WO2004106668A1 - Structures de support - Google Patents

Structures de support Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004106668A1
WO2004106668A1 PCT/GB2004/002258 GB2004002258W WO2004106668A1 WO 2004106668 A1 WO2004106668 A1 WO 2004106668A1 GB 2004002258 W GB2004002258 W GB 2004002258W WO 2004106668 A1 WO2004106668 A1 WO 2004106668A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
support
members
support structure
structure according
bearing members
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2004/002258
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Mark Panton
Original Assignee
Mark Panton
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB0312077A external-priority patent/GB0312077D0/en
Priority claimed from GB0320282A external-priority patent/GB0320282D0/en
Application filed by Mark Panton filed Critical Mark Panton
Priority to EP04735044A priority Critical patent/EP1636445A1/fr
Publication of WO2004106668A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004106668A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D21/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for erecting or assembling bridges
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
    • E04G11/04—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for structures of spherical, spheroid or similar shape, or for cupola structures of circular or polygonal horizontal or vertical section; Inflatable forms
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
    • E04G11/06—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for walls, e.g. curved end panels for wall shutterings; filler elements for wall shutterings; shutterings for vertical ducts
    • E04G11/062—Forms for curved walls
    • E04G11/065—Forms for curved walls with mechanical means to modify the curvature
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/14—Conveying or assembling building elements
    • E04G21/16—Tools or apparatus
    • E04G21/18—Adjusting tools; Templates
    • E04G21/1841—Means for positioning building parts or elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/14—Conveying or assembling building elements
    • E04G21/16—Tools or apparatus
    • E04G21/18—Adjusting tools; Templates
    • E04G21/1841—Means for positioning building parts or elements
    • E04G21/1858—Templates for window or door openings, e.g. in a masonry wall
    • E04G21/1866—Templates for window or door openings, e.g. in a masonry wall for making arches
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/14—Conveying or assembling building elements
    • E04G21/16—Tools or apparatus
    • E04G21/18—Adjusting tools; Templates
    • E04G21/1841—Means for positioning building parts or elements
    • E04G21/1875—Means for positioning building parts or elements for making curved walls

