WO2004082938A1 - Method for the separation of composite bodies - Google Patents

Method for the separation of composite bodies Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004082938A1
WO2004082938A1 PCT/EP2003/014885 EP0314885W WO2004082938A1 WO 2004082938 A1 WO2004082938 A1 WO 2004082938A1 EP 0314885 W EP0314885 W EP 0314885W WO 2004082938 A1 WO2004082938 A1 WO 2004082938A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
foam
liquid
layer
leather
core
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2003/014885
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Erika Mense
Hubert Mense
Original Assignee
Hma Automotive Gmbh Consulting Und Development
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hma Automotive Gmbh Consulting Und Development filed Critical Hma Automotive Gmbh Consulting Und Development
Priority to EP03816339A priority Critical patent/EP1622767A1/en
Priority to AU2003296733A priority patent/AU2003296733A1/en
Publication of WO2004082938A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004082938A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B43/00—Operations specially adapted for layered products and not otherwise provided for, e.g. repairing; Apparatus therefor
    • B32B43/006—Delaminating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C63/00—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C63/0004—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C63/0013—Removing old coatings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/04—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling
    • B29B17/0412—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling to large particles, e.g. beads, granules, flakes, slices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C2035/0855—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using microwave
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/0261—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould using ultrasonic or sonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2075/00—Use of PU, i.e. polyureas or polyurethanes or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/04—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2313/00—Use of textile products or fabrics as reinforcement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2705/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2009/00—Layered products
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
    • B29L2031/3055—Cars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/44—Furniture or parts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2305/02—Cellular or porous
    • B32B2305/022—Foam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2305/10—Fibres of continuous length
    • B32B2305/18—Fabrics, textiles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2310/00—Treatment by energy or chemical effects
    • B32B2310/028—Treatment by energy or chemical effects using vibration, e.g. sonic or ultrasonic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2310/00—Treatment by energy or chemical effects
    • B32B2310/08—Treatment by energy or chemical effects by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B32B2310/0806—Treatment by energy or chemical effects by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
    • B32B2310/0862—Treatment by energy or chemical effects by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using microwave
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2317/00—Animal or vegetable based
    • B32B2317/08—Natural leather
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

Definitions

  • Composite bodies of the type mentioned are widely used e.g. used in the automotive industry, the furniture industry or the consumer goods industry.
  • automotive industry i.a. Seat and back elements, headrests but also covers, cladding, center consoles or dashboards manufactured as a composite body.
  • the composite bodies described above are often produced by the so-called back-foaming technology.
  • the mostly pre-treated upholstery fabrics or preformed plastic outer skins are placed in a foam mold following the reference contour and back-foamed with a foam plastic.
  • the lamination produced in this way forms a separating layer which prevents the foam which has been introduced during the subsequent back-foaming from penetrating through the cover material.
  • a firm connection between cover, lamination and foam core is achieved even without separate fastening elements.
  • Such composite bodies are currently being recycled by tearing and flocculating the entire part, the flakes consisting of foam, laminated foam and fabric articles. If seat heating made of stainless steel wire or seat occupancy detection mats in a mix of copper wire and polycarbonate plastic are then inserted under the covers, the flakes may also be contaminated with these materials.
  • the flake mix obtained in this way is currently pressed under pressure with the addition of adhesives into blocks and processed into parts such as acoustic and absorption parts. After this part life has ended, recycling is only possible thermally due to the high level of contamination.
  • cover materials are often flame-laminated with a cut foam layer and a fabric layer applied to the back of the poster carrier, which is usually made of polyurethane.
  • a fabric layer applied to the back of the poster carrier, which is usually made of polyurethane.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method which enables a simple and as far as possible sorting of foam and cover or outer layer in the case of foam-backed parts and laminated fabrics.
  • a liquid preferably water
  • the entire composite body is then subjected to a microwave or ultrasonic wave treatment.
  • the wave treatment causes the liquid introduced to vibrate so large that the connection between the outer layer or the outer shell and the inner foam layer or the foam core can be released in a simple manner. Such an effect cannot be achieved with such high efficiency by normal heat treatment or by steam.
  • This process is particularly well suited for removing upholstery fabrics from foam-backed parts or laminated fabrics.
  • the method can be used, for example, for a headrest covered with fabric, leather or synthetic leather or for a cushion part of a motor vehicle.
  • the liquid can expediently be introduced by spraying the composite body with the liquid, which can then penetrate to the transition area.
  • the composite body can also be immersed in the liquid.
  • the liquid can be introduced or injected by needle puncture.
  • the liquid can be introduced from the front or back of the outer layer or outer shell. Water can advantageously be used as the liquid, to which additional minerals can be added.
  • the process is described using the example of a component covered with a textile cover fabric and manufactured using the back-foaming process, e.g. a headrest or a cushion part of a motor vehicle.
  • the component is first sprayed on the outside with a fine water mist (approx. 3 bar). The water is absorbed by the fabric cover and sinks to the transition area between the cover fabric and the lamination foam. After a specified exposure time, the entire foam-backed component is exposed to microwave radiation of approximately 200 to 1000 watts. After this treatment, the fabric cover can be removed from the upholstery carrier with almost no foam particles.
  • the water or another suitable liquid can be brought into the transition area between foam and leather using the finest needle puncture. This can be done from the front (piercing the leather) as well as from the rear (piercing the foam).
  • the vibrations used for the separation can also be generated by an ultrasonic sound generator, such as an ultrasonic sonotrode.
  • the invention is not limited to the separation of foam and fabric or leather described above with foam-backed parts and laminated fabrics. It can be used wherever a sort-free separation of composite bodies with a core or an inner layer of foam and an outer layer or an outer shell made of textile material, leather, synthetic leather or plastic is to be achieved.

