WO2004067451A1 - Device for purifying water - Google Patents

Device for purifying water Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004067451A1
WO2004067451A1 PCT/AT2004/000030 AT2004000030W WO2004067451A1 WO 2004067451 A1 WO2004067451 A1 WO 2004067451A1 AT 2004000030 W AT2004000030 W AT 2004000030W WO 2004067451 A1 WO2004067451 A1 WO 2004067451A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
carrier web
evaporator
condenser
water vapor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AT2004/000030
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Rudolf Schober
Original Assignee
Rudolf Schober
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rudolf Schober filed Critical Rudolf Schober
Publication of WO2004067451A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004067451A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • B01D5/0033—Other features
    • B01D5/0039—Recuperation of heat, e.g. use of heat pump(s), compression
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/0094—Evaporating with forced circulation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
    • B01D3/007—Energy recuperation; Heat pumps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
    • B01D3/34—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping with one or more auxiliary substances
    • B01D3/343—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping with one or more auxiliary substances the substance being a gas
    • B01D3/346—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping with one or more auxiliary substances the substance being a gas the gas being used for removing vapours, e.g. transport gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for cleaning water, in particular for desalting salt water, with an evaporator for the water to be cleaned and with a condenser for the water vapor downstream of the evaporator, the evaporator having at least one circulating textile carrier web for the water to be evaporated having.
  • heating elements for increasing the steam generation are provided in the known devices.
  • These heating elements can be used to heat either the carrier web (US 3,269,920 B) or the salt water (DE 1 792 134 A1), however, always cause a higher salt content of the condensed water, so that such devices are not suitable for producing drinking water with an absolutely low salt content. If these devices are nevertheless to be used to produce drinking water, then extensive post-treatment of the condensed water is necessary.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of improving a device for purifying water, in particular for desalting salt water, of the type described at the outset in such a way that, despite high steam generation, the condensed water has a comparatively low degree of contamination.
  • the invention solves this problem in that the evaporator and the condenser are in a circuit for an air stream serving as a carrier for the water vapor, that the circulating carrier web is guided back and forth between deflection rollers and that the deflection rollers for the textile carrier web are in the flow direction of the air flow.
  • the steam generation can be increased with a slight increase in the water temperature, since the textile carrier web offers a comparatively large evaporation surface for the absorbed water to be cleaned. It is therefore possible to ensure a high evaporation rate and a high cleaning effect at a low water temperature. Complicated post-treatment of the condensed water can be omitted, which makes the device according to the invention particularly suitable for producing drinking water from salt water.
  • the dimension of the evaporator can be kept small, with the fact that with a running of the deflection rollers for the textile carrier web in the direction of flow of the air stream, both sides of the carrier web provide an evaporation surface for the form absorbed water. Because of the circulation of the air flow serving as a carrier for the water vapor via the evaporator and the condenser, the air flow that is dry after the condenser is again available for absorbing the water vapor from the evaporator, which creates particularly advantageous process conditions.
  • the textile carrier web has a surface structure, for example knobs, the evaporation surface and thus the steam generation can be increased or increased even further.
  • Surface structures with capillary action are also conceivable in order to convey the water absorbed by the carrier web to the outside of the carrier web for better evaporation.
  • the carrier web consists of a fiber fleece or a fiber felt, the suction effect of these materials can advantageously be used to absorb the water to be cleaned.
  • the carrier web can be passed through a container with a supply of water to be cleaned in a simple manner.
  • the carrier web is guided through squeeze rollers arranged at least once above a collecting trough, a concentration of the contaminants of the water to be cleaned during operation of the system can be avoided, since the concentrate remaining in the carrier web after the water has evaporated does not enter the container with the cleaning water is introduced.
  • a vacuum pump .. is connected in the air-tight circuit of the air flow to create a negative pressure, the generation of water vapor can thus be increased further.
  • the prerequisite is that the condensate is drawn off via an outlet pump and the water to be cleaned is supplied via an inlet throttle.
  • the carrier web can be exposed to UV radiation for sterilization. It can also ensure that no external contaminants can affect water purification.
  • FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a device for desalination of salt water according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a device according to the invention in a top view
  • FIG. 3 shows an enlarged top view of the partially opened evaporator
  • FIG. 4 shows a section along the line III-III of FIG. 3 ,
  • the device for desalting salt water 1 consists of an evaporator 2 and a condenser 3 arranged downstream of the evaporator 2, which are together in a circuit for an air stream 4 serving as a carrier for the water vapor.
