WO2004097312A1 - Method and device for collecting radiant energy - Google Patents
Method and device for collecting radiant energy Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004097312A1 WO2004097312A1 PCT/FI2004/000251 FI2004000251W WO2004097312A1 WO 2004097312 A1 WO2004097312 A1 WO 2004097312A1 FI 2004000251 W FI2004000251 W FI 2004000251W WO 2004097312 A1 WO2004097312 A1 WO 2004097312A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- heat transporting
- heat
- radiation absorbing
- medium
- transporting medium
- Prior art date
Links
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
- F24S10/50—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed between plates
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
- F24S70/10—Details of absorbing elements characterised by the absorbing material
- F24S70/14—Details of absorbing elements characterised by the absorbing material made of plastics
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
- F24S70/60—Details of absorbing elements characterised by the structure or construction
- F24S70/65—Combinations of two or more absorbing elements
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method of collecting radiant energy that penetrates into a channel or another restricted space having a totally or partly transparent side wall or side walls, through which channel or closed space a heat transporting medium is flowing.
- the invention also relates to a device for collecting radiant energy, comprising a channel defined by one or more totally or partly transparent side walls or a corre- sponding restricted space through which a heat transporting medium is arranged to flow.
- the radiant energy is absorbed into the surface of a dark collector plate which is heated by the radiant energy, whereby heat is led through the material of the collector plate to the back side thereof which, either directly or via an additional channel wall, is in contact with a slowly bypassing heat transporting medium. From the back side of the heated collector plate, or from the channel wall, the heat is transferred to the heat transporting medium through convection.
- the efficiency is limited to a smaller or greater extent depending on the thermal conductivity in the collector plate
- the object of the present invention is to make the uptake and recovery of the radiant energy more efficient by using another principle for the heating of the heat transporting medium. According to the present invention, this is achieved by means of a method, which is characterised in that the radiant energy is absorbed by surfaces being in direct contact with the heat transporting medium and transferring the energy thus received directly to the heat transporting medium. According to the invention use is made of a device, which is characterised in that the channel or space is filled with radiation absorbing filling objects or filling material being in direct contact with the heat transporting medium, or in that the heat transporting medium contains particles or drops of radiation absorbing material.
- the fill- ing objects or filling material consist of an organic or an inorganic, possibly porous material having large absorption and heat transfer surfaces.
- the heat transporting medium in the heating by the radiant energy, is led through a channel defined by totally or partly transparent side walls made of a more or less flexible material.
- the heating of the heat transporting medium takes place when it is led through a space having a level, totally or partly transparent side wall, which space in the other directions is surrounded by an insulated frame having an inlet and an outlet for the heat transporting medium.
- the heat transporting medium may contain a medium having radiation absorbing properties, whereby a very efficient heating of the heat transporting medium is achieved because the medium that has absorbed the radiant energy flows along with the heat transporting medium so that the heat transfer between both the media can take place during a longer time period, i.e. even during the time that the media flow into a heat recovery device or accumulator.
- the heat transporting and radiation absorbing media may be, for example, a disper-
- the heat transporting and radiation absorbing medium may alternatively be an emulsion of two liquids, wherein one of the liquids has a good radiation absorbing prop- erty.
- the radiation absorbing property ceases also in this case if the flow through the closed space stops. This ' is due to the fact that both liquid phases separate when the emulsion is not in motion, which is the case when the emulsion is composed of water and oil drops.
- the heat transporting medium is a liquid or gas arranged to flow through the closed space filled with radiation absorbing filling objects of a dark organic or inorganic material.
- these are granulates or fibres of polyethylene or polypropylene as well as glass particles or fibres.
- the filling objects can also be ropes or bands drawn through the closed space.
- the heat trans- porting medium which is for example water, flows between the particles packed in the space and comes therefore into effective contact with all the surfaces of the particles. Through this design an extremely large total surface is achieved, capable of absorbing radiant energy that heats the particles, as well as a very large heat transfer surface between the particles thus heated and the by-passing medium for emitting the heat up-taken by the particles to the by-passing heat transporting medium.
