WO2004111395A2 - Procede et appareil de production d'energie dans des lieux eloignes - Google Patents

Procede et appareil de production d'energie dans des lieux eloignes Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004111395A2
WO2004111395A2 PCT/IL2004/000504 IL2004000504W WO2004111395A2 WO 2004111395 A2 WO2004111395 A2 WO 2004111395A2 IL 2004000504 W IL2004000504 W IL 2004000504W WO 2004111395 A2 WO2004111395 A2 WO 2004111395A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
biomass
evaporator
working fluid
furnace
controlling
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IL2004/000504
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2004111395B1 (fr
WO2004111395A3 (fr
Inventor
Chaim Sugarmen
Uriyel Fisher
Ariel Rotstein
Original Assignee
Ormat Technologies Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ormat Technologies Inc. filed Critical Ormat Technologies Inc.
Priority to BRPI0411439-6A priority Critical patent/BRPI0411439A/pt
Priority to EP04736728A priority patent/EP1636464A4/fr
Publication of WO2004111395A2 publication Critical patent/WO2004111395A2/fr
Publication of WO2004111395A3 publication Critical patent/WO2004111395A3/fr
Publication of WO2004111395B1 publication Critical patent/WO2004111395B1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/065—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle the combustion taking place in an internal combustion piston engine, e.g. a diesel engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
    • F01K3/18—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having heaters
    • F01K3/24—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having heaters with heating by separately-fired heaters
    • F01K3/247—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having heaters with heating by separately-fired heaters one heater being an incinerator
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of and apparatus for the operation of a closed cycle vapor turbine unit by biomass only, or combined with photovoltaic solar energy, and more particularly, a method of and apparatus for the operation of a closed cycle vapor turbine based on an organic Rankine cycle with biomass only or combined with photovoltaic solar energy.
  • the present invention overcomes the above deficiencies by the use of biomass in remote agricultural locations that fuel small closed cycle vapor turbine (CCVT) units. Because of the seasonal production of the various crops, such a unit can be easily controlled to use all available crops such as coffee husks, maize, wheat, wood chips, etc.
  • CCVT closed cycle vapor turbine
  • solar photovoltaic (PV) cells can be combined with the biomass system to supply electric energy during the day time or during periods of low biomass supply.
  • the present inventive subject matter is drawn to a system for producing power at remote locations comprising: a closed cycle vapor turbine unit having ' an evaporator containing liquid working fluid, a turbine receiving vapor of the evaporated working fluid for producing power by way of an electrical generator coupled to the turbine, a condenser and means for returning the working fluid condensate from the condenser to the evaporator; a biomass furnace associated with the evaporator for heating working fluid present in the evaporator and evaporating a portion of the working fluid; and a controller for controlling the amount of biomass fuel supplied to the biomass furnace in accordance with energy requirements of a customer load.
  • the controller for controlling the amount of fuel supplied to the biomass furnace further controls the amount of biomass fuel supplied to the biomass furnace also in accordance with a control signal from a buffer load connected to the output, of the generator. Also .preferably, the. controller for controlling the amount of biomass fuel supplied to the biomass furnace additionally controls the amount of biomass fuel supplied to the biomass furnace also in accordance with a monitored evaporator temperature.
  • the present inventive subject matter is further drawn to a method for producing power in remote locations comprising the steps of: providing a closed cycle vapor turbine unit having an evaporator containing liquid working fluid, a turbine receiving vapor of the evaporated working fluid for producing power by way of an electrical generator coupled to the turbine, a condenser and means for returning the working fluid condensate from the condenser to the evaporator; heating the working fluid present in the evaporator and evaporating portion of the working fluid using a biomass furnace associated with the evaporator; and controlling the amount of biomass fuel supplied to the biomass furnace in accordance with energy requirements of a customer load.
  • the step of controlling the amount of biomass fuel supplied to the biomass furnace further includes the step of controlling the amount of biomass fuel supplied to the biomass furnace also in accordance with a control signal from a buffer load connected to the output of the generator.
  • the step of controlling the amount of biomass fuel supplied to the biomass furnace additionally includes the step of controlling the amount of biomass fuel supplied to the biomass furnace also in accordance with a monitored evaporator temperature .
  • the first two are based of "biomass only, " while the third one includes the option of supplementary energy by PV solar cells.
  • m he schemes shown in the examples are 'basic and additional. features can be added which are not the issues of the present proposal such as use of heat recovery by recuperators after the condenser, etc.
  • CCVT unit is based on an organic Rankine cycle and comprises an evaporator, turbine, condenser and circulation pump.
  • Heat is supplied to the evaporator that is filled with organic fluid.
  • the organic liquid temperature and pressure rises and part of the liquid is evaporated and flows out at the top of the evaporator.
  • a turbine that is installed on the vapor path ⁇ will utilize the energy of the expanding vapors, thus operating a generator for the generation of. electric power.
