WO2004101656A1

WO2004101656A1 - Method for the production of polymer powders

Info

Publication number: WO2004101656A1
Application number: PCT/EP2004/004958
Authority: WO
Inventors: Joachim Pakusch; Markus Koppers; Marc Schröder; Heinrich Sack; Hans-Jürgen Denu
Original assignee: Basf Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date: 2003-05-19
Filing date: 2004-05-10
Publication date: 2004-11-25
Also published as: DE10322788A1

Abstract

Disclosed is a method for producing polymer powders by vaporizing the volatile components from dispersions of film-forming polymers P. Said method is characterized in that the aqueous polymer dispersion is provided with 0.1 to 80 percent by weight of dehydrating agents T before the volatile components are vaporized, the percentage by weight being in relation to the polymer P of the dispersion. Proteins or protein degradation products, preferably gelatin hydrolysates, are used as auxiliary dehydrating agents T.

Description

Process for the preparation of polymer powders

description

The present invention relates to a process for the production of polymer powders by evaporating the volatile constituents from aqueous dispersions of film-forming polymers P, which is characterized in that the aqueous polymer dispersion, before the volatile constituents are evaporated, also has drying agents T which are present in an amount of 0.1 up to 80% by weight, based on the polymer P of the dispersion, are present, T proteins or protein degradation products being used as drying aids.

The present invention further relates to the polymer powders obtainable by this process, their use as binders, and mineral binder building materials which contain such polymer powders.

Aqueous dispersions of film-forming polymers are widely used, for example as cobinders for mineral building materials or as binders, in particular for synthetic resin plasters or highly pigmented interior paints, adhesives or coating agents. However, it is often desirable not to use the aqueous polymer dispersion itself, but rather the polymer contained therein in powder form.

In order to obtain the film-forming polymer in powder form, the dispersion is subjected to a drying process in which the volatile constituents of the dispersion are evaporated using a suitable method, for example by means of spray drying or freeze drying. It should be noted that the polymer particles of the aqueous dispersion can irreversibly aggregate with one another and form secondary particles when the aqueous dispersion medium evaporates. The secondary particle formation leads to poorer redispersibility, generally accompanied by poorer application properties of the powder. In addition, it leads to the formation of deposits on the dryer walls and thus reduces the powder yield.

Drying aids are used to prevent or at least reduce the irreversible secondary particle formation during powder production. These are often referred to as spray aids because spray drying particularly promotes the formation of irreversibly agglomerated secondary particles. This effect is more pronounced the lower the glass cover transition temperature (and thus the softening temperature or the minimum film-forming temperature) of the polymer particles, especially if it is below the drying temperature.

At the same time, drying aids generally reduce the formation of polymer coating adhering to the dryer wall and thus increase the powder yield.

The drying aids used frequently, and not least because of their low price, are the salts, preferably the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or ammonium salts of condensation products of aromatic sulfonic acids with formaldehyde (arylsulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation products).

DE-A-24 45 813 describes a pulverulent polymer which can be redispersed in aqueous systems and which, as drying aids, contains 1 to 20% by weight of a water-soluble condensation product of aromatic hydrocarbons and formaldehyde containing sulfonic acid or sulfonate groups, for example phenolsulfonic or naphthalenesulfonic acid -For aldehyde condensates, contains.

WO 98/03577 discloses salts of naphthalenesulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation products with a number average molecular weight M _n below 1500 daltons, which have particularly good spray auxiliary properties.

Similarly, EP-A-407 889 describes the use of a water-soluble alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt of a phenolsulfonic acid / formaldehyde condensation product as a spraying aid for the preparation of polymer powders redispersible in water.

From WO 98/03576 salts of phenolsulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation products are also known which have a number average molecular weight M _n below 1500 daltons and particularly good spray auxiliary properties.

However, the use of drying agents, in particular arylsulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation products, has the disadvantage that the film formation of the powder particles in the redispersed state required for the application is adversely affected.

Furthermore, DE-A 10040826 discloses a process for drying dispersions based on styrene-butadiene copolymers in which, in the presence of salts of oligomeric arylsulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensates, as drying aids is spray dried. The dispersions described therein contain at least 1.5% by weight of an anionic surface-active compound with at least one C ₆ -C ₃₂ alkyl group. The process described there is characterized inter alia by good redispersibility and filming of the powders obtained. However, these are not completely neutral to some materials, such as cement, and are therefore not very suitable for some areas of application.

EP-B 134451 and WO 98/13411 describe the use of various polymeric natural substances in the production of spray-dried dispersion powders.

In addition, EP-A 1036101 relates to a process for the preparation of emulsifier-free, protective colloid-stabilized copolymers based on vinyl aromatics and 1,3-dienes. DE-A 19853450 also discloses emulsifier-free dispersion powders based on copolymers of styrene and butadiene. The emulsifier-free, protective colloid-containing styrene-butadiene dispersions obtained in this way are, however, very coarse and therefore have high concentrations of the malodorous Diels-Alder product 4-phenylcyclohexene.

