WO2004107276A1 - Electronic access control device - Google Patents

Electronic access control device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004107276A1
WO2004107276A1 PCT/EP2004/005948 EP2004005948W WO2004107276A1 WO 2004107276 A1 WO2004107276 A1 WO 2004107276A1 EP 2004005948 W EP2004005948 W EP 2004005948W WO 2004107276 A1 WO2004107276 A1 WO 2004107276A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electronic key
motor vehicle
control device
antennas
signal
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2004/005948
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Dirk Hansen-Rüther
Bernd Steegmann
Andreas Van Den Boom
Original Assignee
Huf Hülsbeck & Fürst Gmbh & Co. Kg
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huf Hülsbeck & Fürst Gmbh & Co. Kg filed Critical Huf Hülsbeck & Fürst Gmbh & Co. Kg
Publication of WO2004107276A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004107276A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R25/00—Fittings or systems for preventing or indicating unauthorised use or theft of vehicles
    • B60R25/20—Means to switch the anti-theft system on or off
    • B60R25/24—Means to switch the anti-theft system on or off using electronic identifiers containing a code not memorised by the user
    • B60R25/245—Means to switch the anti-theft system on or off using electronic identifiers containing a code not memorised by the user where the antenna reception area plays a role
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
    • G07C9/00309—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with bidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
    • G07C2009/00753—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by active electrical keys
    • G07C2009/00769—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by active electrical keys with data transmission performed by wireless means
    • G07C2009/00793—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by active electrical keys with data transmission performed by wireless means by Hertzian waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C2209/00—Indexing scheme relating to groups G07C9/00 - G07C9/38
    • G07C2209/60—Indexing scheme relating to groups G07C9/00174 - G07C9/00944
    • G07C2209/63—Comprising locating means for detecting the position of the data carrier, i.e. within the vehicle or within a certain distance from the vehicle

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electronic access control device for a motor vehicle according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such an access control system is required in motor vehicles for so-called keyless entry systems, in which a mechanical key is no longer required and the access authorization is checked by means of electronic communication between a control unit and an electronic key.
  • Such an electronic key is often referred to as a transponder or ID transmitter.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of providing an electronic access control device and a method for access control in a motor vehicle which prevent misuse, e.g. through a radio link extension. Furthermore, the electronic access control device is intended to enable the electronic key to be located precisely.
  • the invention advantageously provides that the motor vehicle has a plurality of distributed antennas, each of which generates a magnetic field that is stationary relative to the motor vehicle.
  • the electronic key has three antennas oriented orthogonally to one another, so that with respect to each received magnetic field, a field vector signal can be generated, which detects the intensity and direction of the received magnetic fields, the vector signals being sent back to the control device.
  • the field strength vector of the magnetic field that the respective antenna emits is determined by measuring the X, Y and Z coordinates of the received signal in the electronic key.
  • the field strength vectors for the antennas will differ.
  • the field strength vectors determined taking into account the tolerance of the transmission signal of the vehicle antennas and the measurement tolerance of the electronic key, will not differ but will be the same or at least similar.
  • a radio link extension can thus be recognized with the aid of the vehicle-side antennas, two antennae on the vehicle already being sufficient for this.
  • the control device can then locate the position of the electronic key from the received field vector signals of the antennas of the electronic key, which indicate the intensity and direction of the received magnetic fields.
  • the control unit can, for example, upon detection of an approach of a person to the handle of a vehicle door or flap, to the vehicle mirror, or to the vehicle door or flap, when the handle of the door or flap is actuated, when a vehicle brake and / or a starting device of the motor vehicle is actuated Start communication with the electronic key polling cycle.
  • the query signal of the antennas arranged on the motor vehicle to the electronic key is an LF signal and the response signal of the electronic key to the control device is an HF or an LF signal.
  • LF signals with a frequency of 120 to 140 kHz, preferably 125 kHz, are tap-proof.
  • the response signal of the electronic key to the control unit can be an RF signal, for example 400 MHz, or an LF signal. Radio waves or ultrasound waves can be used for the response signal.
  • the location of the electronic key can be located in such a way that, if the electronic key is located in a magnetic field sent by the motor vehicle, each antenna of the electronic key supplies measured values from which a field vector signal can be generated, which indicates the intensity and direction of the magnetic field , All antennas in the interior reach the electronic key.
  • the magnetic fields transmitted by the antennas of the motor vehicle are activated one after the other, so that the field vector signals from the electronic key are successively sent back to the control unit, which enables the exact location of the electronic key.
  • Setpoints of the field vector signals for defined positions of the electronic key that are independent of the orientation of the electronic key can be stored in a map in the control unit. This is useful, for example, if the magnetic fields generated by the antennas of the motor vehicle do not correspond to an ideal magnetic field. In this way, errors due to field line shifts can be compensated for.
  • the interior of the motor vehicle, but also the closer surroundings of the motor vehicle can be subdivided into cubes in which the field vector signals of the electronic key are measured and then stored in the map assigned to the cubes.
  • the antennas of the motor vehicle are preferably arranged in the B and / or C pillars of the motor vehicle. At these points, the generation of magnetic fields that are stationary relative to the motor vehicle is ensured. Accordingly, two to four vehicle antennas can be provided.
  • the single figure shows a motor vehicle 1 with an electronic access control device.
  • the electronic access control device has an electronic key 2 with at least one transmitting and receiving device that can receive and send LF signals.