  • a fan 5 is used to circulate the air stream 4.
  • the salt water 1 is evaporated in the evaporator 2 and the steam is condensed in the condenser 3, the condensate 6 being removed as drinking water.
  • a refrigerant circuit 7 with a compressor 8 is provided for cooling the air stream 4 saturated with water vapor.
  • the refrigerant compressed in the compressor 8 is cooled by expansion with the aid of a throttle 9, and ensures in the condenser 3 that the water vapor carried in the air flow -4 condenses.
  • the heat absorbed by the refrigerant from the steam can be used to heat the salt water 1 and / or the air flow 4.
  • a heat exchanger 10 for the salt water 1 and a heat exchanger 11 for the air flow 4 are provided, the heat exchangers 10 and 11 being able to be acted upon in accordance with the requirements via a valve 12.
  • the device according to FIG. 2 has a housing 14 which forms a flow channel 13 for the air flow 4 and which accommodates the evaporator 2 and the condenser 3. As can be seen in particular from FIGS.
  • the evaporator 2 comprises an endlessly circulating carrier web 15, which is guided back and forth in a meandering manner in the evaporator by deflecting rollers 16 running in the flow direction of the air stream 4, and preferably made of a nonwoven or felt consists.
  • the evaporator 2 forms a container 17 for the salt water 1 in the lower region, a portion of the deflection rollers 16 being immersed in the salt water 1 for sucking up the salt water 1 from the carrier web 15.
  • a container 18 for the brine remaining in the carrier web 15 after the evaporation of the salt water 1 connects to the container 17.
  • squeeze rollers 19 parallel to the deflection rollers 16 are arranged above the collecting trough 18.
  • the condenser 3 is designed as a heat exchanger which is acted upon by the refrigerant of the refrigerant circuit 7 which has been expanded and cooled in the process after the compression by the compressor 8.
  • the water condensing from the air flow 4 due to the cooling is collected in a collecting trough 20 arranged below the condenser 3 and can be removed via a drain tap 21.
  • the air stream 4 dried by the condensation of the water vapor is conveyed via a fan 22 through a heat exchanger 23 which is connected to the refrigerant circuit 7 and is acted upon by the heat absorbed by the refrigerant when the steam cools down.
  • the salt water 1 can also be preheated via the refrigerant circuit 7, as is indicated in FIG. 1, but which is not shown in FIG. 2 for reasons of clarity.
  • the heated air stream 4 is fed back to the evaporator 2 via the fan 5, where it absorbs water vapor in order to feed it to the condenser 3. So that the condenser 3 can be evenly charged with the air flow 4 and thus with the absorbed water vapor, 3 baffles 24 are arranged in the flow channel 13 between the evaporator 2 and the condenser.
  • the housing 14 can be connected to a vacuum pump 25.
  • the housing 14 is to be made airtight at least in the region of the air flow 4. This means, for the removal of the condensed water 6, that the drip pan 20 must be connected to an outlet pump via the drain tap 21.
  • the inlet 26 for the salt water is to be provided with an inlet throttle in order to be able to maintain the negative pressure in the housing 14.
  • a pump connection is not necessary for the drain cock 27 for the collecting basin 18 of the brine if the brine is not to be continuously withdrawn.
  • disinfection can be carried out in the region of the carrier web 15, for example by means of UV radiation.
  • a corresponding radiation source is indicated by dash-dotted lines in FIG. 4 and provided with the reference symbol 28.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
  • Road Repair (AREA)
  • Recrystallisation Techniques (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for purifying water, especially for desalinating salt water (1), which comprises a vaporizer (2) for the water to be purified and a condenser (3), mounted downstream of the vaporizer (2), for the water vapor, whereby the vaporizer (2) comprises at least one revolving textile support track (15) for the water to be vaporized. In order to obtain advantageous conditions, the vaporizer (2) and the condenser (3) are disposed in a cycle for an air flow (4) serving as the support for the water vapor. The revolving support strip (15) is guided between deflection rollers (16) in a meandering manner and the deflection rollers (16) for the textile support strip (15) extend in the direction of flow of the air flow (4).

