WO2004085734A2 - Flexible ultraviolet radiation blocking textile assembly - Google Patents

Flexible ultraviolet radiation blocking textile assembly Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004085734A2
WO2004085734A2 PCT/BR2004/000040 BR2004000040W WO2004085734A2 WO 2004085734 A2 WO2004085734 A2 WO 2004085734A2 BR 2004000040 W BR2004000040 W BR 2004000040W WO 2004085734 A2 WO2004085734 A2 WO 2004085734A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
ultraviolet radiation
ultraviolet
layers
cotton
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/BR2004/000040
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French (fr)
Other versions
WO2004085734A3 (en
Inventor
Tracy MAGALHÃES DE OLIVEIRA
Original Assignee
Magalhaes De Oliveira Tracy
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Publication of WO2004085734A2 publication Critical patent/WO2004085734A2/en
Publication of WO2004085734A3 publication Critical patent/WO2004085734A3/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • A41D31/02—Layered materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/06—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by a fibrous or filamentary layer mechanically connected, e.g. by needling to another layer, e.g. of fibres, of paper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/02—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising animal or vegetable substances, e.g. cork, bamboo, starch
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M17/00—Producing multi-layer textile fabrics
    • D06M17/04—Producing multi-layer textile fabrics by applying synthetic resins as adhesives
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M17/00—Producing multi-layer textile fabrics
    • D06M17/04—Producing multi-layer textile fabrics by applying synthetic resins as adhesives
    • D06M17/10—Polyurethanes polyurea
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H15/00—Tents or canopies, in general
    • E04H15/32—Parts, components, construction details, accessories, interior equipment, specially adapted for tents, e.g. guy-line equipment, skirts, thresholds
    • E04H15/54—Covers of tents or canopies
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/20—Filters
    • G02B5/208—Filters for use with infrared or ultraviolet radiation, e.g. for separating visible light from infrared and/or ultraviolet radiation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D2400/00—Functions or special features of garments
    • A41D2400/26—UV light protection
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
    • A61N2005/0664—Details
    • A61N2005/0667—Filters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/71—Resistive to light or to UV
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2437/00—Clothing