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for the separation of composites bodies, comprising at least one inner layer or a core of foam and an outer layer, at least partly covering the foam layer or the foam core, made from a textile material, plastic, synthetic leather or leather. According to the invention, a simple separation of the composite bodies, as selective as possible can be achieved, whereby a fluid is applied in the transition region between the inner layer or the core and the outer layer or outer sleeve. The composite body is then subjected to a microwave or ultrasound treatment.

Description

Verfahren zum Trennen von Verbundkörpern Process for separating composite bodies
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Trennen von Verbundkörpern, die zumindest eine innere Schicht oder einen Kern aus Schaumstoff und eine die Schaumstoffschicht bzw. den Schaumstoffkern zumindest teilweise bedeckende Außenschicht oder Außenhülle aus textilem Material, Kunststoff, Kunstleder oder Leder aufweisen.The invention relates to a method for separating composite bodies which have at least one inner layer or a core made of foam and an outer layer or outer covering at least partially covering the foam layer or the foam core made of textile material, plastic, synthetic leather or leather.
Verbundkörper der eingangs genannten Art werden in großem Umfang z.B. in der Kraftfahrzeugindustrie, der Möbelindustrie oder auch der Gebrauchsgüterindustrie eingesetzt. In der Kraftfahrzeugindustrie werden u.a. Sitz- und Rückenelemente, Kopfstützen aber auch Abdeckungen, Verkleidungen, Mittelkonsolen oder Armaturentafeln als Verbundkörper hergestellt. Die Herstellung der vorstehend beschriebenen Verbundkörper erfolgt vielfach durch die sogenannte Hinterschäumtechnologie. Hierbei werden die meist vorbehandelten Bezugstoffe oder vorgeformten Kunststoff-Außenhäute in ein bezugskonturfolgendes Schäumwerkzeug eingelegt und mit einem Schaumkunststoff hinterschäumt. Wenn die Außenhülle bzw. der Bezug aus textilen Materialien, Kunstleder oder Leder besteht, müssen diese vor dem eigentlichen Hinterschäumen derart vorbehandelt werden, daß der beim Einspritzen in das Schäumwerkzeug zunächst flüssige Schaum nicht auf die Außenseite des Bezuges oder dgl. dringt. Die erfolgt z.B. dadurch, dass die Bezugsstoffe mit einer 2 bis 5 mm starken Schnittschaumschicht und einer auf der Rückseite der Schaumschicht aufgetragenen Chamoise (Gewebe aus Polyethylen) flammkaschiert werden. Hierbei wird die Schnittschaumschicht unmittelbar vor dem Aufbringen auf die Rückseite des Bezugsstoffes mittels einer Gasflamme angeschmolzen. Durch eine danach über ein Walzenwerk erfolgende Verpressung von Schaum und Bezugsstoff wird bewirkt, dass der angeschmolzene Schaum ca. 0,2 mm tief in das Gewebe eindringt und dieses fixiert. Die so hergestellte Kaschierung bildet eine Trennschicht, die verhindert, daß der beim anschließenden Hinterschäumen flüssig eingebrachte Schaumstoff durch den Bezugsstoff dringt. Bei so hergestellten Verbundkörpern wird auch ohne gesonderte Befestigungselemente eine feste Verbindung zwischen Bezug, Kaschierung und Schaumstoffkern erreicht.Composite bodies of the type mentioned are widely used e.g. used in the automotive industry, the furniture industry or the consumer goods industry. In the automotive industry, i.a. Seat and back elements, headrests but also covers, cladding, center consoles or dashboards manufactured as a composite body. The composite bodies described above are often produced by the so-called back-foaming technology. Here, the mostly pre-treated upholstery fabrics or preformed plastic outer skins are placed in a foam mold following the reference contour and back-foamed with a foam plastic. If the outer cover or the cover consists of textile materials, synthetic leather or leather, these must be pretreated before the actual back-foaming in such a way that the liquid foam which is initially liquid when injected into the foaming tool does not penetrate the outside of the cover or the like. This is done e.g. in that the cover fabrics are flame-laminated with a 2 to 5 mm thick cut foam layer and a chamoise (polyethylene fabric) applied to the back of the foam layer. Here, the cut foam layer is melted by means of a gas flame immediately before being applied to the back of the cover fabric. A subsequent pressing of foam and cover material via a roller mill causes the melted foam to penetrate about 0.2 mm deep into the fabric and fix it. The lamination produced in this way forms a separating layer which prevents the foam which has been introduced during the subsequent back-foaming from penetrating through the cover material. In composite bodies produced in this way, a firm connection between cover, lamination and foam core is achieved even without separate fastening elements.