- the radiation absorbing material may consist of small magnetic particles influenced by an electric or magnetic field.
- an electric or magnetic field By applying an electric or magnetic field to a side wall opposed to the transparent side wall, the magnetic particles are made to gather at this wall, in a pattern defined by said field, and form a
- the radiation absorbing filling material may also be a dark organic or inorganic, possibly porous material through which the heat transporting material is arranged to flow and uptake heat energy simultaneously.
- a filling material are fibres, fabrics, bands, threads, ropes and sponge-like materials, i.e. either continuous or discontinuous materials.
- the heat transporting and radiation absorbing media may also consist of an aerosol of solid or liquid particles in a gas.
- the totally or partly transparent side wall or side walls through which the radiant energy passes into the space with the heat transporting and radiation absorbing media may be built of an organic or inorganic material, preferably of a thermoplastic resin such as polycarbonate, polyethylene, polyurethane, polypropylene, polymethyl- methacrylate, polyethersulfone, polyetherimide, polystyrene, polyamide, polypheny- loxide, polyoxymethylene, ethylenepropylenedienemonomer, acrylnitrile-butadiene- styrene or polyvinylchloride, of a thermosetting resin such as polyester UP or ep- oxyplastic EP, or a mixture of these.
- the totally or partly transparent side wall or side walls may also be of glass or silicone. In order to avoid heat loss out through the totally or partly transparent side wall, this may, according to one embodiment, be provided with two or more parallel transparent layers having an insulating gap of air
- Said gap may be pressurized, evacuated or provided with pressure equalizing apertures.
- the insulated frame of the device has side walls of metal, polymer or wood, insulated with an organic or inorganic insulating material, such as aluminium walls insulated with polyurethane foam.
- the insulated frame is equipped with double side walls having a layer of insulating gas, foam or other porous material there between.
- Figure 1 shows an example of a device according to the invention, in a perspective view
- Figure 2 shows schematically a cross-section through an embodiment of the device according to the invention.
- the device according to the invention comprises a space 2 enclosed by a frame 1, having a preferably rectangular cross-section, which space is, in one direction, de- fined by a totally or partly transparent side wall 3 through which radiant energy 4 is intended to pass into said space 2.
- the frame 1 has, in its lower part, an inlet 5 for a heat transporting medium 6 and, in its upper part, an outlet 7 for said heat transporting medium 5.
- the frame 1 is conveniently made of aluminium or polymer material and provided with an insulating layer of polymer foam.
- the heat transporting medium 6 contains a medium having radiation absorbing properties, or, as is shown schematically in Figure 2, the space in the device is filled with filling objects or filling material 8 having radiation absorbing properties, such as polyethylene or polypropylene granulate.
- the material in said particles 8 shall preferably have such a surface tension that the heat transport- i ing medium 6, which is for example water, forms a film over the entire surface of the particle, which results in a maximal heat transfer surface between the particle 8 and the heat transporting medium.
- the transparent side wall 3 may be made of a transparent or semitransparent polymer, for example. Examples of suitable materials are polycarbonate, polypropylene, polyvinylchloride etc.
- the device may be equipped with side walls 3 consisting of two or more parallel transparent layers forming an insulating layer of air or another gas there between. Said interspaces may be pressurized or evacuated in order to achieve a desired insulation effect, or provided with pressure equalizing apertures.
- the device according to the invention is provided with an aluminium frame and polyurethane insulation, wherein the transparent layer was made of polycarbonate (Lexan).
- the dimensions of the device were 710 x 1770 x 70 mm and the surface of the transparent side wall was 1,135 m 2 .
- the weight of the device was 19 kg in an empty state.
- the space in the device according to the invention was filled with poly-
- the heat transporting medium used was water.
- an efficiency of 65 % was achieved.
- Fortum's solar panel having a metal plate as an outer absorbing material, a Solar-Nor solar panel having an outer absorbing boundary surface of polymer and a SolarTrap solar panel, also provided with an outer absorbing boundary surface of polymer give an efficiency of 70, 65 and 50 %, respectively.
