WO2004086559A1

WO2004086559A1 - Isotropic antenna

Info

Publication number: WO2004086559A1
Application number: PCT/JP2003/003835
Authority: WO
Inventors: Kiyoshi Yamamoto
Original assignee: Digital. Wave Co., Ltd.
Priority date: 2003-03-26
Filing date: 2003-03-26
Publication date: 2004-10-07
Also published as: AU2003227272A1

Abstract

An isotropic antenna where the radiation pattern is uniform in all directions. The isotropic antenna comprises a spool (11) of an electric insulator having conductor winding parts around three orthogonal axes. A conductor of nonmagnetic metal is wound, as a core material, around the bottom part at the winding part (12) of the spool in series or parallel. On the outer layer of the core material part, three systems of coil elements (14X, 14Y, 14Z) are formed using an insulated conductor of nonmagnetic metal and the coil elements (14X, 14Y, 14Z) wound independently around three axes are connected in series or parallel for the purpose of reception or transmission.

Description

Description Isotropic antenna Technical field

The present invention relates to an antenna for use in radio waves such as communication, broadcasting, remote control, and broadcasting reception, and more particularly to an antenna usable in each of ultra-long, long, medium, short, ultra-short, and ultra-short wave bands. It is. Background art

When transmitting radio waves with an antenna, a high-frequency current is applied to the antenna to emit a radio wave, and when receiving a radio wave, the high-frequency current obtained from the antenna is used. Except for directional antennas that need to obtain a directional antenna that concentrates the direction of energy action in a certain direction, it is often necessary to radiate radio waves evenly in all directions, except for directional antennas. Each radiation pattern has a considerable deviation, and even when displaying the gain of the antenna, it is usual to display the efficiency in a certain direction.

Also, for example, in communication using a standard dipole antenna, overcoming the deviation has been a difficult problem to solve. This problem can be solved to some extent by several methods.For example, a cross-dipole antenna can achieve quasi-omnidirectionality in a specific two-dimensional plane, but can achieve three-dimensional perfect omnidirectional performance. It is far from realizing. Conversely, loop antennas have established technology for detecting the direction of arrival of radio waves using this large deviation.

In the field of wireless engineering, gain is also used to indicate the gain of an antenna. In the display of gain, an isotropic antenna (as a mathematical concept obtained by replacing the radiation energy of a standard dipole antenna with a true sphere) is used. ISOTROPICANTENNA). However, until now, such antennas did not even exist in technical terms.

In the field of radio wave use, for example, measurement and communication, especially mobile communication Despite the desire for technology, conventional isotropic antennas have remained mere ideas, and antennas belonging to such categories in terms of functional classification have not been realized. .

In the principle aspect of the antenna, attention is paid only to the wave dynamics side of the electromagnetic wave energy. Assuming that the antenna causes electrical resonance (excitation) by the electromagnetic wave energy, the capacitance and the inductive are made equal to each other. In most cases, a displacement current was generated to exchange high-frequency current and electromagnetic waves. When designing such an antenna, it becomes a linear antenna having a length equivalent to 12 to 1 to 4 with respect to the length of the radio wave, generates a standing wave on the antenna, and has a certain frequency range. There was a fundamental restriction that it could only be used in

In particular, most antennas that emit (transmit) radio waves can suppress reflected waves only in the range of about 1 to 2% of the center frequency of the antenna.

If the scope is limited only to the field of reception, there is an example of a magnetic field antenna dedicated to contract (MAGNET I C ANTENNA) that directly obtains current from magnetic field energy. In this technology, a magnetic field coil is wound around a magnetic bobbin, and the magnetic field energy is used directly like an electric motor. This technology has been widely used in medium-wave radios. It is very difficult to receive high-frequency TV images from such an antenna because of the magnetic hysteresis, and it is difficult to suppress emitted waves when emitting radio waves. It was not offered.

On the other hand, there is an attempt to transmit a high-frequency high-frequency current to a simple loop coil with a high Q (charge) characteristic to cause a magnetic field wave to be transmitted. MAGNET IC SMALL L 00 PIC) Even in antennas, the transmission capacity is much less than the high SN performance at the time of reception, and compared to a tuned dipole antenna that obtains sufficient electric resonance (excitation). In terms of gain and efficiency, it is far from being possible. Furthermore, it is difficult to control the reflected wave due to the excessiveness and instability of the electrical characteristics (impedance), and it is expected that it will be extremely difficult to put it into practical use as a communication application.

After all, a small antenna that uses the magnetic field of electromagnetic wave energy There were only a few antennas that used coils wound on ferrites for radio reception.