Description

Vorrichtung zum Reinigen von WasserDevice for cleaning water
Technisches GebietTechnical field
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Vorrichtung zum Reinigen von Wasser, insbesondere zum Entsalzen von Salzwasser, mit einem Verdampfer für das zu reinigende Wasser und mit einem dem Verdampfer nachgeordneten Kondensator für den Wasserdampf, wobei der Verdampfer zumindest eine umlaufende textile Trägerbahn für das zu verdampfende Wasser aufweist.The invention relates to a device for cleaning water, in particular for desalting salt water, with an evaporator for the water to be cleaned and with a condenser for the water vapor downstream of the evaporator, the evaporator having at least one circulating textile carrier web for the water to be evaporated having.
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Um zur Trinkwassererzeugung Salz aus dem Salzwasser abtrennen zu können, sind aus dem Stand der Technik Vorrichtungen bekannt (US 3 269 920 B), die zur Verdampfung des Salzwassers dieses mit einer umlaufenden textilen Trägerbahn aus einem Salzwasserbehälter fördern. Da in bekannter Weise der Wasserdampf einen erheblich geringeren Salzgehalt als das Salzwasser aufweist, kann mit einem Kondensieren des Wasserdampfs Wasser mit verringertem Salzgehalt erhalten werden. Entscheidend für den Salzgehalt des kondensierten Wassers ist vor allem die Temperatur des zu verdampfenden Salzwas-, sers. Wird beispielsweise eine niedrige Salzwassertemperatur unter 70°C gewählt, so ist nicht nur der Salzgehalt im kondensierten Wasser, sondern auch die verdampfte Wassermenge geringer, so daß bei den bekannten Vorrichtungen Heizelemente zur Erhöhung der Dampferzeugung vorgesehen werden. Diese Heizelemente können zur Erwärmung entweder der Trägerbahn (US 3 269 920 B) oder auch des Salzwassers (DE 1 792 134 A1) dienen, verursachen jedoch immer einen höheren Salzgehalt des kondensierten Wassers, so daß derartige Vorrichtungen zur Erzeugung von Trinkwasser mit einem zwingend geringen Salzgehalt nicht geeignet sind. Sollen diese Vorrichtungen dennoch zur Trinkwassererzeugung verwendet werden, so sind aufwendige Nachbehandlungen des kondensierten Wassers notwendig.In order to be able to separate salt from the salt water for the production of drinking water, devices are known from the prior art (US Pat. No. 3,269,920 B) which convey the salt water from a salt water container with a circumferential textile carrier web to evaporate it. Since the water vapor has a considerably lower salt content than the salt water in a known manner, water with a reduced salt content can be obtained by condensing the water vapor. Crucial to the salt content of the condensed water is mainly the temperature of the salt-water to be evaporated, sers. If, for example, a low salt water temperature below 70 ° C. is selected, not only the salt content in the condensed water but also the amount of water evaporated is lower, so that heating elements for increasing the steam generation are provided in the known devices. These heating elements can be used to heat either the carrier web (US 3,269,920 B) or the salt water (DE 1 792 134 A1), however, always cause a higher salt content of the condensed water, so that such devices are not suitable for producing drinking water with an absolutely low salt content. If these devices are nevertheless to be used to produce drinking water, then extensive post-treatment of the condensed water is necessary.
Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention
Der Erfindung liegt somit die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung zum Reinigen von Wasser, insbesondere zum Entsalzen von Salzwasser, der eingangs geschilderten Art derart zu verbessern, daß trotz einer hohen Wasserdampferzeugung das kondensierte Wasser einen vergleichsweise geringen Verunreinigungsgrad aufweist.The invention is therefore based on the object of improving a device for purifying water, in particular for desalting salt water, of the type described at the outset in such a way that, despite high steam generation, the condensed water has a comparatively low degree of contamination.
Die Erfindung löst die gestellte Aufgabe dadurch, daß der Verdampfer und der Kondensator in einem Kreislauf für einen als Träger für den Wasserdampf dienenden Luftstrom liegen, daß die umlaufende Trägerbahn zwischen Umlenkrollen mäanderförmig hin- und hergeführt ist und daß die Umlenkrollen für die textile Trägerbahn in Strömungsrichtung des Luftstroms verlaufen.The invention solves this problem in that the evaporator and the condenser are in a circuit for an air stream serving as a carrier for the water vapor, that the circulating carrier web is guided back and forth between deflection rollers and that the deflection rollers for the textile carrier web are in the flow direction of the air flow.
