WO2004095313A1 - Systeme de traitement de donnees pour recherches conviviales dans une bande de donnees - Google Patents

Systeme de traitement de donnees pour recherches conviviales dans une bande de donnees Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004095313A1
WO2004095313A1 PCT/EP2004/004136 EP2004004136W WO2004095313A1 WO 2004095313 A1 WO2004095313 A1 WO 2004095313A1 EP 2004004136 W EP2004004136 W EP 2004004136W WO 2004095313 A1 WO2004095313 A1 WO 2004095313A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
data
processing system
computer
data processing
unit
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PCT/EP2004/004136
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jürgen ANGELE
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Ontoprise Gmbh
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Publication of WO2004095313A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004095313A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
    • G06F16/24—Querying
    • G06F16/245—Query processing
    • G06F16/2455—Query execution
    • G06F16/24564—Applying rules; Deductive queries
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
    • G06F16/24—Querying
    • G06F16/242—Query formulation
    • G06F16/243—Natural language query formulation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
    • G06F16/24—Querying
    • G06F16/245—Query processing
    • G06F16/2452—Query translation
    • G06F16/24522—Translation of natural language queries to structured queries

Definitions

  • DE 101 03 845 AI proposes a data processing system.
  • This data processing system comprises a computer system with means for storing data. Furthermore, the data processing system has a query unit for determining output variables or search results with access to the stored data.
  • the data are assigned to predefined classes which are part of at least one stored class structure which forms an object model. So-called ontologies are often used as the object model.
  • the classes are assigned attributes that are inherited within a class structure. Attributes are characteristics of a class.
  • the class "person” can have the attribute "hair color", for example. This attribute is assigned different values (called “attribute values”) for different specific people (called “instances”), e.g. B. brown, blonde, black, etc.
  • the query unit contains an inference unit, by means of which rules can be evaluated, by means of which predetermined classes and / or attributes are linked. This makes it possible to find information that was not described by the search terms.
  • the inference unit even makes it possible to generate new information by linking individual statements that was not explicitly contained in the data, but can only be inferred from the data.
  • the query unit can be used to enter query terms as input variables, which are not only those of the stored ones
  • abraham one. sarah: woman. isaac: man [fatherls-> abraham; motherIs-> sarah]. ishmael: man [fatherls-> abraham; motherIs-> hagar: woman]. jacob: man [fatherls-> isaac; motherls-> rebekah: woman]. esau: ma [fatherls-> isaac; motherls-> rebekah].
  • F-logic is recognizably also suitable as a language to formulate a class structure.
  • the ontology languages RDF, DAML + OIL and OWL are preferably used to define class structures.
  • a query takes the form of a rule, but without the rule header on the left.
  • the disadvantage here is that the user must be aware of the elements of the class structure that can be queried, so that the user can enter such elements via predetermined input formats in order to be able to carry out a search in a database of the data processing system.
  • the elements of the class structure are classes, attributes, synonyms, relations, that is, relationships between elements or assignments, in short all that is used to build the object model or class structure.
  • the object of the invention is to simplify the carrying out of extensive searches in large databases as much as possible.
  • a data processing system is proposed with an information generation unit for storing or generating data forming a database.
  • the information generation unit is in particular formed by a storage unit for storing data. In general, it can also be formed by information-generating systems such as sensors.
  • Both a stand-alone computer and a network of computers, for example an in-house, closed network, or computers which are connected to one another via the Internet can be considered as data processing system.
  • the data processing system can be implemented by a client-server constellation, parts of the invention running on the server and others on a client.
  • the data processing system has a computer unit for generating an object model, in particular an ontology, consisting of a class structure, the data being structurable using the object model.
  • An object model with a class structure is thus assigned to the database.
  • the object model includes rules that contain statements about relationships.
  • the rules form a declarative system. This means that the rules can be evaluated regardless of their order.
  • relations generally belong to the object model, i. H. Information about relationships between different elements of the class structure. For example, a relation can indicate that a city is "in" a country, or that person X is married to person Y.
  • the individual data in the database are arranged in the data structure by means of a link. If the data is in the form of a table, for example, the link is typically made by the table corresponding to a class. The rows or column headings of the table correspond to the attributes of the class. The values that the attributes assume for a specific data record can then be found in the fields of the table.
  • the data stock is structured in a predetermined manner, whereby the elements of the class structure can function as part of data queries in addition to the data of the data stock itself.
  • the data processing system has an input / output unit for entering a data query and for outputting responses to the data query, and an inference unit for evaluating data queries.
  • the inference unit uses the rules belonging to the object model to evaluate the data query in order to find information that is not explicitly available. Since the rules form a declarative system, the result of evaluating the rules is independent of the order in which the rules are specified.
  • a dialog system is provided as an input / output unit, via which natural-language sentence sequences can be entered as input variables from which the data queries are derived automatically.
  • the data processing system preferably has a unit for translating the natural language sentence sequences into a data query format, which can be processed by the inference unit for evaluating the data query.
  • this translation unit consists of a system for analyzing or parsing natural language texts.
  • the translation unit only contains a system for identifying certain key terms in the natural language inputs. Structured queries for the inference unit are generated in a predetermined manner from the key terms.
  • a set of permissible sentence types may be stored in the translation unit, with which the input variables are compared. If a record is entered that cannot be assigned to any of the saved record types, an error message is output via the dialog system so that the user can change the input size. Preferably the error message already gives an indication of the type of error, which gives the user an indication of how he has to change the input size.