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to support structures.
  • the invention encompasses temporary support structures, for example as supports for building arches, or permanent structures, such as bridges and the like.
  • Buildings often include curved arches over doorways or windows, for example.
  • a builder wants to build such an arch out of bricks or blocks, it is necessary to provide a temporary support for the bricks or blocks as building progresses.
  • the dimensions of arches will vary from place to place so, for each archway, a different temporary support structure has to be provided.
  • These supports are usually made on site, using plywood and timber, to the exact measurements of the intended span and curvature. It is a time-consuming and therefore expensive operation and, of course, the temporary support is discarded after use, unless there are other arches of exactly the same dimension still to be built.
  • Bridges whether temporary or permanent, are often constructed as a series of arches.
  • the arches support a roadway, railway or possibly an aqueduct.
  • similar problems can arise in supporting the main structure whilst the arches are under construction.
  • the provision of the arches themselves can be expensive and difficult.
  • a support structure comprising a plurality of support members pivotally linked together to form a chain, each adjacent pair of support members being linked together by means of a tubular body extending transversely of the members and connected to each support member of the pair by two bearing members movably engaging the inner surface of the body, and each tubular member contacting the next in the chain either directly or indirectly through a third bearing mem- ber engaging the outer surface of the body, the point of direct or indirect contact lying between said two bearing members, whereby the support members may be positioned relative to each other to form an arcuate shape, the structure also comprising locking means attached to and extending between each adjacent pair of the support members.
  • the locking means may comprise a flexible sheet material such as hardboard fastened to the upper or lower surfaces of the support members, or separate sheets fas- tened to both the upper surfaces and lower surfaces respectively.
  • the sheet or sheets may be fastened to the support members by providing each such member with a wooden lath or the like extending across it and bolted or screwed thereto. The sheets can then be screwed or nailed to the laths, according to the structure to be formed. So, for example, the structure may be formed into a curved shape to provide a temporary support for ma- sonry during the construction of an arch.
  • the two bearing members engaging the inner surface of the body are at positions such that the distance between the two bearing members is less than the internal diameter of the body.
  • each pair of support members may be set with the longitudinal axes thereof aligned or including an angle of less than 180 degrees between them, so that the structure forms a straight or curved shape.
  • the tubular body may be a segment of a circle in section, in which case it is rigidly connected to one of the support members in a pair, or it may be a complete tube, in which case the connection to each of the support members is by way of a set of three bearing members, or two bearing members and contact with another tubular member.
  • the bearing members preferably comprise cylindrical rods extending between spaced walls of said support members.
  • the structure comprises a series of substantially U-shaped sections pivotally interconnected to one another, each section having spaced parallel sides between which is located a length of circular tube, each tube having a three-point fixing in each of two adjacent sections permitting relative pivotal movement between the said adjacent sections.
  • the third bearing member outside the tube is preferably larger than the other two members located inside the tube and is positioned asymmetricaiiy with re- spect to the other two.
  • the bearing members may be bolts passing through apertures in the sides and held by self-locking nuts.
  • End sections of the support structure are preferably provided with means for mounting an end of the support structure to a side wall of an archway.
  • the mounting means may comprise an apertured plate.
  • the sections are preferably formed from blank sheet material, each blank being bent to provide a said pair of parallel sides and a joining member that forms the outer radius of the structure when formed into a curve.
  • the said outer radius may be the top of an archway. Alternatively, it may form an upwardly hollow curve.
  • the U-shaped sections are preferably made of steel.
  • a tandem series of said support structures may support a surface providing roadway, railway or aqueduct.
  • each support member comprises a substantially rectangular frame having a spaced pair of bearing members extending be- tween opposed sides thereof, the bearing members passing through and engaging the internal surfaces of at least two tubular bodies arranged side by side, with the longitudinal axes thereof displaced from the neighbouring body by a distance equal to the radius of said body, whereby the structure comprises at least two rows of tubular bodies, the bodies in each row resting one against the next, the rows being linked together by the pairs of bearing members.
  • three rows of tubular bodies are provided, the centre row being displaced longitudinally with respect to the outer rows by a distance equal to the radius of one of the bodies.
  • support structure of the invention is generally described herein as being used to support arches and other downwardly-directed loads, it will be understood that it may also be used in other orientations, for example horizontally to support vertical shuttering, especially where the shuttering is arranged to form a vertical wall with curved surfaces in plan.
  • Figure 1 is a side elevation of a support structure in accordance with the invention
  • Figure 2 is a plan view of the support structure in Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 3 is a side elevation of the support structure of Figure 1 when deployed as a temporary support for supporting an arch under construction;
  • Figure 4 is a blank for making an intermediate link section;
  • Figure 5 is a blank for making an end link section
  • Figure 6 is an apex section for holding links at the apex of a pointed arch
  • Figure 7 is a skeleton view of a series of interconnected sections provided with a graduated scale for indicating the spacing between adjacent sections;
  • Figure 8 is a side elevation of a support structure in accordance with another embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 9 is a top plan view of a portion of the support structure shown in Figure 8. Detailed Description of the Illustrated Embodiments
  • the support structure comprises individual sections indicated generally at 1 and linked together to allow relative pivoting over a restricted angular range.
  • Each section 1 consists of a U-shaped member having a top 2 (Fig 2) and sides 3.
  • the sides 3 are provided with through holes indicated generally at 4 and 4 '.
  • the holes 4 ' are of larger diameter than the holes 4.
  • Hollow tubes 5 are located between pairs of opposed sides 3. The tubes are held in place by bolts 6 passing through the holes 4, 4 ' and held captive by nuts 7.
  • the nuts are preferably of the self-locking type, in which tightening of the nut on the bolt is sufficient to prevent it coming undone.
  • the bolts are tightened sufficiently that the component parts are held together but with sufficient freedom that they may "pivot" relative to one another.
  • the pivoting action is more of a rolling or sliding action as the tubes 5 pass relatively between a bolt on the outside of the tube and two bolts on the inside.
  • the sides 3 are tapered so as to be narrower nearer what will become the inner face of the support when deployed to support an arch under construction.
  • the sides are therefore preferably trapezoidal, as shown in Figure 1. This permits the "pivoting" action just described.
  • These sections are preferably made from blanks as shown in Figure 4.
  • the blanks consist of the trapezoidal sides 3 joined by a web 8 that will become the top 2 of the structure when the sides are bent to make a right angle with the web, thereby ere- ating the U-shaped sections already mentioned.
  • the web has a central aperture 18 and the sides 3 have "wings" 3 ' that are bent at right angles to the sides 3.
  • the upper surface i.e. the web 8
  • the upper surface is designed to receive a batten (not shown) on which the attach a piece of flexible board, such as ply.
  • the battens can be fixed to the web by screws or bolts passing through holes in the web at the sides of the aperture 18.
  • battens can be fixed to the wings 3 ' via holes in the wings.