Bei der Wiederverwertung derartiger Verbundkörper ergibt sich allerdings die Problematik, daß die einzelnen Schichten so fest miteinander verbunden sind, daß eine einfache Trennung nicht ohne weiteres möglich ist. Ein Wiederverwertung solcher Verbundköφer erfolgt zur Zeit durch Zerreißen und Verflocken der gesamten Teile, wobei die Flocken aus Schaum, Kaschierschaum und Stof artikeln bestehen. Wenn dann unter die Bezüge auch noch Sitzheizungen aus Edelstahldraht oder Sitzbelegungserkennungsmatten im Mix von Kupferdraht und Polykarbon-Kunststoff eingelegt sind, sind die Flocken u.U. auch mit diesen Materialien kontaminiert. Der so gewonnene Flockenmix wird gegenwärtig unter Zugabe von Klebstoffen mit Druck zu Blöcken veφreßt und zu Teilen wie Akustik- und Absoφtionsteilen verarbeitet. Nach Ende dieses Teilelebens ist aufgrund der hohen Kontamination eine Wiederverwertung nur noch thermisch möglich.When recycling such composite bodies, however, the problem arises that the individual layers are so firmly connected to one another that a simple separation is not easily possible. Such composite bodies are currently being recycled by tearing and flocculating the entire part, the flakes consisting of foam, laminated foam and fabric articles. If seat heating made of stainless steel wire or seat occupancy detection mats in a mix of copper wire and polycarbonate plastic are then inserted under the covers, the flakes may also be contaminated with these materials. The flake mix obtained in this way is currently pressed under pressure with the addition of adhesives into blocks and processed into parts such as acoustic and absorption parts. After this part life has ended, recycling is only possible thermally due to the high level of contamination.
Auch bei der konventionellen Bezugstechnologie werden die Bezugstoffe zum leichteren Beziehen der in der Regel aus Polyurethan bestehenden Posterträger vielfach mit einer Schnittschaumschicht und einer auf deren Rückseite aufgetragenen Gewebeschicht flammkaschiert. Auch hier ergibt sich das Problem einer sortenfreien Trennung von Stoff und Schaum.In conventional cover technology, too, the cover materials are often flame-laminated with a cut foam layer and a fabric layer applied to the back of the poster carrier, which is usually made of polyurethane. Here too there is the problem of a sort-free separation of fabric and foam.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren zum schaffen, das ein einfaches und möglichst sortenreines Trennen von Schaumstoff und Bezug bzw. Außenschicht bei hinterschäumten Teilen und kaschierten Stoffen ermöglicht.The object of the invention is to provide a method which enables a simple and as far as possible sorting of foam and cover or outer layer in the case of foam-backed parts and laminated fabrics.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Zweckmäßige Ausgestaltungen und vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.This object is achieved by a method with the features of claim 1. Expedient refinements and advantageous developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird in den Übergangsbereich zwischen der inneren Schicht oder dem Kern und der Außenschicht bzw. der Außenhülle zunächst eine Flüssigkeit, vorzugsweise Wasser eingebracht. Anschließend wird der gesamte Verbundköφer einer Mikrowellen- oder Ultraschallwellenbehandlung unterzogen. Durch die Wellenbehandlung wird die eingebrachte Flüssigkeit in so große Schwingung versetzt, dass die Verbindung zwischen der Außenschicht bzw. der Außenhülle und der inneren Schaumstoffschicht oder dem Schaumstoffkern auf einfache Weise gelöst werden kann. Ein derartiger Effekt ist mit einer so hohen Effizienz durch normale Wärmebehandlung oder mittels Dampf nicht erreichbar. Besonders gut ist dieses Verfahren zum Ablösen von Bezugsstoffen von hinterschäumten Teilen oder kaschierten Stoffen geeignet. Das Verfahren ist z.B. für eine mit Stoff, Leder oder Kunstleder bezogene Kopfstütze oder ein Polsterteil eines Kraftfahrzeugs verwendbar.In the method according to the invention, a liquid, preferably water, is first introduced into the transition region between the inner layer or the core and the outer layer or the outer shell. The entire composite body is then subjected to a microwave or ultrasonic wave treatment. The wave treatment causes the liquid introduced to vibrate so large that the connection between the outer layer or the outer shell and the inner foam layer or the foam core can be released in a simple manner. Such an effect cannot be achieved with such high efficiency by normal heat treatment or by steam. This process is particularly well suited for removing upholstery fabrics from foam-backed parts or laminated fabrics. The method can be used, for example, for a headrest covered with fabric, leather or synthetic leather or for a cushion part of a motor vehicle.