  • the transmitting and receiving device can also receive and transmit RF signals.
  • LF signals are required for a polling cycle of bidirectional communication.
  • the motor vehicle 1 has vehicle doors 4, 6 which can be opened for the access of a person and at least one vehicle flap, e.g. a trunk lid 8 or a tailgate ..
  • the doors 4, 6 and 8 of the motor vehicle 1 are provided with a lock 10 and a handle 12.
  • the door handles or handles for flaps can be provided with a capacitive sensor, as described for example in DE 196 17 038, so that an approach to the door handle 12 can already be detected.
  • proximity sensors can also be arranged in the vehicle mirrors 9 or on the flaps 8 or in other places on the motor vehicle. If an approach of a person is detected by such a proximity sensor or the handle of a door or a flap is actuated, the communication between the control device 14 and the electronic key 2 starts with an interrogation cycle. Alternatively or additionally the actuation of a vehicle brake and / or a starting device of the motor vehicle 1 can also be detected.
  • the electronic key 2 After the start of the interrogation cycle, the electronic key 2 sends a response signal, the lock 14 unlocking a lock 10 provided on the doors 4, 6 or flaps 8 by the control unit 14 if the response signals of the electronic key sent match the identification data stored in the control unit 14 ,
  • antennas 18, 20, 22 are prompted by the control device 14 in succession on the basis of a start signal 31 to transmit an LF signal with, for example, 125 kHz.
  • the control unit 14 successively starts the transmission of LF signals 32 via the antennas 18, 20, 22 to the electronic key 2, which responds to the control unit 14 with an HF or LF signal 34.
  • the start signal 31 of the control device 14 is shown in the single figure only in relation to the antenna 20, but is sent successively to all antennas 18, 20, 22.
  • the electronic key 2 successively receives the magnetic fields of the preferably three antennas 18, 20, 22 with the aid of three antennas 26, 28, 30 oriented orthogonally to one another.
  • the antennas 26, 28, 30 thus receive the magnetic field in all three spatial axes, as a result of which a field vector signals, which indicate the direction and intensity of the magnetic field, can be formed and sent to the control device 14.
  • the three antennas 26, 28, 30 of the electronic key 2 measure the intensity and direction of the magnetic field received in each case and send corresponding field vector signals to the control device 14 via an HF or LF signal.
  • the position can be determined based on the three field vector signals relating to the respective magnetic fields of the electronic key 2 exactly determine, it can also be determined whether the electronic key 2 is in the trunk of the motor vehicle 1 or outside. From the temporally offset measurement of coil fields (field angle, field amounts) in the electronic key 2, several characteristic variables can be determined, which are independent of the spatial orientation of the electronic key 2, but depending on the location.
  • the method for determining the location is based on the utilization of the location-dependent structure of magnetic coil fields. For this purpose, at least three antennas 18, 20, 22 (coils) are activated one after the other, which consequently emit a field one after the other, possibly with an individual identifier.
  • the field vectors measured by the electronic key 2 are location-dependent and can therefore be used to determine the location. Three angle differences and three vector amounts or two amount ratios are thus available to determine the location (x, y, z). Since the electronic key 2 may be rotated arbitrarily during its measurement, a mathematical method or filter must be used which maps the rotation-dependent measurement values to rotation-independent quantities. Field vector amounts and angle differences between two field vectors are used for this.
  • two antennas can be arranged in the roof pillars 38, which are referred to as B-pillars, and two antennas in the roof pillars 40, which are referred to as C-pillars, a maximum of two antennas transmitting their magnetic field inwards into the interior 5.
  • the other two antennas are directed outwards.
  • a radio link extension can be determined because the field strength vectors determined do not differ and are therefore the same or at least hardly different.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an electronic access control device for a vehicle (1) comprising an electronic key (2) provided with at least one transmitting and receiving system, at least one door (4, 6) or hatch (8) of the vehicle which can be open for access of one person and provided with a lock (10), and a control unit (14) which is arranged in the vehicle compartment (5) and communicates with the electronic key (2). Unlocking of at least one lock (10) is carried out by said control unit (14) when response signals transmitted by the electronic key (2) correspond to identification data recorded in the control unit (14). According to said invention, the vehicle (1) is provided with several antennas (18, 20, 22) which are mounted in a distributed manner and produce a magnetic field fixed with respect to the vehicle (1). The electronic key is provided with three antennas (26, 28, 30) orthogonally oriented with respect to each other in such a way that said electronic key (2) makes it possible to re-transmit the intensity and direction of magnetic fields picked up by the control unit (14). Said control unit (14) detects the vector signals of the field of the antennas (26, 28, 30) of the electronic key (2) displaying the intensity and direction of each picked up magnetic field.

Description

Elektronische Zuqangskontrollvorrichtung Electronic access control device
Die Erfindung betrifft eine elektronische Zugangskontrollvorrichtung für ein Kraftfahrzeug nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to an electronic access control device for a motor vehicle according to the preamble of claim 1.
Ein derartiges Zugangskontrollsystem wird bei Kraftfahrzeugen bei sogenannten schlüssellosen Zugangssystemen (keyless entry Systems) benötigt, bei dem kein mechanischer Schlüssel mehr erforderlich ist und die Zugangsberechtigung mittels einer elektronischen Kommunikation zwischen einem Steuergerät und einem elektronischen Schlüssel geprüft wird.Such an access control system is required in motor vehicles for so-called keyless entry systems, in which a mechanical key is no longer required and the access authorization is checked by means of electronic communication between a control unit and an electronic key.
