WO2004108438A1 - ランフラットタイヤ用タイヤホイール組立体 - Google Patents
ランフラットタイヤ用タイヤホイール組立体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004108438A1 WO2004108438A1 PCT/JP2004/006201 JP2004006201W WO2004108438A1 WO 2004108438 A1 WO2004108438 A1 WO 2004108438A1 JP 2004006201 W JP2004006201 W JP 2004006201W WO 2004108438 A1 WO2004108438 A1 WO 2004108438A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- tire
- wheel assembly
- resin
- rubber
- rim
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C17/00—Tyres characterised by means enabling restricted operation in damaged or deflated condition; Accessories therefor
- B60C17/04—Tyres characterised by means enabling restricted operation in damaged or deflated condition; Accessories therefor utilising additional non-inflatable supports which become load-supporting in emergency
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C17/00—Tyres characterised by means enabling restricted operation in damaged or deflated condition; Accessories therefor
- B60C17/04—Tyres characterised by means enabling restricted operation in damaged or deflated condition; Accessories therefor utilising additional non-inflatable supports which become load-supporting in emergency
- B60C17/043—Tyres characterised by means enabling restricted operation in damaged or deflated condition; Accessories therefor utilising additional non-inflatable supports which become load-supporting in emergency made-up of an annular metallic shell
Definitions
- the present invention is used for a pneumatic tire (hereinafter, referred to as a runflat tire) that can perform a limited operation in a damaged or deflated state.
- the present invention relates to a tire wheel assembly, and more particularly to a tire wheel assembly in which a core for a run flat made of a high-rigidity annular shell and an elastic ring provided in an inner cavity of a tire Z rim is made recyclable. I do.
- the runflat core body has an annular member having an outer peripheral side as a support surface, and elastic rings are attached to both legs thereof, and the core body is supported on the tire rim via the elastic rings. It has such a structure.
- This technology using runflat cores allows the wheel rims to be used as they are without any special design changes to the wheel Z rim of conventional general pneumatic tires. Although it has the advantage that manufacturing, processing and mounting equipment can be used as it is, in recent years, recycling of tires has become important in the tire industry from the viewpoint of resource saving and environmental conservation. From this point of view, we examined the recyclability of runflat tires and found that it was necessary to make it possible to recycle runflat cores, especially the elastic rings that are their components. Disclosure of the invention
- the present invention makes it possible to recycle the elastic ring that constitutes the runflat core of the tire wheel assembly for runflat while ensuring durability during runflat while reusing the elastic ring after use. It is an object of the present invention to provide a tire / wheel assembly having an improved runflat core.
- a tire wheel having a run-flat core attached to an inner cavity of a tire Z rim, wherein a thin rigid annular shell is supported by the rim by an elastic ring.
- a tire / wheel assembly including a thermoplastic elastomer composition having a structure in which a rubber ring (B) is dispersed in a thermoplastic resin (A) in which a ferocious ring is dispersed.
- a tire / wheel assembly in which a run-flat core body configured such that a thin and rigid annular shell is supported by a rim by an elastic ring is provided in an inner cavity of the tire / rim.
- the elastic ring forms a carbonyl group-containing group and a heterocyclic amine-containing group in the side chain.
- the present invention provides a tire-wheel assembly comprising a hydrogen-bonding thermoplastic elastomer and Z comprising the elastomeric polymer having the composition or a composition of the thermoplastic elastomer.
- FIG. 1 is a meridian sectional view showing a main part of an example of a tire / wheel assembly of the present invention.
- the present inventors have made it possible to recycle an elastic ring after use in a runflat core, which is formed of a high-rigidity annular shell and an elastic ring, while ensuring durability during runflat.
- the material of the elastic ring shall be a thermoplastic elastomer composition in which a rubber composition is dispersed in a thermoplastic resin, or a hydrogen-bonding thermoplastic elastomer. It has been found that the above object can be achieved by the above. Furthermore, in order to ensure the adhesion between the elastic ring made of these materials and the rigid annular shell, recycling is possible by devising the contact area between the annular shell and the elastic ring and the shape of the shell legs.
- FIG. 1 is a meridian sectional view showing a main part of a typical example of a tire wheel assembly (wheel) of the present invention.
- a runflat core 1 according to the present invention comprises a high-rigidity annular shell 4 and an elastic ring 5 inserted into an inner cavity 3 of a tire / rim of a pneumatic tire 2. Formed from This ruff
- the core 1 for the rat is smaller in shape than the inner diameter of the cavity 3 so that the outer diameter keeps a constant distance from the inner surface of the inner cavity 3 of the pneumatic tire 2, and the inner diameter is generally smaller. Is approximately the same as the inside diameter of the bead of the pneumatic tire.