  • a droplet separator is preferably installed at the vapors exit path to collect any liquid droplets that may enter the high pressure flow path, reach the turbine and damage the blades.
  • the expanding vapors, after expanding through the turbine, are condensed in a water or air-cooled condenser in which the pressure is lower according to the condensation temperature.
  • the condensed liquid is collected below the condenser and is pumped back to the evaporator to repeat the cycle.
  • the liquid may be pumped by a mechanical driving force, turbine shaft-bearing centrifugal forces or gravity.
  • Figure • 1 is a schematic diagram of one ' embodiment . of the.: apparatus of the present inventive subject matter.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the present inventive subject matter.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic ' diagram of still another embodiment of the present inventive subject matter.
  • FIG 4 is a block diagram of a yet further embodiment of the present inventive subject matter.
  • Figures 1 and 2 present a biomass furnace the is directly heating the organic liquid. The difference between the two cases is that in one case, the flue gas heat is wasted to the atmosphere, while in the second case, shown in Figure 2, the flue gas is optionally turned back to the biomass feeding silo to dry the biomass, thus increasing the furnace combustion efficiency.
  • Biomass may have a high moisture content that reduces the heat value of the fuel if it is not dried before combustion.
  • Biomass is fed automatically to supply energy requested by customer load.
  • the operation of the system is controlled by a controller receiving a control signal from a buffer load.
  • the buffer load comprises a Pulse Width Modulator, the buffer load being connected to the power outlet of the turbine generator before the connection to the customer loads.
  • the controller monitors tne evaporator temperature and controls the fuel supply accordingly.
  • the rate of fuel is controlled by the temperature difference between boiler instantly monitored temperature and desired temperature.
  • Air supply is controlled and optimized by an oxygen sensor in the furnace exit or preferably in the boiler exit, i.e., the chimney side.
  • PV solar energy is continuously connected during the day or if the biomass silo storage tank does not have enough stored biomass. Integration of PV solar energy is an option. Solar PV panels are connected to the already existing inverter (see diagram of Figure 4) .
  • a single controller can control all operation modes. Small battery storage is necessary for the start/ large battery storage is optional.
  • the cover of the supply silo that is usually tightly sealed must be equipped with a safety valve to let off extra pressure created by the produced steam in the silo container - such drying will not only supply improved fuel to the combustion chamber, but also creates higher pressure in the feeding compartment, thus reducing the chances for return fire from the furnace to the fuel silo.
  • the unit In case the unit is vertical and high-condensed organic liquid returns to the evaporator by gravity, part goes directly and the other part goes through the turbine bearing to lubricate it.
  • the turbine shaft rotation in the ' bearing produces pressure that pushes the lubricating liquid (the organic fluid) through designed peripheral holes in the housing to a downstream tank that can be the evaporator.
  • Ash particles contained, in the flue gas are .separated at the boiler exit to gain the thermal energy contained in it.
  • the systems are capable of supplying the required power output from zero to the maximum rated power output.
  • the system identifies the desired power output and controls the furnace to supply the required thermal energy to produce this power output, by doing so the system uses only the biomass quantities required and saves large amounts of biomass. preferably using a Pulse Width Modulator (PWM) which is connected to the power outlet of the turbine generator before the connection to the customer loads.
  • PWM Pulse Width Modulator
  • the furnace is able to operate at thermal loads of 20% of the maximum load with desired ratio between the biomass flow and the air supply for efficient combustion.
  • Air supply is controlled and optimized by an oxygen sensor in the furnace exit or preferably in the boiler exit side, i.e., chimney side.
  • the controller establishes the desired furnace output and sends furnace output and sends a linear signal to the furnace and to the air blower.
  • the air supply to the combustion influences the oxygen level in the exhaust gases, the feeder supplies the required biomass to enable combustion with the desired air/fuel ratio.
  • the air/fuel ration set point changes according to the power demand from the boiler, to optimize the furnace performance.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de production d'énergie dans des lieux éloignés. Ledit système comprend : une unité de turbine à vapeur à cycle fermé présentant un évaporateur contenant un fluide de travail liquide, une turbine recevant la vapeur du fluide de travail évaporé pour produire de l'énergie au moyen d'un générateur électrique couplé à la turbine, un condensateur et un moyen permettant de renvoyer le condensat de fluide de travail du condensateur à l'évaporateur ; un four à biomasse associé à l'évaporateur pour chauffer le fluide de travail présente dans l'évaporateur et évaporant une partie du fluide de travail ; et un dispositif de commande permettant de commander la quantité de biocombustible alimentée dans le four à biomasse conformément aux besoins énergétiques d'une charge de clients. L'invention concerne également un procédé de production d'énergie à l'aide dudit système.
PCT/IL2004/000504 2003-06-13 2004-06-13 Procede et appareil de production d'energie dans des lieux eloignes WO2004111395A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BRPI0411439-6A BRPI0411439A (pt) 2003-06-13 2004-06-13 método e aparelho para a geração de força em locais remotos
EP04736728A EP1636464A4 (fr) 2003-06-13 2004-06-13 Procede et appareil de production d'energie dans des lieux eloignes