Wenn es sich bei Außenschicht oder Außenhülle um einen textilen Stoff oder ein Gewebe handelt, kann die Flüssigkeit zweckmäßigerweise dadurch eingebracht werden, dass der Verbundköφer mit der Flüssigkeit besprüht wird, die dann bis zum Übergangsbereich eindringen kann. Der Verbundköφer kann aber auch in die Flüssigkeit eingetaucht werden. Bei Leder, Kunstleder oder Kunststoff kann die Flüssigkeit durch Nadelpunktion eingebracht oder injiziert werden. Die Flüssigkeit kann von der Vorder- oder Rückseite der Außenschicht oder Außenhülle eingebracht werden. Als Flüssigkeit kann zweckmäßigerweise Wasser verwendet werden, dem zusätzliche Mineralien zugesetzt werden können.If the outer layer or outer shell is a textile substance or a fabric, the liquid can expediently be introduced by spraying the composite body with the liquid, which can then penetrate to the transition area. The composite body can also be immersed in the liquid. In the case of leather, synthetic leather or plastic, the liquid can be introduced or injected by needle puncture. The liquid can be introduced from the front or back of the outer layer or outer shell. Water can advantageously be used as the liquid, to which additional minerals can be added.
Weitere Besonderheiten und Vorzüge der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der folgenden Beschreibung bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele.Further special features and advantages of the invention result from the following description of preferred exemplary embodiments.
Im folgenden wird das Verfahren am Beispiel eines mit textilem Bezugsstoff bezogenen und im Hinterschäumverfahren hergestellten Bauteils, wie z.B. eine Kopfstütze oder ein Polsterteil eines Kraftfahrzeugs, beschrieben. Für die Trennung von Stoffbezug und Schaumstoffkern wird das Bauteil zunächst an der Außenseite mit einem feinen Wassernebel (ca. 3bar) besprüht. Das Wasser wird von dem Stoffbezug aufgenommen und sinkt bis zum Übergangsbereich zwischen dem Bezugsstoff und dem Kaschierschaum ein. Nach einer vorgegebenen Einwirkzeit wird das gesamte hinterschäumte Bauteil einer Mikrowellenbestrahlung von ca. 200 bis 1000 Watt ausgesetzt. Nach dieser Behandlung kann der Stoffbezug nahezu schaumpartikelfrei vom Polsterträger abgenommen werden.In the following, the process is described using the example of a component covered with a textile cover fabric and manufactured using the back-foaming process, e.g. a headrest or a cushion part of a motor vehicle. To separate the fabric cover and foam core, the component is first sprayed on the outside with a fine water mist (approx. 3 bar). The water is absorbed by the fabric cover and sinks to the transition area between the cover fabric and the lamination foam. After a specified exposure time, the entire foam-backed component is exposed to microwave radiation of approximately 200 to 1000 watts. After this treatment, the fabric cover can be removed from the upholstery carrier with almost no foam particles.
Im Fall von hinterschäumten Lederbezügen kann das Wasser oder eine andere geeignete Flüssigkeit mit Hilfe feinster Nadelpunktion in den Übergangsbereich von Schaum und Leder gebracht werden. Dies kann sowohl von der Vorderseite (Durchstoßen des Leders) als auch von der Rückseite (Durchstoßen des Schaums) erfolgen.In the case of back-foamed leather covers, the water or another suitable liquid can be brought into the transition area between foam and leather using the finest needle puncture. This can be done from the front (piercing the leather) as well as from the rear (piercing the foam).
Bei Versuchen hat sich gezeigt, dass durch Zugabe von Mineralien zu der Flüssigkeit, hier hat sich Chromsalz besonders bewährt, der Ablöseeffekt verstärkt wird und die Behandlungszeit verkürzt werden kann. Neben der vorstehend beschrieben Behandlung der Verbundköφer mit Mikrowellen können die für die Trennung eingesetzten Schwingungen auch durch einen Ultraschallschallerzeuger, wie z.B. eine Ultraschallsonotrode, erzeugt werden.Tests have shown that by adding minerals to the liquid, chromium salt has proven particularly useful, the peeling effect is increased and the treatment time can be shortened. In addition to the treatment of the composite body with microwaves described above, the vibrations used for the separation can also be generated by an ultrasonic sound generator, such as an ultrasonic sonotrode.
Die Erfindung ist nicht auf die vorstehend beschriebene Trennung von Schaum und Stoff bzw. Leder bei hinterschäumten Teilen und kaschierten Stoffen beschränkt. Sie ist überall dort einsetzbar, wo eine möglichst sortenfreie Trennung von Verbundköφern mit einem Kern oder einer inneren Schicht aus Schaumstoff und einer Außenschicht oder einer Außenhülle aus textilem Material, Leder, Kunstleder oder Kunststoff erreicht werden soll. The invention is not limited to the separation of foam and fabric or leather described above with foam-backed parts and laminated fabrics. It can be used wherever a sort-free separation of composite bodies with a core or an inner layer of foam and an outer layer or an outer shell made of textile material, leather, synthetic leather or plastic is to be achieved.