  • the advantage of this construction is that, when the flexible board is fixed to the battens by nailing through the board into the battens, it is not vital that the correct length of nail is selected since the point of a nail that is too long will merely protrude into the void adjacent the tube 5. If the battens were fixed over a solid part of the web and nails that were too long were hammered into the battens, the points would strike the web. The same situation applies to battens fixed to the underside of the sections via the wings 3 '.
  • the sections at the ends of the support are of somewhat different shape to the in- termediate sections 1 described so far. Instead of being trapezoidal, the end sections have partly trapezoidal sides 9 of the general shape shown in the blank of Figure 5.
  • the sides 9 are joined together by a web 10.
  • the web also has a central aperture 10 ' and the sides 9 have "wings" ' for the same purpose as just described with reference to Figure 5.
  • the sections 9 When the sides 9 are bent to form a right angle with the web 10, the section becomes substantially U-shaped, with the web 10 thereby forming a plate by which the end of the support structure can be anchored to a side wall of the archway under construction. Holes are provided in the plate for this purpose.
  • the first part of the structure consisting of the individual sections 1 and the linking tubes 5, is first laid on to its side on the ground and formed into the desired curve.
  • Wooden battens 30 will normally be already attached to the upper and lower faces of the sections 1 , for example by screws or bolts, and would normally remain attached, being replaced only when they have become dam- aged through use.
  • An elongated sheet 31 of hardboard or plywood or other similar flexible sheet material is then formed into a corresponding curve and is attached to each of the battens 30 around the external or internal surface of the curve, or one on each.
  • An end section is anchored to the side wall 11 by means of the plate 10 ( Figure 5). It may be screwed, bolted or otherwise releasably attached to the wall 11. The rest of the structure is secured across the span between opposed walls of the archway so as to create an arch shape of the desired configuration.
  • the support structure of the present invention permits a considerable degree of adjustment.
  • the end sections can be fixed so as to permit the shape to be formed into any desired configuration. The self-locking action will prevent movement of the sections when a load is applied from above, as building progresses.
  • Intermediate sections of the support structure may be removable by releasing the bolts and taking out as many sections and tubes as required. Alternatively, a number of sections can be joined together to make a larger arch. In this way, only sections necessary to define the shape of the arch are in place.
  • the support structure may be composed entirely of intermediate sections, which may all be provided with fixing holes or the like so that they can be temporarily fixed to the side wall(s) of the archway without the need for any special end sections 9 at the free ends.
  • bricks or blocks may be laid on the upper surface 2, with their weight taken entirely by the support structure. It is impor- tant, therefore, that the support structure should be of sufficient strength to take the weight of the arch.
  • the sections and tubes are therefore preferably made of steel.
  • the width of the sections preferably matches the width of standard bricks or blocks.
  • the sections and tubes may be double the width of one brick or block.
  • two support structures may be used side-by-side, or the associated battens and hardboard or plywood may be extended to extend the effective width of the structure. Another possibility would be simply to extend the width of the battens and/or hardboard or plywood.
  • the apex section 12 illustrated in Figure 6 can be used to join two supports as pre- viously described, with the Figure 6 section placed at the apex.
  • the apex section includes a single tube 5, as used in all the other sections so far described, connecting a pair of U- shaped sections 13, 14 of the general shape shown.
  • the tube 5 is retained in each half of the pair by three bearing members 4 and a fourth bearing member 4 ' of larger diameter. It is not necessary for these members to co-operate to wedge the tube against relative movement under load as happens with the other sections. Connection to adjacent sections is through additional tubes in the manner described with reference to Figure 1.
  • FIG. 7 A further feature that can be incorporated in the support is shown in Figure 7, in which a series of interconnected sections, as previously described, are in a relaxed state.
  • the scale is graduated with numbers or other indicia.
  • the tubes 5 are provided with a diagonal line 16.
  • the tube is locked to one of the adjacent sections by means of one or more screws 17, for example, passing through the top edge of the adjacent section and into a tapped hole in the tube.
  • the tubes are constrained so that there is only relative movement with the adjacent section, because of the screw lock. That means that the scale 15 on one section moves relative to the diagonal line 16 on the tube in the adjacent section.
  • the point of intersection of the line and the scale therefore provides an indication of the extent to which these sections have moved apart. It is therefore possible to adjust all of the sections so that they adopt the same angle between every adjacent pair of sections, thereby assuring the user of a uniform curve.
  • the graduations on the scale can be marked in degrees, it is not essential and a numbered scale that can simply be repeated from one section to another is all that is necessary.
  • the outer curved face of the support structure is composed of a series of straight sections defined by the tops 2 of the individual sections. Therefore, in circumstances where it is important for the inner face of the arch to be smoothly curved, a length of relatively thin wood or other flexible material may be bent over the tops 2 of the intermediate sections.
  • Figures 8 and 9 show an alternative construction comprising staggered rings 80 in- terconnected by pairs of bearing members 81 mounted in rectangular brackets 82.
  • the rings 80 are position in three rows, side-by- side, the rings in each row contacting each other, and the outer rings being displaced by a distance equal to the radius of a ring from the inner row.
  • the bearing members 81 extend between opposed arms of the brackets 82 and pass through the rings 80 at the region of overlap of the displaced rows. The bearing members can rest in contact with the inner surfaces of the rings, although it is desirable to allow a small degree of clearance between the bearing members and the inner surfaces of the rings when the structure is at rest.
  • the structure according to this embodiment is used in a similar fashion to that of the other embodiments, with wooden laths being affixed to the upper and lower faces of the brackets 82 to permit attachment of sheet material such as hardboard when the support structure has been formed into the desired shape.
  • the boards hold the struc- ture in the desired configuration. Loading the structure by the building of a masonry arch, for example, permits the structure to carry a substantial loading without distortion.
  • the invention may form a more permanent structure.
  • a series of support structures as previously de- scribed can be linked together to form an arch for a bridge.
  • the component parts of the individual sections will clearly need to be sized to correspond to the expected load during use.
  • a series of such arches can then be topped with a roadway, railway, or even an aqueduct, to form a permanent bridge.
  • the "instant" nature of the support structure of the present invention makes it suitable for emergency or military use, for example in cases of flooding and to bridge a hazard or other obstacle.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une structure de support qui comprend une pluralité d'éléments de support (1) reliés pivotants entre eux de façon qu'ils forment une chaîne, chaque paire d'éléments de support étant reliée à la paire adjacente via un corps tubulaire (5) s'étendant transversalement par rapport aux éléments précités, et étant reliée à chaque élément de support de la paire via deux organes porteurs (6) coopérant de façon mobile avec la surface intérieure du corps. Chaque élément tubulaire se trouve en contact avec l'élément tubulaire suivant de la chaîne soit directement, soit indirectement via un troisième organe porteur coopérant avec la surface extérieure du corps, le point de contact direct ou indirect reposant entre les deux organes porteurs précités, ce qui fait que les éléments de support peuvent être placés l'un par rapport à l'autre de façon qu'ils adoptent une forme arquée. La structure de l'invention comprend également des moyens de verrouillage (30, 31) attachés à chaque paire adjacente d'éléments de support et s'étendant entre chaque paire.
PCT/GB2004/002258 2003-05-27 2004-05-27 Structures de support WO2004106668A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04735044A EP1636445A1 (fr) 2003-05-27 2004-05-27 Structures de support

