WO2004078128A2 - Substituted pyridine derivatives useful in the treatment of cancer and other disorders - Google Patents
Substituted pyridine derivatives useful in the treatment of cancer and other disorders Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004078128A2 WO2004078128A2 PCT/US2004/006295 US2004006295W WO2004078128A2 WO 2004078128 A2 WO2004078128 A2 WO 2004078128A2 US 2004006295 W US2004006295 W US 2004006295W WO 2004078128 A2 WO2004078128 A2 WO 2004078128A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- phenyl
- amino
- linear
- chloro
- pyridine
- Prior art date
Links
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- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 title claims description 27
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- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 title description 3
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D413/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
- A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/78—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
- C07D213/81—Amides; Imides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/78—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
- C07D213/83—Thioacids; Thioesters; Thioamides; Thioimides
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- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/78—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
- C07D213/86—Hydrazides; Thio or imino analogues thereof
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- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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- C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D405/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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- C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
- C07D413/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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- C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D417/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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- C07D417/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing three or more hetero rings
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Definitions
- This invention relates to novel compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds and the use of those compounds or compositions for treating hyper-proliferative and angiogenesis disorders, as a sole agent or in combination with other active ingredients, e.g., cytotoxic therapies.
- Raf kinase a downstream effector of ras, is recognized as a key mediator of these signals from cell surface receptors to the cell nucleus (Lowy, D. R.; Willumsen, B. M. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 1993, 62, 851 ; Bos, J. L. Cancer Res. 1989, 49, 4682).
- tumor cells require a functional stroma, a support structure consisting of fibroblast, smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, extracellular matrix proteins, and soluble factors (Folkman, J., Semin Oncol, 2002. 29(6 Suppl 16), 15-8).
- Tumors induce the formation of stromal tissues through the secretion of soluble growth factors such as PDGF and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), which in turn stimulate the secretion of complimentary factors by host cells such as fibroblast growth factor (FGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).
- FGF fibroblast growth factor
- EGF epidermal growth factor
- VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor
- FGF fibroblast growth factor
- EGF epidermal growth factor
- VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor
- an agent targeting a single pathway may have limited efficacy. It is desirable to provide treatment against a number of key signaling pathways utilized by tumors to induce angiogenesis in the host stroma. These include PDGF, a potent stimulator of stroma formation (Ostman, A. and CH. Heldin, Adv Cancer Res, 2001 , 80, 1-38), FGF, a chemo-attractant and mitogen for fibroblasts and endothelial cells, and VEGF, a potent regulator of vascularization.
- PDGF a potent stimulator of stroma formation
- FGF a chemo-attractant and mitogen for fibroblasts and endothelial cells
- VEGF a potent regulator of vascularization.
- PDGF is another key regulator of stromal formation which is secreted by many tumors in a paracrine fashion and is believed to promote the growth of fibroblasts, smooth muscle and endothelial cells, promoting stroma formation and angiogenesis.
- PDGF was originally identified as the v-sis oncogene product of the simian sarcoma virus (Heldin, C.H., et al., J Cell Sci Suppl, 1985, 3, 65-76).
- the growth factor is made up of two peptide chains, referred to as A or B chains which share 60% homology in their primary amino acid sequence.
- the chains are disulfide cross linked to form the 30 kDa mature protein composed of either AA, BB or AB homo- or heterodimmers.
- PDGF is found at high levels in platelets, and is expressed by endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. In addition, the production of PDGF is up regulated under low oxygen conditions such as those found in poorly vascularized tumor tissue (Kourembanas, S., et al., Kidney Int, 1997, 51 (2), 438-43). PDGF binds with high affinity to the PDGF receptor, a 1106 amino acid 124 kDa transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor (Heldin, C.H., A. Ostman, and L.
- PDGFR is found as homo- or heterodimer chains which have 30% homology overall in their amino acid sequence and 64% homology between their kinase domains (Heldin, C.H., et al.. Embo J, 1988, 7(5), 1387-93).
- PDGFR is a member of a family of tyrosine kinase receptors with split kinase domains that includes VEGFR2 (KDR), VEGFR3 (Flt4), c- Kit, and FLT3.
- the PDGF receptor is expressed primarily on fibroblast, smooth muscle cells, and pericytes and to a lesser extent on neurons, kidney mesangial, Leydig, and Schwann cells of the central nervous system. Upon binding to the receptor, PDGF induces receptor dimerization and undergoes auto- and trans- phosphorylation of tyrosine residues which increase the receptors' kinase activity and promotes the recruitment of downstream effectors through the activation of SH2 protein binding domains.
- a number of signaling molecules form complexes with activated PDGFR including PI-3-kinase, phospholipase C-gamma, src and GAP (GTPase activating protein for p21-ras) (Soskic, V., et al. Biochemistry, 1999, 38(6), 1757-64).
- Pl-3-kinase PDGF activates the Rho signaling pathway inducing cell motility and migration, and through the activation of GAP, induces mitogenesis through the activation of p21-ras and the MAPK signaling pathway.
- PDGF blood vessel homeostasis
- PDGF is found at high concentrations in platelets and is a potent chemoattractant for fibroblast, smooth muscle cells, neutrophils and macrophages. In addition to its role in wound healing PDGF is known to help maintain vascular homeostasis. During the development of new blood vessels, PDGF recruits pericytes and smooth muscle cells that are needed for the structural integrity of the vessels. PDGF is thought to play a similar role during tumor neovascularization.
- PDGF interstitial fluid pressure
- Inhibiting PDGFR activity can lower interstitial pressure and facilitate the influx of cytotoxics into tumors improving the anti-tumor efficacy of these agents (Pietras, K., et al. Cancer Res, 2002. 62(19), 5476-84; Pietras, K., et al. Cancer Res, 2001. 61 (7), 2929-34).
- PDGF can promote tumor growth through either the paracrine or autocrine stimulation of PDGFR receptors on stromal cells or tumor cells directly, or through the amplification of the receptor or activation of the receptor by recombination.
- Over expressed PDGF can transform human melanoma cells and keratinocytes (Forsberg, K., et al. Proc NatlAcad Sci U S A., 1993. 90(2), 393-7; Skobe, M. and N.E. Fusenig, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1998. 95(3), 1050-5), two cell types that do not express PDGF receptors, presumably by the direct effect of PDGF on stroma formation and induction of angiogenesis.
- CMML chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
- PDGFR inhibitors will interfere with tumor stromal development and are believed to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis.
- VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor
- VPF vascular permeability factor
- VEGF expression is reported to be induced by hypoxia (Shweiki et al. Nature 1992, 359, 843), as well as by a variety of cytokines and growth factors, such as interleukin-1 , interleukin-6, epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor. To date, VEGF and the VEGF family members have been reported to bind to one or more of three transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases (Mustonen et al. J.