Generally, an antenna using a magnetic field method is a promising method for reducing the size of an antenna in terms of antenna design technology. However, magnetic field antennas generally have a good SZN during reception, but none have omnidirectional performance, and they have not reached practical use in transmission, that is, emission of radio waves. It was an expert's consensus that the electric wire could be used to generate electrical vibration. For this reason, it has been common knowledge that the size of the antenna is at least about 1/4 wavelength horizontally or vertically in order to obtain sufficient gain, at a minimum. Also, for vertical antennas for broadcasting and other purposes, a great deal of effort was required in order to avoid the problem of high launch angles of radio waves and short reach, and to suppress reflected waves. Disclosure of the invention

The present invention has been made by paying attention to the above points, and an object thereof is to realize a three-dimensionally complete isotropic antenna on both a horizontal plane and a vertical plane. Another object of the present invention is to provide an antenna that is compact, can be used in a wide band, and can be used not only for receiving broadcasts, but also for broadcasting and communication, and has an excellent ability to emit radio waves. It is.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides an isotropic antenna having a uniform radiation pattern in all directions, is made of an electrical insulator, and is formed by winding a conductor around three mutually orthogonal axes. It has a winding frame having a winding portion, and is wound in series or in parallel with the base of the winding portion of the winding frame using a conductive wire made of a non-magnetic metal as a core material, and a non-magnetic material is formed on the outer layer of the core material portion. Using an insulated conductive wire made of metal, three coil elements are formed respectively, and the above-mentioned coil elements that are all independently wound around three axes are connected to each other in series or in parallel, A means for receiving or transmitting is adopted.

Here, the radiation pattern refers to a pattern in which the radiation directivity is shown in the form of intensity in the direction when the electromagnetic field of the antenna has a specific directional characteristic and is called radiation directivity. For example, it is well known that the radiation pattern of the electric field in the direction of the antenna element of a small dipole antenna has the shape of a figure eight consisting of two circles. If the directional characteristics are uniform not only in a specific plane but in all directions, The invention calls it isotropic (I SOTRO PIC), and omni-directional (OMNI DI RET IONAL) or non-directional, which indicates that a certain plane has a uniform direction. different.

The isotropic antenna according to the present invention has a winding frame having a winding portion of a conductive wire around three axes orthogonal to each other, and a conductive wire made of a nonmagnetic metal is provided around the winding frame. The core material is wound in series or in parallel with the base of the winding part of the bobbin, and the outer layer of the core material is wound with an insulated conductive wire made of a non-magnetic metal. The bobbin can be made of any electrical insulator, but, for example, a plastic material used for electrical products can be suitably used. The base line wound around the base of the winding part of the bobbin shall not generate standing waves.

As for the insulated conductor, three systems are wound to form three systems of coil elements. In other words, the Earth is on the Greenwich meridian (about the X axis), on the meridian corresponding to the date change line (about the Y axis), and on the maximum parallel (Z Around the axis) is the winding part of the coil element around three axes orthogonal to each other. An insulated conducting wire made of a nonmagnetic metal such as a light metal such as a stranded wire or a single wire is wound around the wound portion to form an antenna coil composed of three independent coil elements that are orthogonal to each other. Each coil element is connected to each other in series or parallel, and is configured to supply power collectively during transmission and receive power during reception. The depth and width of the winding portion of the coil element should be in the range of 1 to 2 to 16, preferably 1/3 to 1/8 (most preferably 1/4), relative to the diameter of the bobbin. . The winding part may be in the form of a groove, in which case, an insulated insulated wire of the outer insulation type is provided in the coil element receiving groove in series or parallel as a base line so as to cover most of the bottom of the coil element receiving groove. Wind as a coil element.

The isotropic antenna of the present invention, comprising a winding frame and an antenna coil independently wound around three mutually orthogonal axes using insulated conductors, has a part or all of the outer periphery of the antenna body in the case. Can be accommodated. The case has a cubic shape, a cylindrical shape, a bell-shaped shape whose upper half is spherical, or a spherical shape, and is provided so that at least a part of the coil element of the antenna body is in close contact with the inner surface of the case. Among them However, it is particularly desirable to use a ball-type case that is in close contact type or a bell shape that is partially in close contact type (see Figs. 4 and 6). In this case, the intention is to shield the noise at the time of reception, and it has the effect and effect of stably increasing the output at the time of transmission. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

【Figure 1】

(a) Front view of a bobbin used for the isotropic antenna of the present invention.

(b) The same top view.

(c) Side view.

【Figure 2】

(a) The top view which shows the state which wound the base line around the winding frame.

(b) The top view which shows the example of the isotropic antenna of this invention which wound the insulated conductor on the winding frame.

(c) The same perspective view.

[Figure 3]

FIG. 2 is a perspective view for explaining an example of electrical coupling and the overall structure of the antenna according to the present invention.

[Fig. 4]

(a) A front view showing an example of an antenna of the present invention combined with a case.

(b) Similarly, a bottom view.

[Figure 5]

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the antenna of the present invention housed in a spherical case and its mounting portion.

[Fig. 6]

(a) Side view of the antenna of the present invention housed in a bell-shaped case.