- the runflat core 1 is inserted into the rim 6 of the wheel together with the pneumatic tire 2 while being inserted inside the pneumatic tire 2 to form a tire-wheel assembly. If the pneumatic tire is punctured while this tire wheel assembly is mounted on a car or the like while driving, the punctured and crushed tire 2 will be supported by the outer peripheral surface of the runflat core 1. As a result, run-flat driving becomes possible.
- the runflat core of the tire / wheel assembly of the present invention is made of a ring made of a highly rigid material (for example, a metal material such as iron, stainless steel, steel, aluminum alloy, or a fiber-reinforced synthetic resin).
- the annular shell 4 is composed of a shell 4 and an elastic ring 5.
- the annular shell 4 forms a continuous support surface to support the tires, such as the outside, and has a shape with left and right side walls as legs. are doing.
- the outer support surface can take various shapes, for example, as shown in FIG. 1, a cross-section that is perpendicular to the circumferential direction has a shape that is convex outward.
- the number arranged in the tire axial direction is not limited to two as shown in Fig. 1, but may be three or more, or even a single one), and may be flat or any other shape. it can.
- the elastic rings 5 are attached to, for example, the ends of both legs of the annular shell 4 and support the annular shell 4 by directly abutting on the left and right rims 6.
- the elastic ring 5 is usually made of rubber, and relieves impact vibration received by the annular shell 4 from a tire such as a punctured tire. It works stably.
- the load during rim work and runflat driving is made dimensionless by the nominal inner diameter R (inch) of the tire, and when the bonding area is S (cm 2 ), the ratio SZR is 4.5 cm 2 Z inch.
- the bonding area is the bonding area between the rigid material and the elastic ring at one end of the annular shell, that is, the adhesive area is in contact with the elastic ring 5 at the end of the annular shell 4 in a cross section orthogonal to the circumferential direction.
- Table Z refers to the total bonding area of the back surface and end surface of the seal in the circumferential direction.
- the bonding surface between the annular shell 4 and the elastic ring 5 is preferably constituted by the axial direction and the radial direction, and it is more preferable that both are substantially equal. As a result, a structure is formed that can withstand both axial and radial forces generated during runflat driving.
- a runflat core 1, a pneumatic tire 2, and a rim 6 are formed coaxially in an annular shape around a rotation axis (not shown) of a wheel.
- the size of the annular shell is not particularly limited, it is preferable that the thickness is 0.5 to 3.0 mm and the width is substantially equal to the interval between the left and right tire beads.
- the elastic ring has a 100% modulus (100 ° C), preferably at least 1 MPa, preferably lMPa to 10 MPa, to maintain load bearing capacity during runflat driving. Preferably, it is 2 to 5 MPa.
- a material having recyclability and satisfying the above-mentioned properties (1) a composite material in which fine rubber particles are dispersed in a resin matrix is preferable, and this composite material has a melting point of the matrix resin. Since it is softened at the same time, it can be reused by melting, and also has moderate elasticity even at high temperatures due to the presence of rubber. (2) Hydrogen-bonding thermoplastic elastomers, that is, thermoreversible crosslinked rubbers, are also melted at temperatures above their melting points and reused.
- the material having the rubber-like elasticity can be used.
- thermoplastic elastomer composition that can be used to construct the elastic ring according to the present invention is a thermoplastic resin having a melting point of preferably 150 ° C. or more as a matrix resin.
- A Preferably, at least one kind of heat selected from a polyimide resin, a polyester resin, a polynitrile resin, a polyolefin resin, a polyvinyl resin, a polyphenylene oxide resin and a polyimide resin.
- the rubber composition (B), preferably (A) / (B) (weight ratio) is 80/20 to 25/75, more preferably 70/30 to the plastic resin (A).
- thermoplastic resin (A) it is dispersed at a ratio of 35/65, and if the proportion of the thermoplastic resin (A) is too large, the rigidity of the elastic ring increases and the rim assembly tends to be difficult. On the contrary, if the amount is too small, it becomes difficult to disperse the rubber, and the kneading becomes difficult. It is even less desirable because it may not be possible.