Conventional spray aids (drying aids) such as polyvinyl alcohol, naphthalenesulfonic acid-formaldehyde ondensates, phenolsulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensates, polymaleic acid or polyacrylic acid form after spray drying with acrylamide-free dispersions based on copolymers of styrene and butadiene under the usual conditions with subsequent Ver - filming often cracked films. Flawless filming of the redispersed dispersion powder is, however, necessary for use in many systems, for example in mortar modification or painting.

The object of the present invention was therefore to remedy the disadvantages described and to develop a process for producing polymer powders which is as simple as possible to carry out and leads to polymer powders which, inter alia, are colorless and odorless, behave neutrally to as many materials as possible, show good redispersibility and filming and, moreover, influence the cement rheology as little as possible.

This object was surprisingly achieved by a process for the production of polymer powders, in which the volatile constituents are first evaporated from aqueous dispersions of film-forming polymers P, which is characterized in that the aqueous polymer dispersion before the evaporation of the volatile constituents also has drying aids T which are present in an amount of 0.1 to 80% by weight, based on the polymer P of the dispersion, proteins or protein degradation products being used as drying aids T.

Film-forming means that the polymer particles of the aqueous dispersion or the powder particles in an aqueous redisperse melt when the water evaporates (drying) above a temperature specific for them, the minimum film-forming temperature MFT, and form a coherent polymer film. Aqueous redispergate means an aqueous dispersion of the polymer powder.

The proteins or protein breakdown products used as drying aids T are produced in an amount of 0.1 to 80 wt.%, In particular in an amount of 1 to 50 wt.%, Preferably in an amount of 2 to 30 wt. -% and particularly preferably in an amount of 5 to 20 wt .-%, based on the polymer of the dispersion.

It is advisable to use such proteins or protein breakdown products as drying aids which have a molar mass (weight average, M _w ) of 200 to 500000 g / mol, in particular 500 to 100000 g / mol and particularly preferably 500 to 10000 g / ol.

A protein or protein degradation product is used as a drying aid in the process according to the invention. Suitable starting proteins are obtained, for example, from animal or vegetable sources. These include, for example, animal proteins, such as gelatin, casein or fish proteins, which are obtained, for example, from hair, horns, hooves, hooves, nails, bones or milk by customary processes. Vegetable proteins include, for example, proteins from rice, wheat, potatoes or oilseeds, which are also obtained in the usual way. To produce protein breakdown products, these starting proteins can be broken down into oligo- and polypeptides with a lower molecular weight than the starting proteins using acids, alkalis or enzymes. Gelatin, gelatin degradation products or gelatin hydrolyzates are particularly suitable as drying aids. Heavily degraded gelatin derivatives, such as the Gelita® brands from the German gelatin factories, such as Gelita®-Sol D, are preferably used. Suitable polymers for the process according to the invention and the polymer powder likewise according to the invention are essentially all film-forming polymers which form aqueous dispersions or can be prepared as an aqueous dispersion. These are usually polymers which are composed of ethylenically unsaturated monomers, for example from:

(a) 80 to 100 wt .-% of at least one monomer which is selected from vinyl aromatic compounds, esters of α, ß-monoethyleneiseh unsaturated C ₃ -C ₆ carboxylic acids and Cι-Cι ₂ alkanols, preferably Ci-Cs alkanols , Vinyl and allyl esters of Cχ-Cι ₂ carboxylic acids and conjugated C ₄ -C ₁₀ diolefins, and

(b) 0 to 20% by weight of at least one other monomer which has at least one ethylenically unsaturated group.

All quantities for monomers are based on 100% by weight, i.e. based on the total amount of the monomers to be polymerized.

Examples of vinylaromatic compounds are styrene, α-methylstyrene, C 1 -C ₄ -alkylstyrenes such as o-vinyltoluene and tert-butylstyrene.

The esters of α, β-monoethyleneiseh unsaturated carboxylic acids are in particular esters of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid. Examples of such esters are methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, n-propyl (meth) acrylate, iso-propyl (eth) acrylate, n-butyl (meth) acrylate, iso-butyl (meth) acrylate, t-butyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, n-decyl (meth) acrylate or dodecyl (meth) acrylate.

Usable vinyl and alkyl esters are vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl n-butyrate, vinyl laurate and vinyl stearate and the corresponding allyl esters.

Suitable conjugated C ₄ -Cιo diolefins include butadiene and isoprene.