(b) The same top view.

[Fig. 7]

The figure which shows the three-dimensional pattern (radiation characteristic) of the antenna of this invention.

[Fig. 8]

FIG. 8 is a three-dimensional pattern diagram similar to FIG. 7 in different frequency ranges.

[Fig. 9] 5 is a graph showing changes in SWR change in the VHF band.

[Figure 10]

5 is a graph showing a change in impedance change in the VHF band.

[Fig. 11]

5 is a graph showing a change in SWR change in an HF band.

[Fig.12]

5 is a graph showing a change in impedance dance in the HF band.

[Fig.13]

5 is a graph showing a change in electric field strength output when the antenna of the present invention is used as a TV receiving antenna.

[Fig.14]

(a) A graph comparing the performance of an antenna of the present invention with a dipole indoor antenna using a TV broadcast receiving antenna. '

(b) Graph similar to FIG. 12 (a) at different reception positions.

[Fig.15]

Graph showing the antenna receiving capability of the present invention (50 to 100 MHZ range by frequency

).

[Fig. 16]

(a) The figure which showed the position and method when attaching the antenna of this invention to a motor vehicle.

(b) An enlarged view of the main part.

[Fig.17]

The figure which showed the position at the time of attaching the antenna of this invention to an aircraft, and the method.

Explanation of reference numerals

1 1 Reel

12 Coil winding part

14X, 14Y, 14 Ζ Coil element

15 Coil element integrated terminal

17 Upper shield case

18 Lower shield case 2 0 Bell-shaped shield case

2 5 Stopper Best mode for carrying out the invention

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the illustrated embodiments. In each figure, reference numeral 11 denotes a spherical winding frame made of an electrical insulator, and 12 denotes a coil winding portion, which is provided in a groove shape around three axes orthogonal to each other on the winding frame. It has a groove with a width and depth of 14 in the frame diameter ratio. Reference numeral 13 denotes a base line, which is formed by winding a conductive wire made of a nonmagnetic metal as a core material in series or parallel around the base of the winding part 12. 14 X, 14 Y, and 14 で are coil elements, and are wound around three mutually orthogonal axes. 15 is a coil element integrated terminal, and 16 is a coil element lead wire, which is connected to the integrated connection.

4 and 5, reference numeral 17 denotes an upper shield case, and reference numeral 18 denotes a lower shield case, which can accommodate the isotropic antenna body of the present invention together with the upper shield case 17. When the antenna is housed, the outer surface of the antenna element coil element is in close contact with the inner surface of the case.

The case may be a bell-shaped shield case 20 in which only the upper part is adhered and the lower part is not adhered as shown in FIG. In addition, 21 is a bottom forming material, 22 is a plastic insulating duct, 23 is an output connector, and 24 is a bottom mounting member.

In the equivalent part of the antenna body, an integrated terminal 15 for taking out or inputting three high-frequency currents is provided, and the output or input from the coil elements 14 X, 14 Υ, 14 Ζ is integrated there, and from there A pair of coil element leads 16 are led and connected to the integrated connection via the bottom forming material 21. On the other hand, the close contact cases 17 and 18 for accommodating the antenna body of the present invention are hermetically connected by the stopper 25. Also, when replacing with a bell-shaped shield case 20, basically, an output connector 13 is provided in a plastic insulated duct 22 that holds a coil element lead wire 16, and connected to an external cable 19.

In the antenna of the present invention, the current generated in each of the three coil elements follows the vector composition of the radio wave energy arriving from each direction axis, so that the current is three-dimensionally uniform. It becomes a pattern. This is why this antenna is called a three-dimensional isotropic antenna. Figure 7 shows data indicating this. According to this, it can be seen that each pattern demonstrates the three-dimensional omnidirectionality of this antenna. Therefore, when a high-frequency current is applied to this antenna, the radiating center position is radiated from one of the geometrical center points of the antenna, and ghosts are unlikely to occur even when used for TV reception. By emitting radio waves in this way, almost perfect three-dimensional pattern isotropic performance was recognized in the laboratory (Fig. 7 is not in an aluminum case).

It has also been confirmed that the isotropic antenna of the present invention allows the spherical insulator to be configured as a planar outer structure in consideration of mass productivity. That is, it is not necessary to fill the inside of the bobbin 11 and the hollow portion may be left (FIG. 1).

The radio wave emission capability of this antenna exceeds that of a dipole antenna, and the SWR (STAD NG WAVE RATI 0) degradation range is very wide, and it can be used in multiple bands (Figs. 9 to 12 show the SWR degradation range and measured impedance). Indicated) . According to the actual example, if the coil length is 12 m (36 m in parallel) on a 75 mm diameter insulated sphere, the SWR will be sufficiently reduced in the 10 m band of HF and the 2 m band of VHF. It can be seen from FIG.

