WO2004074603A1 - Distillation apparatus and method of transporting the same - Google Patents
Distillation apparatus and method of transporting the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004074603A1 WO2004074603A1 PCT/GB2004/000542 GB2004000542W WO2004074603A1 WO 2004074603 A1 WO2004074603 A1 WO 2004074603A1 GB 2004000542 W GB2004000542 W GB 2004000542W WO 2004074603 A1 WO2004074603 A1 WO 2004074603A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- column
- combination
- distillation
- insulation structure
- supported
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
- F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J3/0489—Modularity and arrangement of parts of the air fractionation unit, in particular of the cold box, e.g. pre-fabrication, assembling and erection, dimensions, horizontal layout "plot"
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
- F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J3/04945—Details of internal structure; insulation and housing of the cold box
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
- F25J2290/42—Modularity, pre-fabrication of modules, assembling and erection, horizontal layout, i.e. plot plan, and vertical arrangement of parts of the cryogenic unit, e.g. of the cold box
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a distillation column in combination with an insulation structure or container.
- the invention is primarily concerned with large distillation columns, for example columns having a diameter of about 3.5m (about 11 ft) or more, and is of particular application to cryogenic distillation columns.
- the invention could also be employed with other separation columns such as hydrocarbon gas separation columns.
- the maximum size of a cryogenic air distillation column is limited by a number of factors.
- One such factor is the ability of the final column to be transported by road.
- cryogenic air distillation columns e.g. those having a diameter of 3m (10 ft) or less
- the combination is usually transported horizontally by road on the back of a lorry having a low load platform.
- Such columns are usually transported on specially designed "transport saddle” structures with the insulation structure in place around the column.
- One advantage of such an arrangement is that the column is delivered to site with the insulation structure, together with the necessary pipe work within the cold box, already in place.
- the column and insulation structure combination is simply hoisted into position on site.
- An insulation material, usually perlite is added to the cavity between the column and the inner wall of the insulation structure and the pipe work within the cold box is then connected to the pipe work of the remaining parts of the plant.
- One advantage of shipping a conventional distillation column within the insulation structure is that the quality of the construction can be controlled to a greater degree. Cryogenic air separation units may be required almost anywhere. Most locations have airborne contaminants such as dirt and/ or grease and, in some locations, these contaminants will include corrosive contaminants, for example, salt (if the location is near the sea) or sand (if the location is in a desert) . Transportation of a fully assembled column within the insulation structure means that the internal components of the column are not exposed to any airborne contaminants on site.
- Transport saddles have to be supported by shipping beams which form part of the insulation structure.
- a further disadvantage is that the saddles impose significant local stresses in the wall of the distillation column to the extent that it is often necessary to thicken up the distillation column wall in the vicinity of the saddles.
- a column having a diameter of about 6m (about 20 ft) is about the largest diameter column that can be transported by road fully assembled but, at present, it cannot transported within its insulation structure. This is because the saddles and shipping beams provided within the cold box would make the column and cold box combination too tall, even when provided on its side, to travel under all but the highest bridges. Therefore, the conventional proposal is to transport large columns to site, either as an assembled column (without the cold box) or as column parts. The column would then be erected on site and the insulation structure erected around the column.
- a distillation column in combination with an insulation structure, said column being supported within said structure from interior corners of said structure.
- the column may be a hydrocarbon distillation column but, in preferred embodiments, the column is a cryogenic air distillation column.
- One advantage of supporting a column within an insulation structure from interior corners of the structure is that, for an insulation structure of given dimensions, larger columns may be transported by road than would be possible if conventional (non-removable) saddles and shipping beams are employed to support the column. In this way, assembly of large columns can take place in a controlled environment thereby reducing the risk of contamination of the internal components.
- the present invention is, therefore, suitable for use with large columns having a diameter of at least 3.5m (11 ft) and is particularly suitable for use with columns having a diameter of about 5m (about 16 ft) or about 6m (about 20 ft).
- the column of the present invention is usually supported using sets of radial supports provided between each corner of the insulation structure and the outer wall of the column.
- the radial supports are typically made from material having low thermal conductivity giving low heat leak. Suitable materials include stainless steel.
- Radial supports provided between each corner of the insulation structure and the column have an added advantage over saddles as they are suitable for use as seismic or wind supports once the column is erected on site whereas the saddles are only suitable for vertical or near vertical loading when the column is being transported.