- a heat transporting medium containing a radiation absorbing me- ⁇ dium in the form of a dispersion of oil and magnetite was used.
- the space in the device accommodates 10 litres of said medium.
- the result of this device was an efficiency of 73 %, while the efficiencies of Fortum's solar panel, the Solar-Nor solar panel and the SolarTrap solar panel were 64, 57 and 50 %, respectively, under the same conditions.
Abstract
The invention relates to a method and device for collecting radiant energy (4) that penetrates into a channel or another restricted space having a totally or partly transparent side wall or side walls, through which channel or closed space a heat transporting medium (6) flows. It is characterizing of the invention that the radiant energy (4) is absorbed by surfaces, such as dark filling objects being in direct contact with the heat transporting medium (6) and transferring the energy thus received directly to the heat transporting medium (6).
Description
Method and device for collecting radiant energy
The invention relates to a method of collecting radiant energy that penetrates into a channel or another restricted space having a totally or partly transparent side wall or side walls, through which channel or closed space a heat transporting medium is flowing.
The invention also relates to a device for collecting radiant energy, comprising a channel defined by one or more totally or partly transparent side walls or a corre- sponding restricted space through which a heat transporting medium is arranged to flow.
According to previously known embodiments, the radiant energy is absorbed into the surface of a dark collector plate which is heated by the radiant energy, whereby heat is led through the material of the collector plate to the back side thereof which, either directly or via an additional channel wall, is in contact with a slowly bypassing heat transporting medium. From the back side of the heated collector plate, or from the channel wall, the heat is transferred to the heat transporting medium through convection. In the previously known solutions, the efficiency is limited to a smaller or greater extent depending on the thermal conductivity in the collector plate
1 and on the convection between the even inner wall of the collector plate or channel and the by-passing medium.
The object of the present invention is to make the uptake and recovery of the radiant energy more efficient by using another principle for the heating of the heat transporting medium. According to the present invention, this is achieved by means of a method, which is characterised in that the radiant energy is absorbed by surfaces being in direct contact with the heat transporting medium and transferring the energy thus received directly to the heat transporting medium.
According to the invention use is made of a device, which is characterised in that the channel or space is filled with radiation absorbing filling objects or filling material being in direct contact with the heat transporting medium, or in that the heat transporting medium contains particles or drops of radiation absorbing material. The fill- ing objects or filling material consist of an organic or an inorganic, possibly porous material having large absorption and heat transfer surfaces.
This results in that the heat does not have to be led through one or more materials before it is transferred to the heat transporting medium but this is heated effectively due to the considerably larger heat transfer surface between the heat transporting medium and the radiation absorbing material and the changed course of flow through the space.
According to one embodiment, the heat transporting medium, in the heating by the radiant energy, is led through a channel defined by totally or partly transparent side walls made of a more or less flexible material.
According to another embodiment, the heating of the heat transporting medium takes place when it is led through a space having a level, totally or partly transparent side wall, which space in the other directions is surrounded by an insulated frame having an inlet and an outlet for the heat transporting medium.
According to one embodiment, the heat transporting medium may contain a medium having radiation absorbing properties, whereby a very efficient heating of the heat transporting medium is achieved because the medium that has absorbed the radiant energy flows along with the heat transporting medium so that the heat transfer between both the media can take place during a longer time period, i.e. even during the time that the media flow into a heat recovery device or accumulator.
The heat transporting and radiation absorbing media may be, for example, a disper-
1 sion of a liquid or gas and particles having radiation absorbing properties. Conven-
iently, the particles and the heat transporting medium have a different density, which results in separation when the liquid flow ceases. The radiation absorbing effect of the device is thereby ended, which can be utilized to counteract overheating of the whole equipment and thus to prevent damages thereto. When the flow is restarted, the particles are re-dispersed into the liquid, whereby good radiation absorption is achieved again. An example of such a dispersion is that of oil and magnetite.
The heat transporting and radiation absorbing medium may alternatively be an emulsion of two liquids, wherein one of the liquids has a good radiation absorbing prop- erty. The radiation absorbing property ceases also in this case if the flow through the closed space stops. This'is due to the fact that both liquid phases separate when the emulsion is not in motion, which is the case when the emulsion is composed of water and oil drops.