Definitions

  • the object of the present invention is a FLEXIBLE ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION BLOCKING TEXTIL ASSEMBLY. More specifically, it describes a fabric assembly characterized by the following layers:
  • the raw material in question was developed for the manufacture of clothing, hats, gloves and other articles.
  • the ultraviolet protection factor is a classification index providing the consumer with information about the relative ability of a product to protect against solar ultraviolet radiation. Depending on the obtained rating, the product can be classified as providing good, very good or excellent protection.
  • the factor is obtained by comparing the effect of exposure to the sun of the bare human skin with the effect of exposure to the sun of human skin protected by the product (fabric).
  • the standard sensitivity of unprotected skin (E( ⁇ )) exposed to standard solar radiation (S( ⁇ )) is compared to the filtering effect of standard solar radiation (T( ⁇ )) offered by the fabric.
  • the standard solar radiation used as basis for the solar UV-lndex corresponds to the solar spectral irradiance measured on January 17, 1990 in Melbourne, Australia.
  • the standard sensitivity of the human skin is given by erythema (redness) induced by ultraviolet radiation, known as erythemal effectivity curve (International Commission on Illumination).
  • the UPF determines exclusively the degree of protection against solar radiation provided by fabrics in dry and relaxed (not tensioned) state.
  • the solar ultraviolet spectrum considered is UV-B (280 nm to 315 nm) and UV-A (315 nm to 400 nm).
  • UPF is applicable to protecting fabrics, clothing and other garments worn in near proximity to the skin.
  • the UPF is not indicated for weighting or classifying protective products used at distance from the skin as for example shade products.
  • the UPF is also not indicated for rating UVR protection provided by sunglasses, for which there are specific norms, or for products directly applied to the skin such as sunscreen lotions, which are indexed by another factor - the sun protection factor (SPF).
  • SPDF sun protection factor
  • the UPF is furthermore not indicated for products used in architecture or agriculture as for example blackout blinds and fixed shade systems for greenhouses.
  • Patent PCT US 97/14484 published on
  • 18/08 '1997 refers to a pre-fabricated flexible multi-layer product to be used for coating outdoor structures or as isolated product.
  • a substrate of textile material is joined in parallel to a synthetic membrane to form a double-layered laminate.
  • a thermoplastic pellicle between the layers accentuates the assembly.
  • the principal purpose of the above-mentioned inventions is impermeability while the main purpose of the invention here presented is protection against ultraviolet radiation.
  • the invention here presented refers to a process for obtaining a flexible multi-layer product with the main characteristic of providing protection against ultraviolet radiation, composed by: 1 layer: 100% cotton fabric.
  • the process involves the following steps:
  • a pre-fabricated flexible 100% cotton fabric (1 st layer-cotton fabric) can be used as isolated product.
  • the composition of the fabric should be: weight: 310 to 420g/m2 - 9 and 12oz/yd2; structure 3x1 ; warp 2,5 to 5, weft 1 to 4.
  • 2 nd step 2 nd layer.
  • PVC PVC laminate coated cotton substrate.
  • 3 rd step 3 rd layer. 100% cotton fabric.
  • the first two layers (1 st layer 100% cotton fabric + 2 nd layer - PVC laminate with sustaining cotton mesh) are fixed together by spreading the polyurethane and/or 100% acrylate adhesive between the layers of cotton fabric and the PVC laminate in a hot pesser; both layers are covered simultaneously with the adhesive, cooled, heated again and immediately pressed.
  • Pre-fabricated 100% cotton fabric (3 rd layer- cotton fabric) weighing between 310 and 420g/m2 - 9 to 12oz/yd2; structure 3x1 ; warp 2,5 to 5 and weft 1 to 4.
  • This layer is fixed by means of sewing to the first two layers (cotton fabric and PVC laminate on sustaining cotton mesh) previously glued with 100% polyurethane and/or acrylate.
  • the cotton fabric layers should have a weight between 310 a 420g/m2 - 9 a 12oz/yd2; structure 3x1 ; warp 2,5 to 5 and weft 1 to 4.
  • the rule establishes a number of parameters as there are: methodological requirements, instrumental and test conditions and classification of the fabric. These parameters are the following:
  • the method used for measuring ultraviolet radiation transmission is total spectroradiometry, that is, direct and diffuse transmission should be measured using an integrating sphere and a source of radiat on simulating the solar spectrum. Purpose: measure the total ultraviolet radiati on passing directly through the fabric as well as the radiation transmitted by diffusi on.
  • the rule establishes the classification of the quality of protection against solar ultraviolet radiation as follows (table 1)
  • TuV- ⁇ mean (T315 + 3 0 + T325 + + T395 + T400) / 18
  • S( ⁇ ) the spectral solar radiation
  • T( ⁇ ) the spectral transmission of the specimen.
  • the mean ultraviolet protection factor is obtained on the basis of the ultraviolet protection factor of N specimens of the fabric sample:
  • the mean ultraviolet protection factor has a
  • the nominal ultraviolet protection factor is obtained through the following steps:
  • the nominal UPF is calculated on the basis of the lowest probable UPF values, that is, on the basis of:
  • AS/NZS 4399:1996 classifies the nominal ultraviolet protection factors only in multiples of five, obtained by rounding the result of the equation (10) to the immediately next inferior multiple of five. This way, for example, a result indicating a minimum ultraviolet protection factor 19 would in fact be classified as 15. To be classified as UPF 20, the result would have to be equal to or higher than 20.
  • the nominal protection factor can be established as follows:
  • Rounded to next inferior is here understood as rounding the result of dividing UPF m i nimum by five to the next inferior multiple of five.
  • the ultraviolet protection factor has to be obtained by rounding the minor individual UPF to the next inferior multiple of five:
  • the results obtained for the samples of fabric in and relaxed state are shown in the tables below.
  • the tables show: the ultraviolet protection factors obtained under the above mentioned conditions for each of the four specimens under test; the respective mean ultraviolet protection factor; the standard deviation of the protection factor of the sample; the standard error of the mean protection factor and the nominal ultraviolet protection factor obtained in step 1 and 2. Furthermore, the tables display the arithmetic means of transmission of ultraviolet radiation A and B and the effective ultraviolet transmission of the sample with standard deviation at a 99% probability level.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

A process is disclosed for the manufacture of a flexible multi-layered product with the main characteristic of blocking ultraviolet radiation, composed by first and third layers consisting of 100 % cotton fabric (310 to 420 g/m2) and a second layer consisting of a cotton substrate coated with polyvinyl chloride (laminate). The process for obtaining a flexible product is characterized by the fact that the fiest and second layers are fixed together in a hot-press (fiest and second steps of the process). This flexible product is used in the manufacture of clothing, hats, gloves and other garments, camping and other tents, canopies, sun-blinds, umbrellas, baby carrier covers.