Examples of the monomers (b) are:

- Ethylenically unsaturated monomers with an acid group such as mono- and dicarboxylic acids with 3 to 8 carbon atoms such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, acrylamidoglycolic acid, vinyl acetic acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid and the half esters of maleic acid with C 1 -C ₄ -alkanols , ethylenically unsaturated sulfonic acids such as vinylsulfonic acid, allylsulfonic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamidomethyl propanesulfonic acid, and ethylenically unsaturated phosphonic acids, e.g. B. vinylphosphonic acid, allylphosphonic acid, styrenephosphonic acid and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanephosphonic acid and their water-soluble salts, for example their alkali metal salts, preferably acrylic acid and methacrylic acid. Such monomers can be present in the polymers P in an amount of up to 10% by weight, for example 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 4% by weight;

Amides of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, such as acrylamide and methacrylamide, and the N-alkylolamides, preferably the N-methylolamides of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, such as N-methylolacrylamide and N-methylolmethacrylamide. Such monomers can be present in the polymers P in an amount of up to 10% by weight, for example 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 4% by weight;

Hydroxyalkyl esters of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, especially hydroxyethyl and hydroxypropyl esters, e.g. B. hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate and hydroxypropyl methacrylate. Such monomers can be present in the polymers P in an amount of up to 10% by weight, for example 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 6% by weight

Acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile. Such monomers can be contained in the polymers P in an amount of up to 10% by weight, for example 0.5 to 10% by weight.

Reactive monomers: reactive monomers include those that have a reactive functionality suitable for crosslinking. In addition to the aforementioned ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, their N-alkylolamides and hydroxyalkyl esters, these include monomers which have a carbonyl group or an epoxy group, for example N-diacetone acrylamide, N-diacetone methacrylamide, acetylacetoxyethyl acrylate and acetylacetoxyethyl methacrylate, glycidyl acrylate and glycidyl acrylate and glycidyl acrylate and glycidyl acrylate and glycidyl acrylate. Such monomers can be contained in the polymers P in an amount of up to 10% by weight, for example 0.5 to 10% by weight.

and crosslinking monomers. The crosslinking monomers include those which have at least two non-conjugated ethylenically unsaturated bonds, e.g. B. the di- and triacrylates or methacrylates of di- and trifunctional alcohols, eg. B. ethylene glycol diacrylate, diethylene glycol diacrylate, triethylene glycol diacrylate, butanediol diacrylate, hexanediol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate and tripropylene glycol dia- methacrylate. Such monomers can be present in the polymers P in an amount of up to 2% by weight, preferably not more than 1% by weight, for example 0.01 to 2% by weight, preferably 0.01 to 1% by weight , be included. In a preferred embodiment, the polymers P do not contain a crosslinking monomer.

The process according to the invention is preferably suitable for the production of polymer powders based on styrene-butadiene copolymers. The term copolymer is not to be understood as restrictive in this context and also includes those polymers which, in addition to styrene and butadiene, also contain other ethylenically unsaturated monomers in copolymerized form. Styrene-butadiene copolymers are usually made up of:

10 to 90% by weight, preferably 20 to 80% by weight, in particular 40 to 75% by weight, of styrene and optionally one or more vinyl aromatic monomers different therefrom,

- 10 to 90 wt .-%, preferably 20 to 80 wt .-%, in particular 25 to 60 wt .-% 1, 3-butadiene, optionally in a mixture with another conjugated diolefin such as isoprene and optionally

- up to 20% by weight, preferably up to 10% by weight, e.g. 0.1 to 20% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 10% by weight, of one or more of the aforementioned monomers (b).

The weight ratio of vinyl aromatic monomers to butadiene is generally in the range from 1: 9 to 9: 1, in particular in the range from 4: 1 to 1: 4 and very particularly preferably in the range from 3: 1 to 1: 1.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the polymer P is composed of:

20 to 80 wt .-%, in particular 40 to 75 wt .-% styrene

20 to 80 wt .-%, in particular 25 to 60 wt .-% butadiene, and optionally

0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 5% by weight, of monomers containing carboxyl groups, in particular acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and / or itaconic acid. Particularly suitable is the method of the invention for preparing polymer powders in which the polymer in the ^dispersants' sion a glass transition temperature (DSC, midpoint temperature, ASTM D 3418-82) of 65 ° C, in particular 50 ° C, particularly preferably 30 ° C does not exceed. In general, the glass transition temperature of the polymers is at least -60 ° C, preferably at least -40 ° C and in particular at least -20 ° C. The glass transition temperature of a polymer approximately corresponds to the minimum film temperature or is slightly higher.

