WO2004093715A1

WO2004093715A1 - Dental pin implant

Info

Publication number: WO2004093715A1
Application number: PCT/KR2004/000900
Authority: WO
Inventors: Sung-Bok Lee
Original assignee: Sung-Bok Lee
Priority date: 2003-04-22
Filing date: 2004-04-20
Publication date: 2004-11-04
Also published as: TW200500043A; TWI291869B; KR100564096B1; KR20040091874A

Abstract

Provided is a dental pin implant including an abutment part in an upper portion of the dental pin implant, to which a dental prosthesis is fixed, and having a flat surface portion at one side thereof, in which a half-rounded depression is formed, and a groove formed at a rear side opposite to the flat surface portion, a fixture part in a lower portion of the dental pin implant including an upper portion having a thread portion and a rod type lower portion and placed in a jawbone, and a transmucosal part connecting the abutment part and the fixture part.

Description

DENTAL PIN IMPLANT

Technical Field

[1] The present invention relates to a dental implant, and more particularly, to a temporary pin implant for dental use and a permanent pin implant for an anterior teeth region, which can be conveniently and quickly operated.

Background Art

[2] In general, a dental implant for an artificial tooth refers to a metal structure having a root shape of a tooth which is placed in an area of a jawbone where a tooth is partially or entirely lost in a mouth and then integrated into the jawbone. Dental implants are disclosed in Korean Patent No. 135235 and Korean Patent Publication No. 1999-009886.

[3] The Implant can be classified into a subperiosteal implant, an endosseous implant, and a transosteal implant according to the position of implantation. Also, the implant can be classified into a threaded implant, and a cylindrical implant according to the shape of the implant. Since the implant does not require grinding neighboring teeth and prevents absorption of alveolar bone where a natural tooth is lost, it can produce a functionally and esthetically superior dental prosthesis. Also, the implant is advantageous in that it has no possibility of being detached during talking, laughing, or eating unlike a denture. Therefore, the implant is being adopted as one of new dental treatment options and gradually spreads worldwide.

[4] Most dental implants presently employed with success are resulted from the concept of osseointergration which has not been proved tissue microscopically until 1960s. FIG. 1 shows the process of a typical employed implant operation method. The typical method consists of a first operation to place a main implant and a second operation to expose the main implant. For edentulous jaw patients having no teeth or patients who lost many teeth and has a wide range of a defective region, since functional and esthetical determents are necessitated over three to six months after an implant placement, the patients must endure various side effects due to malnutrition for a long time until a dental prosthesis is finally mounted. Also, during a healing period, there is a problem of a failure of initial fixation due to an excessive loading of the implants or early mounting of a dental prosthesis for esthetic use, or the implant being exposed.

[5] Accordingly, it is an important project in a dental implant field to reduce a healing period after an implant placement so that a number of studies and animal tests and clinical demonstrations have been carried out. However, since these methods are not made clear scientifically, it is inappropriate yet to clinically apply the methods to a human body.

[6] As a method to solve the problem of a long treatment period after an implant placement, a method of using a temporary implant has been suggested. According to the method, a temporary implant is placed at the same time during an implant operation, and a temporary restoration is mounted on the temporary implant. Thus, the temporary implant is used as a temporary artificial tooth functioning as a tooth until a permanent implant is completely fixed.

[7] Stuart F. et al disclosed a temporary implant which is referred to as a transitional implant (Stuart F., Shahram E., Mitchell JB., Jeff ery S., Tarnow DP.: The use of Transitional Implants for Immediate Hxed Temporary Prostheses in Cases of Implant Restorations, Pract Periodont Aesthet Dent 1998;10(6):7370746 ). However, the transitional implant is inappropriate to be used temporarily because a fixture portion is entirely threaded, an abutment portion has a so complicated shape to temporarily mount an upper structure, and a lot of time and technique are required to operate. Also, the transitional implant increases a cost and operation time because more number of implants are needed for Orientals including Korean than Westerners since the transitional implant is mechanically weak to be adopted to eating habits of Korean.