- Examples of the rubber of the rubber composition (B) include natural rubber, epoxidized natural rubber, and gen-based rubber (eg, polyisoprene rubber (IR), polybutadiene rubber (BR), conjugated gen-aromatic vinyl copolymer (E.g., SBR), ethylenically unsaturated di-tolyl-conjugated gen-copolymer (e.g., NBR) and hydrogenated products thereof, and olefin-based rubber (ethylene-propylene rubber (EPDM or EPM)) Maleic acid-modified ethylene-propylene rubber (M-EPM), butyl rubber (IIR), isobutylene and aromatic vinyl or gen-based monomer copolymer), acrylic rubber (ACM), ionomer, halogen-containing rubber ( For example, CIIR, BIIR, isobutylene-p-methylstyrene copolymer Bromide (Br-IPMS), chloroprene rubber (CR),
- fluorinated phosphazene rubbers These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Fillers such as carbon black, silica, calcium carbonate, clay, etc., and general-purpose additives such as anti-aging agents, oils or plasticizers, vulcanizing agents, vulcanization accelerators, vulcanization aids, etc. They can be appropriately blended and used.
- the method of dispersing the rubber composition (B) in the thermoplastic resin (A) includes, for example, a method in which the thermoplastic resin (A) and the rubber composition (B) (unvulcanized product) are dispersed in advance.
- the rubber composition (B) can be dispersed in the thermoplastic resin (A) forming a continuous phase by melt-kneading the rubber composition with a twin-screw kneading extruder or the like.
- a vulcanizing agent may be added during kneading of the thermoplastic resin (A) and the rubber composition (B) to dynamically vulcanize the rubber. good.
- thermoplastic resin or the rubber composition may be added during the kneading, but it is preferable to mix them before kneading.
- the kneader used for kneading the thermoplastic resin (A) and the rubber composition (B) is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a screw extruder, a kneader, a Pampari mixer, and a twin-screw extruder. Can be Among them, it is preferable to use a twin-screw kneading extruder for kneading the resin component and the rubber composition component and for dynamically vulcanizing the rubber composition.
- the temperature may be at least the temperature at which the thermoplastic resin melts.
- the shear rate during kneading is 250 to 7 5 0 0 is preferably S ECT 1.
- the whole kneading time is preferably 30 seconds to 10 minutes, and when a vulcanizing agent is added, the vulcanization time after the addition is preferably 15 seconds to 5 minutes.
- the hydrogen-bonding thermoplastic elastomer constituting the elastic ring according to the present invention and the composition containing the same are softened at a certain temperature, but recover the rubbery elasticity at room temperature. It forms a rubber, and is specifically made of an elastomeric polymer having a carbonyl group-containing group and a heterocyclic amine-containing group in the side chain (including the molecular terminal) as described above.
- Hydrogen-bonding thermoplastic elastomers and / or suitable additives e.g. fillers such as carbon black, silica, calcium carbonate, tarry, antioxidants, oils or plasticizers, vulcanizing agents, vulcanization accelerators And a general-purpose additive such as a vulcanization aid).
- thermoplastic elastomer composition is appropriately described in, for example, JP-A-200-169527. It is on the street.
- carbonyl group-containing group include at least one of amide, ester, imide and carboxyl, and specific examples of the group having this and the heterocyclic amine-containing group.
- elastomeric polymer used in the present invention examples include, for example, natural rubber, isoprene rubber, butadiene rubber,
- TPE thermoplastic elastomer
- polyolefin-based TPE polyvinyl chloride-based TPE
- polyurethane-based TPE polyurethane-based
- TPE polyester TPE, polyamide TPE, and the like may be used.
- the above-mentioned elastomeric polymer may be either liquid or solid.
- the molecular weight is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose of use, crosslink density, and the like.
- the carbonyl group-containing group bonded to the side chain of the elastomeric polymer of the present invention is hydrogen-bonding, and specifically includes a carbonyl group, a carboxyl group (OH), an amide group, an ester group, an imido group and the like.
- Examples of the compound into which such a group can be introduced include, without particular limitation, carboxylic acids and derivatives thereof.
- carboxylic acid compound include an organic acid having a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group, and the hydrocarbon group may be any of aliphatic, alicyclic, and aromatic carboxylic acids.
- carboxylic acid derivatives examples include carboxylic anhydrides, esters, ketones, amino acids, amides, imides, and thiocarboxylic acids (carboxylic acids containing a mercapto group).