According to another embodiment, the heat transporting medium is a liquid or gas arranged to flow through the closed space filled with radiation absorbing filling objects of a dark organic or inorganic material. Examples of these are granulates or fibres of polyethylene or polypropylene as well as glass particles or fibres. The filling objects can also be ropes or bands drawn through the closed space. The heat trans- porting medium, which is for example water, flows between the particles packed in the space and comes therefore into effective contact with all the surfaces of the particles. Through this design an extremely large total surface is achieved, capable of absorbing radiant energy that heats the particles, as well as a very large heat transfer surface between the particles thus heated and the by-passing medium for emitting the heat up-taken by the particles to the by-passing heat transporting medium.
According to one embodiment, the radiation absorbing material may consist of small magnetic particles influenced by an electric or magnetic field. By applying an electric or magnetic field to a side wall opposed to the transparent side wall, the magnetic particles are made to gather at this wall, in a pattern defined by said field, and form a
"rough" radiation absorbing surface past which the heat transporting medium is ar-
ranged to flow and uptake heat energy. When the electric or magnetic field is switched off, the particles are released from the side wall and fall down to the bottom of the channel, whereby the radiation absorption ceases.
The radiation absorbing filling material may also be a dark organic or inorganic, possibly porous material through which the heat transporting material is arranged to flow and uptake heat energy simultaneously. Examples of such a filling material are fibres, fabrics, bands, threads, ropes and sponge-like materials, i.e. either continuous or discontinuous materials.
The heat transporting and radiation absorbing media may also consist of an aerosol of solid or liquid particles in a gas.
The totally or partly transparent side wall or side walls through which the radiant energy passes into the space with the heat transporting and radiation absorbing media may be built of an organic or inorganic material, preferably of a thermoplastic resin such as polycarbonate, polyethylene, polyurethane, polypropylene, polymethyl- methacrylate, polyethersulfone, polyetherimide, polystyrene, polyamide, polypheny- loxide, polyoxymethylene, ethylenepropylenedienemonomer, acrylnitrile-butadiene- styrene or polyvinylchloride, of a thermosetting resin such as polyester UP or ep- oxyplastic EP, or a mixture of these. The totally or partly transparent side wall or side walls may also be of glass or silicone. In order to avoid heat loss out through the totally or partly transparent side wall, this may, according to one embodiment, be provided with two or more parallel transparent layers having an insulating gap of air
I or another gas there between. Said gap may be pressurized, evacuated or provided with pressure equalizing apertures.
According to one embodiment, the insulated frame of the device has side walls of metal, polymer or wood, insulated with an organic or inorganic insulating material, such as aluminium walls insulated with polyurethane foam. According to another
embodiment, the insulated frame is equipped with double side walls having a layer of insulating gas, foam or other porous material there between.
In the following the invention is described in more detail with reference to the ac- companying drawing in which
Figure 1 shows an example of a device according to the invention, in a perspective view, and
Figure 2 shows schematically a cross-section through an embodiment of the device according to the invention.
The device according to the invention comprises a space 2 enclosed by a frame 1, having a preferably rectangular cross-section, which space is, in one direction, de- fined by a totally or partly transparent side wall 3 through which radiant energy 4 is intended to pass into said space 2. The frame 1 has, in its lower part, an inlet 5 for a heat transporting medium 6 and, in its upper part, an outlet 7 for said heat transporting medium 5. The frame 1 is conveniently made of aluminium or polymer material and provided with an insulating layer of polymer foam.