Description

FLEXIBLE ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION BLOCKS© TEXTIL ASSEMBLY.
The object of the present invention is a FLEXIBLE ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION BLOCKING TEXTIL ASSEMBLY. More specifically, it describes a fabric assembly characterized by the following layers:
1 I st [ Layer. 100% cotton fabrϊe
2nd Layer. PVC (PVC laminate) coated cotton substrate.
3rd Layer. 100% cotton fabric.
The raw material in question was developed for the manufacture of clothing, hats, gloves and other articles.
Background
The ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) is a classification index providing the consumer with information about the relative ability of a product to protect against solar ultraviolet radiation. Depending on the obtained rating, the product can be classified as providing good, very good or excellent protection.
Basically, the factor is obtained by comparing the effect of exposure to the sun of the bare human skin with the effect of exposure to the sun of human skin protected by the product (fabric). To this effect, the standard sensitivity of unprotected skin (E(λ)) exposed to standard solar radiation (S(λ)) is compared to the filtering effect of standard solar radiation (T(λ)) offered by the fabric. The standard solar radiation used as basis for the solar UV-lndex corresponds to the solar spectral irradiance measured on January 17, 1990 in Melbourne, Australia. The standard sensitivity of the human skin is given by erythema (redness) induced by ultraviolet radiation, known as erythemal effectivity curve (International Commission on Illumination).
The UPF determines exclusively the degree of protection against solar radiation provided by fabrics in dry and relaxed (not tensioned) state. The solar ultraviolet spectrum considered is UV-B (280 nm to 315 nm) and UV-A (315 nm to 400 nm).
UPF is applicable to protecting fabrics, clothing and other garments worn in near proximity to the skin.
The UPF is not indicated for weighting or classifying protective products used at distance from the skin as for example shade products. The UPF is also not indicated for rating UVR protection provided by sunglasses, for which there are specific norms, or for products directly applied to the skin such as sunscreen lotions, which are indexed by another factor - the sun protection factor (SPF). The UPF is furthermore not indicated for products used in architecture or agriculture as for example blackout blinds and fixed shade systems for greenhouses.
Although the rating is aimed to guide the consumer, there is no direct relation between UPF and SPF, which uses to be known better by the public. As a matter of fact, the two factors are determined through different methods. While the UPF is determined in vitro, the SPF is determined in vivo, that is, using the skin of human volunteers, what makes the results of SPF rating depend among others on cellular bio-activation phenomena.
Due to these differences it is difficult to correlate these two factors.
State of the Art
The patent Nr. PI9604233-8 A, published on May 26, 1996, describes the production process of a flexible impermeable pellicle, involving the following steps: immersion of a polyester pellicle (1) in dyed PVC solution (2); drying of the textile pellicle (1) drenched with PVC solution (2); thermofixation of the textile pellicle drenched with PVC solution (12) in a translucid PVC film (3).
Patent PCT US 97/14484 published on
18/08 '1997 refers to a pre-fabricated flexible multi-layer product to be used for coating outdoor structures or as isolated product. A substrate of textile material is joined in parallel to a synthetic membrane to form a double-layered laminate. A thermoplastic pellicle between the layers accentuates the assembly.
Note:
The principal purpose of the above-mentioned inventions is impermeability while the main purpose of the invention here presented is protection against ultraviolet radiation.
Summary:
The invention here presented refers to a process for obtaining a flexible multi-layer product with the main characteristic of providing protection against ultraviolet radiation, composed by: 1 layer: 100% cotton fabric.
2nd layer: P¥C (PWC laminate) coatee? cotton substrate
3 jrrdα layer: 100% cotton fabric
The process involves the following steps:
1st step 1st layer. 100% cotton fabric.
A pre-fabricated flexible 100% cotton fabric (1st layer-cotton fabric) can be used as isolated product. The composition of the fabric should be: weight: 310 to 420g/m2 - 9 and 12oz/yd2; structure 3x1 ; warp 2,5 to 5, weft 1 to 4.
2nd step: 2nd layer. PVC (PVC laminate) coated cotton substrate.
100% cotton fibers, cross-disposed so as to form a substrate for sustaining a mass obtained from PVC granulate, formula: 300g PVC x m2 + 60g mesh = 400g x m2 x 1 ,40 = 600g PVC per linear meter / 100m =
60 k (2nd layer - PVC laminate), melted under heat in an extrusion press for obtaining a PVC and cotton mesh density of 2 to 10 micra.
3rd step: 3rd layer. 100% cotton fabric.
The first two layers (1st layer 100% cotton fabric + 2nd layer - PVC laminate with sustaining cotton mesh) are fixed together by spreading the polyurethane and/or 100% acrylate adhesive between the layers of cotton fabric and the PVC laminate in a hot pesser; both layers are covered simultaneously with the adhesive, cooled, heated again and immediately pressed.
4th step:
Pre-fabricated 100% cotton fabric (3rd layer- cotton fabric) weighing between 310 and 420g/m2 - 9 to 12oz/yd2; structure 3x1 ; warp 2,5 to 5 and weft 1 to 4. This layer is fixed by means of sewing to the first two layers (cotton fabric and PVC laminate on sustaining cotton mesh) previously glued with 100% polyurethane and/or acrylate.
The cotton fabric layers should have a weight between 310 a 420g/m2 - 9 a 12oz/yd2; structure 3x1 ; warp 2,5 to 5 and weft 1 to 4.