Ein solcher elektronischer Schlüssel wird häufig auch als Transponder oder ID- Geber bezeichnet.Such an electronic key is often referred to as a transponder or ID transmitter.
Bei derartigen Schließsystemen (DE 196 17 038 AI) ist es bekannt, einer Person einen Zugang zu einem Fahrzeug nach einer Datenabfrage eines elektronischen Schlüssels als Datenträger zu gestatten. Die Datenabfrage kann beispielsweise durch eine Schalteinrichtung am Türgriff oder im Bereich eines Türgriffs ausgelöst werden. Hat eine Person die Datenabfrage des elektronischen Schlüssels durch ein Steuergerät ausgelöst, beginnt das Steuergerät mit einer Sende- /Empfangseinrichtung den Abfragezyklus im Rahmen einer bidirektionalen Kom- munikation zwischen dem Steuergerät und dem elektronischen Schlüssel.' Der elektronische Schlüssel empfängt den Befehl zur Datenabfrage im Abfragezyklus und eine Sende- und Empfangseinrichtung in dem elektronischen Schüssel ü- bermittelt die angeforderten Daten als Antwortsignal an das Steuergerät. Eine Schlossentriegelung mindestens eines Türschlosses erfolgt durch das Steuergerät, wenn die gesendeten Antwortsignale des elektronischen Schlüssels mit in dem Steuergerät gespeicherten Identifikationsdaten übereinstimmen.In such locking systems (DE 196 17 038 AI), it is known to allow a person access to a vehicle after a data query of an electronic key as a data carrier. The data query can be triggered, for example, by a switching device on the door handle or in the area of a door handle. If a person has triggered the data query of the electronic key by a control unit, the control unit starts the query cycle with a transmitting / receiving device as part of a bidirectional communication. communication between the control unit and the electronic key. ' The electronic key receives the command for querying data in the polling cycle, and a transmitting and receiving device in the electronic key transmits the requested data as a response signal to the control unit. At least one door lock is unlocked by the control unit if the response signals sent by the electronic key match the identification data stored in the control unit.
Dabei ist es aus dem obigen Stand der Technik auch bekannt, den Türgriff mit einem Näherungssensor zu versehen, so dass die bidirektionale Kommunikation bereits bei Annäherung der Hand einer Person an einen Türgriff ausgelöst wird.It is also known from the above prior art to provide the door handle with a proximity sensor so that the bidirectional communication is triggered when a person's hand approaches a door handle.
Bei derartigen elektronischen Zugangskontrollvorrichtungen ist es von Bedeutung, die Position des elektronischen Schlüssels zu orten, da beispielsweise eine Wegfahrsperre nur dann entschärft werden soll und weitere Fahrzeugfunktionen nur dann freigegeben werden sollen, wenn sich der elektronische Schlüssel im Fahrzeug befindet.With such electronic access control devices, it is important to locate the position of the electronic key, since, for example, an immobilizer should only be deactivated and other vehicle functions should only be released when the electronic key is in the vehicle.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine elektronische Zugangskontrollvorrichtung sowie ein Verfahren zur Zugangskontrolle bei einem Kraftfahrzeug zu schaffen, die einen Missbrauch, z.B. durch eine Funkstreckenverlängerung, verhindern sollen. Desweiteren soll die elektronische Zugangskontrollvorrichtung eine genaue Ortung des elektronischen Schlüssels ermöglichen.The invention is therefore based on the object of providing an electronic access control device and a method for access control in a motor vehicle which prevent misuse, e.g. through a radio link extension. Furthermore, the electronic access control device is intended to enable the electronic key to be located precisely.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe dienen die Merkmale der Ansprüche 1 bzw. 9.The features of claims 1 and 9 serve to achieve this object.
Die Erfindung sieht in vorteilhafter Weise vor, dass das Kraftfahrzeug mehrere verteilt angeordnete Antennen aufweist, die jeweils ein relativ zu dem Kraftfahrzeug ortsfestes Magnetfeld erzeugen. Der elektronische Schlüssel weist drei orthogonal zueinander ausgerichtete Antennen auf, so dass in bezug auf jedes empfangene Magnetfeld ein Feldvektorsignal erzeugt werden kann, das die Intensität und Richtung der empfangenen Magnetfelder erfasst, wobei die Vektorsignale an das Steuergerät zurückgesendet werden.The invention advantageously provides that the motor vehicle has a plurality of distributed antennas, each of which generates a magnetic field that is stationary relative to the motor vehicle. The electronic key has three antennas oriented orthogonally to one another, so that with respect to each received magnetic field, a field vector signal can be generated, which detects the intensity and direction of the received magnetic fields, the vector signals being sent back to the control device.
Für jede der fahrzeugseitigen Antennen wird der Feldstärke-Vektor des magnetischen Feldes, das die jeweilige Antenne aussendet, ermittelt, indem die X-, Y- und Z-Koordinate des Empfangssignals im elektronischen Schlüssel gemessen wird.For each of the vehicle antennas, the field strength vector of the magnetic field that the respective antenna emits is determined by measuring the X, Y and Z coordinates of the received signal in the electronic key.
Da sich die fahrzeugseitigen Antennen an verschiedenen Orten befinden und der Ort des elektronischen Schlüssels gleich bleibt, werden sich die Feldstärken- Vektoren für die Antennen unterscheiden.Since the antennas on the vehicle are at different locations and the location of the electronic key remains the same, the field strength vectors for the antennas will differ.