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/460,369 2003-06-13
US10/460,369 US6973789B2 (en) 1998-11-10 2003-06-13 Method of and apparatus for producing power in remote locations

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004111395A2 true WO2004111395A2 (fr) 2004-12-23
WO2004111395A3 WO2004111395A3 (fr) 2005-06-09
WO2004111395B1 WO2004111395B1 (fr) 2005-08-04

Family

ID=33551345

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IL2004/000504 WO2004111395A2 (fr) 2003-06-13 2004-06-13 Procede et appareil de production d'energie dans des lieux eloignes

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US6973789B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1636464A4 (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0411439A (fr)
WO (1) WO2004111395A2 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2014880A1 (fr) * 2007-07-09 2009-01-14 Universiteit Gent Système combiné de génération de chaleur amélioré
WO2009112939A2 (fr) * 2008-03-14 2009-09-17 Shap Corp S.R.L. Centrale thermosolaire à chambre de combustion à lit fluidisé intégrée

Families Citing this family (10)

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US6973789B2 (en) * 1998-11-10 2005-12-13 Ormat Technologies, Inc. Method of and apparatus for producing power in remote locations
US8132409B2 (en) * 2007-05-08 2012-03-13 Solar Turbine Group, International Solar collection and conversion system and methods and apparatus for control thereof
US20090293786A1 (en) * 2008-05-27 2009-12-03 Olver John W Biomass Combustion Chamber and Refractory Components
US8667706B2 (en) * 2008-08-25 2014-03-11 David N. Smith Rotary biomass dryer
US8310096B1 (en) 2009-01-12 2012-11-13 Drahota Jordan A Electrical backup for a gas furnace
US20110227339A1 (en) * 2010-03-17 2011-09-22 Daniel Jean Rissacher Biomass Fueled Combined Heat and Power Generator
GB2494709A (en) * 2011-09-19 2013-03-20 Energetix Genlec Ltd Organic Rankine cycle heat engine with switched driver
CN102842066B (zh) * 2012-07-16 2015-11-11 杭州电子科技大学 一种生物质炉燃烧优化的建模方法
JP5579346B1 (ja) * 2012-12-03 2014-08-27 東京博善株式会社 火葬システム
JP6083420B2 (ja) * 2014-08-05 2017-02-22 トヨタ自動車株式会社 内燃機関の冷却装置

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US5666890A (en) * 1994-06-22 1997-09-16 Craig; Joe D. Biomass gasification system and method
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2014880A1 (fr) * 2007-07-09 2009-01-14 Universiteit Gent Système combiné de génération de chaleur amélioré
WO2009112939A2 (fr) * 2008-03-14 2009-09-17 Shap Corp S.R.L. Centrale thermosolaire à chambre de combustion à lit fluidisé intégrée
WO2009112939A3 (fr) * 2008-03-14 2010-04-29 Shap Corp S.R.L. Centrale thermosolaire à chambre de combustion à lit fluidisé intégrée

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1636464A2 (fr) 2006-03-22
EP1636464A4 (fr) 2006-09-27
WO2004111395B1 (fr) 2005-08-04
US6973789B2 (en) 2005-12-13
WO2004111395A3 (fr) 2005-06-09
US20040055303A1 (en) 2004-03-25
BRPI0411439A (pt) 2006-07-18

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