4=2 Tests performed
The following test for measuring spectral transmittance to determine the parameters established by rule AS/NZS 4399:1996 were performed: - Standard ultraviolet protection factor;
- Medium ultraviolet protection factor;
- Effective ultraviolet transmittance;
- Arithmetic mean of UV-A transmittance;
- Arithmetic mean of UV-B transmittance;
All these parameters were obtained for fabrics in dry and relasced (not tensioned) state; the general procedure used was the same in all cases. 4.2.1 Parameters established by rule AS/MZS 4399: 1996
The rule establishes a number of parameters as there are: methodological requirements, instrumental and test conditions and classification of the fabric. These parameters are the following:
A. Method for the determination of ultraviolet radiation transmission
1. The method used for measuring ultraviolet radiation transmission is total spectroradiometry, that is, direct and diffuse transmission should be measured using an integrating sphere and a source of radiat on simulating the solar spectrum. Purpose: measure the total ultraviolet radiati on passing directly through the fabric as well as the radiation transmitted by diffusi on.
B. Classification of the ultraviolet protection factor
1. The rule establishes the classification of the quality of protection against solar ultraviolet radiation as follows (table 1)
Tabel 1. Classification system for ultraviolet protection factor
Figure imgf000007_0001
Arithmetic mean of UV-A and UV-B transmission
The arithmetic mean of transmission of UV-A radiation is given by:
TuV-Λ mean = (T315 + 3 0 + T325 + + T395 + T400) / 18
The arithmetic mean of transmission of UV-B radiation is given by:
I mean = (T290 + 295 + T300 + T305 + T310 + T315) / 1 (2)
Effective Ultraviolet Transmission
The mean effective ultraviolet transmission for the fabric exposed to solar
Figure imgf000008_0001
radiation is given by: S(λ), the spectral solar radiation, and T(λ), the spectral transmission of the specimen.
Mean Ultraviolet Protection factor The mean effective ultraviolet radiation for unprotected skin is given by:
Figure imgf000008_0002
E(λ), the relative erythemal dose for human skin.
The mean effective ultraviolet radiation for skin protected by the fabric is given by:
Figure imgf000008_0003
The ultraviolet protection factor is established by relating the mean effective ultraviolet radiation for unprotected skin with the mean effective ultraviolet radiation for skin protected by the fabric:
U F == E "" rotecte .„
The mean ultraviolet protection factor is obtained on the basis of the ultraviolet protection factor of N specimens of the fabric sample:
mean = (UPFi + UPF2 + UPF3 + + UPFN) / N (7)
The mean ultraviolet protection factor has a
Figure imgf000009_0001
standard evat on:
The expanded standard error of UPFmean, calculated for a confidence level of 99% is obtained using the Student's t distribution factor for k= (N - 1) degrees of tolerance:
Figure imgf000009_0002
Mominal ultraviolet protection factor
The nominal ultraviolet protection factor is obtained through the following steps:
1— step:
For greater safety, the nominal UPF is calculated on the basis of the lowest probable UPF values, that is, on the basis of:
UPFminimum — ( UPFm an " Uu f ) For even greater safety, the rule AS/NZS 4399:1996 classifies the nominal ultraviolet protection factors only in multiples of five, obtained by rounding the result of the equation (10) to the immediately next inferior multiple of five. This way, for example, a result indicating a minimum ultraviolet protection factor 19 would in fact be classified as 15. To be classified as UPF 20, the result would have to be equal to or higher than 20. Thus, during this step, the nominal protection factor can be established as follows:
U Fnominai = 5 . {Rounded to next inferior [ ( UPFminimum ) / 5 ] } (11)
Rounded to next inferior is here understood as rounding the result of dividing UPFminimum by five to the next inferior multiple of five.
2 step:
In case the UPFn0minai found in the first step were inferior than the minor individual UPF obtained for the sample (minor UPFj ), then the ultraviolet protection factor has to be obtained by rounding the minor individual UPF to the next inferior multiple of five:
UPFnominai = 5 . {Rounded to next inferior [ ( FPUj minimum ) / 5 ] } (12)
This way the rule aims to avoid classifying the nominal UPF on the basis of results with very high standard deviation.
RESULTS
The results obtained for the samples of fabric in and relaxed state are shown in the tables below. The tables show: the ultraviolet protection factors obtained under the above mentioned conditions for each of the four specimens under test; the respective mean ultraviolet protection factor; the standard deviation of the protection factor of the sample; the standard error of the mean protection factor and the nominal ultraviolet protection factor obtained in step 1 and 2. Furthermore, the tables display the arithmetic means of transmission of ultraviolet radiation A and B and the effective ultraviolet transmission of the sample with standard deviation at a 99% probability level.
Figure imgf000011_0002
fStandard Deviation of the Protection Factor of the Samples
Black Comosition White Composition mK Mmwi
Figure imgf000011_0001
Figure imgf000012_0001
Summarizing the results of the means of the four specimens tested:
JJNomtna! Ultraviolet Protection Factor and Ultraviolet Transmission (%) Standard condition (dry / relaxed) j Fabric UPF IUV-AMean |UV-BMean fUVEfmean
I Black Composition 50+ [0,1 0,9 (0,09
| Whϊte Composition 50+ |0,1 |0,9 10,09 CONCLUSIONS
The results obtained for the fabrics in dry and relaxed state allow concluding that, according to rule AS/NZS 4399: 1996, the samples of fabric denominated black composition and white composition belong in the category excellent protection.