Bei einer Funkstreckenverlängerung werden die ermittelten Feldstärke-Vektoren unter Berücksichtigung der Toleranz des Sendesignals der fahrzeugseitigen Antennen sowie der Messtoleranz des elektronischen Schlüssels sich nicht unterscheiden sondern gleich bzw. zumindest ähnlich sein. Damit kann eine Funkstreckenverlängerung mit Hilfe der fahrzeugseitigen Antennen erkannt werden, wobei hierzu bereits zwei fahrzeugsseitige Antennen genügen.In the case of a radio link extension, the field strength vectors determined, taking into account the tolerance of the transmission signal of the vehicle antennas and the measurement tolerance of the electronic key, will not differ but will be the same or at least similar. A radio link extension can thus be recognized with the aid of the vehicle-side antennas, two antennae on the vehicle already being sufficient for this.
Das Steuergerät kann dann aus den erhaltenen Feldvektorsignalen der Antennen des elektronischen Schlüssels, die die Intensität und Richtung der empfangenen Magnetfelder anzeigen, die Position des elektronischen Schlüssels orten.The control device can then locate the position of the electronic key from the received field vector signals of the antennas of the electronic key, which indicate the intensity and direction of the received magnetic fields.
Das Steuergerät kann beispielsweise bei Detektion einer Annäherung einer Person an den Griff einer Fahrzeugtür oder Fahrzeugklappe, an die Fahrzeugspiegel, oder an die Fahrzeugtür oder Fahrzeugklappe, bei Betätigung des Griffs der Tür oder Klappe, bei Betätigung einer Fahrzeugbremse und/oder einer Starteinrichtung des Kraftfahrzeuges die Kommunikation mit dem Abfragezyklus für den elektronischen Schlüssel starten. Das Abfragesignal der am Kraftfahrzeug angeordneten Antennen an den elektronischen Schlüssel ist ein LF-Signal und das Antwortsignal des elektronischen Schlüssels an das Steuergerät ist ein HF- oder ein LF-Signal. LF-Signale mit einer Frequenz von 120 bis 140 kHz, vorzugsweise 125 kHz, sind abhörsicher. Das Antwortsignal des elektronischen Schlüssels an das Steuergerät kann ein HF- Signal, z.B. 400 MHz, oder eine LF-Signal sein. Für das Antwortsignal können Funkwellen oder Ultraschallwellen verwendet werden.The control unit can, for example, upon detection of an approach of a person to the handle of a vehicle door or flap, to the vehicle mirror, or to the vehicle door or flap, when the handle of the door or flap is actuated, when a vehicle brake and / or a starting device of the motor vehicle is actuated Start communication with the electronic key polling cycle. The query signal of the antennas arranged on the motor vehicle to the electronic key is an LF signal and the response signal of the electronic key to the control device is an HF or an LF signal. LF signals with a frequency of 120 to 140 kHz, preferably 125 kHz, are tap-proof. The response signal of the electronic key to the control unit can be an RF signal, for example 400 MHz, or an LF signal. Radio waves or ultrasound waves can be used for the response signal.
Die Ortung der Position des elektronischen Schlüssels wird dadurch ermöglicht, dass, wenn der elektronische Schlüssel sich in einem von dem Kraftfahrzeug gesendeten Magnetfeld liegt, jede Antenne des elektronischen Schlüssels Messwerte liefert, aus denen ein Feldvektorsignal gebildet werden kann, das Intensität und Richtung des Magnetfeldes angibt. Im Innenraum erreichen alle Antennen den elektronischen Schlüssel. Die von den Antennen des Kraftfahrzeuges gesendeten Magnetfelder werden nacheinander aktiviert, so dass nacheinander die Feldvektorsignale von dem elektronischen Schlüssel an das Steuergerät zurückgesendet werden, mit denen die exakte Ortung des elektronischen Schlüssels ermöglicht wird.The location of the electronic key can be located in such a way that, if the electronic key is located in a magnetic field sent by the motor vehicle, each antenna of the electronic key supplies measured values from which a field vector signal can be generated, which indicates the intensity and direction of the magnetic field , All antennas in the interior reach the electronic key. The magnetic fields transmitted by the antennas of the motor vehicle are activated one after the other, so that the field vector signals from the electronic key are successively sent back to the control unit, which enables the exact location of the electronic key.
Von der Orientierung des elektronischen Schlüssels unabhängige Sollwerte der Feldvektorsignale für definierte Positionen des elektronischen Schlüssels können in einem Kennfeld in dem Steuergerät gespeichert sein. Dies ist beispielsweise dann sinnvoll, wenn die von den Antennen des Kraftfahrzeuges erzeugten Magnetfelder nicht einem idealen Magnetfeld entsprechen. Auf diese Weise können Fehler aufgrund von Feldlinienverschiebungen ausgeglichen werden. Beispielsweise kann der Innenraum des Kraftfahrzeuges, aber auch das nähere Umfeld des Kraftfahrzeuges, in Kuben unterteilt sein, in denen die Feldvektorsignale des elektronischen Schlüssels gemessen werden und anschließend in dem Kennfeld den Kuben zugeordnet gespeichert werden. Die Antennen des Kraftfahrzeuges sind vorzugsweise in den B- und/oder C- Säulen des Kraftfahrzeuges angeordnet. An diesen Stellen ist die Erzeugung von relativ zu dem Kraftfahrzeug ortsfesten Magnetfeldern sichergestellt. Es können demzufolge zwei bis vier Fahrzeugantennen vorgesehen sein.Setpoints of the field vector signals for defined positions of the electronic key that are independent of the orientation of the electronic key can be stored in a map in the control unit. This is useful, for example, if the magnetic fields generated by the antennas of the motor vehicle do not correspond to an ideal magnetic field. In this way, errors due to field line shifts can be compensated for. For example, the interior of the motor vehicle, but also the closer surroundings of the motor vehicle, can be subdivided into cubes in which the field vector signals of the electronic key are measured and then stored in the map assigned to the cubes. The antennas of the motor vehicle are preferably arranged in the B and / or C pillars of the motor vehicle. At these points, the generation of magnetic fields that are stationary relative to the motor vehicle is ensured. Accordingly, two to four vehicle antennas can be provided.