  • a major advantage of the data processing system according to the invention is that natural language sentence sequences can be entered via the dialog system for performing searches in a database.
  • An operator of the data processing system can therefore carry out searches in the data stock with freely formulated input variables without adhering to specified input formats and without knowledge of programming languages.
  • the class structure is preferably designed such that the individual elements of the classes have attributes and / or
  • Synonyms are assigned. This significantly extends the research options. Synonyms can also be assigned to the attributes. Furthermore, synonyms can also be assigned to the data in the database itself. The synonym structures can be designed as so-called meta attributes, which are assigned to predefined classes of the class structure.
  • the object model or the class structure can advantageously be changed, as can the rules belonging to the class structure.
  • the class structure and rules can be expanded to map the data in more detail and to expand the research options or to make them more precise.
  • a changed object model can provide additional searchable terms that can be entered by the user as input variables. In this way, the usability of the data processing system is significantly expanded.
  • the natural language sentences forming the input variables can contain terms or relations which contain fuzzy relationships such as, for example, "inexpensive”, "a little far from”. Such terms or relations are processed using rules and thus converted into precisely defined relationships, on the basis of which the data in the database are researched.
  • the term “inexpensive” can typically be converted into a rule “price less than X” and the relationship entered “a little far away” into a rule “distance less than Y”, where X and Y are predetermined quantities.
  • An associated rule could e.g. B. read:
  • a user enters a sequence of sentences or questions as input variables for carrying out a search
  • the history of this sequence is also tracked and recorded in the data processing system. This enables the user to gradually approach the desired search result in an interactive dialog using the dialog system. For example, he can first search for a flight to the sea in a flight database. If, as a result, cities are too far away for him, he can use a vague term to formulate a restriction in a second question that the cities would be too far away for him.
  • An advantage of the data processing system according to the invention is that the implementation of the object model and of the dialog system is independent of the storage unit on which the database is stored.
  • a wide variety of information sources, such as databases at different locations and in particular information from the Internet, can thus be used as a database for the data processing system according to the invention.
  • the current temperature of a city can be an attribute of the class "Cities” with the further attribute "hatName”.
  • the specific values of these attributes can be detected by a sensor or they can be read in by an internet service.
  • a possible rule would then be:
  • a city is defined as “warm” if its current temperature is more than 28 ° C.
  • the data stock can be formed from the data of a company, in particular its products, new developments and marketing data.
  • the data stock can also be formed from data from several companies.
  • the scope of the invention includes a computer program that executes the method according to the invention in one of its configurations when it runs on a computer or computer network.
  • the scope of the invention includes a computer program with program code means in order to carry out the method according to the invention in one of its configurations when the program is executed on a computer or computer network.
  • the program code means can be stored on a computer-readable data carrier.
  • the scope of the invention includes a data carrier on which a data structure is stored which, after loading into a working and / or main memory of a computer or computer network, can carry out the method according to the invention in one of its configurations.
  • the scope of the invention also includes a computer program product with program code means stored on a machine-readable carrier in order to carry out the method according to the invention in one of its configurations when the program is executed on a computer or computer network.
  • a computer program product is understood to mean the program as a tradable product. In principle, it can be in any form, for example on paper or a computer-readable data carrier, and can in particular be distributed over a data transmission network.
  • the scope of the invention includes a modulated data signal which contains instructions that can be executed by a computer system or computer network for executing a method according to one of the preceding method claims.
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of a class structure for the data processing system according to FIG. 1.
  • the data processing system 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of the data processing system 1 according to the invention.
  • the data processing system 1 has two storage units 2, 2 'as information generation units, on which a database is stored. Furthermore, sensors providing data or other data supplying units can be provided as information generation units. The number of storage units 2 on which the database is stored can be selected as desired.
  • the storage units 2 can be formed by database systems, file systems and the like.
  • the first storage unit 2 consists of a database system of a travel agency, on which data about travel, in particular air travel, are stored as a database.
  • the second storage unit 2 ' is formed by databases accessible via the Internet, on which further data from the database are stored, e.g. B. Current temperature data of different cities.
  • a server 3 is assigned to the storage units 2, 2 ', via which the data stored in the storage units 2, 2' are accessed.
  • a computer unit 4 is assigned to this server 3.
  • the computer unit 4 has a processor system on which a first software module 5 is implemented, by means of which an object model forming an ontology can be generated. Furthermore, the computer unit 4 has a further software module 5 ', which forms an inference unit for evaluating data queries.
  • the computer unit 4 has a dialog system 6, which has the function of an input / output unit.
  • the dialog system 6 preferably has a terminal, not shown separately, via which data can be input and output.
  • the dialog system 6 has its own processor system.
  • the dialog system 6 can use the processor system of the computing unit 4.
  • the dialog system 6 can thus be part of the computer unit 4 or form a separate unit.
  • Part of the dialog system 6 is a translation unit (not shown) which can translate natural language sentence sequences into a data query format, preferably F-logic queries, which can be processed by the inference unit.
  • a translation unit (not shown) which can translate natural language sentence sequences into a data query format, preferably F-logic queries, which can be processed by the inference unit.