Mit dem Vorsehen einer zwischen Umlenkrollen mäanderförmig hin- und hergeführten Trägerbahn im Verdampfer, kann mit einer geringen Erhöhung der Wassertemperatur die Dampferzeugung vergrößert werden, da die textile Trägerbahn für das aufgesogene, zu reinigende Wasser eine vergleichsweise große Verdunstungsoberfläche bietet. Es ist daher möglich, bei einer niedrigen Wassertemperatur, eine große Verdampfungsrate und eine hohe Reinigungswirkung zu gewährleisten. Aufwendige Nachbehandlungen des kondensierten Wassers können entfallen, was die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung besonders zum Herstellen von Trinkwasser aus Salzwasser geeignet macht. Außerdem kann mit einer mäanderförmigen Führung des Trägerbands die Abmessung des Verdampfers klein gehalten werden, wobei hinzu kommt, daß mit einem Verlaufen der Umlenkrollen für die textile Trägerbahn in Strömungsrichtung des Luftstroms, beide Seiten der Trägerbahn eine Verdampfungsoberfläche für das aufgesogene Wasser bilden. Wegen der Kreislaufführung des als Träger für den Wasserdampf dienenden Luftstroms über den Verdampfer und den Kondensator steht die nach dem Kondensator trockene Luftströmung wieder zur Aufnahme des Wasserdampfes aus dem Verdampfer zur Verfügung, was besonders vorteilhafte Verfahrensbedingungen schafft.With the provision of a carrier web in the evaporator that is meandered between deflection rollers, the steam generation can be increased with a slight increase in the water temperature, since the textile carrier web offers a comparatively large evaporation surface for the absorbed water to be cleaned. It is therefore possible to ensure a high evaporation rate and a high cleaning effect at a low water temperature. Complicated post-treatment of the condensed water can be omitted, which makes the device according to the invention particularly suitable for producing drinking water from salt water. In addition, with a meandering guide of the carrier tape, the dimension of the evaporator can be kept small, with the fact that with a running of the deflection rollers for the textile carrier web in the direction of flow of the air stream, both sides of the carrier web provide an evaporation surface for the form absorbed water. Because of the circulation of the air flow serving as a carrier for the water vapor via the evaporator and the condenser, the air flow that is dry after the condenser is again available for absorbing the water vapor from the evaporator, which creates particularly advantageous process conditions.
Weist die textile Trägerbahn eine Oberflächenstruktur auf, beispielsweise Noppen, so kann die Verdampfungsoberfläche und damit die Wasserdampferzeugung noch weiter vergrößert bzw. erhöht werden. Auch sind Oberflächenstrukturen mit Kapillarwirkung denkbar, um so das von der Trägerbahn aufgesogene Wasser zur besseren Verdunstung auf die Außenseiten der Trägerbahn zu fördern.If the textile carrier web has a surface structure, for example knobs, the evaporation surface and thus the steam generation can be increased or increased even further. Surface structures with capillary action are also conceivable in order to convey the water absorbed by the carrier web to the outside of the carrier web for better evaporation.
Besteht die Trägerbahn aus einem Faservlies bzw. ein Faserfilz so kann die Saugwirkung dieser Werkstoffe vorteilhaft für die Aufnahme des zu reinigenden Wassers genützt werden. Zur Aufnahme des reinigenden Wassers kann die Trägerbahn in einfacher Weise durch einen Behälter mit einem Vorrat an zu reinigendem Wasser geführt werden.If the carrier web consists of a fiber fleece or a fiber felt, the suction effect of these materials can advantageously be used to absorb the water to be cleaned. To take up the cleaning water, the carrier web can be passed through a container with a supply of water to be cleaned in a simple manner.
Wird die Trägerbahn durch zumindest einmal oberhalb einer Auffangwanne angeordnete Quetschwalzen geführt, so kann ein Aufkonzentrieren der Verunreinigungen des zu reinigenden Wassers während des Betriebs der Anlage vermieden werden, da das in der Trägerbahn nach der Verdampfung des Wassers zurückbleibende Konzentrat nicht in den Behälter mit dem zu reinigenden Wasser eingebracht wird.If the carrier web is guided through squeeze rollers arranged at least once above a collecting trough, a concentration of the contaminants of the water to be cleaned during operation of the system can be avoided, since the concentrate remaining in the carrier web after the water has evaporated does not enter the container with the cleaning water is introduced.
