WO2004109075A1 - Procede permettant d'obtenir de tres faibles emissions de nox, dans des turbines a gaz fonctionnant a des temperatures entree turbine elevees - Google Patents

Procede permettant d'obtenir de tres faibles emissions de nox, dans des turbines a gaz fonctionnant a des temperatures entree turbine elevees Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004109075A1
WO2004109075A1 PCT/US2004/017920 US2004017920W WO2004109075A1 WO 2004109075 A1 WO2004109075 A1 WO 2004109075A1 US 2004017920 W US2004017920 W US 2004017920W WO 2004109075 A1 WO2004109075 A1 WO 2004109075A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
air
fuel
combustor
combustion
gas turbine
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2004/017920
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
William C. Pfefferle
Original Assignee
Precision Combustion, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Precision Combustion, Inc. filed Critical Precision Combustion, Inc.
Priority to DE112004000994T priority Critical patent/DE112004000994T5/de
Priority to CA002527948A priority patent/CA2527948A1/fr
Publication of WO2004109075A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004109075A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/34—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid with recycling of part of the working fluid, i.e. semi-closed cycles with combustion products in the closed part of the cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/20—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
    • F02C3/22—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products the fuel or oxidant being gaseous at standard temperature and pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/18—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use using the waste heat of gas-turbine plants outside the plants themselves, e.g. gas-turbine power heat plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
    • F23C9/08—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber for reducing temperature in combustion chamber, e.g. for protecting walls of combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/40—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the use of catalytic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00—Control
    • F05D2270/01—Purpose of the control system
    • F05D2270/08—Purpose of the control system to produce clean exhaust gases
    • F05D2270/082—Purpose of the control system to produce clean exhaust gases with as little NOx as possible
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2202/00—Fluegas recirculation
    • F23C2202/30—Premixing fluegas with combustion air
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for improving the thermal efficiency of gas turbine systems by enabling higher firing temperatures without unacceptable NOx production.
  • the present invention is a method for obtaining low, single-digit NOx emission levels from high turbme-inlet-temperature gas turbines. More particularly, in combined cycle gas turbine systems, the present invention is directed to a method that enables use of higher pressure ratio, higher efficiency gas turbines without sacrificing steam cycle performance thereby providing increased system efficiency.
  • inlet air comprising reduced oxygen content is supplied to the turbine compressor.
  • the temperature of the air supplied to the compressor may be controlled to a predetermined value regardless of how low the ambient air temperature may be, thus allowing the turbine to be operated at maximum efficiency regardless of ambient conditions. If maximum power is required, the inlet air temperature can be reduced at some sacrifice in efficiency.
  • the present invention is a method and an apparatus for achieving ultra- low NOx combustion emissions, even at the highest combustion temperature required for present gas turbines, comprising the use of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR).
  • EGR exhaust gas recirculation
  • air refers to a gas that contains the oxidizer oxygen.
  • fuel/air mixture the more conventional fuel/air terminology
  • the term "equivalence ratio" is used to denote the proportions of fuel and air in the fuel/air mixture.
  • the equivalence ratio is the ratio of the actual fuel/air ratio to the stoichiometric fuel/air ratio, where the stoichiometric coefficients are calculated for the reaction giving full oxidation products CO 2 and H 2 O.
  • An equivalence ratio greater than 1.0 defines a fuel-rich fuel/air mixture, and an equivalence ratio less than 1.0 defines a fuel-lean fuel/air mixture.
  • hydrocarbon fuels have a limited range of fuel/air ratios within which a flame can propagate.
  • the rich flammability limit for combustion is the highest equivalence ratio for flame combustion, and similarly the lean flammability limit is the lowest. As is known, these limits typically widen with an increase in fuel/air n ixture temperature or pressure and narrow with reduction in oxygen concentration.
  • Catalytic combustion as for example using the method of U.S. Patent No. 6,358,040, unlike conventional flame combustion, is not limited to equivalence ratios within the normal flammability limits of flame combustion and thus is preferred in the method of the present invention.