- more space within the insulation structure is available making it possible to run piping along the lower face of the insulating structure.
- the number of sets of radial supports depends on the overall length of the column. Typically, two sets of radial supports are used although more could be used to reducing the bending stresses in the column.
- the use of radial supports imposes significant local stresses in the wall of the distillation column.
- the contact points between the supports and the column wall may be stiffened by increasing the thickness of the wall in the area of these points.
- internal stiffening structures or "bracing" may be used.
- the bracing may be made from piping or from structural sections having, for example, channelled, angled, T- or I-cross sections. Such bracing structures would usually be left inside the column when the column is in use as it would be undesirable to open the column on site to remove the bracing structure.
- the bracing structure is preferably made from a material that is suitable for exposure to the conditions inside the column during use.
- the bracing is typically made from the same material as the column. This material is usually selected from aluminium (or an aluminium alloy), stainless steel (various grades), 9% nickel steel or any other material suitable for cryogenic temperatures.
- the use of internal bracing means that the thickness of the column wall is usually less than the thickness required to support the column both during transit and when erected on site, e.g. hoisted from the horizontal position to the vertical position, without an internal stiffening structure.
- the thickness of the column wall is a function of operating pressure, design code, diameter of material of construction. These factors change from one plant to the next as is readily appreciated by the skilled person.
- a method of transporting a column in combination with an insulation structure comprising supporting said column within said structure from interior corners of said structure and transporting said combination.
- the combination may have any or all of the features described above.
- FIGURE 1 is a representation of a radial cross-section of a conventional distillation column having a diameter of no more than 3m (10 ft) in combination with an insulation structure;
- FIGURE 2 is a representation of an axial partial cross-section of the column and insulation structure combination depicted in Figure 1 ;
- FIGURE 3 is a representation of a radial cross-section of a distillation column in combination with an insulation structure according to the present invention
- FIGURE 4 is a representation of an axial partial cross-section of the column and insulation structure combination depicted in Figure 3;
- FIGURE 5 is a representation of a radial cross-section of a column of the present invention comprising a irst internal stiffening structure
- FIGURE 6 is a representation of a radial cross-section of a column of the present invention comprising a second internal stiffening structure
- FIGURE 7 is a representation of a radial cross-section of a column of the present invention comprising a third internal stiffening structure.
- a conventional cryogenic air distillation column 2 having a diameter of no more than 3m (10 ft) is located within an insulation structure or "cold box" 4.
- the column 2 is supported on a transport saddles 6 and shipping beams 8 which take up space and make it difficult to run piping (not shown) to the lower surface of the cold box 4.
- the column 2 is supported by two saddles 6.
- Each saddle 6 is about 20% of the total length of the column 2 away from the nearest end of the column 2 respectively in order to reduce the bending stressing within the column 2.
- the saddles 6 impose significant local stresses in the distillation column wall such that it is often necessary to increase the thickness of the column wall in contact with the saddles.
- the column 32 is supported by radial supports 36 provided between corner members 38 of the frame of the cold box 34. Using radial supports in this way allows a column having a larger-than- conventional diameter to be transported in a given size of cold box.
- space is available between the lower surface of the cold box 34 and the column 32 in which piping (not shown) is located.
- FIGs 5 to 7 depict three arrangements of suitable internal stiffening structures.
- the bracing is usually fabricated from tubular members or structural sections (e.g. channels, angles and T- or I-beams).
- the column 52 in Figure 5 is braced with internal radial supports 54.
- the column 62 in Figure 6 is braced with internal supports 64 provided in a square arrangement.