- VEGF receptor-1 also known as flt-1 (fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 )
- VEGFR-2 also known as kinase insert domain containing receptor (KDR); the murine analogue of KDR is known as fetal liver kinase-1 (flk-1 )
- VEGFR-3 also known as flt-4.
- KDR and flt-1 have been shown to have different signal transduction properties (Waltenberger et al. J. Biol. Chem. 1994, 269, 26988); Park et al. Oncogene 1995, 10, 135).
- KDR undergoes strong ligand-dependant tyrosine phosphorylation in intact cells, whereas flt-1 displays a weak response.
- binding to KDR is believed to be a critical requirement for induction of the full spectrum of VEGF-mediated biological responses.
- VEGF plays a central role in vasculogenesis, and induces angiogenesis and permeabilization of blood vessels.
- Deregulated VEGF expression contributes to the development of a number of diseases that are characterized by abnormal angiogenesis and/or hyperpermeability processes. It is believed regulation of the VEGF-mediated signal transduction cascade by some agents can provide a useful mode for control of abnormal angiogenesis and/or hyperpermeability processes.
- Angiogenesis is regarded as an important prerequisite for growth of tumors beyond about 1-2 mm. Oxygen and nutrients may be supplied to cells in tumor smaller than this limit through diffusion. However, it is believed every tumor is dependent on angiogenesis for continued growth after it has reached a certain size. Tumorigenic cells within hypoxic regions of tumors respond by stimulation of VEGF production, which triggers activation of quiescent endothelial cells to stimulate new blood vessel formation. (Shweiki et al. Proc. Nat'l. Acad. Sci., 1995, 92, 768). In addition, VEGF production in tumor regions where there is no angiogenesis may proceed through the ras signal transduction pathway (Grugel et al. J. Biol.
- VEGF mRNA is strongly upregulated in a wide variety of human tumors, including lung (Mattern et al. Br. J. Cancer 1996, 73, 931 ), thyroid (Viglietto et al. Oncogene 1995, 11, 1569), breast (Brown et al. Human Pathol. 1995, 26, 86), gastrointestinal tract (Brown et al. Cancer Res. 1993, 53, 4727; Suzuki et al. Cancer Res. 1996, 56, 3004), kidney and bladder (Brown et al. Am. J. Pathol.
- VEGF intraocular angiogenesis
- ischemic retinal-vein occlusion a cascade of events
- retinopathy of prematurity a number of retinopathies, including diabetic retinopathy, ischemic retinal-vein occlusion, and retinopathy of prematurity (Aiello et al. New Engl. J. Med. 1994, 331, 1480; Peer et al. Lab. Invest. 1995, 72, 638), and age-related macular degeneration (AMD; see, Lopez et al. Invest. Opththalmol. Vis. Sci. 1996, 37, 855).
- AMD age-related macular degeneration
- rheumatoid arthritis In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the in-growth of vascular pannus may be mediated by production of angiogenic factors. Levels of immunoreactive VEGF are high in the synovial fluid of RA patients, while VEGF levels were low in the synovial fluid of patients with other forms of arthritis of with degenerative joint disease (Koch et al. J. Immunol. 1994, 152, 4149).
- the angiogenesis inhibitor AGM-170 has been shown to prevent neovascularization of the joint in the rat collagen arthritis model (Peacock et al. J. Exper. Med. 1992, 75, 1135).
- VEGF expression has also been shown in psoriatic skin, as well as bullous disorders associated with subepidermal blister formation, such as bullous pemphigoid, erythema multiforme, and dermatitis herpetiformis (Brown et al. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1995, 104, 744).
- VEGF, VEGF-C, VEGF-D vascular endothelial growth factors
- VEGFR2, VEGFR3 vascular endothelial growth factors
- VEGF, VEGF-C and VEGF-D are expressed in most tumors, primarily during periods of tumor growth and, often at substantially increased levels.
- VEGF expression is stimulated by hypoxia, cytokines, oncogenes such as ras, or by inactivation of tumor suppressor genes (McMahon, G. Oncologist 2000, 5(Suppl. 1), 3-10; McDonald, N.Q.; Hendrickson, W.A. Cell 1993, 73, 421-424).
- VEGFR3 (also called Flt-4) is predominantly expressed on lymphatic endothelium in normal adult tissues. VEGFR3 function is needed for new lymphatic vessel formation, but not for maintenance of the pre-existing lymphatics. VEGFR3 is also upregulated on blood vessel endothelium in tumors. Recently VEGF-C and VEGF-D, ligands for VEGFR3, have been identified as regulators of lymphangiogenesis in mammals. Lymphangiogenesis induced by tumor-associated lymphangiogenic factors could promote the growth of new vessels into the tumor, providing tumor cells access to systemic circulation. Cells that invade the lymphatics could find their way into the bloodstream via the thoracic duct.
- VEGF-C, VEGF-D and VEGFR3 expression have allowed a direct comparison of VEGF-C, VEGF-D and VEGFR3 expression with clinicopathological factors that relate directly to the ability of primary tumors to spread (e.g., lymph node involvement, lymphatic invasion, secondary metastases, and disease-free survival). In many instances, these studies demonstrate a statistical correlation between the expression of lymphangiogenic factors and the ability of a primary solid tumor to metastasize (Skobe, M. et al. Nature Med. 2001 , 7(2), 192-198; Stacker, S.A. et al.. Nature Med. 2001, 7(2), 186- 191 ; Makinen, T. et al. Nature Med.
- hypoxia appears to be an important stimulus for VEGF production in malignant cells.
- Activation of p38 MAP kinase is required for VEGF induction by tumor cells in response to hypoxia (Blaschke, F. et al. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2002, 296, 890-896; Shemirani, B. et al. Oral Oncology 2002, 38, 251- 257).
- p38 MAP kinase promotes malignant cell invasion, and migration of different tumor types through regulation of collagenase activity and urokinase plasminogen activator expression (Laferriere, J. et al. J. Biol.
- diarylureas have been described as having activity as serine-threonine kinase and/or as tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
- the ultility of these diarylureas as an active ingredient in pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of cancer, angiogenesis disorders, and inflammatory disorders has been demonstated. See Redman et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2001 , 11, 9-12; Smith et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2001 , 11, 2775-2778; Dumas et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2000, 10, 2047-2050; Dumas et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.
- compositions containing any of such compounds and (iii) use of those compounds or compositions for treating diseases, e.g., hyper- proliferative and angiogenesis disorders, as a sole agent or in combination with other active ingredients, e.g., cytotoxic therapies.
- diseases e.g., hyper- proliferative and angiogenesis disorders
- other active ingredients e.g., cytotoxic therapies.