When the antenna of the present invention is used as a radio wave emitting antenna, it is understood from FIGS. 9 and 11 that it is necessary to store the antenna in a light metal shield case. When the antenna of the present invention housed in a light metal shield case was actually used in an amateur radio experiment band of 144 MHz, communication was possible even when the antenna of the present invention was placed directly on the ground directly below the high-voltage transmission line. The clarity of transmission / reception and communication was excellent, and the range was extended by more than 40% compared to the dipole antenna. The antenna of the present invention approximated a matched dipole antenna at the time of transmission, and had a radiation impedance of about 70 years as can be read from FIG. In addition, the radiation performance was improved when the antenna body of the present invention was housed in an aluminum case, and FIG. 9 confirmed that the usable frequency range was greatly expanded. Therefore, airborne VHF communication (118 to 136MHz) is possible using this antenna. When the antenna of the present invention was tested as an indoor antenna for TV reception, Compared with the dipole antenna that has been widely used as a tenor, the reception current capability and the reception resolution are not inferior to each other as shown in Table 11-1 and Table 1-2, and a slight advantage is confirmed. [Table 11] and [Table 1-2].

When the antenna of the present invention was used as a TV receiving antenna and tested as an outdoor antenna in comparison with an Ichiya Yagi antenna, there were slight variations depending on the conditions, but in a general electric field area, the Yagiichi Yagi for VHF and UHF was used. As compared with the integrated output of the Uda antenna, it was confirmed that the imaging ability of the antenna of the present invention was almost equal in the VHF band, and considerably superior in the UHF band. [Table 2-1, 2, 2 and 2-3]. To evaluate the suitability of an isotropic antenna as a TV receiving antenna, along the National Highway No. 4 starting from the 5 KM point (in the city area in front of the Ueno Park Science Museum) in the Tokyo area, which is a short distance from Tokyo Tower. The TV receiving base material is loaded into the car, and each antenna (the standard five-element Yagi = Uda type antenna (A) and isotropic antenna (B)) at each location is Each pole was raised to a low altitude of 4 m and a medium altitude of 5 m, and each was connected to one electric field strength test and one TV receiver for video evaluation (5 points of deduction method = NHK method). At this time, the five-element Yagi-Uda antenna (A), which is the reference, does not undergo direct amplification, and the isotropic antenna test model (C) uses the direct and 30 dB VU dual-purpose amplifiers. 5 KM at the starting point (Ueno Park), 15 KM at the middle distance (Takenotsukamoto Fukue Park) and 25 KM at the long distance (Shiroko Pigeon Park, Koshigaya City, Saitama Prefecture) (Showa-cho Minakami Park, Saitama Prefecture), and recorded the data.

In addition, when the antenna was installed on a ship moving on the sea as a mobile TV receiving antenna and it was actually received, it was clearly received even offshore more than 20 miles. This is more than 5 elements equivalent to Yagi-Uda antenna at VHF, and equivalent to 12 elements at UHF, and did not require direction adjustment.

When the antenna of the present invention was mounted on an offshore ship as a UHF mobile communication antenna as an antenna for enhancing downlink communication of a mobile phone in the 80 MHz band, an experiment was conducted, and its arrival range was increased by 1.7 to 2 times. Expanded. In that case, in the waves offshore However, the minimum reception gain was ensured, and no call was interrupted even when the ship was shaking. At this time, an antenna switching device and a low attenuation cable were used.

The effective frequency and the frequency range of the antenna of the present invention are mainly defined by the length of the coil used, and the reactance level of the coil at this time is appropriately adjusted by the base line. If a non-magnetic metal is used for the base line, it will be used for UHF and VHF, and if a magnetic metal is used, it will be used for ULF, LF, MF and HF.

When used for TV reception at frequencies above VHF, the use of a light metal base line does not cause magnetic hysteresis and does not cause disturbance (noise mixing) due to the antenna effect. In addition, the outer case gives a moderate shielding effect and increases the efficiency by the electrostatic effect. The effect of the outer casing is not only the function of the mouth-pass filter at the time of reception, but also greatly expands the range of reduction of the reflected wave at the time of transmission, and greatly improves the electrical performance.

As described above, according to the antenna of the present invention, the frequency band in which communication is performed by directly connecting a cable spans a plurality of bands and is wide, so that multi-band communication can be performed with a single antenna. This has been achieved at a level never before achieved by any antenna.

A specific example of a frequency range that can be used when receiving with the antenna of the present invention will be described. The prototype model with a 12 m coil can receive multimedia from 4 MHz to 100 MHz (1 GHz) (Fig. 14, Fig. 15), short-wave radio, short-wave weather fax reception, VHF FM broadcast , VHF, UHF TV reception Terrestrial digital TV broadcasts scheduled to start in the future, NHK comprehensive multiplex teletext, etc. can be received on mobiles and at fixed stations. It also has the same reception capability as a 1 OM full-length dipole antenna on medium-wave radios (confirmed on germanium radios).

