇ 3, (Ba ⁇ Pb) Zr_ ⁇ 3, Pb (Mg, W) Zr_ ⁇ 3, Pb (Mg, Nb) Zr_ ⁇ 3, Pb (Zr, Ti) of ⁇ 3 A mixed material containing the selected one as a main component is used.
- the present invention is not limited to the materials presented here, but may be any other ferroelectric material that can appropriately control the propagation characteristics of electromagnetic waves by controlling the temperature. Can be adopted. In particular, those having a large change rate of the relative dielectric constant depending on the Curie temperature are preferable.
- the dielectric element of the present invention may be a ferr
- a thermal radiation such as an infrared ray capable of heating the dielectric constant control periodic structure 1 is used, such as an infrared radiator 10 shown in FIG.
- the dielectric constant control periodic structure 1 may be irradiated.
- Barium titanate is a ferroelectric material whose permittivity changes greatly near the Curie temperature.
- Figure 3 is a graph showing the relationship between barium titanate temperature (horizontal axis) and dielectric constant (vertical axis) (GA Somlenskii and K.I. Rozgachev, Zh. Tekh. Fiz, 24, 1751 (1954) is more), the BaTi 1 02 O 3, the specific permittivity of around 40 ° C is about 1000, it is Ru divided dielectric constant in the vicinity of 120 ° C is the Curie temperature is about 6000.
- This barium titanate is molded and fired, and then formed using laser or the like so that the holes 11 are arranged so that the diameter is 1. ⁇ and the lattice spacing is 2.0 mm.
- a barium titanate ceramic block 12 having the same configuration as that of FIG.
- the dielectric constant control periodic structure 1 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and is set to have a height of 16 mm, a lateral length of 17 mm, and a longitudinal length of 34 mm.
- the holes 11 constitute a dielectric element of a close-packed triangular lattice. Then, the obtained dielectric constant controlled periodic structure 1 was arranged in a network analyzer, and the position of the photonic band gap when electromagnetic waves were irradiated was measured.
- the positions of the photonic band gap at the time of the appearance temperature force S40 ° C of the dielectric constant control periodic structure 1 and the time of the Curie temperature of 120 ° C were measured.
- Photonic band gap around 40 ° C obtained by the refractive index difference between the air in the holes 11 (refractive index 1) and the barium titanate in the ceramic block 12 (relative dielectric constant, refractive index 32 at about 1000) was about 7GHz (wavelength 40mm).
- the relative permittivity of barium titanate was about 6000 and the refractive index was 77, so the position of the photonic band gap was about 3 GHz (wavelength 100 mm). Therefore, the position of the photonic band gap can be changed over twice or more frequencies.
- Strontium barium titanate is a ferroelectric material whose dielectric constant changes greatly near the Curie temperature.
- Figure 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the temperature (horizontal axis) and the relative permittivity (vertical axis) of strontium barium titanate (ceramic notebook, edited by Hiroshi Saki, published by Gihodo Publishing). as shown, Ba 0. 8 Sr. , 2 TiO 3 has a relative dielectric constant around 20 ° C of about 2000, and a dielectric constant around 60 ° C of about 6000. In this Ba Q. 8 Sr 0. 2 Ti0 3 in Curie temperature is about 60 ° C.
- a columnar dielectric element 13 having a diameter of lmm and the same height is molded and fired using such a strontium barium titanate ceramic. on the substrate 14 made of 2 0 3 (alumina), and erected so that to parallel when viewed from the direction perpendicular to the plane in a triangular lattice close-packed arrangement, to produce a dielectric constant control cycle structure 1.
- the dielectric elements 13 in the column array are arranged in a close-packed triangular lattice, and the lattice spacing is 2 mm.
- the dielectric constant control periodic structure 1 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and is set to have a height of 16 mm, a length in the short direction of 17 mm, and a length in the long direction of 34 mm.
- the obtained dielectric constant controlled periodic structure 1 was placed in a network analyzer, and the position of the photonic band gap was measured by irradiating an electromagnetic wave. More specifically, the measurement was performed when the appearance temperature of the dielectric constant-controlled periodic structure 1 was 20 ° C and when the Curie temperature was 60 ° C.