- A is phenyl, naphthyl, mono- or bi-cyclic heteroaryl, or a group of the formula optionally substituted with 1-4 substituents which are independently R 1 , OR 1 , S(O) p R 1 , C(0)R 1 , C(0)OR 1 , C(0)NR 1 R 2 , halogen, hydroxy, amino, cyano, or nitro;
- B is phenyl, naphthyl, or pyridyl, optionally substituted with 1-4 substituents which are independently C 1 -C 5 linear or branched alkyl, C 1 -C 5 linear or branched haloalkyl, C C 3 alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, C ⁇ -C 3 alkylamino, Ci-Ce dialkylamino, halogen, cyano, or nitro.
- B is preferably phenyl or pyridyl, optionally substituted with 1-4 substituents which are independently C 1 -C5 linear or branched alkyl, C C 5 linear or branched haloalkyl, C C 3 alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, C 1 -C 3 alkylamino, C 1 -C 3 dialkylamino, halogen, cyano, or nitro.
- L is a bridging group which is:
- m and I are independently selected from 0-4 and are typically selected from 0-2.
- L is most preferably -O- or -S-.
- M is a pyridine ring, optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents which are independently C1-C 5 linear or branched alkyl, C 1 -C5 linear or branched haloalkyl, C C 3 alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, C C 3 alkylamino, Ci-C ⁇ dialkylamino, halogen, or nitro.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 13 , R 4 and R 5 is independently
- the substituent X is a 5 or 6 membered heterocyclic ring, containing at least one atom selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur, which is saturated, partially saturated, or aromatic, or a 8-10 membered bicyclic heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, N and S.
- R 4 and R 5 taken together may form a 5 or 6 membered aliphatic ring, which may be interrupted by an atom selected from N, O or S.
- This is optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents which are independently C- 1 -C 5 linear or branched alkyl, up to perhalo substituted C 1 -C 5 linear or branched alkyl, C C 3 alkoxy, hydroxy, oxo, carboxy, amino, C ⁇ -C 3 alkylamino, CrC 6 dialkylamino, halogen, cyano, or nitro.
- R 6 is independently:
- R 6 is preferably independently:
- R 6 is independently:
- R 7 is hydrogen, or C C 5 linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl.
- variable q is an integer 0, 1 , 2, 3, or 4.
- variable p is an integer 0, 1 , or
- a group of compounds of interest are compounds of formula (I), salts, metabolites and prodrugs thereof, including diastereoisomeric forms (both isolated stereoisomers and mixtures of stereoisomers) wherein
- A is substituted on any carbon atom by 0-4 substituents independently R 1 , OR 1 , S(0) p R , C(0)R 1 , C(0)OR 1 , C(0)NR 1 R 2 , halogen, hydroxy, amino, cyano, or nitro; and B, L ,M and Q of formula I are as defined above.
- B is preferably phenyl or pyridyl, optionally substituted with 1-4 substituents which are independently C ⁇ Cs linear or branched alkyl, C 1 -C 5 linear or branched haloalkyl, C-i-C 3 alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, C ⁇ -C 3 alkylamino, CrC 6 dialkylamino, halogen, cyano, or nitro.
- L is preferably -0-
- M is preferably a pyridine ring substituted only by Q, and Q is preferably C(S)NR 4 R 5 ;
- R 1 , R 2 , R 4 and R 5 is preferably, independently:
- R 6 is preferably independently:
- Another group of compounds of interest are compounds of formula (I), salts, metabolites and prodrugs thereof, including diastereoisomeric forms (both isolated stereoisomers and mixtures of stereoisomers) wherein
- B, L, M and Q of formula I are as defined above, and the preferred values for B, L, M and Q of formula I are as defined above.
- any moiety When any moiety is "substituted", it can have up to the highest number of indicated substituents, and each substituent can be located at any available position on the moiety and can be attached through any available atom on the substituent. "Any available position” means any position on the moiety that is chemically accessible through means known in the art or taught herein and that does not create an unduly unstable molecule. When there are two or more substituents on any moiety, each substituent is defined independently of any other substituent and can, accordingly, be the same or different.
- M is pyridine
- hydroxy as a pyridine substituent includes 2-, 3-, and 4-hydroxy ⁇ yridine, but also includes those structures referred to in the art as 1-oxo-pyridine, 1-hydroxy-pyridine and pyridine N-oxide.
- CrC 5 alkyl means straight or branched chain alkyl groups having from one to five carbon atoms, which may be linear or branched with single or multiple branching. Such groups include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, ferf-butyl, and the like.
- haloCi-Cs alkyl means a saturated hydrocarbon radical having up to five carbon atoms, which is substituted with a least one halogen atom, up to perhalo.
- the radical may be linear or branched with single or multiple branching.
- the halo substituent(s) include fluoro, chloro, bromo, or iodo. Fluoro, chloro and bromo are preferred, and fluoro and chloro are more preferred.
- the halogen substituent(s) can be located on any available carbon. When more than one halogen substituent is present on this moiety, they may be the same or different.
- halogenated alkyl substituents include but are not limited to chloromethyl, dichloromethyl, trichloromethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, 2,2,2- trifluoroethyl, and 1 ,1 ,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl, and the like.
- C-i-C 3 alkoxy means straight or branched chain alkoxy group having from one to three saturated carbon atoms which may be linear or branched with single or multiple branching, and includes such groups as methoxy, ethoxy, n- propoxy, isopropoxy, and the like. It also includes halogenated groups such as 2,2- dichloroethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, and the like.
- Halo or halogen means fluoro, chloro, bromo, or iodo. Fluoro, chloro and bromo are preferred, and fluoro and chloro are more preferred.
- CrC 3 alkylamine means methylamino, ethylamino, propylamino or isopropylamino.
- C-i-C ⁇ dialkylamine examples include but are not limited to diethylamino, ethyl-isopropylamino, methyl-isobytulamino and dihexylamino.
- heteroaryl refers to both monocyclic and bicyclic heteroaryl rings.
- Monocyclic heteroaryl means an aromatic monocyclic rings having 5 to 6 ring atoms, at least one of which is a hetero atom selected from N, O and S, the remaining atoms being carbon. When more than one hetero atom is present in the moiety, they are selected independently from the other(s) so that they may be the same or different.
- Monocyclic heteroaryl rings include, but are not limited to pyrrole, furan, thiophene, imidazole, pyrazole, thiazole, oxazole, isoxazole, isothiazole, triazole, tetrazole, thiadiazole, oxadiazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, pyrazine, and triazine.
- Bicyclic heteroaryl means fused bicyclic moieties where one of the rings is chosen from the monocyclic heteroaryl rings described above and the second ring is either benzene or another monocyclic heteroaryl ring described above.
- both rings in the bicyclic moiety are heteroaryl rings, they may be the same or different, as long as they are chemically accessible by means known in the art.