- the column 72 in Figure 7 is braced with internal supports 74 arranged about the interior surface of the column wall.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2004213622A AU2004213622B2 (en) | 2003-02-18 | 2004-02-12 | Distillation apparatus and method of transporting the same |
DE602004002389T DE602004002389T2 (en) | 2003-02-18 | 2004-02-12 | DISTILLATION DEVICE AND TRANSPORT METHOD THEREFOR |
US10/545,493 US20060144684A1 (en) | 2003-02-18 | 2004-02-12 | Distillation apparatus and method of transporting the same |
EP04710419A EP1595042B1 (en) | 2003-02-18 | 2004-02-12 | Distillation apparatus and method of transporting the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0303750.4 | 2003-02-18 | ||
GB0303750A GB2398516A (en) | 2003-02-18 | 2003-02-18 | Distillation column with a surrounding insulating support structure |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2004074603A1 true WO2004074603A1 (en) | 2004-09-02 |
Family
ID=9953256
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB2004/000542 WO2004074603A1 (en) | 2003-02-18 | 2004-02-12 | Distillation apparatus and method of transporting the same |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20060144684A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1595042B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1751163A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE339571T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2004213622B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE602004002389T2 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2398516A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004074603A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA200507104B (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2910343A1 (en) * | 2006-12-21 | 2008-06-27 | Air Liquide | Industrial equipment, e.g. a distillation column, has internal parts connected to the outside by a pipe fitted with a trap to protect these parts from contamination during storage, transport and assembly |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2008014899A1 (en) * | 2006-08-04 | 2008-02-07 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Method of producing a cold box, cold box and cold box panel |
CN110268215B (en) * | 2017-01-10 | 2021-09-03 | 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 | Enclosure for an apparatus for separating a gaseous mixture by distillation and separation apparatus comprising such an enclosure |
WO2018140445A1 (en) * | 2017-01-25 | 2018-08-02 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Structual support assembly for cold box structures in an air separation unit |
CN109455418A (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2019-03-12 | 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 | A kind of ice chest steel construction and method that is prefabricated and transporting the ice chest steel construction |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4116150A (en) * | 1976-03-09 | 1978-09-26 | Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation | Cryogenic insulation system |
DE19737520A1 (en) * | 1997-08-28 | 1999-03-04 | Messer Griesheim Gmbh | Plant for the low-temperature separation of air |
DE19804438A1 (en) * | 1997-10-02 | 1999-04-22 | Krc Umwelttechnik Gmbh | Steel construction for shaft and cavern construction used in e.g. nuclear engineering |
US6202305B1 (en) * | 1997-10-14 | 2001-03-20 | L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Method of constructing a large elongate fluid-confining internal structure surrounded by an external structure |
US6360545B1 (en) * | 1998-06-16 | 2002-03-26 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Containment enclosure |
US6378331B1 (en) * | 1997-11-17 | 2002-04-30 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Cold box for cryogenic distilling plant |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2217169A (en) * | 1937-11-29 | 1940-10-08 | Leo M Harvey | Machine for forming solid carbon dioxide |
US2592974A (en) * | 1949-07-01 | 1952-04-15 | Gerard F Sulfrian | Suspension liquid gas container |
US3021027A (en) * | 1958-10-08 | 1962-02-13 | David R Claxton | Means for supporting the inner member of a double-walled tank |
NL257928A (en) * | 1959-12-07 | |||
US3750413A (en) * | 1968-10-15 | 1973-08-07 | Hydrocarbon Research Inc | Cryogenic apparatus assembly method |
US4184609A (en) * | 1978-08-22 | 1980-01-22 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Cryogenic container compound suspension strap |
US4430032A (en) * | 1981-09-22 | 1984-02-07 | Portec, Inc. | Pedestal container locking device |
US4848103A (en) * | 1987-04-02 | 1989-07-18 | General Electric Company | Radial cryostat suspension system |
FR2692663B1 (en) * | 1992-06-17 | 1994-08-19 | Air Liquide | Method for constructing a cryogenic gas separation unit, cryogenic unit, subassembly and transportable assembly for the construction of such a unit. |
US5617742A (en) * | 1996-04-30 | 1997-04-08 | The Boc Group, Inc. | Distillation apparatus |
FR2769656B1 (en) * | 1997-10-14 | 1999-12-17 | Air Liquide | METHOD FOR MAKING A PACKAGE BY ASSEMBLING AN INTERIOR STRUCTURE FOR CONTAINING FLUID, AN OUTSIDE STRUCTURE AND EQUIPMENT, AND METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTION ON SITE USING SUCH A PACKAGE |
FR2774752B1 (en) * | 1998-02-06 | 2000-06-16 | Air Liquide | AIR DISTILLATION SYSTEM AND CORRESPONDING COLD BOX |
FR2799822B1 (en) * | 1999-10-18 | 2002-03-29 | Air Liquide | COLD BOX, CORRESPONDING AIR DISTILLATION SYSTEM AND CONSTRUCTION METHOD |