On the other hand, when the antenna of the present invention emits a radio wave and performs broadcast and relay mutual communication, a matching circuit is not required by a simple design adjustment operation, and stable electric characteristics and reflected wave suppression characteristics are always maintained. As an example, the impedance of each axis is 200 ohms, but it becomes about 70 ohms by triaxial coupling, and it is possible to connect directly to a 50 ohm or 75 ohm type cable.

The antenna A of the present invention can be mounted or mounted on various devices and devices by various methods. Can be. For example, when it is mounted on an automobile 30, it can be fixed to the roof of the automobile or the back side of the rear trunk by a strong magnet 31 (Fig. 16 (a)). In this case, it may be stored in a bell-shaped case (Fig. 16 (b)) and fixed at the bottom. Also, the antenna A of the present invention is excellent for use on an aircraft. In this case, it is installed on the back of the body 32 (Fig. 17). In addition, it can be placed on a pole like a conventional antenna. Industrial applicability

The antenna of the present invention has practically perfect three-dimensional isotropy, and its characteristics operate without affecting the level of the tuning state. As a result, the directionality in the receiving state is not recognized at all in voice communication, and But hardly ever. The same applies to the transmission operation. Further, when the antenna body of the present invention is housed in an aluminum case, the integrity of the omnidirectional level is lost, but the deviation which is practically recognized does not occur.

The antenna of the present invention has a function of suppressing fogging during short-wave reception (the reason is considered to be that faging is caused by rotation of the polarization plane). Until now, no ghost has been observed, which is a problem with omnidirectional antennas. Also, when mounted on automobiles, motor pikes, etc., there is little mixing of electrical noise due to engine ignition.

When the antenna of the present invention is used for communication involving emission of radio waves, location / diversity performance is improved, minimum gain guarantee is always possible, and interruptions and the like are reduced. For example, when used for a mobile phone external antenna, the sound quality becomes clear. The antenna of the present invention is a non-grounded dipole antenna, and has little interference with surrounding objects when emitting radio waves.

The antenna of the present invention has good energy efficiency, a large SWR reduction range, and good impedance matching capability. The gain is around +2.5 dB. Slightly superior to dipoles, its three-dimensional omnidirectional performance (isotropic) is superior to any previous antenna.

The SWR reduction range of the antenna of the present invention is very wide, and becomes significantly larger when placed in an aluminum contact case, and the effective frequency range is greater than any antenna. Outline Around 6-7% of the center frequency can emit radio waves. Multiple bands can be used.

When the antenna of the present invention is simply used as a receiving antenna, a single antenna capable of practically receiving the most efficient frequency in the range of about ± 50 times the frequency, specifically, in the range from the medium wave to the UHF. An ultra-wide band receiving antenna can be realized.

In the receiving operation, the antenna of the present invention operates as a magnetic field antenna that directly converts only a magnetic field component out of radio wave energy into electric energy, and in that case, there is no electrical interference due to a nearby electromagnetic field, so that noise is reduced. Has the effect of doing Therefore, when used as a TV antenna, noise is prevented from being mixed in by opening and closing a nearby electric switch.

When the antenna of the present invention is used as a TV receiving antenna, the antenna of the present invention is used in a fixed station such as indoors and outdoors, and exhibits a receiving ability comparable to that of the Yagi-Uda antenna. Also, installation at high altitudes is not required, so antenna installation is easy. It is also useful for the spread of UHF terrestrial digital broadcasting that will be started in the future.

When receiving various broadcasts on automobiles, ships, aircraft, etc., it is possible to receive clearly regardless of radio or TV broadcasts, and to maintain a stable reception state. When emitting radio waves, electrical resonance occurs sufficiently and the radio waves are emitted uniformly in all directions with a high gain. For this reason, a remarkable imbalance between transmission and reception unlike the conventional MSL antenna does not occur.

In particular, when the antenna of the present invention is mounted on an airplane, which is a mobile communication, particularly a three-dimensional high-speed mobile body, and is used for aeronautical radio (FIG. 17), the airframe which has been a constant problem in the past and the communication partner It is possible to greatly reduce the fluctuation of the reception state due to the fluctuation of the relative positional relationship with the reception. The three-dimensional isotropy achieved by the antenna of the present invention solves the problem of a communication antenna of an aircraft that suffers from interference between the airframe and the antenna and fluctuations in communication conditions due to fluctuations in the direction between the airframe and the communication partner. This is a form in which the features of the present invention are maximized, and has high social effectiveness.