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0312077.1 2003-05-27
GB0312077A GB0312077D0 (en) 2003-05-27 2003-05-27 Support structures
GB0312395.7 2003-05-30
GB0312395A GB0312395D0 (en) 2003-05-27 2003-05-30 Support structures
GB0320282.7 2003-08-29
GB0320282A GB0320282D0 (en) 2003-05-27 2003-08-29 Arch support/bridge

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004106668A1 true WO2004106668A1 (fr) 2004-12-09

Family

ID=33493841

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2004/002258 WO2004106668A1 (fr) 2003-05-27 2004-05-27 Structures de support

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1636445A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004106668A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2417255A (en) * 2004-08-18 2006-02-22 Mark Panton Support structure, e.g. temporary support for arch
WO2007102010A1 (fr) * 2006-03-08 2007-09-13 Patrick Sweeney Support de chambranle et chambranle connexe a celui-ci
GB2455345B (en) * 2007-12-07 2013-05-29 Mark Panton Bridge and Spring
CH708897A1 (fr) * 2013-11-28 2015-05-29 Ingeni Sa Ouvrage de franchissement mobile.

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0807501A1 (fr) * 1996-05-15 1997-11-19 Shinichi Nogami Coffrage de forme allongée à courbure variable

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0807501A1 (fr) * 1996-05-15 1997-11-19 Shinichi Nogami Coffrage de forme allongée à courbure variable

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2417255A (en) * 2004-08-18 2006-02-22 Mark Panton Support structure, e.g. temporary support for arch
GB2417255B (en) * 2004-08-18 2009-04-29 Mark Panton Support structure
WO2007102010A1 (fr) * 2006-03-08 2007-09-13 Patrick Sweeney Support de chambranle et chambranle connexe a celui-ci
GB2455345B (en) * 2007-12-07 2013-05-29 Mark Panton Bridge and Spring
CH708897A1 (fr) * 2013-11-28 2015-05-29 Ingeni Sa Ouvrage de franchissement mobile.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1636445A1 (fr) 2006-03-22

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