It is often helpful to estimate the glass transition temperature T _{g of} the dispersed polymer. According to Fox (TG Fox, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. (Ser. II) 1, 123 [1956] and Ullmanns Encyklopadie der Technische Chemie, Weinheim (1980), pp. 17, 18) the following applies to the glass transition temperature of copolymers large molar masses in good nutrition

where X ¹ , X ² , ..., X ^{n are} the mass fractions 1, 2, ..., n and T _g ¹ , T _g ² , ..., T _g ^{n are} the glass transition temperatures of only one of the monomers 1 , 2, ..., n mean polymers in degrees Kelvin. The latter are, for example, from Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Indu- strial Chemistry, VCH, Weinheim, Vol. A 21 (1992) p 169 or from J. Brandrup, EH Immergut, Polymer Handbook 3 ^rd ed., J. Wiley, New York 1989 announced ,

Preferred polymer dispersions are also those in which the weight-average diameter d _{w of} the dispersed polymer particles is Ξ≥IOO nm. The weight-average diameter d _w is usually <2000 nm.

The d _w value of the particle size is, as usual, defined as the weight-average particle size, as determined using an analytical ultracentrifuge according to the method of W. Scholtan and H. Lange, Kolloid-Z. and Z.-Polymer 250 (1972) pages 782 to 796. The ultracentrifuge measurement provides the integral mass distribution of the particle diameter of a sample. From this it can be seen what percentage by weight of the particles have a diameter equal to or less than a certain size.

The preparation of the polymer dispersions to be dried is known and, in the case of polymers which are composed of ethylenically unsaturated monomers, is generally carried out by means of a free-radical aqueous emulsion polymerization, ie the monomers are polymerized in an aqueous emulsion in the presence of surface-active substances and at least one radical initiator.

Free radical initiators (polymerization initiators) are all those compounds which are capable of triggering a free-radical, aqueous emulsion polymerization. These include both organic and inorganic peroxides and hydroperoxides as well as azo compounds. Also suitable are redox initiator systems which generally contain a peroxide compound and a reducing agent, for example ascorbic acid, hydroxymethanesulfinic acid, bisulfite adduct with acetone, sodium sulfite or hydrogen sulfide, and / or a transition metal ion which can change its valency, e.g. in the form of water-soluble salts such as iron, vanadium or copper salts and water-soluble complexes thereof. Preferred initiator systems are the peroxides and hydroperoxides such as hydrogen peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide and isopropyl hydroperoxide. Preferred initiators are also the salts of peroxidic sulfuric acid, especially their alkali metal salts (e.g. potassium and sodium salts) and / or their ammonium salts. The radical starter is usually used in an amount of 0.1 to 3% by weight, based on the monomers to be polymerized.

Suitable surface-active substances are both protective colloids, ie water-soluble polymers with a molecular weight (number) M _n > 2000, and anionic or neutral surface-active compounds (emulsifiers) which, in contrast to the protective colloids, generally have a molecular weight M _n < 2000 and especially <1000. The surface-active substances are usually used in amounts of up to 10% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the monomers to be polymerized, anionic emulsifiers (compounds AO) generally not more than Make up 1% by weight, for example 0.1 to 1% by weight, of the monomers to be polymerized.

Suitable protective colloids are polyvinyl alcohols, starch and cellulose derivatives, polyacrylic acids, copolymers of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid with hydrophobic monomers and / or with hydroxyl-containing monomers, polyacrylamide or vinyl pyrrolidone-containing polymers.

Suitable anionic emulsifiers include salts of such compounds which have at least one C ₆ -C alkyl group, in particular a C ₈ -C ₂ alkyl group and a functionality suitable for salt formation with a base, for example a carboxyl, sulfonyl, phosphonyl, Phosphate or sulfate group, preferably have a sulfate or sulfonate group. Preferred salts include, as counterions, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or ammonium ions and in particular Sodium, potassium and calcium ions. Such compounds are known, inter alia, from Houben-Weyl, Methods of Organic Chemistry, Volume XIV / 1, Macromolecular Substances, Georg-Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart, 1961, pp. 192-208.

Examples of suitable anionic emulsifiers are salts of alkyl sulfates which are derived from linear or branched alcohols, for example fatty or oxo alcohols (alkyl radical: Cs-C ₃₂ ), from sulfuric acid semiesters of ethoxylated alkanols, which are derived from linear or branched alcohols, for example fatty acids. or oxo alcohols are derived (EO grade: 2 to 50, alkyl radical: Cs to C ₃₂ ), from sulfuric acid half-esters of ethoxylated alkylphenols with preferably linear alkyl radical (EO degree: 2 to 50, alkyl radical: C ₆ -C ₂ ), from Al- kylsulfonic acids (alkyl group: Cs ~ C ₃ ), of dialkyl esters of sulfobernoic acid (alkyl group: C ₆ to C ₃ ) and of alkylarylsulfonic acids with a preferably linear alkyl group (alkyl group: Cg to C ₃₂ ). Suitable anionic emulsifiers are the salts of di-C _δ - C ₃ alkyl derivatives of bis (phenylsulfonyl) ether and technical mixtures thereof, for example, are as DOWFAX® 2A1 from DOW Chemical Co.