  • the data of the database is structured using the object model installed on the computer unit 4. It is essential here that the data is structured solely by specifying the object model, so that no interventions in the structures of the data stock on the storage units 2, 2 'are necessary.
  • the database on the storage units 2 can be, for example, a database on an SQL server. This remains unchanged.
  • the object model merely creates a class structure with attributes, synonyms and rules and refers to the data in database 2.
  • the data stored in the first storage unit 2 are, for example, travel data. A data record for a flight is defined by the start and destination airport, the travel time and the price. It may also include information about a hotel that may have been booked with the flight.
  • a geographic model is also generated, which is shown as an example in FIG. 2.
  • the hierarchical structure consists of classes and subclasses.
  • the "States” class is subordinate to the "Continents” class.
  • the "States” class is subordinate to the "Regions” class.
  • the "Cities” class is subordinate to the "Regions” class.
  • the data of the data stored in the first storage unit 2 are assigned to this class structure as so-called instances. If the data in the first memory unit 2 is in the form of a table, the link is made in that a table corresponds to a class, and the rows or column headings of a table correspond to the attributes of the class.
  • Las Palmas is assigned as an instance of the "City” class. According to the class structure this instance is also associated with the "Canary Islands” region as an instance of the parent class'regions' '. Furthermore, the regulation for the class "state”, in which it is defined that Las Palmas is located in Spain as an instance of the class "state”. Finally, the assignment is made that Spain is located in Europe as an instance of the "continent" class.
  • the geographical model according to FIG. 2 contains, as further components, "seas” and “mountains” as landscape forms, which each form separate classes.
  • the classes of the class structure are assigned attributes that are passed on within a class structure.
  • the simplest attribute in the example considered is the attribute "hatName" or "Name”.
  • the instance assigned to this attribute then specifies the name of the state, the region, etc.
  • attributes can be used to assign certain properties to certain classes.
  • Synonyms are defined as a special case of such attributes.
  • synonyms for the name of attributes can be assigned. For example, instead of the attribute "lies" for one
  • TeilVon can also be used for the attribute.
  • synonyms for the name of the class itself can be defined.
  • the "State” class can be assigned the meta attribute "Country” as a synonym, or the "Seas” class can be assigned the meta attribute "Oceans” as a synonym.
  • These attributes are referred to as so-called meta attributes.
  • synonyms can also be defined at the level of instances, i.e. data.
  • the instance "Canary Islands”, which belongs to the class “Regions”, can be assigned the synonym "Canaries”.
  • FIG. 2 contains “climate profiles” and “longitude and latitude”, which are preferably assigned as attributes to the “cities” class.
  • the data assigned to these attributes are stored in the second storage unit 2 '. These data are preferably available on the Internet.
  • the class structure defined in this way is not fixed, but can be expanded and supplemented if necessary or even replaced by a new class structure. Since the class structure is defined by a software module, the class structure for structuring the stored data can be changed in a simple manner by suitable programming.
  • the following natural language sentence sequence is entered by a user as input variable: "I would like to fly to the sea for a week on March 29th”.
  • the translation unit extracts the following key terms from this: "03/29”, "a week” and "to the sea”. Since the example in question is a flight database, the word “fly” does not have to be recognized. In the case of a more general travel database, the sentence entered would also be searched for such a keyword.
  • the three keywords found can easily be identified by their format or by comparison with a few examples:
  • Destination is by the sea.
  • the translation unit uses this to generate the following F-logic request:
  • FORALL X ⁇ - X Region [liesAm-> Sea].
  • FORALL X, Y ⁇ - X Region and X [hatstadt-> Y].
  • the list of regions is further processed in such a way that all cities in the flight database which are located in these regions are output. These are - since it is a flight database - only cities with airports.
  • the translation unit extracts the keywords "further away” from it.
  • An F logic request is formed from this, namely:
  • the attributes "Longitude and Latitude" for cities in the previously selected regions can be used to determine the distance to the travel destinations.
  • the user is then shown a selection of travel destinations in the previously selected regions as the output variable, the distance of which lies above a predetermined limit value. Finally, if the user enters an additional input variable: "I want to go to the Canary Islands", the synonym structures defined in the geographical model recognize that the region of the Canary Islands is desired as the travel destination.
  • the user can then make the desired booking on the basis of the destinations on the Canary Islands which are then output, and depending on the design of the dialog system 6, the user can alternatively be offered a booking of an air travel with or without a hotel booking.
  • a user formulates the input variable: "I want to climb and swim on vacation”.
  • the system has a database in which keywords and, if applicable, their synonyms can also be found as wildcards (e.g. "kletter *"), as well as the respective translation into an F-logic query or the associated assignment an element of the class structure from which a suitable F-logic query can be generated.
  • keywords and, if applicable, their synonyms can also be found as wildcards (e.g. "kletter *"), as well as the respective translation into an F-logic query or the associated assignment an element of the class structure from which a suitable F-logic query can be generated.
  • the user is shown a suitable holiday region as output variable, for example Corsica.
  • the region of Lake Garda for example, can be displayed to the user as a travel region similar to Corsica.
  • the user can also carry out searches with generally and vaguely formulated queries, for example in order to book a trip.
  • the advantage here is that he does not have to specify a specific travel destination exactly as in known database systems, but can carry out the research independently of the data formats of the data stored in the travel agency.
  • a subset of the data stock is preferably output via the dialog system 6 as the output variable.
  • the user can enter a sequence of several input variables into the dialog system 6, with a corresponding output variable preferably being output for each input variable.
  • the history of the user inputs is recorded in that the input variables of the sequence are linked with AND links. This ensures that information found during research is not lost.
  • Data processing system Storage unit for data 'Storage unit for data server computer unit
  • Software module for generating the object model' Inf erence unit dialog system