The problem of pattern defects caused by the relationship between the airframe and the antenna is best avoided. There is no interference between the aircraft and the antenna, and the radiation pattern is maintained beautifully, and there is no direction and good communication can be performed regardless of the attitude of the aircraft. Also, the communication status itself has been improved, In terms of performance. Since there is no so-called blind spot, it is also advantageous in terms of operational safety. In addition, since the effective frequency is large and there is no need to attach an ATU, there is no change in the call state due to channel changes. In addition, the reception state of VOR in low altitude is improved. According to the present invention, in a situation where an emergency position report is required, such as in the event of an aircraft distress, the transmission is strong and resistant to destruction impact, and the start of transmission can be reliably started. [Table 3]. Table 3 shows the contents of the impact test performed using the antenna of the present invention (shown in Fig. 5). According to the table, it has been proved that the strength of the antenna of the present invention can withstand an external force in the direction of 100 G3.

When installed in manned and unmanned space equipment, it will have a significant advantage in terms of weight, and will be used in wireless data transmission sections in spacecraft to reduce the weight of electric wires. In space, isotropy is particularly important in many situations, and it is useful for space development equipment, manned or unmanned.

When transmitting information from a computer in a room such as a wireless LAN using the antenna of the present invention, the capability of digital communication is enhanced by combining the isotropy and the function of increasing the effective bandwidth. Compared to dipole antennas, it is suitable for the transmission and relay of digital communication information that requires a wide range of frequencies in a specific band, such as a spread spectrum method.

The antenna of the present invention makes it possible to use radio waves with a long wavelength in a simple and convenient facility, which was very difficult to realize with conventional antennas. For example, it would be possible to replace very long antenna facilities with ultra-small antennas as a means of linking land facilities and submarines using very long waves. To improve the accuracy of underground exploration radars that perform underground exploration using long waves by using the one-point radiation capability of the antenna of the present invention to improve the accuracy of landmine exploration and exploration of underground resources Is possible.

Until now, long waves and medium waves, which have been the mainstays of marine communication means, have used long wires, but these are no longer required, and communication accuracy can be improved. In particular, because they are small and lightweight, it is possible to significantly reduce the size of communication and broadcast antennas and the space occupied by them. In the case of medium-wave use, the medium-wave information transmission antenna used on expressways can be accommodated in a spherical space with a diameter of 10 cm or less. As described above, according to the antenna of the present invention, it is desired to utilize its three-dimensional isotropy, wideband multiband performance, and miniaturization technology, and to improve broadcasting, relaying, and mobile communication. Therefore, it is possible to achieve further quantitative and qualitative improvements in the radio wave utilization business and transport activities.

[Table 1-1]

2 m ά m 4 m 5 m 6 m end m 8 m 9 m 10 m 11 m average reference measured value 6 9 7 0 6 9 6 4 6 3 6 9 7 0 6 end 6 T 1 reference

1 S 0 Direct connection 4 2 4 9 5 1 5 4 5 3 5 End 6 0 6 0 6 0 6 5

(Index) 61% 70% 74% 84% 84% 83% 86% 90% 90% —% 83%

1 S 0 Amplification 5 End 4 7 6 8 4 7 8 End 8 8 1 8 5 8 6 6 5

(Index) 83% 106% 110% 131% 123% 113% 116% 127% 128%-% 119%

1 S 0 Video 4,3 4,6 4,6 4,7 4,9 3,9 4,6 4,9 4,7 5,0 One

(Index) —% 94% 92% 100% 104% 89% 105% 111% 96%-% 99% Yagi Consolidated Nao 6 6 0 0 0 5 5 7 4 4 4 6--

(Index) 109% 101¾ 109% 119% 112% 106% 110% ― 110% Yagi consolidated image 4,9 5,0 4,7 4,7 4,4 4,4 4,4 4,9 1 ―

(Finger a) 1 00 100 100% ■ 100 100 100% 100% Ou 1 Standard Yagi alone 1 6 9 6 9 R 0 7 1 R 3 R 1 R 0 R 1

(Index) One 99% 100% 109% 11. 106% 101% 104% 106 1 105% Yagi single image 5,0 5,0 4,7 4,7 4,4 4,4 4,9 4,9 ― ―

(Index) One 102% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% ― 100% Teleport ϋ: 5 9 6 0 6 3 6 7 6 8 6 8 6 End 6 6 6 7 ―

(Index) 86% 91% 131% 108% 99% 96% 99% 100% ― 101% Teleboats 5,0 5,0 4,7 4,7 4,4 4,4 4,9 4, 9 One ―

(Index) 96% 100% 104% 106% 111% 114% 90% 100% ― 103% Summary 〇 V HF band average is medium electric field.

OVHF is equivalent to Yagi antenna in video capability.