- Bicyclic heteroaryl rings include synthetically accessible 5-5, 5-6, or 6-6 fused bicyclic aromatic structures including, for example but not by way of limitation, benzoxazole (fused benzene and oxazole), indazole (fused benzene and pyrazole), quinoline (fused phenyl and pyridine), quinazoline (fused pyrimidine and benzene), imidazopyrimidine (fused imidazole and pyrimidine), naphtyridine (two fused pyridines), and the like.
- 5 or 6 membered heterocyclic ring, containing at least one atom selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur, which is saturated, partially saturated, or aromatic includes, by no way of limitation, tetrahydropyrane, tetrahydrofurane, 1 ,3- dioxolane, 1 ,4-dioxane, morpholine, thiomorpholine, piperazine, piperidine, piperidinone, tetrahydropyrimidone, pentamethylene sulfide, tetramethylene sulfide, dihydropyrane, dihydrofurane, dihydrothiophene, pyrrole, furan, thiophene, imidazole, pyrazole, thiazole, oxazole, isoxazole, isothiazole, triazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, pyrazine, triazine, and the like.
- Non-limiting examples of Q substituents where R 4 and R 5 taken together may form a 5 or 6 membered aliphatic ring, which may be interrupted by an atom selected from N, O or S, which is optionally substituted include:
- C ⁇ -C 3 phenyl-alkyl includes, by no way of limitation, 3-phenyl- propyl, 2-phenyl-1 -methyl-ethyl. Substituted examples include 2-[2- chloro ⁇ henyl]ethyl, 3,4-dimethylphenyl-methyl, and the like.
- the compounds of Formula I may contain one or more asymmetric centers, depending upon the location and nature of the various substituents desired.
- Asymmetric carbon atoms may be present in the (R) or (S) configuration or (R,S) configuration. In certain instances, asymmetry may also be present due to restricted rotation about a given bond, for example, the central bond adjoining two substituted aromatic rings of the specified compounds. Substituents on a ring may also be present in either cis or trans form. It is intended that all such configurations (including enantiomers and diastereomers), are included within the scope of the present invention.
- Preferred compounds are those with the absolute configuration of the compound of Formula I which produces the more desirable biological activity.
- Separated, pure or partially purified isomers or racemic mixtures of the compounds of this invention are also included within the scope of the present invention. The purification of said isomers and the separation of said isomeric mixtures can be accomplished by standard techniques known in the art.
- the optical isomers can be obtained by resolution of the racemic mixtures according to conventional processes, for example, by the formation of diastereoisomeric salts using an optically active acid or base or formation of covalent diastereomers.
- appropriate acids are tartaric, diacetyltartaric, ditoluoyltartaric and camphorsulfonic acid.
- Mixtures of diastereoisomers can be separated into their individual diastereomers on the basis of their physical and/or chemical differences by methods known in the art, for example, by chromatography or fractional crystallization.
- the optically active bases or acids are then liberated from the separated diastereomeric salts.
- a different process for separation of optical isomers involves the use of chiral chromatography (e.g., chiral HPLC columns), with or without conventional derivation, optimally chosen to maximize the separation of the enantiomers.
- Suitable chiral HPLC columns are manufactured by Diacel, e.g., Chiracel OD and Chiracel OJ among many others, all routinely selectable.
- Enzymatic separations, with or without derivitization, are also useful.
- the optically active compounds of Formula I can likewise be obtained by chiral syntheses utilizing optically active starting materials.
- the present invention also relates to useful forms of the compounds as disclosed herein, such as pharmaceutically acceptable salts, metabolites and prodrugs of all the compounds Formula (I).
- pharmaceutically acceptable salt refers to a relatively non-toxic, inorganic or organic acid addition salt of a compound of the present invention. For example, see S. M. Berge, et al. "Pharmaceutical Salts,” J. Pharm. Sci. 1977, 66, 1-19.
- Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include those obtained by reacting the main compound, functioning as a base, with an inorganic or organic acid to form a salt, for example, salts of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, methane sulfonic acid, camphor sulfonic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, succinic acid and citric acid.
- Pharmaceutically acceptable salts also include those in which the main compound functions as an acid and is reacted with an appropriate base to form, e.g., sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, ammonium, and choline salts.
- acid addition salts of the claimed compounds may be prepared by reaction of the compounds with the appropriate inorganic or organic acid via any of a number of known methods.
- alkali and alkaline earth metal salts are prepared by reacting the compounds of the invention with the appropriate base via a variety of known methods.
- Representative salts of the compounds of this invention include the conventional non-toxic salts and the quaternary ammonium salts which are formed, for example, from inorganic or organic acids or bases by means well known in the art.
- acid addition salts include acetate, adipate, alginate, ascorbate, aspartate, benzoate, benzenesulfonate, bisulfate, butyrate, citrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, cinnamate, cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, fumarate, glucoheptanoate, glycerophosphate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, 2- hydroxyethanesulfonate, itaconate, lactate, maleate, mandelate, methanesulfonate,
- Base salts include alkali metal salts such as potassium and sodium salts, alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium and magnesium salts, and ammonium salts with organic bases such as dicyclohexylamine and N-methyl-D-glucamine. Additionally, basic nitrogen containing groups may be quaternized with such agents as lower alkyl halides such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl chlorides, bromides and iodides; dialkyl sulfates like dimethyl, diethyl, and dibutyl sulfate; and diamyl sulfates, long chain halides such as decyl, lauryl, myristyl and strearyl chlorides, bromides and iodides, aralkyl halides like benzyl and phenethyl bromides and others.
- lower alkyl halides such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl chlorides
- Certain compounds of this invention can be further modified with labile functional groups that are cleaved after in vivo administration to furnish the parent active agent and the pharmacologically inactive derivatizing (functional) group.
- labile functional groups that are cleaved after in vivo administration to furnish the parent active agent and the pharmacologically inactive derivatizing (functional) group.
- prodrugs can be used, for example, to alter the physicochemical properties of the active agent, to target the active agent to a specific tissue, to alter the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the active agent, and to reduce undesirable side effects
- Prodrugs of the invention include, e.g., the esters of appropriate compounds of this invention are well-tolerated, pharmaceutically acceptable esters such as alkyl esters including methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl or pentyl esters. Additional esters such as phenyl-C ⁇ -C 5 alkyl may be used, although methyl ester is preferred.
- the metabolites of the compounds of this invention include oxidized derivatives of the compounds of Formula I, wherein one or more of the nitrogens are substituted with a hydroxy group; which includes derivatives where the nitrogen atom of the pyridine group is in the oxide form, referred to in the art as 1-oxo-pyridine or has a hydroxy substituent, referred to in the art as 1-hydroxy-pyridine.
- variable groups of these methods are as described in the generic description if they are not specifically defined below.
- a variable group or substituent with a given symbol is used more than once in a given structure, it is to be understood that each of these groups or substituents may be independently varied within the range of definitions for that symbol.
- compounds of the invention with each claimed optional functional group cannot be prepared with each of the below-listed methods.