Ist im luftdicht abgeschlossenen Kreislauf des Luftstroms eine Vakuumpumpe.., zum Erstellen eines Unterdrucks angeschlossen, so kann damit die Erzeugung von Wasserdampf weiter erhöht werden. Voraussetzung ist, daß das Kondensat über eine Auslaufpumpe abgezogen und das zu reinigende Wasser über eine Einlaufdrossel zugeführt wird. Zur Entkeimung kann die Trägerbahn einer UV-Bestrahlung ausgesetzt werden. Außerdem kann so gewährleistet werden, daß keine Verunreinigungen von Außen Einfluß auf die Wasserreinigung nehmen können.If a vacuum pump .. is connected in the air-tight circuit of the air flow to create a negative pressure, the generation of water vapor can thus be increased further. The prerequisite is that the condensate is drawn off via an outlet pump and the water to be cleaned is supplied via an inlet throttle. The carrier web can be exposed to UV radiation for sterilization. It can also ensure that no external contaminants can affect water purification.
Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungBrief description of the drawing
In der Zeichnung ist der Erfindungsgegenstand beispielsweise dargestellt. Es zeigenThe subject matter of the invention is shown in the drawing, for example. Show it
Fig. 1 ein Blockschaltbild einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zum Entsalzen von Salzwasser, Fig. 2 eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung in einer aufgerissenen Draufsicht, Fig. 3 eine vergrößerte Draufsicht des teilweise aufgerissenen Verdampfers und Fig. 4 einen Schnitt nach der Linie lll-lll der Fig. 3.1 shows a block diagram of a device for desalination of salt water according to the invention, FIG. 2 shows a device according to the invention in a top view, FIG. 3 shows an enlarged top view of the partially opened evaporator, and FIG. 4 shows a section along the line III-III of FIG. 3 ,
Weg zur Ausführung der ErfindungWay of carrying out the invention
Gemäß dem nach Fig. 1 in einem Blockschaltbild dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel besteht die Vorrichtung zum Entsalzen von Salzwasser 1 aus einem Verdampfer 2 und einem dem Verdampfer 2 nachgeordneten Kondensator 3, die gemeinsam in einem Kreislauf für einen als Träger für den Wasserdampf dienenden Luftstrom 4 liegen. Für den Umlauf des Luftstroms 4 dient ein Ventilator 5. Das Salzwasser 1 wird im Verdampfer 2 verdampft und der Dampf im Kondensator 3 kondensiert, wobei das Kondensat 6 als Trinkwasser abgeführt wird. Zur Abkühlung des mit Wasserdampf gesättigten Luftstroms 4 ist ein Kältemittelkreis 7 mit einem Kompressor 8 vorgesehen. Das im Kompressor 8 verdichtete Kältemittel wird durch eine Entspannung mit Hilfe einer Drossel 9 gekühlt, und sorgt im Kondensator 3 für ein Kondensieren des im Luftstrom -4 mitgeführten Wasserdampfs. Die vom Kältemittel aus dem Dampf aufgenommene Wärme kann zur Erwärmung des Salzwassers 1 und/oder des Luftstroms 4 genützt werden. Zu diesem Zweck ist ein Wärmetauscher 10 für das Salzwasser 1 und ein Wärmetauscher 11 für den Luftstrom 4 vorgesehen, wobei über ein Ventil 12 die Wärmetauscher 10 und 11 den Anforderungen entsprechend beaufschlagt werden können. Die Vorrichtung nach der Fig. 2 weist ein einen Strömungskanal 13 für den Luftstrom 4 bildendes Gehäuse 14 auf, das den Verdampfer 2 und den Kondensator 3 aufnimmt. Wie insbesondere den Fig. 3 und Fig. 4 entnommen werden kann, umfaßt der Verdampfer 2 eine endlos umlaufende Trägerbahn 15, die im Verdampfer durch in Strömungsrichtung des Luftstroms 4 verlaufende Umlenkrollen 16 mäanderförmig hin- und hergeführt ist und vorzugsweise aus einem Faservlies oder -filz besteht. Der Verdampfer 2 bildet im unteren Bereich einen Behälter 17 für das Salzwasser 1 , wobei zum Aufsaugen des Salzwassers 1 von der Trägerbahn 15 ein Teil der Umlenkrollen 16 in das Salzwasser 1 eintauchen. An den Behälter 17 schließt eine Auffangwanne 18 für die in der Trägerbahn 15 nach dem Verdampfen des Salzwassers 1 zurückbleibende Sole an. Zum Ausdrücken der Sole aus der Trägerbahn 15 sind oberhalb der Auffangwanne 18 zu den Umlenkrollen 16 parallele Quetschwalzen 19 angeordnet.According to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 in a block diagram, the device for desalting