〇 It is difficult to directly compare gains (because amplification causes saturation)

OH, PAT. Regarding ISO antenna, 5m works well Location Akiga Park, Saitama City (Arakawa River ^) Vertical movement measurement example (ISO, Yagi standard) Time: January 24, 2003 (Friday) Medium electric field, UHF short-distance processing: On the day

3 8 channel reception 2 m 3 m 4 m 5 m 6 m end m 8 m 9 m 10 m 11 m average reference measurement value 7 4 6 3 6 end 6 7 6 5 5 6 6 6 6 3 6 1 1 reference

1 S 0 Direct connection 6 End 5 2 6 End 6 3 5 7 4 2 5 5 5 0 5 4 ―

(Index) 91% 83% 100% 94% 88% 75% 83% 79% 89%-86%

1 S 0 Amplification 9 4 8 1 9 1 8 6 8 3 7 8 8 2 8 0 End 5 1 1 1 1

(Index) 127% 129% 136% 137% 128% 139% 124% 127% 123% One 130%

1 S 0 Video 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 4,0 One

(Index) 100% 100% 125% 167% 100% 250% 250% 250% 1 155% Naoichi Yagi 5 5 5 5 6 9 4 7 5 2 5 1 5 End 4 5 1 1

(Finger a) one 87% 82% 103% 82% 93¾ 77% 90% 74% 86% Yagi consolidated increase ― 8 6 8 4 8 9 8 1 7 9 8 5 8 end 8 4 1 "~-

(Index) 1 137% 125% <J j) 124% 141% 129% 138% 138% 133% Yagi connected image 5,0 4,0 3,0 5,0 2,0 2,0 2,0

(Index) 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

? Revo — G 6 4 6 3 6 0 6 2 6 4 5 9 5 8 5 End 4 1

(Index) 95% i00% 89% 93% 98% 105% 88% I 90% 77%-93% General Local OUHF band local normal reception status.

大幅 Confirmed significantly superiority to Yagi antenna for video capabilities.

* The image cannot be reproduced because of the influence of the topography of the bank or the polarization mismatching phenomenon. ◦ The current values of the ISO antenna and the Yagi antenna are almost equal.

The VHF radio wave arrival direction does not match.

O In an ordinary electric field, the image quality is overwhelmingly superior.

では In the height pattern, the required height is sufficient at 4 m with the 1 S0 antenna. [Table 2-1]

Technical data related to ISO antenna

Changes in VSWR change over time (SWR measurement results in VHF band)

<S WR without aluminum case)

I SO antenna related (I SO— 75— 12M = coil 12M parallel winding)

VSWR IMPEDANCE

133MHz 2.4 110 ohm

134MHz 1.7 100 o hm

135MHz 1.672 ohm

136MHz 1.5 60 o hm

137MHz 1.72 ohm

138MHz 1.60 ohm

139MHz 1.8 8 ohm

140MHz 1.96 ohm

141MHz 2.0 90 o hm

[Table 2-2]

120.OMHz 8.0 90 o hm

130.OMHz '8.00 ohm

137.5 MHz 2.2

138. OMH z 2.0

138.5 MHz 1.7 AIR BAND

139. OMHz 1.7

139.5 MHz 1.8

140. OMH z 1.8 90 o hm

140.5MHz 1.7

141. OMHz 1.87 75 hm

141.5 MHz 1.6

142. OMHz 1. 6 70 o hm

142.5MHz 1.7

143. OMHz 1.86 ohm

143.5 MHz 1.86 ohm

144. OMH z 1.5 60 ohm

144.5MH z 1.4 70 o hm

145. OMH z 1.4 75 ohm

145.5 MHz 1.5 80 ohm

146. OMHz 1. 7 90 o hm

146.5 MHz 1.8 1.8 90 ohm

147. OMHz 1.88 90 ohm

147.5 MHz 1.8

148. OMHz 2. 8 95 o hm

148.5MHz 2.7

149. OMHz 1. 7 95 o hm

150.OMHz 1.70 ohm

150.5 MHz 1.7

151. OMH z 1. 7 60 o hm

151.5 MHz 1.8

152. OMHz 1. 8 65 o hm

152.5 MHz 1.6

153. OMHz 1.5 5 o hm

153.5 MHz 1.5

154. OMHz 1.6 6 ohm

154.5 MHz 1.6

155. OMHz 1. 8 120 om 155.5 MHz 1.9

156. OMHz 1. 9 120 o hm

156.5 5MHz 1.9

157. OMHz 1. 8 110 o hm

157.5 MHz 1.6

158. OMHz 1.5 5 ohm

158.5 MHz 1.4

159. OMHz 1.3 3 80 o hm

159.5 MHz 1.4

160. OMHz 1. 4 70 o hm

160.5 MHz 1.3

161. OMHz 1.2 70 ohm

161.5 MHz 1.3

162. OMHz 1.3 80 ohm

162.5 MHz 1.3

163. OMHz 1.2 90 ohm

163.5 MHz 1.4

164. OMHz 1.5 5 ohm

164.5 MHz 1.5

165. OMHz 1.4 4 ohm

165.5 MHz 1.4

166. OMHz 1.5 5 ohm

166.5 MHz 1.5

167. OMHz 1.5 5 ohm

167.5 MHz 1.8

168. OMHz 2. 1 55 o m

170. OMHz 2.5 30 ohm As mentioned above, 138.5 MHz-167.5 MHz at 29 MHz, + _10% centered at 150 MHz compared to center frequency, with an incredible wideband SWR of less than 2.0 In addition, the 1.5 and lower ranges are 144-164 and 2 OMHz, and IMPEDANCE is tuned around 70 ohm. An amateur radio communication test was performed at 144-146 MHz. The results were good and the tuning characteristics were excellent. [Table 2-3]