[8] As one of the methods to solve the problem of a long treatment period after an implant placement, there is a method of using the implant immediately after the placement. There are many reports disclosing that, when loading is applied immediately after an implant placement, fibrous tissues are formed on the interface between the implant surface and a bone. However, there is a research report revealing that, when loading is applied immediately after an implant placement in a good quality bone, the same level of osseointergration as that of an implant operated in the conventional method can be obtained (Tarnow DP, Emtiaz S, Classi A, Immediate Loading of Threaded Implants at Stage 1 Surgery in Edentulous Arches, Ten Consecutive Case Reports with 1 to 5 Year Data, Int J Oral Maxillofac Impl, 1997; 12(3):319-324). Basically, the result of the research can be questioned in relation to the shape of a surface, initial fixation, and endosseous stability of a mainly used implant. That is, since an implant has a threaded shape and a rough surface, it is questionable whether a certain degree of initial stability obtained from a bone can correspond to immediate loading after an implant placement, without forming fibrous tissues at interface between the implant surface and the bone. Although some positive possibilities have been reported as to applying loading immediately after an implant placement, through several animal tests, transferring the histological result of the research to a human body must be attended to carefully. Disclosure of Invention

Technical Solution

[9] To solve the above and other problems, it is an object of the present invention to provide a pin implant which can be conveniently and quickly operated.

[10] It is another object of the present invention to provide a cap for manufacturing a crown mounted on an abutment portion of the pin implant and having a hole opened corresponding to a half-rounded depression on a flat surface portion of the abutment part.

[11] According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a dental pin implant comprising an abutment part in an upper portion of the dental pin implant, to which a dental prosthesis is fixed, a fixture part in a lower portion of the dental pin implant including an upper portion having a thread portion and a rod type lower portion and placed in a jawbone, and a transmucosal part connecting the abutment part and the fixture part.

[12] According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a dental pin implant comprising an abutment part in an upper portion of the dental pin implant, to which a dental prosthesis is fixed, and having a flat surface portion at one side thereof, in which a half-rounded depression is formed, and a groove formed at a rear side opposite to the flat surface portion, a fixture part in a lower portion of the dental pin implant placed in a jawbone, and a transmucosal part connecting the abutment part and the fixture part.

[13] According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a cap for manufacturing a crown mounted on the abutment part of one of the above implants and having a hole opened corresponding to the half-rounded depression of the flat surface portion of the abutment part.

Description of Drawings

[14] FIG. 1 is a view showing the process of a typically employed implant operation method;

[15] FIG. 2 is a magnified front view of a pin implant according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[16] FIG. 3 is a magnified rear view of the pin implant of FIG. 2; [17] FIG. 4 is a magnified front perspective view of the pin implant of FIG. 2;

[18] FIG. 5 is a magnified rear perspective view of the pin implant of FIG. 2;

[19] FIG. 6 is a magnified front view showing the shape and size of a thread of a thread portion corresponding to an upper portion of an artificial tooth root portion of the pin implant of FIG. 2;

[20] FIG. 7 is a magnified perspective view showing a state in which a cap is separated from an abutment portion of the pin implant of FIG. 2;

[21] FIG. 8 is a magnified front view showing a state in which the cap is mounted on the abutment part of the pin implant of FIG. 2; and

[22] FIG. 9 is a vertical sectional view of an abutment part according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Best Mode

[23] A dental pin implant according to the present invention has an abutment part and a fixture part which are integrally formed. A tranmucosal part is formed between the abutment portion and the fixture portion.

[24] The abutment portion corresponds to the top portion of an integrated implant and protrudes outside gum when the implant is placed in a jawbone. One side of the abutment part has a flat surface portion and the flat surface portion has a half-rounded depression. A groove may be formed in a rear surface of the flat surface portion.

[25] The half-rounded depression formed in the flat surface portion is stably coupled to a cap for manufacturing a crown. The half-rounded depression preferably has a diameter of 0.5 to 1.0 mm.

[26] The groove formed at the rear surface of the flat surface portion is a groove for catching a screwdriver. By using the groove, the flat surface on the abutment part, and the screwdriver, the implant can be easily placed in the jawbone and fixed thereto.

[27] The present invention provides a cap for manufacturing an artificial tooth mounted on an abutment part and having a hole opened corresponding to a half-rounded depression of a flat surface portion of the abutment part. The cap is capped over the abutment part and the hole of the cap and the half-rounded depression of the abutment part are filled with dental resin so that the cap can be fixed to the abutment part. Thus, without using dental adhesive cement, a temporary prosthesis can be mounted on the abutment part within a short time as soon as the temporary prosthesis is manufactured, and maintained thereon as it is.