- Carboxylic acids and substituted carboxylic acids such as tallic acid, terephthalic acid, P-phenylenediacetic acid, P-hydroxybenzoic acid, P-aminobenzoic acid, mercaptoacetic acid, succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride
- Acid anhydrides such as acetic acid, glutaric anhydride, phthalic anhydride, propionic anhydride, and benzoic anhydride
- aliphatic alcohols such as maleic acid ester, maleic acid esterol, succinic acid ester, glutaric acid ester, and ethyl acetate Aster, phthalic acid este
- Ketone glycine, tricine, bicine, alanine, parin, leucine , Serine, threonine, lysine, ⁇ scan / ⁇ 0 La Gin acid, Gunoreta Mi phosphate, cysteine, Mechionin, professional re down, N- (P - ⁇ Mi Roh base Nzoiru) one j8 - amino such as Aranin Acid, maleinamide, maleinamide (malein monoamide), succinic acid monoamide, 5—hydroxypaleramide, N—acetylethanolamine, N, N, hexamethylene bisacetamide And amides such as malonamide, cycloserine, 4-acetamidophenol, p-acetamidobenzoic acid, and imids such as maleine imide and succinimide.
- Aranin Acid maleinamide, maleinamide (malein monoamide), succinic acid monoamide, 5—hydroxypaleramide, N—acetylethanolamine, N,
- the heterocyclic amine-containing group is introduced from a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring or a compound containing the heterocyclic ring.
- the nitrogen-containing heterocycle may have any structure that contains or generates a hydrogen-bonding amino group in the heterocycle.
- Examples of such a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring include pyrrole, histidine, imidazole, triazolidine, triazole, triazine, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, indole, and quino. Examples include phosphorus, primin, phenazine, pteridine, and melamine.
- the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring may contain another hetero atom in the ring.
- the substance may have any of the above-mentioned heterocyclic skeletons, and is not particularly limited.
- the substance may have a group capable of chemically (covalently) bonding to the main chain carbon of the elastomeric polymer.
- examples of such a group include an amino group, a hydroxyl group, a methylene group, an ethylene group, and a carboxylic acid.
- Specific examples of such a compound containing a nitrogen-containing heterocycle include dipyridyl, ethylenedipyridyl, trimethylenedipyridyl.
- 2,4-triazole 3—methylamino — 1,2,4—triazole, 3—methylol—1,2,4-triazole, 3—hydroxy-1,2, 4-h diazole, 2—hydroxy triazine, 2—amino triazine, 2—hydroxy 5—methyl triazine, 2—amino 5—methyl methyl diazine, 2—hydroxy pyrimidine Gin, 2—Amino birimidine, 2—Amino pyrazine, 2—Hydroxypyrazine
- thermoplastic elastomer used in the present invention comprises an elastomeric polymer having the above-mentioned carbonyl group-containing group and heterocyclic amine-containing group in a side chain and in one molecule.
- the carbonyl group-containing group and the heterocyclic amine-containing group are pendantly bonded to the side chain of the elastomeric polymer, and are chemically stable as described above. You are.
- the carbonyl group-containing group and the heterocyclic amine-containing group may be bonded to the polymer main chain as independent side chains, or may be bonded to the main chain via different groups.
- the carbonyl group-containing group and the heterocyclic amine-containing group may form one side chain.
- one side chain is formed by the carbonyl group-containing group and the heterocyclic amine-containing group, not only the bond with the main chain but also the side chain is formed.
- the radical-containing group and the heterocyclic amine-containing group may be bonded via any bond.
- the material constituting the elastic ring 5 of the present invention is further generally compounded for general crosslinking accelerators, various oils, anti-aging agents, fillers, plasticizers, and other general rubbers.
- Various additives can be blended, and the blending amounts of these additives can be general blending amounts as long as they do not contradict the purpose of the present invention.