- optional substituents are used which are stable to the reaction conditions, or the functional groups which may participate in the reactions are present in protected form where necessary, and the removal of such protective groups is completed at appropriate stages by methods well known to those skilled in the art.
- the compounds of the invention can be made according to conventional chemical methods, and/or as disclosed below, from starting materials which are either commercially available or producible according to routine, conventional chemical methods. General methods for the preparation of the compounds are given below, and the preparation of representative compounds is specifically illustrated in examples.
- the compounds (I) can be synthesized according to the reaction sequence shown in the General Method above.
- the compounds (I) can be synthesized by reacting amino compounds (III) with isocyante compounds (II).
- the compounds (II) are commercially available or can be synthesized according to methods commonly known to those skilled in the art [e.g. from treatment of an amine with phosgene or a phosgene equivalent such as trichloromethyl chloroformate (diphosgene), bis(trichloromethyl)carbonate (triphosgene), or N,N'- carbonyldiimidazole (GDI); or, alternatively by a Curtius-type rearrangement of an amide, or a carboxylic acid derivative, such as an ester, an acid halide or an anhydride].
- the compounds (III) are commercially available or can be synthesized according methods commonly known to those skilled in the art.
- diaryl ureas are already described in the patent literature, and can be adapted to the compounds of the present invention.
- Miller S. et al "Inhibition of p38 Kinase using Symmetrical and
- Suitable solvents comprise the customary organic solvents which are inert under the reaction conditions.
- ethers such as diethyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, 1 ,2-dimethoxy ethane
- hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, hexane, cyclohexane, mineral oil fractions
- halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, trichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, dichloroethane, trichloroethylene, chlorobenzene
- alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol
- esters such as ethyl acetate
- ketones such as acetone
- nitriles such as acetonitrile
- heteroaromatics such as pyridine
- polar solvents such as diethyl ether, dioxane,
- the compounds (III) are generally employed in an amount of from 1 to 3 mol per mol of compounds (II); an equimolar amount or slight excess of compounds (III) is preferred.
- the reaction of the compounds (II) with (III) is generally carried out within a relatively wide temperature range. In general, they are carried out in a range of from - 20 to 200°C, preferably from 0 to 100°C, and more preferably from 25 to 50°C.
- the steps of this reaction are. generally carried out ' under atmospheric pressure. However, it is also possible to carry them out under superatmospheric pressure or under reduced pressure (for example, in a range of from 0.5 to 5 bar).
- the reaction time can generally be varied within a relatively wide range. In general, the reaction is finished after a period of from 2 to 24 hours, preferably from 6 to 12 hours.
- Synthetic transformations that may be employed in the synthesis of compounds of Formula I and in the synthesis of intermediates involved in the synthesis of compounds of Formula I are known by or accessible to one skilled in the art. Collections of synthetic transformations may be found in compilations, such as:
- compositions of the compounds of this invention are provided.
- compositions containing one or more compounds of the present invention can be utilized to achieve the desired pharmacological effect by administration to a patient in need thereof.
- a patient for the purpose of this invention, is a mammal, including a human, in need of treatment for the particular condition or disease. Therefore, the present invention includes pharmaceutical compositions which are comprised of a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound, or salt thereof, of the present invention.
- a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is preferably a carrier which is relatively non-toxic and innocuous to a patient at concentrations consistent with effective activity of the active ingredient so that any side effects ascribable to the carrier do not vitiate the beneficial effects of the active ingredient.
- a pharmaceutically effective amount of compound is preferably that amount which produces a result or exerts an influence on the particular condition being treated.
- the compounds of the present invention can be administered with pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers well known in the art using any effective conventional dosage unit forms, including immediate, slow and timed release preparations, orally, parenterally, topically, nasally, ophthalmically, optically, sublingually, rectally, vaginally, and the like.
- the compounds can be formulated into solid or liquid preparations such as capsules, pills, tablets, troches, lozenges, melts, powders, solutions, suspensions, or emulsions, and may be prepared according to methods known to the art for the manufacture of pharmaceutical compositions.
- the solid unit dosage forms can be a capsule which can be of the ordinary hard- or soft-shelled gelatin type containing, for example, surfactants, lubricants, and inert fillers such as lactose, sucrose, calcium phosphate, and corn starch.
- the compounds of this invention may be tableted with conventional tablet bases such as lactose, sucrose and comstarch in combination with binders such as acacia, corn starch or gelatin, disintegrating agents intended to assist the break-up and dissolution of the tablet following administration such as potato starch, alginic acid, corn starch, and guar gum, gum tragacanth, acacia, lubricants intended to improve the flow of tablet granulation and to prevent the adhesion of tablet material to the surfaces of the tablet dies and punches, for example talc, stearic acid, or magnesium, calcium or zinc stearate, dyes, coloring agents, and flavoring agents such as peppermint, oil of wintergreen, or cherry flavoring, intended to enhance the aesthetic qualities of the tablets and make them more acceptable to the patient.
- binders such as acacia, corn starch or gelatin
- disintegrating agents intended to assist the break-up and dissolution of the tablet following administration such as potato starch, alginic acid, corn
- Suitable excipients for use in oral liquid dosage forms include dicalcium phosphate and diluents such as water and alcohols, for example, ethanol, benzyl alcohol, and polyethylene alcohols, either with or without the addition of a pharmaceutically acceptable surfactant, suspending agent or emulsifying agent.
- Various other materials may be present as coatings or to otherwise modify the physical form of the dosage unit. For instance tablets, pills or capsules may be coated with shellac, sugar or both.
- Dispersible powders and granules are suitable for the preparation of an aqueous suspension. They provide the active ingredient in admixture with a dispersing or wetting agent, a suspending agent and one or more preservatives. Suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents are exemplified by those already mentioned above. Additional excipients, for example those sweetening, flavoring and coloring agents described above, may also be present.
- the pharmaceutical compositions of this invention may also be in the form of oil-in-water emulsions.
- the oily phase may be a vegetable oil such as liquid paraffin or a mixture of vegetable oils.
- Suitable emulsifying agents may be (1) naturally occurring gums such as gum acacia and gum tragacanth, (2) naturally occurring phosphatides such as soy bean and lecithin, (3) esters or partial esters derived form fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides, for example, sorbitan monooleate, (4) condensation products of said partial esters with ethylene oxide, for example, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate.
- the emulsions may also contain sweetening and flavoring agents.
- Oily suspensions may be formulated by suspending the active ingredient in a vegetable oil such as, for example, arachis oil, olive oil, sesame oil or coconut oil, or in a mineral oil such as liquid paraffin.
- the oily suspensions may contain a thickening agent such as, for example, beeswax, hard paraffin, or cetyl alcohol.
- the suspensions may also contain one or more preservatives, for example, ethyl or n- propyl p-hydroxybenzoate; one or more coloring agents; one or more flavoring agents; and one or more sweetening agents such as sucrose or saccharin.