The heat transporting medium 6 according to the invention contains a medium having radiation absorbing properties, or, as is shown schematically in Figure 2, the space in the device is filled with filling objects or filling material 8 having radiation absorbing properties, such as polyethylene or polypropylene granulate. The material in said particles 8 shall preferably have such a surface tension that the heat transport- i ing medium 6, which is for example water, forms a film over the entire surface of the particle, which results in a maximal heat transfer surface between the particle 8 and the heat transporting medium. The transparent side wall 3 may be made of a transparent or semitransparent polymer, for example. Examples of suitable materials are polycarbonate, polypropylene, polyvinylchloride etc. In order to prevent heat loss to the surroundings further, the device may be equipped with side walls 3 consisting of
two or more parallel transparent layers forming an insulating layer of air or another gas there between. Said interspaces may be pressurized or evacuated in order to achieve a desired insulation effect, or provided with pressure equalizing apertures.
Experiments
In order to confirm the efficiency in a device according to the invention we have performed tests with two different types of heat transporting medium and radiation absorbing medium according to the invention and compared with literature refer- ences for previously known marketed devices having an outer radiation absorbing boundary surface. In both these tests, the device according to the invention is provided with an aluminium frame and polyurethane insulation, wherein the transparent layer was made of polycarbonate (Lexan). The dimensions of the device were 710 x 1770 x 70 mm and the surface of the transparent side wall was 1,135 m2. The weight of the device was 19 kg in an empty state.
In one test, the space in the device according to the invention was filled with poly-
I propylene granulate so that its weight amounted to 26 kg and the device accommodated a liquid amount of 4 litres. The heat transporting medium used was water. When the temperature difference between the medium temperature in the panel and the temperature of the environment was 15 °C, and when the mass flow was 0.37 1/min, an efficiency of 65 % was achieved. Under the same conditions, Fortum's solar panel having a metal plate as an outer absorbing material, a Solar-Nor solar panel having an outer absorbing boundary surface of polymer and a SolarTrap solar panel, also provided with an outer absorbing boundary surface of polymer, give an efficiency of 70, 65 and 50 %, respectively.
In the other test, a heat transporting medium containing a radiation absorbing me- ϊ dium in the form of a dispersion of oil and magnetite was used. In this case, the space in the device accommodates 10 litres of said medium. When the temperature difference between the medium temperature in the panel and the temperature of the
environment was 25 °C, and when the mass flow was 0.5 1/min., the result of this device was an efficiency of 73 %, while the efficiencies of Fortum's solar panel, the Solar-Nor solar panel and the SolarTrap solar panel were 64, 57 and 50 %, respectively, under the same conditions.
Claims
1. A method of collecting radiant energy that penetrates into a channel or another restricted space having a totally or partly transparent side wall or side walls, through 5 which channel or closed space a heat transporting medium is flowing, characterized in that the radiant energy is absorbed by surfaces being in direct contact with the heat transporting medium and transferring the energy thus received directly to the heat transporting medium.
0 2. A method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the channel through which the heat transporting medium is led is defined by totally or partly transparent side
I walls made of a more or less flexible material.
3. A method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the heat transporting me- 5 dium passes through a space having a level, totally or partly transparent side wall.
4. A method according to Claim 3, characterized in that the space is filled with radiation absorbing filling objects or filling material consisting of an organic or inorganic, possibly porous material having large absorption and heat transfer surfaces. 0
5. A method according to Claim 4, characterized in that the heat transporting medium is a liquid or a gas.'
6. A method according to Claim 5, characterized in that the heat transporting and 5 radiation absorbing media are a dispersion of a liquid and radiation absorbing particles having a density that differs from the density of the liquid, which results in separation when the liquid flow ceases.
7. A method according to Claim 5, characterized in that the heat transporting me- o dium is an aerosol of solid or liquid, radiation absorbing particles in a gas.
8. A device for collecting radiant energy, comprising a channel defined by one or more totally or partly transparent side walls or a corresponding restricted space through which a heat transporting medium is arranged to flow, characterized in that the channel or space is filled with radiation absorbing filling objects or filling material being in direct contact with the heat transporting medium, or in that the heat transporting medium contains particles or drops of radiation absorbing material.
9. A device according to Claim 8, characterized in that the filling objects or filling material consist of a porous organic or inorganic material having large absorption and heat transfer surfaces.
10. A device according to Claim 8, characterized in that the side wall of the channel is made of a more or less flexible, transparent or partly transparent organic or inorganic material.