The compounds of the general formula I are also preferred,

wherein R ^{1 is} a C ₆ ~ C ₃₂ alkyl and preferably a C ₈ -C ₂ alkyl group, R ^{2 is} hydrogen, C 1 -C ₄ alkyl, a fused benzene ring, optionally with C 1 -C ₄ -Alkyl is substituted, or is a phenoxy radical, which optionally has a C ₆ -C ₃₂ alkyl group and / or a sulfonate group, and

X is a cation equivalent, and is preferably an alkali metal cation, in particular a sodium or potassium ion, an equivalent of an alkaline earth metal cation, in particular 1/2 Ca ²⁺ or an ammonium ion.

R ² in formula I is particularly preferably hydrogen. R ¹ is particularly preferably bonded para to the sulfonate group.

In addition to the anionic emulsifiers mentioned, the polymer dispersion used in the process according to the invention can also contain nonionic surface-active compounds (nonionic emulsifiers). ren) included. Preferred nonionic emulsifiers are araliphatic emulsifiers, for example ethoxylated mono-, di- and trialkylphenols (EO grade: 3 to 50, alkyl radical: C ₆ -C ₃ ), or aliphatic emulsifiers based on alkyl-substituted aromatics, for example ethoxylates of long-chain alcohols , for example of oxo or fatty alcohols (EO grade: 3 to 50, alkyl radical: Cs-C ₃ ). These emulsifiers can be present in the polymer dispersion in amounts of up to 10% by weight, preferably up to 4% by weight and in particular up to 2% by weight, for example 0.1 to 10, preferably 0.1 to 4% by weight and in particular 0.2 to 2 wt .-% may be included.

The surface-active substances used can be added to the polymer dispersion to be dried during the drying process or, preferably, beforehand. It is advisable to use the surface-active substances already during the preparation of the aqueous polymer dispersion.

The proteins or protein degradation products used according to the invention as drying aids T can be added to the aqueous polymer dispersion both during the actual drying process and beforehand. The proteins or the protein degradation products are preferably added to them before the drying process, but after the aqueous polymer dispersion has been prepared. The proteins or the protein degradation products can also be added to the aqueous polymer dispersion in portions at certain times after the end of the preparation of the aqueous polymer dispersion.

To set the desired molecular weight, small amounts, e.g. 0.01 to 2% by weight, based on the monomers to be polymerized, regulating substances are also used. Suitable controllers are e.g. Compounds which have a thiol group and / or a silane group (e.g. t-do-decyl, n-dodecyl mercaptan or mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane), allyl alcohols or aldehydes such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and the like.

The emulsion polymerization can be carried out either continuously or according to the batch procedure, preferably according to a semi-continuous process. The monomers to be polymerized can be fed continuously to the polymerization batch, including step or gradient procedures. For this purpose, the monomers can be fed to the polymerization both as a monomer mixture and as an aqueous monomer emulsion In addition to the seed-free production method, the emulsion polymerization can be carried out by the seed latex process or in the presence of seed latex prepared in situ to set a defined polymer particle size. Methods for this are known and can be found in the prior art (see EP-B 40419 and "Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology", vol. 5, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York 1966, p. 847).

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the polymerization is carried out in the presence of 0.01 to 3% by weight and in particular 0.05 to 1.5% by weight of a seed latex (solids content of the seed latex, based on the total amount of monomer), preferably with initially introduced Seed latex (master seed) carried out. The latex generally has a weight-average particle size of 10 to 400 nm, preferably 20 to 120 nm and in particular 20 to 50 nm. Its constituent monomers are, for example, styrene, methyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate and mixtures thereof, the seed latex also to a lesser extent also ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, e.g. B. acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid and / or their A ide, preferably less than 10 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the polymer particles in the seed latex, may be copolymerized.

In general, polymerization temperatures between room temperature and 120 ° C., preferably at temperatures from 40 to 110 ° C. and particularly preferably between 50 and 100 ° C. at a pressure in the range from 1 to 10 bar.

Following the actual polymerization reaction, it may be necessary to make the aqueous polymer dispersions according to the invention largely free from odorants, such as residual monomers and other organic volatile constituents. This can be achieved physically in a manner known per se by removal by distillation (in particular by steam distillation) or by stripping with an inert gas. The lowering of the residual monomers can continue chemically by radical postpolymerization, in particular under the action of redox initiator systems, such as z. B. in DE-A 44 35 423, DE-A 44 19 518 and in DE-A 44 35 422 are performed. The postpolymerization is preferably carried out using a redox initiator system composed of at least one organic peroxide and one organic sulfite.

In this way, polymer dispersions with polymer contents of up to 80% by weight, based on the total weight of the dispersion, are accessible. As a rule, the solids content of the polymer dispersions prepared in this way is in the range from 40 to 60% by weight. The polymer dispersions thus obtainable can then, if necessary, be adjusted to the solids content desired for drying by dilution with a suitable solvent, for example with water or a water-emulsifier mixture and / or by adding an aqueous solution of the drying aid.