  • fresh inlet air is mixed with cooled combustion gases in sufficient quantity to reduce the oxygen content of the resulting mixture, preferably to at least eighteen mole percent, more preferably about fifteen mole percent
  • the combustion products may contain less than one percent residual oxygen.
  • the combustion comprises a fuel- lean ratio having an equivalence ratio greater than about 0.55 and more preferably greater than about 0.6.
  • the inlet air is mixed with cooled combustion product gas prior to entering the compressor of a gas turbine.
  • the cooled combustion gases may be compressed separately and then mixed with compressed air exiting the gas turbine compressor.
  • the compressed air mixture is mixed with fuel and combusted thereby producing hot combustion products that are expanded in the turbine to produce power and hot exhaust gas.
  • the exhaust gas is then transported into a heat recovery unit.
  • the heat recovery unit comprises a steam boiler in which case the steam may be used for heat or further transported into a steam turbine for additional power production.
  • a portion of the cooled combustion product gases from the heat recovery unit typically at a temperature of about 100 degrees centigrade, may used to dilute the fresh inlet air.
  • combustion product gases are further cooled such as to a temperature below about 50 degrees centigrade, as for example by passage through a water spray tower or a secondary heat exchanger before being mixed with the fresh air supplied to the compressor.
  • the temperature of the recycled exhaust gas is such that when mixed with the ambient air, the temperature of the admixture supplied to the gas turbine is close to the gas turbine design value.
  • the temperature of the inlet mixture to the compressor can be readily controlled by bypassing a controlled amount of exhausted gas around the secondary chiller.
  • the temperature the recycled exhaust gas should be as close as feasible to that of the ambient air supplied to the gas
  • V turbine or even lower combustion is stabilized using a catalytic combustor.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic drawing of a typical combined cycle gas turbine system of the present invention.
  • Figures 2 and 3 depict respective plots of the calculated NOx emissions for a typical premixed combustion of fuel and air with and without the use of EGR of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 depicts a schematic of a typical combined cycle gas turbine system 10 of the present invention.
  • combined cycle gas turbine system 10 comprises compressor 11 supplying compressed air to combustor 14 through flow path 22.
  • Fuel 13 enters combustor 14 through flow path 23 wherein it is preferably premixed with the compressed air prior to combustion.
  • Hot combustion products are transported to turbine 12 through flow path 32.
  • Turbine 12 and steam turbine 18 turn and power generator 16.
  • Exhaust gases from turbine 12 are supplied to heat recovery boiler 20 through flow path 33.
  • the steam produced is supplied to steam turbine 18 through flow path 40.
  • the cooled exhaust gases 37 exit through flow path 34 with a portion being supplied to supplemental cooler 50 through flow path 35 for recycle to the compressor 11 inlet through flow path 36.
  • Cooler 50 comprises a heat exchanger further comprising a coolant 38.
  • Fresh air 40 for combustion is added to the recycled exhaust gases in flow
  • combustor 14 is a catalytic combustor, as for example as described in US Patent No. 6,358,040.
  • Figure 2 depicts the calculated NOx emissions for a typical premixed combustion of fuel and air, with and without the use of providing EGR to the inlet fresh combustion air.
  • NOx formation at a combustion temperature of 2750° F is lowered from more than 5 ppm to 3 ppm by use of EGR to lower the oxygen content of the inlet air to 15 percent.
  • Plug flow residence time is thirty milliseconds. Oxygen content can be lowered further resulting in lower NOx emissions. Inlet air oxygen contents as low as about 11 percent are feasible.
  • Figure 3 depicts the calculated NOx comparison for a similar combustor having a plug flow residence time of only fifteen milliseconds. As shown in Figure 3, the NOx reduction of EGR applies even for reduced residence time combustors.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention a trait à un procédé de combustion, qui consiste : à fournir un combustible (13) à une chambre de combustion de turbine (14) ; à fournir de l'air (21) afin de former un mélange combustible/air présentant un coefficient d'équivalence supérieur à 0,55 ; à fournir des gaz de combustion refroidis (37), et à les mélanger avec l'air de façon que la teneur en oxygène du mélange soit inférieure à 18 % ; et à fournir ledit mélange à la chambre de combustion (14).
PCT/US2004/017920 2003-06-06 2004-06-04 Procede permettant d'obtenir de tres faibles emissions de nox, dans des turbines a gaz fonctionnant a des temperatures entree turbine elevees WO2004109075A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE112004000994T DE112004000994T5 (de) 2003-06-06 2004-06-04 Verfahren zum Erhalten ultraniedriger NOx-Emissionen von mit hohen Turbineneinlasstemperaturen arbeitenden Gasturbinen
CA002527948A CA2527948A1 (fr) 2003-06-06 2004-06-04 Procede permettant d'obtenir de tres faibles emissions de nox, dans des turbines a gaz fonctionnant a des temperatures entree turbine elevees