Im folgenden wird unter Bezugnahme auf die einzige Zeichnung ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung näher erläutert.In the following an embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the single drawing.
Die einzige Figur zeigt ein Kraftfahrzeug 1 mit einer elektronischen Zugangskon- trόilvorrichtung. Die elektronische Zugangskontrollvorrichtung weist einen elektronischen Schlüssel 2 mit mindestens einer Sende- und Empfangseinrichtung auf, die LF-Signale empfangen und senden kann. Die Sende- und Empfangseinrichtung kann auch zusätzlich HF-Signale empfangen und senden. LF-Signale werden für einen Abfragezyklus der bidirektionalen Kommunikation benötigt.The single figure shows a motor vehicle 1 with an electronic access control device. The electronic access control device has an electronic key 2 with at least one transmitting and receiving device that can receive and send LF signals. The transmitting and receiving device can also receive and transmit RF signals. LF signals are required for a polling cycle of bidirectional communication.
Das Kraftfahrzeug 1 weist für den Zugang einer Person zu öffnende Fahrzeugtüren 4,6 auf sowie mindestens eine Fahrzeugklappe, z.B. einen Kofferraumdeckel 8 oder eine Heckklappe.. Die Türen 4,6 und Klappen 8 des Kraftfahrzeugs 1 sind mit einem Schloss 10 und einem Griff 12 versehen.The motor vehicle 1 has vehicle doors 4, 6 which can be opened for the access of a person and at least one vehicle flap, e.g. a trunk lid 8 or a tailgate .. The doors 4, 6 and 8 of the motor vehicle 1 are provided with a lock 10 and a handle 12.
Die Türgriffe oder Griffe für Klappen können wie beispielsweise in der DE 196 17 038 beschrieben mit einem kapazitiven Sensor versehen sein, so dass bereits eine Annäherung an den Türgriff 12 detektiert werden kann.The door handles or handles for flaps can be provided with a capacitive sensor, as described for example in DE 196 17 038, so that an approach to the door handle 12 can already be detected.
Es versteht sich, dass derartige Näherungssensoren auch in den Fahrzeugspiegeln 9 oder an den Klappen 8 oder an sonstigen Stellen des Kraftfahrzeugs angeordnet sein können. Wird eine Annäherung einer Person von einem derartigen Näherungssensor festgestellt oder wird der Griff einer Tür oder einer Klappe betätigt, startet die Kommunikation zwischen dem Steuergerät 14 und dem elektronischen Schlüssel 2 mit einem Abfragezyklus. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann auch die Betätigung einer Fahrzeugbremse und/oder einer Starteinrichtung des Kraftfahrzeuges 1 detektiert werden.It goes without saying that such proximity sensors can also be arranged in the vehicle mirrors 9 or on the flaps 8 or in other places on the motor vehicle. If an approach of a person is detected by such a proximity sensor or the handle of a door or a flap is actuated, the communication between the control device 14 and the electronic key 2 starts with an interrogation cycle. Alternatively or additionally the actuation of a vehicle brake and / or a starting device of the motor vehicle 1 can also be detected.
Nach dem Start des Abfragezyklus sendet der elektronische Schlüssel 2 ein Antwortsignal, wobei eine Schlossentriegelung eines an den Türen 4,6 oder Klappen 8 vorgesehenen Schlosses 10 durch das Steuergerät 14 erfolgt, wenn die gesendeten Antwortsignale des elektronischen Schlüssels mit in dem Steuergerät 14 gespeicherten Identifikationsdaten übereinstimmen.After the start of the interrogation cycle, the electronic key 2 sends a response signal, the lock 14 unlocking a lock 10 provided on the doors 4, 6 or flaps 8 by the control unit 14 if the response signals of the electronic key sent match the identification data stored in the control unit 14 ,
In der einzigen Figur sind am Kraftfahrzeug 1 im hinteren Bereich, z.B. unter der Hutablage sowie in den als B-Säulen bezeichneten Dachholmen Antennen 18,20,22 angeordnet, die jeweils ein relativ zu dem Kraftfahrzeug 1 ortsfestes Magnetfeld zu Beginn der bidirektionalen Kommunikation zwischen dem Steuergerät 14 und dem elektronischen Schlüssel 2 erzeugen. Hierzu werden die Antennen 18,20,22 von dem Steuergerät 14 aufgrund eines Startsignals 31 nacheinander dazu veranlasst, ein LF-Signal mit beispielsweise 125 kHz zu senden.In the single figure, on the motor vehicle 1 in the rear area, e.g. Arranged under the parcel shelf and in the roof pillars referred to as B-pillars are antennas 18, 20, 22, each of which generates a magnetic field that is stationary relative to the motor vehicle 1 at the start of the bidirectional communication between the control device 14 and the electronic key 2. For this purpose, the antennas 18, 20, 22 are prompted by the control device 14 in succession on the basis of a start signal 31 to transmit an LF signal with, for example, 125 kHz.