The solids content of the polymer dispersion to be dried, which already contains the drying aid, is generally in the range from 10 to 60% by weight, preferably in the range from 20 to 55% by weight (in each case calculated as polymer + drying aid, based on the Total weight of the dispersion).

The volatile constituents are evaporated from the aqueous polymer dispersion (hereinafter also referred to as drying) in a conventional manner, for example by freeze drying or preferably by spray drying.

In spray drying, the polymer dispersions to be dried are dried in the presence of the drying aid in a drying tower through which a stream of warm air is passed. The temperature of the warm air stream is generally 100 to 200 ° C., preferably 110 to 170 ° C. at the entrance to the drying tower, and approximately 30 to 100 ° C., preferably 50 to 80 ° C. at the tower exit. The polymer dispersion to be dried can be introduced into the hot air flow or preferably in parallel into the warm air flow. It can be added via single or multi-component nozzles or via a rotating disc. The polymer powders are separated in a conventional manner, e.g. using cyclones or filter separators.

In principle, the proteins or protein degradation products used as drying agents T, can be added to the polymer dispersion to be dried during the drying process in the form of solutions, for example as aqueous or aqueous-alcoholic solutions. The drying aid is preferably added to the polymer dispersion before drying. The drying agent can be used both as a solid or preferably as a solution, e.g. B. be added to the dispersion as an aqueous-alcoholic solution or in particular as an aqueous solution.

Furthermore, an anticaking agent (anti-caking agent) can be added to the polymer dispersion to be dried during the drying process. This is a fine-particle inorganic oxide, for example a fine-particle silica or a fine-particle silicate, e.g. B. talc. The finely divided inorganic oxide preferably has an average particle size in the range from 0.01 to 0.5 μ. Particularly preferred is finely divided silica with an average particle size in the range from 0.01 to 0.5 μm, which can be both hydrophilic and hydrophobic. Mixtures of hydrophilic and hydrophobized anti-caking agents are very particularly preferably used. The anti-caking agent can be added before or during the drying of the polymer dispersion. In another embodiment, the anti-caking agent is added to the polymer powder in a mixing device suitable for solids, for example a vibrator, wheelchair screw mixer or the like.

If desired, the anti-caking agent is used in an amount of 0.5 to 15% by weight and preferably in an amount of 2 to 12% by weight, based on the polymer powder (or on the total of polymer P + Use drying aids in the aqueous polymer dispersion).

The polymer powders obtained by the process according to the invention are also the subject of the present invention. In the presence of water, aqueous redisper gates of the polymer powder, among others, through an improved film composition. Surprisingly, the method according to the invention also leads to better results in spray drying, for example to an increased powder yield and to a reduced deposit formation. Surprisingly, other application properties are not adversely affected.

The polymer powders obtained by the process according to the invention comprise: i at least one film-forming polymer P, ii 0.1 to 80% by weight, based on the polymer P, proteins or

Protein degradation products as drying aids T, iii optionally surface-active compounds in an amount of up to 10% by weight, based on the polymer P, and iv optionally fillers, pigments, anticaking agents and / or conventional auxiliaries, e.g. State of the art drying aids, biocides and / or defoamers.

The polymer powders according to the invention are suitable as cobinders in mineral binders and ready-to-use binders, as binders in paints, lacquers, adhesives, coating and sealing compounds, construction adhesives, for example floor adhesives and in particular tile adhesives, and in synthetic resin plasters. The polymer powders obtainable according to the invention are particularly suitable as cobinders in mineral binding building materials or in ready-to-use preparations of these building materials, and in building adhesives. These are also the subject of the present invention.

Mineral binder building materials or their preparations are understood to mean compositions which contain at least one mineral binder such as lime, gypsum, clay and / or cement and, if appropriate, mineral additives. The ready-to-use preparation is converted into the actual building material preparation by stirring with water, which, if left to its own devices, solidifies in stone or in air or under water, possibly under the influence of elevated temperature. In addition to the mineral supplements, mineral building material preparations also contain conventional aids, e.g. B. Depending on the application, thickeners or plasticizers and defoamers.

Preferred mineral binders contain 70 to 100% by weight of cement and 0 to 30% by weight of gypsum. In particular, cement is the sole mineral binder. The effect according to the invention is essentially independent of the type of cement. Depending on the project, blast furnace cement, oil shale cement, Portland cement, hydrophobic cement, cut cement, swelling cement or alumina cement can be used, with the use of Portland cement proving to be particularly favorable.

The dry compositions of mineral binder building materials typically contain, based on the amount of mineral binder, 0.1 to 30% by weight, in particular 0.5 to 10% by weight, of modifying polymer powder. The weight fraction of polymer to mineral binder is usually in the range from 1: 100 to 1: 1.