- Barium lead zirconate is a ferroelectric material whose permittivity changes significantly near the Curie temperature.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the temperature (horizontal axis) and the dielectric constant (vertical axis) of barium lead zirconate. As shown in this graph, Ba 0. 2 Pb 0. 8 Zr_ ⁇ 3 permittivity near the 20 ° C is about 500, permittivity near 160 ° C is about 10000. In addition, this Ba. In. 2 Pb 0. 8 Zr_ ⁇ 3, the Curie temperature is about 160 ° C. Referring to Fig.
- the dielectric constant-controlled periodic structure 1 was manufactured by standing upright in parallel with. At this time, the dielectric elements 13 in the column array are arranged in a close-packed triangular lattice, and the lattice spacing is 2.0 mm.
- the dielectric constant control periodic structure 1 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and is set to have a height of 4. Omm, a length in the short direction of 7. Omm, and a length in the long direction of 17. Omm.
- the dielectric element 15 is made of an epoxy resin composite, which is obtained by dispersing a ceramic powder (average particle size: 2 ⁇ ) in an epoxy resin.
- a ceramic powder average particle size: 2 ⁇
- the dielectric constant of the dielectric constant control periodic structure 1 decreases due to the influence of the dispersion ratio.
- the relative dielectric constant around 20 ° C is about 15 (refractive index 3.9), and the relative dielectric constant near 160 ° C is about 35 (refractive index 5.9).
- the dielectric element 15 of such an epoxy-based resin composite is arranged on a network analyzer with a photonic crystal of the dielectric constant control periodic structure 1 juxtaposed in a triangular shape. Irradiated with electromagnetic waves and the position of the photonic band gap was measured. At this time, the positions of the photonic band gaps were measured when the appearance temperature of the dielectric constant control periodic structure 1 was 20 ° C and when the Curie temperature was around 160 ° C. As a result, when the appearance temperature is around 20 ° C, the position of the photonic band gap is about 75 GHz, and when it is around S160 ° C, the position of the photonic band gap is about 73 GHz. Therefore, the position of the photonic bandgap can be changed over the frequency of 2 GHz.
- the ceramic powder (average particle size: 2 ⁇ m) serving as the composite ferroelectric material was dispersed in an epoxy resin to prepare an epoxy resin composite.
- the dielectric element 17 is the above-mentioned epoxy resin composite.
- the amount of ceramic that can be easily dispersed in the composite is about 30 vol%. With resin dispersed at 30 vol%, the relative dielectric constant around 20 ° C is about 27 (refractive index 5.2), and the relative dielectric constant around 80 ° C is about 50 (refractive index 7.1). Become. Referring to FIG.
- an epoxy resin material 18 (having a refractive index of 1 ⁇ 4) in which holes are formed in the closest-packed triangular lattice columns so that the diameter is 1.4 mm and the lattice spacing is 2.
- the above-mentioned ferroelectric dispersion resin is vacuum impregnated to produce a photonic crystal, and a dielectric constant control periodic structure 1 is obtained.
- the dielectric constant control periodic structure 1 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and is set to have a height of 4. Omm, a lateral length of 7. Omm, and a longitudinal length of 17. Omm.
- the completed dielectric constant controlled periodic structure 1 was placed in a network analyzer, irradiated with electromagnetic waves, and the position of the photonic band gap was measured.
- the measurement was performed when the appearance temperature of the dielectric constant control periodic structure 1 was 20 ° C and when the Curie temperature was 80 ° C.
- the position of the photo band gap around 20 ° C is about 40GHz (wavelength about 7mm), but the position of the photo band gap around 80 ° C is about 30GHz (wavelength about 10mm) . Therefore, it is possible to move the position of the photonic band gap by 1 OGHz.
- Ba. . 2 Pb 0. 8 Zr_ ⁇ dielectric constant of 3 in the vicinity of 20 ° C is about 500
- the dielectric constant in the vicinity of 160 ° C is about 10000.
- the Curie temperature is approximately 160 ° C.
- the dielectric constant of around 80 ° C is about 9500
- the dielectric constant in the vicinity of 160 ° C is about 2000.
- the heating temperature is about 80 ° C.
- Ba 0. 3 Pb 0. 7 Zr_ ⁇ the third ceramic powder (average particle size 2 mu m) and have use of 30 vol% dispersed allowed epoxy resin, as shown in FIG. 11, the grating in diameter 0. 75 mm phi
- a ferroelectric dispersed resin mold 19 in which holes 20 of a triangular lattice column array in a close-packed arrangement are formed so that the interval is 2. Omm is produced.