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computational Linguistics (AREA)
  • Data Mining & Analysis (AREA)
  • Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Information Retrieval, Db Structures And Fs Structures Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de traitement de données (1) comportant au moins une unité (2) pour stocker des données. Lesdites données sont structurées par un modèle objet. Une unité d'interférence servant entre autres à régler le modèle objet est utilisée pour évaluer des demandes de données, afin de décrypter des informations cachées. Il est prévu comme unité d'entrée/de sortie, un système de dialogue (6) par l'intermédiaire duquel des séquences d'enregistrements vocaux naturels peuvent être introduites. Le système de dialogue (6) comporte une unité pour traduire les séquences d'enregistrements vocaux naturels en un format de demande de données, qui peut être traité par l'unité d'interférence. Des utilisateurs peuvent ainsi formuler des demandes dans un langage naturel pouvant être évaluées de manière très exhaustive par le système.
PCT/EP2004/004136 2003-04-19 2004-04-19 Systeme de traitement de donnees pour recherches conviviales dans une bande de donnees WO2004095313A1 (fr)

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DE10318333.7 2003-04-19

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WO2006114299A2 (fr) * 2005-04-28 2006-11-02 Ontoprise Gmbh Editeur de regles graphique

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006114299A2 (fr) * 2005-04-28 2006-11-02 Ontoprise Gmbh Editeur de regles graphique
WO2006114299A3 (fr) * 2005-04-28 2007-08-23 Ontoprise Gmbh Editeur de regles graphique

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