11. A device according to Claim 8, characterized in that the restricted space has at least one transparent or partly transparent side wall and is surrounded in the other directions by an insulated frame having an inlet and an outlet for the heat transporting medium.
12. A device according to Claim 11, characterized in that the transparent side wall is made of an organic or inorganic polymer material or of glass.
13. A device according to Claim 12, characterized in that the transparent side wall comprises two or more parallel layers having a gap of air or another gas there between.
14. A device according to Claim 13, characterized in that the gap is pressurized, evacuated or provided with pressure equalizing apertures.
15. A device according to Claim 11, characterized in that the insulated frame comprises side walls of metal, polymer or wood, insulated with an organic or inorganic insulating material.
16. A device according to Claim 11, characterized in that the insulated frame has double side walls having a layer of insulating gas, foam or other porous material there between.
17. A device according to Claim 8 or 11, characterized in that the heat transfer medium is a liquid or a gas and in that the restricted space is filled with dark, par- ticulate or sponge-like porous organic or inorganic material.
18. A device according to any of Claims 8 to 16, characterized in that the heat transfer medium is a dispersion of a liquid or a gas and radiation absorbing particles.
19. A device according to Claim 17, characterized in that the heat transfer medium is water.
20. A device according to Claim 19, characterized in that the particles are of poly- ethylene, polypropylene or glass.
21. A device according to Claim 18, characterized in that the heat transporting and radiation absorbing dispersion consists of oil and magnetite.
22. A device according to Claim 15, characterized in that the frame has polyurethane insulated side walls made of aluminium.
23. A device according to Claim 18, characterized in that the heat transporting medium and the particles have a different density, which results in sedimentation when the flow ceases.
24. A device according to Claim 18, characterized in that the particles are magnetic and arranged, during operation, to be influenced by an electric or magnetic field working on the back side of the closed space.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04729125A EP1618342A1 (en) | 2003-04-25 | 2004-04-23 | Method and device for collecting radiant energy |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FI20030628 | 2003-04-25 | ||
| FI20030628A FI20030628A (en) | 2003-04-25 | 2003-04-25 | Method and apparatus for collecting radiation energy |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2004097312A1 true WO2004097312A1 (en) | 2004-11-11 |
Family
ID=8566025
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FI2004/000251 WO2004097312A1 (en) | 2003-04-25 | 2004-04-23 | Method and device for collecting radiant energy |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1618342A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI20030628A (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2005136667A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2004097312A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2433311A (en) * | 2005-12-06 | 2007-06-20 | Martyn Johnson-Townley | A black body solar panel containing granules |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4055948A (en) * | 1975-12-08 | 1977-11-01 | Kraus Robert A | Solar thermal-radiation, absorption and conversion system |
| US4129117A (en) * | 1975-04-21 | 1978-12-12 | The British Petroleum Company Limited | Solar energy collector |
| US4287882A (en) * | 1978-08-30 | 1981-09-08 | Solarspan, Inc. | Black liquid absorbing solar collector |
-
2003
- 2003-04-25 FI FI20030628A patent/FI20030628A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2004
- 2004-04-23 WO PCT/FI2004/000251 patent/WO2004097312A1/en active Application Filing
- 2004-04-23 RU RU2005136667/06A patent/RU2005136667A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-04-23 EP EP04729125A patent/EP1618342A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4129117A (en) * | 1975-04-21 | 1978-12-12 | The British Petroleum Company Limited | Solar energy collector |
| US4055948A (en) * | 1975-12-08 | 1977-11-01 | Kraus Robert A | Solar thermal-radiation, absorption and conversion system |
| US4287882A (en) * | 1978-08-30 | 1981-09-08 | Solarspan, Inc. | Black liquid absorbing solar collector |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2433311A (en) * | 2005-12-06 | 2007-06-20 | Martyn Johnson-Townley | A black body solar panel containing granules |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FI20030628A0 (en) | 2003-04-25 |
| FI20030628A (en) | 2004-10-26 |
| RU2005136667A (en) | 2006-03-20 |
| EP1618342A1 (en) | 2006-01-25 |
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