[28] The fixture part of the dental pin implant according to the present invention consists of a thread type upper portion and a rod type lower portion. The fixture portion corresponds to the lowermost portion of an integral type implant and placed in a jawbone. Since the lower portion of the fixture part of the pin implant according to the present invention is of a rod type not of a thread type, when the pin implant is placed in the jawbone, the rod type lower portion of the fixture part can be quickly and conveniently pushed into the jawbone, compared to an implant in which a fixture portion is entirely threaded. After the rod type lower fixture part is placed in the jawbone, the thread type upper fixture part is placed in the jawbone by using a screwdriver so that the implant can be stably fixed to the jawbone. That is, unlike a typical transitional implant, since the fixture part of the pin implant according to the present invention is partially threaded, not entirely, the pin implant can be stably placed quickly and conveniently.

[29] The pin implant has a transmucosal part which is disposed corresponding to gum when an implant is placed. The transmucosal part is preferably capable of bending so that directions of several pin implants can be adjusted after the pin implant is placed.

[30] The dental pin implant can be used as a temporary implant or a permanent implant according to the surface processing of the fixture part. When the surface of the fixture part is smooth, the pin implant can be used as a temporary implant. In contrast, when the surface of the fixture part is rough, the pin implant can be used as a permanent implant. In the permanent pin implant placed in a tooth lost area and needing permanent osseointergration, since the surface of the fixture part including the threaded portion is rough, the permanent pin implant can be permanently and stably coupled to the jawbone.

[31] The fixture part is processed in a blasting method to have a rough surface. A number of crater-like depressions having a very small size which provide roughness to the surface are formed on the surface in the blasting method. The diameter of each of the depressions is preferably between 2.0 and 10.0 /an. To make the depresions, the surface is processed in the blasting method using a tricalcium phosphate powder (TCP) or Al O powder having an irregular diameter between 30 and 200 mm.

2 3

[32] The temporary pin implant and the permanent pin implant can be manufactured of a material typically used in the manufacture of dental implants, for example, commercial pure titanium (CPT) or titanium alloy. [33] The diameter of a horizontal section of the fixture part of the temporary pin implant and the permanent pin implant may be within a range of the diameter of a typical implant, preferably between 2.0 and 3.0 mm. [34] The permanent pin implant can be used for an anterior teeth portion. Since the diameter of a conventional permanent pin implant for an anterior teeth region is between 3.3 and 3.8 mm, the conventional permanent pin implant is too thick to be used for an anterior teeth region of a lower jawbone and a lateral incisor region of an upper jawbone. Thus, when the amount of a remaining bone is too small, placement of the implant is difficult or an esthetically instable result is caused. However, the diameter of the permanent pin implant according to the present invention is between 2 and 3 mm, which is relatively thin, so that the permanent pin implant can be used in the anterior teeth region of a lower jawbone and the lateral incisor region of an upper jawbone.

[35] An embodiment of the present invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiment described below is to show one of examples and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[36] FIG. 2 is a magnified front view of a pin implant according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a magnified rear view of the pin implant of FIG. 2.

[37] As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a pin implant 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an abutment part 2 having a flat surface portion 8 at one side surface thereof, a half-rounded depression 9 formed on the flat surface portion 8, and a groove 10 for catching a screw driver formed on an opposite side of the flat surface portion 8, a fixture part 4 having a thread type upper portion 5 and a rod type lower portion 6, and a transmucosal part 3 connecting the abutment part 2 and the fixture part 4. FIGS. 4 and 5 are front and rear perspective views of the pin implant of FIG. 2.

[38] The abutment part 2 has the flat surface portion 8 at one side thereof and the half- rounded depression 9 is formed on the flat surface portion 8. The groove 10 is formed at the side opposite to the flat surface portion. The groove at the rear side makes an implant easily placed in the jawbone using a screw driver. The fact that abutment part 2 has the flat surface portion 8 at one side thereof and the flat surface portion 8 has the half-rounded depression 9, is necessary for mounting of the crown manufacturing cap. The crown manufacturing cap before and after being coupled to the implant 1 are shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, respectively.