-
2003
- 2003-02-18 GB GB0303750A patent/GB2398516A/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2004
- 2004-02-12 CN CN200480004392.3A patent/CN1751163A/en active Pending
- 2004-02-12 WO PCT/GB2004/000542 patent/WO2004074603A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2004-02-12 ZA ZA200507104A patent/ZA200507104B/en unknown
- 2004-02-12 US US10/545,493 patent/US20060144684A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-02-12 AT AT04710419T patent/ATE339571T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-02-12 EP EP04710419A patent/EP1595042B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-02-12 DE DE602004002389T patent/DE602004002389T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-02-12 AU AU2004213622A patent/AU2004213622B2/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4116150A (en) * | 1976-03-09 | 1978-09-26 | Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation | Cryogenic insulation system |
DE19737520A1 (en) * | 1997-08-28 | 1999-03-04 | Messer Griesheim Gmbh | Plant for the low-temperature separation of air |
DE19804438A1 (en) * | 1997-10-02 | 1999-04-22 | Krc Umwelttechnik Gmbh | Steel construction for shaft and cavern construction used in e.g. nuclear engineering |
US6202305B1 (en) * | 1997-10-14 | 2001-03-20 | L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Method of constructing a large elongate fluid-confining internal structure surrounded by an external structure |
US6378331B1 (en) * | 1997-11-17 | 2002-04-30 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Cold box for cryogenic distilling plant |
US6360545B1 (en) * | 1998-06-16 | 2002-03-26 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Containment enclosure |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2910343A1 (en) * | 2006-12-21 | 2008-06-27 | Air Liquide | Industrial equipment, e.g. a distillation column, has internal parts connected to the outside by a pipe fitted with a trap to protect these parts from contamination during storage, transport and assembly |
EP1946818A1 (en) * | 2006-12-21 | 2008-07-23 | L'AIR LIQUIDE, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude | Indutrial equipment comprising a device for protecting its inner parts |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2004213622B2 (en) | 2008-03-13 |
GB2398516A (en) | 2004-08-25 |
CN1751163A (en) | 2006-03-22 |
AU2004213622A1 (en) | 2004-09-02 |
ZA200507104B (en) | 2006-11-29 |
DE602004002389D1 (en) | 2006-10-26 |
EP1595042B1 (en) | 2006-09-13 |
DE602004002389T2 (en) | 2007-09-20 |
US20060144684A1 (en) | 2006-07-06 |
GB0303750D0 (en) | 2003-03-26 |
ATE339571T1 (en) | 2006-10-15 |
EP1595042A1 (en) | 2005-11-16 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP2035742B1 (en) | An arrangement for a cylindrical tank for transportation of liquefied gases at low temperature in a ship | |
CA3008499C (en) | Metal plate having hollow tubes sandwiched therein and its use | |
US9285164B2 (en) | Cold box sheet metal jacket | |
US20080314908A1 (en) | Tank For Storing of Fluid, Preferably For Fluids at Low Temperatures | |
AU749531B2 (en) | Cold box for cryogenic distilling plant | |
US7954339B2 (en) | Apparatus for cryogenic air distillation | |
US7748336B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for off-hull manufacture and installation of a semi-membrane LNG tank | |
JP2008503702A5 (en) | ||
Hjorteset et al. | Development of large-scale precast, prestressed concrete liquefied natural gas storage tanks. | |
US6711868B1 (en) | Method of producing a package of internal and external structures and of items of equipment, and method of on-site construction using such a package | |
WO2004074603A1 (en) | Distillation apparatus and method of transporting the same | |
US11428466B2 (en) | Cold box steel structure and method for prefabricating and transporting same | |
US20180112914A1 (en) | Method of transporting an assembly formed of an enclosure with at least one panel and enclosure to be transported using this method | |
CN104627567A (en) | Long-span steel vertical cylindrical oil tank of above 100 thousand cubic meters |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NA NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): BW GH GM KE LS MW MZ SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LU MC NL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
DPEN | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed from 20040101) | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2004710419 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 20048043923 Country of ref document: CN |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2004213622 Country of ref document: AU |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 200507104 Country of ref document: ZA |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2004213622 Country of ref document: AU Date of ref document: 20040212 Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 2004213622 Country of ref document: AU |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2280/CHENP/2005 Country of ref document: IN |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 2004710419 Country of ref document: EP |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2006144684 Country of ref document: US Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 10545493 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 10545493 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWG | Wipo information: grant in national office |
Ref document number: 2004710419 Country of ref document: EP |