To improve their processing properties, cellulose derivatives and microsilica are often added to the mineral binders. The former usually have a thickening effect and the latter normally form thixotropic agents which additionally reduce the flowability of the aqueous mortar before it has solidified in the applied retirement. By adding defoamers (preferably in powder form from the point of view of "dry mortar"), a practical air pore content (5 to 20% by volume) of the solidified cementitious mortar can be achieved in the solidified state. Sand, for example quartz sand, and optionally fillers such as calcium carbonate and pigments such as titanium dioxide or iron oxide, natural and synthetic fibers generally form the other supplements.

Construction adhesives include e.g. B. Floor adhesive and tile adhesive. They contain as an adhesive component at least one polymer powder according to the invention and, depending on the type of formulation, plasticizers, fillers, dispersing aids, biocides, and, if appropriate, water, defoamers, thickeners, thioxotropic agents and other additives. In a preferred embodiment, they also contain a mineral binder, e.g. B. cement. Such preparations are used in particular as tile adhesives. Due to the mineral binder, they are also among the mineral binders.

Typical mineral binders and other construction adhesives such as tile adhesives, especially as dry mineral binders, (based on the total weight of the solids contained in them):

10 to 60, preferably 15 to 50% by weight of mineral binder (preferably exclusively cement, in particular Portland cement)

0.1 to 20 often 0.2 to 15% by weight, in particular 0.5 to 10

% By weight, especially 2 to 8% by weight, of polymer powder according to the invention,

up to 25% by weight of conventional auxiliaries, for example defoamers, thickeners, liquefiers and thixotropic agents, and as a residual amount 30 to 80% by weight of additives, for example sand, fillers (for example CaC0 ₃ ), pigments (for example Ti0), natural and / or synthetic fibers. Defoamers are generally used in an amount of 0.1 to 2% by weight, thixotropic agents to 2% by weight, plasticizers to 1% by weight.

Typical embodiments of mineral binders are cementitious repair or reinforcement mortar. In order to increase their crack bridging ability, conventional reinforcing mortars also have natural or synthetic fibers made of materials such as Dralon (length, for example, 1 to 10 mm, length-related mass, for example 3 to 10 dtex) in an amount of up to 10% by weight , H. Reul gives an overview of auxiliaries and supplements in "Handbuch der Bauchemie, Verlag für chemischen Industrie, H. Zielkowsky KG, Augsburg, 1991. A further preferred embodiment of mineral binder building material preparations is tile adhesive. Typical tile adhesives contain as a dry preparation, in addition to the polymer powder, which, based on 100% by weight of dry preparation, usually makes up 0.5 to 10% by weight, in particular 2 to 8% by weight, of 15 to 50% by weight of mineral binder , in particular cement, 30 to 80% by weight of the usual additives, in particular quartz sand, e.g. B. with a sieve line of 0.063-0.4 mm, and / or calcium carbonate, and conventional auxiliaries such as thickeners, defoamers, biocides, dispersing aids, plasticizers (plasticizers), film-forming aids, etc. in an amount of 0.1 to 25% by weight %.

The process according to the invention for the production of polymer powders can be carried out industrially without great effort and leads to polymer powders which, inter alia, are colorless and odorless, compared to many materials behave neutrally towards cement, show usable redispersibility and filming and moreover have practically no influence on the cement rheology. The polymer powders according to the invention are readily available and have a very good binding power compared to calcium carbonate and other fillers. Furthermore, it proves to be advantageous that the drying aid used is a natural product.

Examples

I. Feed materials:

Polymer dispersion Di: Aqueous styrene-butadiene dispersion containing 50% by weight of polymer with a glass transition temperature T _g of approx. 4 ° C., the 53% by weight of styrene and 42% by weight of butadiene

Contains 4.5% by weight of acrylic acid and 0.5% by weight of itaconic acid in copolymerized form and which also contains 0.5% by weight, based on the polymer, of a sulfated fatty alcohol ethoxylate (degree of ethoxylation of 2 to 3) as an emulsifier is stabilized. The polymer dispersion had a particle size of

130 nm and corresponded to the dispersion Di described in DE-A 10040826 on page 7 below.

In Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples A and B according to the invention, the aqueous polymer dispersion was admixed with 10% by weight, based on the polymer, of a completely or partially water-soluble drying aid T, based on the polymer.

Polymer dispersion D ₂ : Aqueous styrene-acrylate dispersion corresponds to the dispersion Di described in EP-B 914366 on page 6, from line 28 in paragraph 1.1. This aqueous dispersion Dispersion was used in Examples 4 to 6 according to the invention.

II. Preparation of the polymer powder

The polymer dispersions of Examples 1 to 6 according to the invention and of Comparative Examples A and B were spray-dried in a pilot dryer. The drying aid T was added in each case in an amount of 10% by weight, based on the polymer P of the aqueous dispersion, and a commercially available antiblocking agent based on silica gel was used as the flow aid. The solids content of the spray food was 30% by weight. The atomization was carried out via a Teflon two-substance nozzle (gap width 1.3 mm), the inlet temperature was 130 ° C, the outlet temperature 60 ° C.