Claims

Ansprüche Expectations
1. Verfahren zum Trennen von Verbundköφern, die zumindest eine innere Schicht oder einen Kern aus Schaumstoff und eine die Schaumstoffschicht bzw. den Schaumstoffkern zumindest teilweise bedeckende Außenschicht oder Außenhülle aus textilem Material, Kunststoff, Kunstleder oder Leder aufweisen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in den Übergangsbereich zwischen der inneren Schicht oder dem Kern und der Außenschicht bzw. der Außenhülle eine Flüssigkeit eingebracht wird und dass der Verbundköφer anschließend einer Mikrowellen- oder Ultraschallwellenbehandlung unterzogen wird.1. A method for separating composite bodies which have at least one inner layer or a core made of foam and an outer layer or outer shell made of textile material, plastic, synthetic leather or leather at least partially covering the foam layer or the foam core, characterized in that in the transition area a liquid is introduced between the inner layer or the core and the outer layer or the outer shell and that the composite body is subsequently subjected to a microwave or ultrasonic wave treatment.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verbundköφer mit der Flüssigkeit besprüht wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the Verbundköφer is sprayed with the liquid.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verbundköφer in die Flüssigkeit eingetaucht wird.3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the Verbundköφer is immersed in the liquid.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Flüssigkeit in den Verbundköφer durch Nadelpunktion eingebracht wird.4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the liquid is introduced into the composite body by needle puncture.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Flüssigkeit in den Verbundköφer injiziert wird.5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the liquid is injected into the composite body.
6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Flüssigkeit von der Vorderseite und/oder der Rückseite Außenschicht oder Außenhülle eingebracht wird.6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the liquid is introduced from the front and / or the back outer layer or outer shell.
7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Flüssigkeit Wasser verwendet wird.7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that water is used as the liquid.
8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Flüssigkeit Mineralien, vorzugsweise Chromsalz, zugegeben werden. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that minerals, preferably chromium salt, are added to the liquid. Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the
Verbundköφer ein hinterschäumtes Bauteil mit einem Bezug aus textilem Material, Leder oder Kunstleder ist. Composite body is a foam-backed component with a cover made of textile material, leather or synthetic leather.
PCT/EP2003/014885 2003-03-22 2003-12-24 Method for the separation of composite bodies WO2004082938A1 (en)

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