Claims

1. Flexible product used for blocking the transmission of ultraviolet radiation, characterized by the following layers:
1sl layer. 100% cotton fabric.
2nd layer. PVC (PVC laminate) coated cotton substrate.
3rd layer. 100% cotton fabric.
2. Flexible product according to claim Nr. 1 , characterizing the textile composition of cotton fabric used for layers 1 and 3 as 310 to 420g/m2 - 9 to 12oz/yd2; structure 3x1 , warp 2,5 and weft 1 to 4.
3. The process for obtaining a flexible product characterized by A: the fact that the first and second layers are fixed together in a hot-press (1st and 2nd steps of the process)
4. Articles manufactured using the process object of claim Nr. 3, characterized the reason for using this process in the manufacture of hats, clothing, gloves, camping and other tents, canopies, sun-blinds, umbrellas and baby carrier covers.
PCT/BR2004/000040 2003-03-26 2004-03-26 Flexible ultraviolet radiation blocking textile assembly WO2004085734A2 (en)

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BR0300767-7A BR0300767A (en) 2003-03-26 2003-03-26 Flexible product, used to prevent the passage of ultraviolet rays, flexible product obtaining process and articles obtained through it.

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008071224A1 (en) * 2006-12-15 2008-06-19 Hueber Antonius Gerardus Maria Uv-transmissive fabric, method of obtaining the same and garment being made of the said fabric
WO2012139973A3 (en) * 2011-04-11 2012-12-06 Solvay Sa Multilayer structure comprising natural fibres and a vinyl chloride polymer

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6194329B1 (en) * 1998-01-21 2001-02-27 Brookwood Companies, Incorporated Reversible fabric for use in military environments and method of making same

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