- the elastic ring constituting the core for the run-flat tire is dispersed by dispersing the rubber composition (B) in the thermoplastic resin (A), preferably by dynamic vulcanization. Or a hydrogen-bonding thermoplastic elastomer having a carbonyl group-containing group and a pendant amine-containing group in the side chain, or a composition thereof. By doing so, it is possible to obtain a recyclable elastic ring having a load bearing capacity under high temperatures during runflat driving.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Tires In General (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP04730107A EP1632366A4 (en) | 2003-06-06 | 2004-04-28 | TIRE WHEEL ASSEMBLY F R RUN FLAT TIRES |
US10/523,406 US20060060282A1 (en) | 2003-06-06 | 2004-04-28 | Tire wheel assembly for run-flat tire |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003162616A JP4212418B2 (ja) | 2003-06-06 | 2003-06-06 | タイヤホイール組立体 |
JP2003-162616 | 2003-06-06 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2004108438A1 true WO2004108438A1 (ja) | 2004-12-16 |
Family
ID=33508673
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2004/006201 WO2004108438A1 (ja) | 2003-06-06 | 2004-04-28 | ランフラットタイヤ用タイヤホイール組立体 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20060060282A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1632366A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4212418B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100351107C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004108438A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1918307A3 (en) * | 2006-10-30 | 2010-01-20 | The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd. | Thermoplastic elastomer and thermoplastic elastomer composition |
JP2008254704A (ja) * | 2007-04-09 | 2008-10-23 | Bridgestone Corp | ランフラットタイヤ |
US20090069489A1 (en) * | 2007-09-12 | 2009-03-12 | Peter Vollenberg | Polycarbonate-poly(ester-ether) copolymer composition, method of manufacture, and articles therefrom |
US8415431B2 (en) | 2010-08-05 | 2013-04-09 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Thermoplastic elastomeric compositions |
CN109890902A (zh) * | 2016-10-31 | 2019-06-14 | 东丽株式会社 | 包含具有相互形成至少2个以上氢键的官能团的化合物的热塑性树脂组合物 |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH10297226A (ja) * | 1997-02-24 | 1998-11-10 | Continental Ag | 空気タイヤ付き車輪 |
JP2001519279A (ja) * | 1997-10-15 | 2001-10-23 | コンテイネンタル・アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト | 緊急走行支持体を備えた自動車車輪 |
JP2004051012A (ja) * | 2002-07-22 | 2004-02-19 | Yokohama Rubber Co Ltd:The | タイヤホイール組立体及びランフラット用支持体 |
JP2004074854A (ja) * | 2002-08-12 | 2004-03-11 | Yokohama Rubber Co Ltd:The | タイヤホイール組立体 |
JP2004098882A (ja) * | 2002-09-10 | 2004-04-02 | Yokohama Rubber Co Ltd:The | タイヤホイール組立体及びランフラット用支持体 |
JP2004106692A (ja) * | 2002-09-18 | 2004-04-08 | Yokohama Rubber Co Ltd:The | タイヤホイール組立体 |
JP2004148934A (ja) * | 2002-10-29 | 2004-05-27 | Bridgestone Corp | 支持体および空気入りランフラットタイヤ |
JP2004148933A (ja) * | 2002-10-29 | 2004-05-27 | Bridgestone Corp | 支持体の脚部および空気入りランフラットタイヤ |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4367316A (en) * | 1975-11-27 | 1983-01-04 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Vulcanized elastomeric molded article |
EP0969039B1 (en) * | 1998-01-13 | 2013-07-31 | The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd. | Thermoplastic elastomer composition, process for producing the same, and pneumatic tire and hose made with the same |
DE19825311C1 (de) * | 1998-06-05 | 2000-02-24 | Continental Ag | Fahrzeugrad mit einem Notlaufstützkörper |
-
2003
- 2003-06-06 JP JP2003162616A patent/JP4212418B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-04-28 CN CNB200480000652XA patent/CN100351107C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-04-28 WO PCT/JP2004/006201 patent/WO2004108438A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2004-04-28 EP EP04730107A patent/EP1632366A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-04-28 US US10/523,406 patent/US20060060282A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH10297226A (ja) * | 1997-02-24 | 1998-11-10 | Continental Ag | 空気タイヤ付き車輪 |
JP2001519279A (ja) * | 1997-10-15 | 2001-10-23 | コンテイネンタル・アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト | 緊急走行支持体を備えた自動車車輪 |
JP2004051012A (ja) * | 2002-07-22 | 2004-02-19 | Yokohama Rubber Co Ltd:The | タイヤホイール組立体及びランフラット用支持体 |
JP2004074854A (ja) * | 2002-08-12 | 2004-03-11 | Yokohama Rubber Co Ltd:The | タイヤホイール組立体 |
JP2004098882A (ja) * | 2002-09-10 | 2004-04-02 | Yokohama Rubber Co Ltd:The | タイヤホイール組立体及びランフラット用支持体 |
JP2004106692A (ja) * | 2002-09-18 | 2004-04-08 | Yokohama Rubber Co Ltd:The | タイヤホイール組立体 |
JP2004148934A (ja) * | 2002-10-29 | 2004-05-27 | Bridgestone Corp | 支持体および空気入りランフラットタイヤ |
JP2004148933A (ja) * | 2002-10-29 | 2004-05-27 | Bridgestone Corp | 支持体の脚部および空気入りランフラットタイヤ |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP1632366A4 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1632366A4 (en) | 2008-02-06 |
JP4212418B2 (ja) | 2009-01-21 |
EP1632366A1 (en) | 2006-03-08 |
US20060060282A1 (en) | 2006-03-23 |
CN100351107C (zh) | 2007-11-28 |
CN1697738A (zh) | 2005-11-16 |
JP2004359174A (ja) | 2004-12-24 |
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