Das Steuergerät 14 startet nacheinander die Sendung von LF-Signalen 32 über die Antennen 18,20,22 an den elektronischen Schlüssel 2, der mit einem HF- oder LF-Signal 34 an das Steuergerät 14 antwortet.The control unit 14 successively starts the transmission of LF signals 32 via the antennas 18, 20, 22 to the electronic key 2, which responds to the control unit 14 with an HF or LF signal 34.
Das Startsignal 31 des Steuergerätes 14 ist in der einzigen Figur nur in bezug auf die Antenne 20 eingezeichnet, wird aber nacheinander an alle Antennen 18,20,22 gesendet.The start signal 31 of the control device 14 is shown in the single figure only in relation to the antenna 20, but is sent successively to all antennas 18, 20, 22.
Der elektronische Schlüssel 2 empfängt nacheinander die Magnetfelder der vorzugsweise drei Antennen 18,20,22 mit Hilfe von drei orthogonal zueinander ausgerichteten Antennen 26,28,30. Die Antennen 26,28,30 empfangen somit das Magnetfeld in allen drei Raumachsen, wodurch ein Feldvektorsignale, die Richtung und Intensität des Magnetfeldes angeben, gebildet und an das Steuergerät 14 gesendet werden können. Die drei Antennen 26,28,30 des elektronischen Schlüssels 2 messen Intensität und Richtung des jeweils empfangenen Magnetfeldes und senden entsprechende Feldvektorsignale über ein HF- oder LF-Signal an das Steuergerät 14. Aufgrund der drei auf die jeweiligen Magnetfelder bezogenen Feldvektorsignale lässt sich die Position des elektronischen Schlüssels 2 exakt bestimmen, wobei sich auch feststellen lässt, ob sich der elektronische Schlüssel 2 im Kofferraum des Kraftfahrzeugs 1 oder außerhalb befindet. Aus der zeitlich versetzten Messung von Spulenfeldern (Feldwin-kel, Feldbeträge), im elektronischen Schlüssel 2 lassen sich mehrere charakteristische Größen ermitteln, die unabhängig von der räumlichen Orientierung des elektronischen Schlüssels 2 sind, jedoch abhängig vom Ort.The electronic key 2 successively receives the magnetic fields of the preferably three antennas 18, 20, 22 with the aid of three antennas 26, 28, 30 oriented orthogonally to one another. The antennas 26, 28, 30 thus receive the magnetic field in all three spatial axes, as a result of which a field vector signals, which indicate the direction and intensity of the magnetic field, can be formed and sent to the control device 14. The three antennas 26, 28, 30 of the electronic key 2 measure the intensity and direction of the magnetic field received in each case and send corresponding field vector signals to the control device 14 via an HF or LF signal. The position can be determined based on the three field vector signals relating to the respective magnetic fields of the electronic key 2 exactly determine, it can also be determined whether the electronic key 2 is in the trunk of the motor vehicle 1 or outside. From the temporally offset measurement of coil fields (field angle, field amounts) in the electronic key 2, several characteristic variables can be determined, which are independent of the spatial orientation of the electronic key 2, but depending on the location.
Das Verfahren zur Ortsbestimmung basiert auf der Ausnutzung der ortsabhängigen Struktur magnetischer Spulenfelder. Zu diesem Zweck werden mindestens drei Antennen 18,20,22 (Spulen) nacheinander angesteuert, welche folglich nacheinander ein Feld, eventuell mit individueller Kennung, abstrahlen. Die vom elektronischen Schlüssel 2 gemessenen Feldvektoren sind ortsabhängig und können daher zur Ortsbestimmung genutzt werden. Damit stehen drei Winkeldifferenzen und drei Vektorbeträge bzw. zwei Betragsverhältnisse zur Verfügung, um den Ort (x,y,z) zu bestimmen. Da der elektronische Schlüssel 2 während seiner Messung beliebig gedreht sein darf, muss ein mathematisches Verfahren bzw. Filter verwendet werden, welches die drehungsabhängigen Messwerte auf drehungsunabhängige Größen abbildet. Hierzu werden Feldvektorbeträge und Winkeldifferenzen zwischen jeweils zwei Feldvektoren genutzt.The method for determining the location is based on the utilization of the location-dependent structure of magnetic coil fields. For this purpose, at least three antennas 18, 20, 22 (coils) are activated one after the other, which consequently emit a field one after the other, possibly with an individual identifier. The field vectors measured by the electronic key 2 are location-dependent and can therefore be used to determine the location. Three angle differences and three vector amounts or two amount ratios are thus available to determine the location (x, y, z). Since the electronic key 2 may be rotated arbitrarily during its measurement, a mathematical method or filter must be used which maps the rotation-dependent measurement values to rotation-independent quantities. Field vector amounts and angle differences between two field vectors are used for this.