- Ba 0. The 2 Pb 0. 8 Zr_ ⁇ 3 30 vol% dispersed epoxy resin immersed containing the pores 20 parts of the above type, solidifies.
- the photonic crystal which is the dielectric constant control periodic structure 1 is formed. Is prepared.
- the dielectric constant control periodic structure 1 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and is set to have a height of 4.0 mm, a lateral length of 7. Omm, and a longitudinal length of 17. Omm.
- the dielectric element 21 is made of an epoxy resin.
- the obtained dielectric constant controlled periodic structure 1 was placed in a network analyzer, irradiated with electromagnetic waves, and the photonic band gap was measured.
- the dielectric constant of the dispersed ferroelectric substance in the dielectric elements 21 arranged in a lattice and the resin mold 19 coincides at around 150 ° C. No photonic bandgap occurs. On the other hand, at around 80 ° C, a photonic bandgap occurs around 30 GHz, and at around 150 ° C, a photonic bandgap occurs around 30 GHz.
- the photonic band gap can be easily generated by controlling the temperature, and the photonic band gap can be switched.
- intermittent propagation can be easily performed by controlling the temperature.
- the epoxy resin is used as an example, but the present invention is not limited to this resin.
- the ferroelectric substance and the resin mounted on the self-mixed material can be mixed and hardened by a curing agent, heat, an electron beam, UV, or the like. Also, it is not limited to thermosetting resins.
- the same effect can be expected with a one-dimensional or three-dimensional photonic crystal in which a two-dimensional photonic crystal is described.
- the photonic crystal when controlling the temperature of the entire photonic crystal, it is described that the photonic crystal is partially provided with a temperature distribution to control the photonic band gap. It is also possible. Industrial applicability
- a dielectric constant control periodic structure which is a kind of photonic crystal for controlling electromagnetic waves, an electromagnetic wave control device using this structure, and an electromagnetic wave control method using this structure.
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| JP2003170527 | 2003-06-16 | ||
| JP2003-170527 | 2003-06-16 |
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| WO2004111709A1 true WO2004111709A1 (ja) | 2004-12-23 |
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| PCT/JP2004/007435 Ceased WO2004111709A1 (ja) | 2003-06-16 | 2004-05-25 | 誘電率制御周期構造体、この構造体を用いた電磁波制御装置およびこの構造体を用いた電磁波制御方法 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116130973A (zh) * | 2023-03-27 | 2023-05-16 | 清华大学 | 一种温度可调的全介质频率选择透波超材料 |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000341031A (ja) * | 1999-05-28 | 2000-12-08 | Ion Kogaku Kenkyusho:Kk | 三次元周期構造体およびその製造方法 |
| JP2002082239A (ja) * | 2000-09-11 | 2002-03-22 | Nec Corp | フォトニック結晶およびこれを用いた光パルス制御装置 |
| JP2002350908A (ja) * | 2001-03-22 | 2002-12-04 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | フォトニック結晶を用いた光線偏向装置、同装置を用いた光スイッチ、および光線偏向方法 |
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2004
- 2004-05-25 WO PCT/JP2004/007435 patent/WO2004111709A1/ja not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000341031A (ja) * | 1999-05-28 | 2000-12-08 | Ion Kogaku Kenkyusho:Kk | 三次元周期構造体およびその製造方法 |
| JP2002082239A (ja) * | 2000-09-11 | 2002-03-22 | Nec Corp | フォトニック結晶およびこれを用いた光パルス制御装置 |
| JP2002350908A (ja) * | 2001-03-22 | 2002-12-04 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | フォトニック結晶を用いた光線偏向装置、同装置を用いた光スイッチ、および光線偏向方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| KIRIHARA A. ETAL.: "Photonic kessho o oyo shita denjiha seigyoyo device", DENJI KANKYO KOGAKU JOHO EMC, vol. 15, no. 8, 5 December 2002 (2002-12-05), pages 100 - 113, XP002983810 * |
| ZHOU J. ET AL.: "Thermally tuning of the photonic band gap of SiO2 colloid-crystal infilled with ferroelectric BaTiO3", APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, vol. 78, no. 5, 29 January 2001 (2001-01-29), pages 661 - 663, XP012028523 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116130973A (zh) * | 2023-03-27 | 2023-05-16 | 清华大学 | 一种温度可调的全介质频率选择透波超材料 |
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