- Syrups and elixirs may be formulated with sweetening agents such as, for example, glycerol, propylene glycol, sorbitol or sucrose. Such formulations may also contain a demulcent, and preservative, such as methyl and propyl parabens and flavoring and coloring agents.
- sweetening agents such as, for example, glycerol, propylene glycol, sorbitol or sucrose.
- Such formulations may also contain a demulcent, and preservative, such as methyl and propyl parabens and flavoring and coloring agents.
- the compounds of this invention may also be administered parenterally, that is, subcutaneously, intravenously, intraocularly, intrasynovially, intramuscularly, or interperitoneally, as injectable dosages of the compound in preferably a physiologically acceptable diluent with a pharmaceutical carrier which can be a sterile liquid or mixture of liquids such as water, saline, aqueous dextrose and related sugar solutions, an alcohol such as ethanol, isopropanol, or hexadecyl alcohol, glycols such as propylene glycol or polyethylene glycol, glycerol ketals such as 2,2- dimethyl-1 ,1-dioxolane-4-methanol, ethers such as poly(ethylene glycol) 400, an oil, a fatty acid, a fatty acid ester or, a fatty acid glyceride, or an acetylated fatty acid glyceride, with or without the addition of a pharmaceutically acceptable surfactant such
- Suitable fatty acids include oleic acid, stearic acid, isostearic acid and myristic acid.
- Suitable fatty acid esters are, for example, ethyl oleate and isopropyl myristate.
- Suitable soaps include fatty acid alkali metal, ammonium, and triethanolamine salts and suitable detergents include cationic detergents, for example dimethyl dialkyl ammonium halides, alkyl pyridinium halides, and alkylamine acetates; anionic detergents, for example, alkyl, aryl, and olefin sulfonates, alkyl, olefin, ether, and monoglyceride sulfates, and sulfosuccinates; non-ionic detergents, for example, fatty amine oxides, fatty acid alkanolamides, and poly(oxyethylene- oxypropylene)s or ethylene oxide or propylene oxide copolymers; and amphoteric detergents, for example, alkyl-beta-aminopropionates, and 2-alkylimidazoline quarternary ammonium salts, as well as mixtures.
- suitable detergents include cationic detergents, for example
- compositions of this invention will typically contain from about 0.5% to about 25% by weight of the active ingredient in solution. Preservatives and buffers may also be used advantageously. In order to minimize or eliminate irritation at the site of injection, such compositions may contain a non-ionic surfactant having a hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) preferably of from about 12 to about 17. The quantity of surfactant in such formulation preferably ranges from about 5% to about 15% by weight.
- the surfactant can be a single component having the above HLB or can be a mixture of two or more components having the desired HLB.
- surfactants used in parenteral formulations are the class of polyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, for example, sorbitan monooleate and the high molecular weight adducts of ethylene oxide with a hydrophobic base, formed by the condensation of propylene oxide with propylene glycol.
- compositions may be in the form of sterile injectable aqueous suspensions.
- suspensions may be formulated according to known methods using suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents such as, for example, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl- cellulose, sodium alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, gum tragacanth and gum acacia; dispersing or wetting agents which may be a naturally occurring phosphatide such as lecithin, a condensation product of an alkylene oxide with a fatty acid, for example, polyoxyethylene stearate, a condensation product of ethylene oxide with a long chain aliphatic alcohol, for example, heptadeca-ethyleneoxycetanol, a condensation product of ethylene oxide with a partial ester derived form a fatty acid and a hexitol such as polyoxyethylene sorbitol monooleate, or a condensation product of an ethylene oxide with a partial ester derived from a
- the sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent.
- Diluents and solvents that may be employed are, for example, water, Ringer's solution, isotonic sodium chloride solutions and isotonic glucose solutions.
- sterile fixed oils are conventionally employed as solvents or suspending media.
- any bland, fixed oil may be employed including synthetic mono- or diglycerides.
- fatty acids such as oleic acid can be used in the preparation of injectables.
- composition of the invention may also be administered in the form of suppositories for rectal administration of the drug.
- These compositions can be prepared by mixing the drug with a suitable non-irritation excipient which is solid at ordinary temperatures but liquid at the rectal temperature and will therefore melt in the rectum to release the drug.
- a suitable non-irritation excipient which is solid at ordinary temperatures but liquid at the rectal temperature and will therefore melt in the rectum to release the drug.
- suitable non-irritation excipient which is solid at ordinary temperatures but liquid at the rectal temperature and will therefore melt in the rectum to release the drug.
- Such material are, for example, cocoa butter and polyethylene glycol.
- transdermal delivery devices Such transdermal patches may be used to provide continuous or discontinuous infusion of the compounds of the present invention in controlled amounts.
- the construction and use of transdermal patches for the delivery of pharmaceutical agents is well known in the art (see, e.g., US Patent No. 5,023,252, issued June 1 1 , 1991 , incorporated herein by reference).
- patches may be constructed for continuous, pulsatile, or on demand delivery of pharmaceutical agents.
- Controlled release formulations for parenteral administration include liposomal, polymeric microsphere and polymeric gel formulations which are known in the art.
- a mechanical delivery device It may be desirable or necessary to introduce the pharmaceutical composition to the patient via a mechanical delivery device.
- the construction and use of mechanical delivery devices for the delivery of pharmaceutical agents is well known in the art.
- Direct techniques for, for example, administering a drug directly to the brain usually involve placement of a drug delivery catheter into the patient's ventricular system to bypass the blood-brain barrier.
- One such implantable delivery system, used for the transport of agents to specific anatomical regions of the body is described in US Patent No. 5,011 ,472, issued April 30, 1991.
- compositions of the invention can also contain other conventional pharmaceutically acceptable compounding ingredients, generally referred to as carriers or diluents, as necessary or desired.
- Conventional procedures for preparing such compositions in appropriate dosage forms can be utilized. Such ingredients and procedures include those described in the following references, each of which is incorporated herein by reference: Powell, M.F. et al, "Compendium of Excipients for Parenteral Formulations” PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology 1998, 52(5), 238-311 ; Strickley, R.G “Parenteral Formulations of Small Molecule Therapeutics Marketed in the United States (1999)-Part-1" PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology 1999, 53(6), 324-349; and Nema, S. et al, "Excipients and Their Use in Injectable Products” PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology 1997, 51(4), 166-171.