(For the HF band, as follows) When in the 10m band case

26.0MHz 2.2 75 o hm

26.5MHz 2.0 80 o hm

27.0 MHz 1.7 8 ohm used

27.5MHz 1.7 7 ohm possible

28.0 MHz 1.6 75 o hm range

28.5 MHz 1.3 60 o hm

28.6 MHz 1.3

28.8 MHz 1.2

28. 9 MHz 1.2

29.0 MHz 1.2 50 o hm

29.2 MHz 1.3

29.5 MHz 1.7 50 o hm

29.6 MHz 1.6

29.7 MHz 1.7

29.9 MHz 2.2

30. OMHz 2. 4 70 o hm

30.5 MHz 3.0 90 o hm

When there is no case

24.OMHz 5.0 180 o hm

24, 5 MHz 4.1 1 90 hm

25. OMHz 3.5 80 o hm

25.5 MHz 2.5 55 o hm

26. OMHz 1.9 35 o hm

26.5MHz 1.25 25 hm

27. OMHz 2.0 25 o hm

27.5 MHz 2.5 30 o hm

28. OMHz 3.0 55 o hm

28.5MHz 3.7 80 hm

29. OMHz 3.8 105 o hm

29.5 MHz 4.8 140 o hm

30. OMHz 4.9 190 ohm When placed in an aluminum contact case, the center frequency is slightly increased and the impedance is doubled, making it more appropriate. However, there are individual differences depending on how the coils are wound. [Table 3]

TR— ANT— BOO 1 Fiber item Equipment name I so antenna Oki Odori Tone Akebono mm X-B022 Difficult day person Yamada

1 'Fiber says: February 14, 2003

Temperature: 22 ° C: 47% 赃 1002hpa

2. Equipment used

Auto ller shelf SER: 05Ό0290-0336

S M 110 standard (ownership: Tokyo

3.Touching place: Fiber i r

4. Cow: According to JIS C0912 1984

5. ¾ ^ method: The impact is applied in three directions: forward, side, and reverse by the impact device.

The magnitude of the shock is increased to 30, 40, 50, and 100G, and each time the shock is applied, it is disassembled and disconnected. There is no magnetic member.

6. Judgment course: no breaks.

7. I »result: No abnormalities when adding 100 G to 3 |

8. Judgment: Pass

Claims

The scope of the claims

1. An isotropic antenna whose radiation pattern is uniform in all directions, is made of an electrical insulator, and has a winding frame with windings of conductor around three mutually orthogonal axes. Using a conductive wire made of a non-magnetic metal as a core material and winding it in series or parallel around the base of the winding part of the bobbin, using an insulated conductive wire made of a non-magnetic metal as an outer layer of the core material portion, Each of the three coil elements is formed, and the above-mentioned coil elements, all wound independently around three axes, are connected in series or parallel to each other to provide reception or transmission. An isotropic antenna characterized in that:

2. The isotropic antenna according to claim 1, wherein the conductive wire wound around the bobbin as the core material is made of a stranded wire or a single wire, and extends over the entire width of the base portion of the bobbin winding portion.

3. The bobbin has a substantially spherical shape, and a groove-shaped portion formed on the surface of the bobbin, which corresponds to a circle around an orthogonal axis at the intersection of the center of the sphere, is wound around the coil element. 2. The isotropic antenna according to claim 1, wherein the isotropic antenna is provided as a part.

4. The isotropic antenna according to claim 2, wherein the winding portion of the coil element has a width relative to the diameter of the winding frame of 12 to 1/16.

5. The isotropic antenna according to claim 2, wherein the winding part of the coil element has a depth of 1/2 to 1/16 in a ratio of the winding frame to the straight line.

6. Having a bobbin made of an electrical insulator, and using an insulated conducting wire made of a non-magnetic metal, three coil elements are formed around three mutually orthogonal axes of the bobbin, respectively. The above-mentioned coil elements, all wound independently around the axis, are connected in parallel with each other, and the antenna body configured to be used for reception or transmission is housed in a non-magnetic metal case. The isotropic antenna according to claim 1.

7. The non-magnetic metal case is housed so that at least a part of the coil element of the antenna body is in close contact with the inner surface of the case. The shape of the case is a cube, the upper half is a bell-shaped, 7. The isotropic antenna according to claim 6, wherein the antenna is spherical.