Es können auch jeweils zwei Antennen in den als B-Säulen bezeichneten Dachholmen 38 und zwei Antennen in den als C-Säulen bezeichneten Dachholmen 40 angeordnet sein, wobei maximal zwei Antennen ihr Magnetfeld nach innen in den Innenraum 5 aussenden. Die weiteren beiden Antennen sind nach außen gerichtet. Auch im Fall von nur zwei fahrzeugseitigen Antennen kann eine Funkstreckenverlängerung festgestellt werden, weil die ermittelten Feldstärke-Vektoren sich nicht unterscheiden und daher gleich oder zumindest kaum unterschiedlich sind.It is also possible for two antennas to be arranged in the roof pillars 38, which are referred to as B-pillars, and two antennas in the roof pillars 40, which are referred to as C-pillars, a maximum of two antennas transmitting their magnetic field inwards into the interior 5. The other two antennas are directed outwards. Even in the case of only two antennas on the vehicle, a radio link extension can be determined because the field strength vectors determined do not differ and are therefore the same or at least hardly different.
Als Zusatzfunktion kann vorgesehen sein, dass nur die Tür 4,6 in der Nähe des elektronischen Schlüssels 2 geöffnet wird. As an additional function it can be provided that only the door 4, 6 in the vicinity of the electronic key 2 is opened.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Elektronische Zugangskontrollvorrichtung für ein Kraftfahrzeug (1), mit1. Electronic access control device for a motor vehicle (1), with
einem elektronischen Schlüssel (2) mit mindestens einer Sende- und Empfangseinrichtung,an electronic key (2) with at least one transmitting and receiving device,
mindestens einer für den Zugang einer Person zu öffnenden Tür (4,6) oder Klappe (8) des Kraftfahrzeuges mit einem Schloss (10), undat least one door (4, 6) or flap (8) of the motor vehicle with a lock (10) to be opened for the access of a person, and
- einem in dem Innenraum (5) des Kraftfahrzeuges (1) angeordneten Steuergerät (14), das eine Kommunikation mit dem elektronischen Schlüssel (2) durchführt,a control device (14) which is arranged in the interior (5) of the motor vehicle (1) and which carries out communication with the electronic key (2),
- wobei eine Schlossentriegelung des mindestens einen Schlosses (10) durch das Steuergerät (14) erfolgt, wenn die gesendeten Antwortsignale des elektronischen Schlüssels (2) mit in dem Steuergerät (14) gespeicherten Identifikationsdaten übereinstimmen,- The at least one lock (10) is unlocked by the control device (14) when the transmitted response signals of the electronic key (2) match the identification data stored in the control device (14),
d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t,characterized,
- dass das Kraftfahrzeug (1) mehrere verteilt angeordnete Antennen (18,20,22) aufweist, die jeweils ein relativ zu dem Kraftfahrzeug (1) ortsfestes Magnetfeld erzeugen,that the motor vehicle (1) has a plurality of antennas (18, 20, 22) which are arranged in a distributed manner and which each generate a magnetic field which is stationary relative to the motor vehicle (1),
- dass der elektronische Schlüssel (2) drei orthogonal zueinander ausgerichtete Antennen (26,28,30) aufweist, so dass der elektronische Schlüssel (2) Intensität und Richtung der empfangenen Magnetfelder an das Steuergerät (14) zurücksenden kann, und - dass das Steuergerät (14) aus den erhaltenen Feldvektorsignalen der Antennen (26,28,30) des elektronischen Schlüssels (2), die die Intensität und Richtung jedes empfangenen Magnetfeldes anzeigen, die Position des elektronischen Schlüssels ortet.- That the electronic key (2) has three orthogonally aligned antennas (26, 28, 30) so that the electronic key (2) can send intensity and direction of the received magnetic fields back to the control device (14), and - That the control device (14) locates the position of the electronic key from the received field vector signals of the antennas (26, 28, 30) of the electronic key (2), which indicate the intensity and direction of each received magnetic field.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Steuergerät (14) bei Annäherung einer Person an das Kraftfahrzeug (1) oder einem Teil des Kraftfahrzeuges (1) oder bei Betätigung eines Teils des Kraftfahrzeuges (1) die Kommunikation mit einem Abfragezyklus für den elektronischen Schlüssel (2) startet.2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the control device (14) when a person approaches the motor vehicle (1) or a part of the motor vehicle (1) or when actuating a part of the motor vehicle (1) the communication with a query cycle for the electronic key (2) starts.
3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Abfragesignal (32) der am Kraftfahrzeug (1) angeordneten Antennen (18,20,22) im Abfragezyklus der Kommunikation ein LF-Signal ist und das Antwortsignal (34) des elektronischen Schlüssels (2) an das Steuergerät (14) ein HF- oder LF-Signal ist.3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the interrogation signal (32) of the antennas (18, 20, 22) arranged on the motor vehicle (1) is an LF signal in the interrogation cycle of the communication and the response signal (34) of the electronic one Key (2) to the control unit (14) is an RF or LF signal.
4. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Steuergerät (14) aus den von dem elektronischen Schlüssel (2) gesendeten Feldvektorsignalen in Relation zu den mindestens drei Magnetfeldern die Position des elektronischen Schlüssels (2) bestimmt.4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the control device (14) determines the position of the electronic key (2) from the field vector signals sent by the electronic key (2) in relation to the at least three magnetic fields.
5. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass von der Orientierung des elektrischen Schlüssels (2) unabhängige Sollwerte der Feldvektorsignale für unterschiedliche Positionen des elektronischen Schlüssels (2) relativ zu dem Kraftfahrzeug (1) in einem Kennfeld (15) in dem Steuergerät (14) gespeichert sind.5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that of the orientation of the electric key (2) independent setpoints of the field vector signals for different positions of the electronic key (2) relative to the motor vehicle (1) in a map (15) are stored in the control unit (14).
6. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Antennen (18,20,22) des Kraftfahrzeuges in den hinteren und/oder mittleren Dachholmen (38,40) des Kraftfahrzeuges (1) angeordnet sind.6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the antennas (18, 20, 22) of the motor vehicle in the rear and / or middle roof spars (38, 40) of the motor vehicle (1) are arranged.
7. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Steuergerät (14) in dem Abfragezyklus jedes Magnetfeldes nacheinander aktiviert und die Feldvektorsignale des elektronischen Schlüssels (2) für jedes Magnetfeld nacheinander abfragt.7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the control device (14) activates one after the other in the polling cycle of each magnetic field and polls the field vector signals of the electronic key (2) for each magnetic field one after the other.
8. Kraftfahrzeug mit einer elektronischen Zugangskontrollvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7.8. Motor vehicle with an electronic access control device according to one of claims 1 to 7.
9. Verfahren zur Zugangskontrolle bei einem Kraftfahrzeug (1), bei dem9. Access control method for a motor vehicle (1), in which
für den Zugang einer Person ein in dem Innenraum (5) des Kraftfahrzeuges angeordnetes Steuergerät (14) eine codierte bidirektionale Kommunikation mit einem elektronischen Schlüssel (2) beginnt,For the access of a person, a control device (14) arranged in the interior (5) of the motor vehicle starts coded bidirectional communication with an electronic key (2),
- wobei eine Schlossentriegelung eines Schlosses (10) des Kraftfahrzeuges (1) durch das Steuergerät (14) erfolgt, wenn in einem Abfragezyklus der Kommunikation die gesendeten Antwortsignale (34) des elektronischen Schlüssels (2) mit in dem Steuergerät (14) gespeicherten Identifikationsdaten übereinstimmen,- A lock unlocking of a lock (10) of the motor vehicle (1) by the control device (14) takes place when the transmitted response signals (34) of the electronic key (2) match the identification data stored in the control device (14) in a polling cycle of the communication .
d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t,characterized,
- dass im Kraftfahrzeug (1) mehrere relativ zum Kraftfahrzeug (1) ortsfeste Magnetfelder erzeugt werden,- that in the motor vehicle (1) several stationary magnetic fields are generated relative to the motor vehicle (1),
- wobei in dem elektronischen Schlüssel (2) von drei orthogonal zueinander ausgerichtete Antennen (26,28,30) jeweils Feldvektorsignale in Be- zug auf alle Magnetfelder erzeugt werden und an das Steuergerät (14) zurückgesendet werden, und - wobei von dem Steuergerät (14) aus den erhaltenen Feldvektoren aller Antennen (26,28,30) des elektronischen Schlüssels (2), die die Intensität und. Richtung jedes empfangenen Magnetfeldes anzeigen, die Position des elektronischen Schlüssels (2) bestimmt wird.- In the electronic key (2) of three orthogonally aligned antennas (26, 28, 30) field vector signals in each case train are generated on all magnetic fields and sent back to the control unit (14), and - being from the control unit (14) from the received field vectors of all antennas (26, 28, 30) of the electronic key (2), the intensity and. Show direction of each received magnetic field, the position of the electronic key (2) is determined.
10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei Detektion der Annäherung einer Person an das Fahrzeug (1) oder einem Teil des Kraftfahrzeuges (1) oder bei Betätigung eines Teils des Kraftfahrzeuges (1) die Kommunikation mit einem Abfragezyklus für den elektronischen Schlüssel (2) gestartet wird.10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that upon detection of the approach of a person to the vehicle (1) or part of the motor vehicle (1) or when actuating a part of the motor vehicle (1) the communication with a query cycle for the electronic key (2) is started.
11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für den Abfragezyklus der Kommunikation ein LF-Signal als Abfragesignal (32) an den elektronischen Schlüssel (2) und ein HF-Signal oder ein LF-Signal als Antwortsignal (34) verwendet wird.11. The method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that for the interrogation cycle of the communication an LF signal as an interrogation signal (32) to the electronic key (2) and an RF signal or an LF signal as an answer signal (34) is used becomes.
12. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass aus den von dem elektronischen Schlüssel (2) gemessen Feldvektoren in bezug auf die mindestens drei Magnetfelder die Position des elektronischen Schlüssels bestimmt wird.12. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the position of the electronic key is determined from the field vectors measured by the electronic key (2) in relation to the at least three magnetic fields.
13. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass von der Orientierung des elektrischen Schlüssels (2) unabhängige Sollwerte der Feldvektorsignale für Positionen des elektronischen Schlüssels (2) in einem Kennfeld (15) in dem Steuergerät (14) gespeichert werden.13. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that setpoints of the field vector signals for positions of the electronic key (2) which are independent of the orientation of the electrical key (2) are stored in a map (15) in the control device (14) ,
14. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche n bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in dem Abfragezyklus die Magnetfelder nacheinander erzeugt werden und die Feldvektorsignale des elektronischen Schlüssels (2) für jedes Magnetfeld nacheinander abfragt werden. 14. The method according to any one of claims n to 13, characterized in that the magnetic fields are generated in succession in the query cycle and the field vector signals of the electronic key (2) are interrogated one after the other for each magnetic field.
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