- Commonly used pharmaceutical ingredients which can be used as appropriate to formulate the composition for its intended route of administration include:
- acidifying agents examples include but are not limited to acetic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid
- alkalinizing agents examples include but are not limited to ammonia solution, ammonium carbonate, diethanolamine, monoethanolamine, potassium hydroxide, sodium borate, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, triethanolamine, trolamine
- adsorbents examples include but are not limited to powdered cellulose and activated charcoal
- aerosol propellants examples include but are not limited to carbon dioxide, CCI 2 F 2 , F 2 CIC-CCIF 2 and CCIF 3
- air displacement agents examples include but are not limited to nitrogen and argon
- antifungal preservatives examples include but are not limited to benzoic acid, butylparaben, ethylparaben, methylparaben, propylparaben, sodium benzoate
- antimicrobial preservatives examples include but are not limited to benzoic acid, butylparaben,
- Examples include but are not limited to bentonite
- emulsifying agents include but are not limited to acacia, cetomacrogol, cetyl alcohol, glyceryl monostearate, lecithin, sorbitan monooleate, polyoxyethylene 50 monostearate
- encapsulating agents include but are not limited to gelatin and cellulose acetate phthalate
- flavorants include but are not limited to anise oil, cinnamon oil, cocoa, menthol, orange oil, peppermint oil and vanillin
- humectants include but are not limited to glycerol, propylene glycol and sorbitol
- levigating agents include but are not limited to mineral oil and
- compositions according to the present invention can be illustrated as follows:
- Sterile IV Solution A 5 mg/ml solution of the desired compound of this invention can be made using sterile, injectable water, and the pH is adjusted if necessary. The solution is diluted for administration to 1 - 2 mg/ml with sterile 5% dextrose and is administered as an IV infusion over 60 minutes.
- a sterile preparation can be prepared with (i) 100 - 1000 mg of the desired compound of this invention as a lypholized powder, (ii) 32- 327 mg/ml sodium citrate, and (iii) 300 - 3000 mg Dextran 40.
- the formulation is reconstituted with sterile, injectable saline or dextrose 5% to a concentration of 10 to 20 mg/ml, which is further diluted with saline or dextrose 5% to 0.2 - 0.4 mg/ml, and is administered either IV bolus or by IV infusion over 15 - 60 minutes.
- Intramuscular suspension The following solution or suspension can be prepared, for intramuscular injection:
- Hard Shell Capsules A large number of unit capsules are prepared by filling standard two-piece hard galantine capsules each with 100 mg of powdered active ingredient, 150 mg of lactose, 50 mg of cellulose and 6 mg of magnesium stearate.
- Soft Gelatin Capsules A mixture of active ingredient in a digestible oil such as soybean oil, cottonseed oil or olive oil is prepared and injected by means of a positive displacement pump into molten gelatin to form soft gelatin capsules containing 100 mg of the active ingredient. The capsules are washed and dried. The active ingredient can be dissolved in a mixture of polyethylene glycol, glycerin and sorbitol to prepare a water miscible medicine mix.
- Tablets A large number of tablets are prepared by conventional procedures so that the dosage unit is 100 mg of active ingredient, 0.2 mg. of colloidal silicon dioxide, 5 mg of magnesium stearate, 275 mg of microcrystalline cellulose, 1 1 mg. of starch, and 98.8 mg of lactose. Appropriate aqueous and non-aqueous coatings may be applied to increase palatability, improve elegance and stability or delay absorption.
- Immediate Release Tablets/Capsules These are solid oral dosage forms made by conventional and novel processes. These units are taken orally without water for immediate dissolution and delivery of the medication.
- the active ingredient is mixed in a liquid containing ingredient such as sugar, gelatin, pectin and sweeteners. These liquids are solidified into solid tablets or caplets by freeze drying and solid state extraction techniques.
- the drug compounds may be compressed with viscoelastic and thermoelastic sugars and polymers or effervescent components to produce porous matrices intended for immediate release, without the need of water.
- the present invention relates to a method for using the compounds described above (Compounds of Formula I), including salts and esters thereof and compositions thereof, to treat mammalian hyper-proliferative disorders.
- This method comprises administering to a mammal in need thereof, including a human, an amount of a compound of this invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, which is effective to treat the disorder.
- Hyper-proliferative disorders include but are not limited to solid tumors, such as cancers of the breast, respiratory tract, brain, reproductive organs, digestive tract, urinary tract, eye, liver, skin, head and neck, thyroid, parathyroid and their distant metastases. Those disorders also include lymphomas, sarcomas, and leukemias.
- breast cancer examples include, but are not limited to invasive ductal carcinoma, invasive lobular carcinoma, ductal carcinoma in situ, and lobular carcinoma in situ.
- cancers of the respiratory tract include, but are not limited to small-cell and non-small-cell lung carcinoma, as well as bronchial adenoma and pleuropulmonary blastoma.
- brain cancers include, but are not limited to brain stem and hypophtalmic glioma, cerebellar and cerebral astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, ependymoma, as well as neuroectodermal and pineal tumor.
- Tumors of the male reproductive organs include, but are not limited to prostate and testicular cancer.
- Tumors of the female reproductive organs include, but are not limited to endometrial, cervical, ovarian, vaginal, and vulvar cancer, as well as sarcoma of the uterus.
- Tumors of the digestive tract include, but are not limited to anal, colon, colorectal, esophageal, gallbladder, gastric, pancreatic, rectal, small-intestine, and salivary gland cancers.
- Tumors of the urinary tract include, but are not limited to bladder, penile, kidney, renal pelvis, ureter, and urethral cancers.
- Eye cancers include, but are not limited to intraocular melanoma and retinoblastoma.
- liver cancers include, but are not limited to hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cell carcinomas with or without fibrolamellar variant), cholangiocarcinoma (intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma), and mixed hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma.
- Skin cancers include, but are not limited to squamous cell carcinoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, malignant melanoma, Merkel cell skin cancer, and non-melanoma skin cancer.
- Head-and-neck cancers include, but are not limited to laryngeal / hypopharyngeal / nasopharyngeal / oropharyngeal cancer, and lip and oral cavity cancer.
- Lymphomas include, but are not limited to AIDS-related lymphoma, non- Hodgkin's lymphoma, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, and lymphoma of the central nervous system.
- Sarcomas include, but are not limited to sarcoma of the soft tissue, osteosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, lymphosarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma.
- Leukemias include, but are not limited to acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, and hairy cell leukemia.
- the effective dosage of the compounds of this invention can readily be determined for treatment of each desired indication.
- the amount of the active ingredient to be administered in the treatment of one of these conditions can vary widely according to such considerations as the particular compound and dosage unit employed, the mode of administration, the period of treatment, the age and sex of the patient treated, and the nature and extent of the condition treated.
- the total amount of the active ingredient to be administered will generally range from about 0.001 mg/kg to about 200 mg/kg body weight per day, and preferably from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 20 mg/kg body weight per day. It should be noted that the choice of dosing schedules is particularly important to maximize the efficacy and safety of drugs for the treatment of proliferative disorders such as cancer. Clinically useful dosing schedules will range from three times a day dosing to once every four weeks dosing. In addition, "drug holidays" in which a patient is not dosed with a drug for a certain period of time, may be beneficial to the overall balance between pharmacological effect and tolerability.