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US47668803P 2003-06-06 2003-06-06
US60/476,688 2003-06-06

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004109075A1 true WO2004109075A1 (fr) 2004-12-16

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2004/017920 WO2004109075A1 (fr) 2003-06-06 2004-06-04 Procede permettant d'obtenir de tres faibles emissions de nox, dans des turbines a gaz fonctionnant a des temperatures entree turbine elevees

Country Status (3)

Country Link
CA (1) CA2527948A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE112004000994T5 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004109075A1 (fr)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006093698A1 (fr) * 2005-03-01 2006-09-08 Kalex Llc Système de combustion à recirculation des gaz de combustion
EP2348256A1 (fr) * 2010-01-26 2011-07-27 Alstom Technology Ltd Procédé de fonctionnement d'une turbine à gaz et turbine à gaz
US8087248B2 (en) 2008-10-06 2012-01-03 Kalex, Llc Method and apparatus for the utilization of waste heat from gaseous heat sources carrying substantial quantities of dust
US8176738B2 (en) 2008-11-20 2012-05-15 Kalex Llc Method and system for converting waste heat from cement plant into a usable form of energy
CH704118A1 (de) * 2010-11-17 2012-05-31 Alstom Technology Ltd Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Kraftwerks mit kombiniertem Zyklus und mit Abgasrückführung.
US8191349B2 (en) 2006-12-14 2012-06-05 General Electric Company System and method for low emissions combustion
US8474263B2 (en) 2010-04-21 2013-07-02 Kalex, Llc Heat conversion system simultaneously utilizing two separate heat source stream and method for making and using same
US8695344B2 (en) 2008-10-27 2014-04-15 Kalex, Llc Systems, methods and apparatuses for converting thermal energy into mechanical and electrical power
US9200540B2 (en) 2010-10-19 2015-12-01 Alstom Technology Ltd Combined cycle with recirculation plant inlet oxygen concentration system
US9249689B2 (en) 2010-05-26 2016-02-02 Alstom Technology Ltd Combined cycle power plant with flue gas recirculation
US9828912B2 (en) 2010-05-26 2017-11-28 Ansaldo Energia Switzerland AG Combined cycle power plant with flue gas recirculation

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2584749C1 (ru) * 2014-12-22 2016-05-20 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Государственный космический научно-производственный центр имени М.В. Хруничева" Турбокомпрессорная энергетическая установка

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2624172A (en) * 1947-11-01 1953-01-06 Eugene J Houdry Process of generating power involving catalytic oxidation
US4040252A (en) * 1976-01-30 1977-08-09 United Technologies Corporation Catalytic premixing combustor
US4271664A (en) * 1977-07-21 1981-06-09 Hydragon Corporation Turbine engine with exhaust gas recirculation
US4498298A (en) * 1983-09-15 1985-02-12 Morgan George R Stirling cycle piston engine

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2624172A (en) * 1947-11-01 1953-01-06 Eugene J Houdry Process of generating power involving catalytic oxidation
US4040252A (en) * 1976-01-30 1977-08-09 United Technologies Corporation Catalytic premixing combustor
US4271664A (en) * 1977-07-21 1981-06-09 Hydragon Corporation Turbine engine with exhaust gas recirculation
US4498298A (en) * 1983-09-15 1985-02-12 Morgan George R Stirling cycle piston engine

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006093698A1 (fr) * 2005-03-01 2006-09-08 Kalex Llc Système de combustion à recirculation des gaz de combustion
US7350471B2 (en) 2005-03-01 2008-04-01 Kalex Llc Combustion system with recirculation of flue gas
US8191349B2 (en) 2006-12-14 2012-06-05 General Electric Company System and method for low emissions combustion
US8087248B2 (en) 2008-10-06 2012-01-03 Kalex, Llc Method and apparatus for the utilization of waste heat from gaseous heat sources carrying substantial quantities of dust
US8695344B2 (en) 2008-10-27 2014-04-15 Kalex, Llc Systems, methods and apparatuses for converting thermal energy into mechanical and electrical power
US8176738B2 (en) 2008-11-20 2012-05-15 Kalex Llc Method and system for converting waste heat from cement plant into a usable form of energy
EP2348256A1 (fr) * 2010-01-26 2011-07-27 Alstom Technology Ltd Procédé de fonctionnement d'une turbine à gaz et turbine à gaz
US9062886B2 (en) 2010-01-26 2015-06-23 Alstom Technology Ltd. Sequential combustor gas turbine including a plurality of gaseous fuel injection nozzles and method for operating the same
US8474263B2 (en) 2010-04-21 2013-07-02 Kalex, Llc Heat conversion system simultaneously utilizing two separate heat source stream and method for making and using same
US9249689B2 (en) 2010-05-26 2016-02-02 Alstom Technology Ltd Combined cycle power plant with flue gas recirculation
US9828912B2 (en) 2010-05-26 2017-11-28 Ansaldo Energia Switzerland AG Combined cycle power plant with flue gas recirculation
US9200540B2 (en) 2010-10-19 2015-12-01 Alstom Technology Ltd Combined cycle with recirculation plant inlet oxygen concentration system
CH704118A1 (de) * 2010-11-17 2012-05-31 Alstom Technology Ltd Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Kraftwerks mit kombiniertem Zyklus und mit Abgasrückführung.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE112004000994T5 (de) 2006-06-14
CA2527948A1 (fr) 2004-12-16

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