The following drying aids were used:

Ti: gelatin hydrolyzate Solugel LM from PB Gelatins GmbH (Belgium),

Molecular weight (weight average) approx. 3000 g / mol; IEPS (isoelectric point): 4.8-5.2

T ₂ : Gelatine hydrolyzate Solugel P from PB Gelatins GmbH (Belgium),

Molecular weight (weight average) approx. 3800 g / mol; IEPS: 4.8-5.2

T ₃ : collagen hydrolyzate Gelita Sol D from the German gelatine factories, collagen hydrolyzate from bovine split; Molecular weight (weight average) 2000 to 4000 g / mol; IEPS 3.5-6 corresponds to type B gelatin

T ₄ : naphthalenesulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation product as calcium salt prepared according to Example 2.1 (spraying aid Si) of EP-B 914366,

T ₅ : copolymer of 50 parts by weight of acrylic acid and 50 parts by weight of maleic acid, molecular weight (weight average) approx. 3000 g / mol

III. Results

The results of Examples 1 to 6 according to the invention and of Comparative Examples A and B are shown in Table 1 below.

Benotunα - powder Benotunα - filmbilduncr

1 = no clumping 1 = filmed without errors

2 = minimal clumping, easily pulverizable 2 = filmed with scars

3 = slight clumping, moderately pulverizable 3 = shrinkage cracks at the edge

4 = larger clumping, easy to pulverize 4 = large-scale shrinkage cracks

5 = larger clumping, difficult to pulverize 5 = totally cracked

6 = greater clumping, not pulverizable 6 = no filming

Table 1 shows the results of spray drying. The powders produced with the drying aid according to the invention could be spray-dried in high yield without problems, are redispersible and show faultless filming.

Redispersibility: 30 g of the polymer powder prepared in accordance with II was dispersed in a standing cylinder in 70 ml of deionized water and left for 4 hours at room temperature and then visually assessed how strongly the polymer phase had separated from the water phase.

Filming: A polymer film was cast from the redispersed dispersions and then dried at room temperature for 4 days. The quality of the film was assessed visually as shown in Table 1.

Claims

claims

1. A process for the preparation of polymer powders by evaporating the volatile constituents from aqueous dispersions of film-forming polymers P, characterized in that the aqueous polymer dispersion, prior to the evaporation of the volatile constituents, also has drying agents T which are present in an amount of 0.1 to 80% by weight. %, based on the polymer P of the dispersion, are present, T proteins or protein degradation products being used as drying aids.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the proteins or protein breakdown products used as drying aids T are present in an amount of 1 to 50% by weight, based on the polymer P of the dispersion.

3. The method according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the proteins or protein degradation products used as drying aids T have a molar mass (weight average, M _w ) of 500 to 50,000 g / mol.

4. The method according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that T gelatin or gelatin hydrolyzate is used as drying aid.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the polymer in the dispersion is a styrene-butadiene copolymer.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the polymer in the dispersion has a glass transition temperature T _g below 65 ° C.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the polymer dispersion additionally contains at least one emulsifier in an amount of up to 10 wt .-%, based on the polymer.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the volatile constituents are evaporated from the aqueous polymer dispersion by a spray drying process.

9. polymer powder obtainable by a method according to one of claims 1 to 8.

10. Polymer powder according to claim 9, comprising: i at least one film-forming polymer P, ii 0.1 to 80 wt .-%, based on the polymer P, proteins or protein degradation products as drying aids T 5 iii optionally neutral surface-active compounds in an amount of up to 10 % By weight, based on the polymer P, and iv, if appropriate, fillers, pigments, anti-caking agents and / or customary auxiliaries.

10 11. Use of the polymer powder according to claim 9 or 10 as a cobinder in mineral binders and ready-to-use binders preparations, as a binder in paints, varnishes, adhesives, coating and sealing compounds, construction adhesives and in synthetic resin plasters.

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12. Mineral binder building material containing a polymer powder according to one of claims 9 or 10.

13. Mineral binder according to claim 12 in the form of a 20 dry mortar preparation consisting of

10 to 60% by weight of mineral binder,

0.1 to 30% by weight of polymer powder according to one of claims 9 or 10,

25 - up to 25% by weight of auxiliaries customary for mineral binders and as a residual amount of additives such as sand, fillers, pigments, natural fibers and / or synthetic fibers.

30 14. Mineral binder according to claim 12 in the form of a construction adhesive dry preparation consisting of

- 15 to 50 wt .-% mineral binder

0.5 to 10% by weight of polymer powder, according to one of the claims 35 before 9 or 10

0.1 to 25% by weight of auxiliaries customary for construction adhesives 30 to 80% by weight of additives customary for construction adhesives

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