- a unit dosage may contain from about 0.5 mg to about 1500 mg of active ingredient, and can be administered one or more times per day or less than once a day.
- the average daily dosage for administration by injection including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous and parenteral injections, and use of infusion techniques will preferably be from 0.01 to 200 mg/kg of total body weight.
- the average daily rectal dosage regimen will preferably be from 0.01 to 200 mg/kg of total body weight.
- the average daily vaginal dosage regimen will preferably be from 0.01 to 200 mg/kg of total body weight.
- the average daily topical dosage regimen will preferably be from 0.1 to 200 mg administered between one to four times daily.
- the transdermal concentration will preferably be that required to maintain a daily dose of from 0.01 to 200 mg/kg.
- the average daily inhalation dosage regimen will preferably be from 0.01 to 100 mg/kg of total body weight.
- the specific initial and continuing dosage regimen for each patient will vary according to the nature and severity of the condition as determined by the attending diagnostician, the activity of the specific compound employed, the age and general condition of the patient, time of administration, route of administration, rate of excretion of the drug, drug combinations, and the like.
- the desired mode of treatment and number of doses of a compound of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester or composition thereof can be ascertained by those skilled in the art using conventional treatment tests.
- the compounds of this invention can be administered as the sole pharmaceutical agent or in combination with one or more other pharmaceutical agents where the combination causes no unacceptable adverse effects.
- the compounds of this invention can be combined with known anti-hyper- proliferative or other indication agents, and the like, as well as with admixtures and combinations thereof.
- Optional anti-hyper-proliferative agents which can be added to the composition include but are not limited to compounds listed on the cancer chemotherapy drug regimens in the 11 th Edition of the Merck Index, (1996), which is hereby incorporated by reference, such as asparaginase, bleomycin, carboplatin, carmustine, chlorambucil, cisplatin, colaspase, cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, dacarbazine, dactinomycin, daunorubicin, doxorubicin (adriamycine), epirubicin, etoposide, 5-fluorouracil, hexamethylmelamine, hydroxyurea, ifosfamide, irinotecan, leucovorin, lomustine, mechlorethamine, 6-mercaptopurine, mesna, methotrexate, mitomycin C, mitoxantrone, prednisolone, prednisone
- anti-hyper-proliferative agents suitable for use with the composition of the invention include but are not limited to those compounds acknowledged to be used in the treatment of neoplastic diseases in Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (Ninth Edition), editor Molinoff et al., publ.
- anti-hyper-proliferative agents suitable for use with the composition of the invention include but are not limited to other anti-cancer agents such as epothilone and its derivatives, irinotecan, raloxifen and topotecan.
- cytotoxic and/or cytostatic agents in combination with a compound or composition of the present invention will serve to:
- HPLC - electrospray mass spectra were obtained using a Gilson HPLC system equipped with two Gilson 306 pumps, a Gilson 215 Autosampler, a Gilson diode array detector, a YMC Pro C-18 column (2 x 23mm, 120 A), and a Micromass LCZ single quadrupole mass spectrometer with z-spray electrospray ionization. Spectra were scanned from 120-1000 amu over 2 seconds. ELSD (Evaporative Light Scattering Detector) data was also acquired as an analog channel.
- Step 4 Preparation of the title compound 4-(4-Amino-phenoxy)pyridine-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester
- Step 1 Preparation of 4-(3-Aminophenoxy)pyridine-2-carboxylic acid methylamide
- Step 1 Preparation of 4-chloropyridine-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester
- Step 4 Preparation of the title compound 4-(2-l " 1 ,3,410xadiazol-2-yl-pyridin-4- yloxy)phenylamine
- the title compound was prepared in the same manner as 4-(4- aminophenoxy)pyridine-2-carboxylic acid methylamide mentioned above, substituting 4-chloro-2-[1 ,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl-pyridine for 4-chloropyridine-2-carboxylic acid.
- Step 1 Preparation of ⁇ /-[4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-/V'-[4-(pyridin-4- yloxy)phenyl]-urea
- Step 2 Preparation of ⁇ /-[4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]- ⁇ /'- ⁇ 4-[(1-oxidopyridin-4- yl)oxy]-phenyl ⁇ urea
- Step 3 Preparation of the title compound ⁇ /-[4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-/V- ⁇ 4-[(2-cyanopyridin-4-yl)oxy]phenyl ⁇ urea
- Step 2 Preparation of the title compound ⁇ /- ⁇ 4-r(2-Cvanopyridin-4-yl)oxy1phenyl)-/V- (2.2.4,4-tetrafluoro-4H-1.3-benzodioxin-6-yl)urea
- the title compound was prepared in the same manner described for A/-[4- chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]- ⁇ /'-(4- ⁇ [2-(hydrazinocarbonyl)pyridin-4- yl]oxy ⁇ phenyl)urea, substituting methyl 4-[4-( ⁇ [(2,2,4,4-tetrafluoro-4H-1 ,3- benzodioxin-6-yl)amino]carbonyl ⁇ -amino)phenoxy]pyridine-2-carboxylate for methyl 4 -[ 4 -( ⁇ [(4-chloro-3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-amino]-carbonyl ⁇ amino)phenoxy]pyridine-2- carboxylate.
- Example 1 Preparation of 4- ⁇ 3-r( ⁇ [4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenvnamino)carbonyl)amino1- phenoxy ⁇ -A/-[2-(dimethylamino)ethvnpyridine-2-carboxamide
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
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CA002516627A CA2516627A1 (en) | 2003-02-28 | 2004-03-01 | Substituted pyridine derivatives useful in the treatment of cancer and other disorders |
EP04716142A EP1603879A2 (en) | 2003-02-28 | 2004-03-01 | Substituted pyridine derivatives useful in the treatment of cancer and other disorders |
MXPA05009102A MXPA05009102A (en) | 2003-02-28 | 2004-03-01 | Substituted pyridine derivatives useful in the treatment of cancer and other disorders. |
JP2006508981A JP4927533B2 (en) | 2003-02-28 | 2004-03-01 | Substituted pyridine derivatives useful for the treatment of cancer and other diseases |
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US45032403P | 2003-02-28 | 2003-02-28 | |
US60/450,324 | 2003-02-28 |
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WO2004078128A2 true WO2004078128A2 (en) | 2004-09-16 |
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EP (1) | EP1603879A2 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4927533B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2516627A1 (en) |
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WO (1) | WO2004078128A2 (en) |
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WO2004078128A3 (en) | 2004-12-23 |
EP1603879A2 (en) | 2005-12-14 |
CA2516627A1 (en) | 2004-09-16 |
JP4927533B2 (en) | 2012-05-09 |
JP2006519266A (en) | 2006-08-24 |
MXPA05009102A (en) | 2006-05-31 |
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