[39] The shape of the abutment part 2 can be changed as shown in FIG. 9. FIG. 9 is a vertical sectional view of an abutment part according to another embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, only the outer shape of the abutment portion 2 in the previous embodiment is changed to facilitate attachment of a dental prosthesis. Thus, the abutment portion of FIG. 9 is the same as that of the previous embodiment in that it has the flat surface portion at one side thereof, the half-rounded depression in the flat surface portion, the groove formed in the rear side thereof, which correspond to the characteristic features of the abutment part according to the present invention.

[40] FIG. 7 is a magnified perspective view showing a state in which a cap is separated from an abutment part of the pin implant of FIG. 2. FIG. 8 is a magnified front view showing a state in which the cap is mounted on the abutment part of the pin implant of FIG. 2.

[41] A cap 7 for manufacturing a crown according to the present invention is coupled to the abutment part 2 and has a hole 11 opened corresponding to the half-rounded depression 9 of the flat surface portion 8. When the crown manufacturing cap 7 is mounted on the abutment part 2 of the implant 1, as shown in FIG. 8, the half-rounded depression 9 of the flat surface portion 8 of the abutment part 2 is disposed to match the hole 11 of the crown manufacturing cap 7. After the crown manufacturing cap 7 is mounted, the hole 11 formed in the crown manufacturing cap 7 and the half-rounded depression 9 of the abutment part 2 of the implant 1 are filled with dental resin and the resin is cured so that the crown manufacturing cap 7 can be fixed.

[42] The transmucosal part 3, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, preferably has a diameter less than the diameters of the abutment part 2 and the fixture part 4. Due to this structure, bending of the transmucosal part 3 is possible after the temporary pin implant 1 is placed. Such a bending feature can control the direction of a dental prosthesis installed after the placement of an implant.

[43] The thread portion of the fixture part 4 preferably has the shape and ranges as shown in FIG. 6. If the thread portion is out of a range of the shape and size, a force transferred to a bone during a mastication motion cannot be appropriately distributed within alveolar bone.

[44] The permanent pin implant for an anterior teeth portion according to the present invention is characteristic in that it has the same shape as that of the pin plant and the surfaces of the thread type upper portion and the rod type lower portion of the fixture part of the implant are formed to be rough.

Industrial Applicability

[45] According to the present invention, a temporary pin implant and a permanent pin implant which can be conveniently and quickly operated is provided.

Claims

[1] A dental pin implant comprising: an abutment part in an upper portion of the dental pin implant, to which a dental prosthesis is fixed; a fixture part in a lower portion of the dental pin implant including an upper portion having a thread portion and a rod type lower portion and placed in a jawbone; and a transmucosal part connecting the abutment part and the fixture part.

[2] A dental pin implant comprising: an abutment part in an upper portion of the dental pin implant, to which a dental prosthesis is fixed, and having a flat surface portion at one side thereof, in which a half-rounded depression is formed, and a groove formed at a rear side opposite to the flat surface portion; a fixture part in a lower portion of the dental pin implant placed in a jawbone; and a transmucosal part connecting the abutment part and the fixture part.

[3] The dental pin implant of either claim 1 or 2, wherein a surface of the fixture portion is smooth and the dental pin implant is used temporarily.

[4] The dental pin implant of either claim 1 or 2, wherein a surface of the fixture portion is rough and the dental pin implant is used permanently. [5] The dental pin implant of either claim 1 or 2, wherein a diameter of the half- rounded depression is substantially between 0.

5 and 1.0 mm.

[6] The dental pin implant of either claim 1 or 2, wherein a diameter of a sectional surface of the fixture portion is substantially between 2.0 and 3.0 mm.

[7] The dental pin implant of claim 4, wherein the roughness of the fixture part is formed as a number of crater-like small depressions are formed in a blasting method.

[8] The dental pin implant of claim 7, wherein a diameter of each of the crater-like small depressions is substantially between 2.0 and 10.0 /an.

[9] The dental pin implant of claim 4, wherein the pin implant is used for an anterior teeth region.

[10] The dental pin implant of either claim 1 or 2, wherein a diameter of the transmucosal part is smaller than diameters of the abutment part and the fixture part.

[11] The dental pin implant of claim 10, wherein the transmucosal part is capable of bending.

[12] A cap for manufacturing a crown mounted on the abutment part of the implant of claim 1 or claim 2 and having a hole opened corresponding to the half-rounded depression of the flat surface portion of the abutment part.