salt water 1 consists of an evaporator 2 and a condenser 3 arranged downstream of the evaporator 2, which are together in a circuit for an air stream 4 serving as a carrier for the water vapor. A fan 5 is used to circulate the air stream 4. The salt water 1 is evaporated in the evaporator 2 and the steam is condensed in the condenser 3, the condensate 6 being removed as drinking water. A refrigerant circuit 7 with a compressor 8 is provided for cooling the air stream 4 saturated with water vapor. The refrigerant compressed in the compressor 8 is cooled by expansion with the aid of a throttle 9, and ensures in the condenser 3 that the water vapor carried in the air flow -4 condenses. The heat absorbed by the refrigerant from the steam can be used to heat the salt water 1 and / or the air flow 4. For this purpose, a heat exchanger 10 for the salt water 1 and a heat exchanger 11 for the air flow 4 are provided, the heat exchangers 10 and 11 being able to be acted upon in accordance with the requirements via a valve 12. The device according to FIG. 2 has a housing 14 which forms a flow channel 13 for the air flow 4 and which accommodates the evaporator 2 and the condenser 3. As can be seen in particular from FIGS. 3 and 4, the evaporator 2 comprises an endlessly circulating carrier web 15, which is guided back and forth in a meandering manner in the evaporator by deflecting rollers 16 running in the flow direction of the air stream 4, and preferably made of a nonwoven or felt consists. The evaporator 2 forms a container 17 for the salt water 1 in the lower region, a portion of the deflection rollers 16 being immersed in the salt water 1 for sucking up the salt water 1 from the carrier web 15. A container 18 for the brine remaining in the carrier web 15 after the evaporation of the salt water 1 connects to the container 17. To squeeze the brine out of the carrier web 15, squeeze rollers 19 parallel to the deflection rollers 16 are arranged above the collecting trough 18.
Der Kondensator 3 ist als Wärmetauscher ausgebildet, der mit dem nach dem Verdichten durch den Kompressor 8 entspannten und dabei abgekühlten Kältemittel des Kältemittelkreises 7 beaufschlagt wird. Das aufgrund der Abkühlung aus dem Luftstrom 4 kondensierende Wasser wird in einer unterhalb des Kondensators 3 angeordneten Auffangwanne 20 gesammelt und kann über einen Ablaufhahn 21 entnommen werden. Der durch das Kondensieren des Wasserdampfes getrocknete Luftstrom 4 wird über einen Ventilator 22 durch einen Wärmetauscher 23 gefördert, der an den Kältemittelkreis 7 angeschlossen ist und mit der beim Abkühlen des Dampfes durch das Kältemittel aufgenommenen Wärme beaufschlagt wird. Über den Kältemittelkreis 7 kann so außerdem das Salzwasser 1 vorgewärmt, wie dies in der Fig. 1 angedeutet in .,, der Fig. 2 aus Übersichtlichkeitsgründen aber nicht dargestellt ist.The condenser 3 is designed as a heat exchanger which is acted upon by the refrigerant of the refrigerant circuit 7 which has been expanded and cooled in the process after the compression by the compressor 8. The water condensing from the air flow 4 due to the cooling is collected in a collecting trough 20 arranged below the condenser 3 and can be removed via a drain tap 21. The air stream 4 dried by the condensation of the water vapor is conveyed via a fan 22 through a heat exchanger 23 which is connected to the refrigerant circuit 7 and is acted upon by the heat absorbed by the refrigerant when the steam cools down. The salt water 1 can also be preheated via the refrigerant circuit 7, as is indicated in FIG. 1, but which is not shown in FIG. 2 for reasons of clarity.
Der erwärmte Luftstrom 4 wird über den Ventilator 5 wieder dem Verdampfer 2 zugeführt, wo er Wasserdampf aufnimmt, um ihn dem Kondensator 3 zuzuführen. Damit der Kondensator 3 gleichmäßig mit dem Luftstrom 4 und damit mit dem aufgenommenen Wasserdampf gleichmäßig beaufschlagt werden kann, sind im Strömungskanal 13 zwischen Verdampfer 2 und Kondensator 3 Leitbleche 24 angeordnet.The heated air stream 4 is fed back to the evaporator 2 via the fan 5, where it absorbs water vapor in order to feed it to the condenser 3. So that the condenser 3 can be evenly charged with the air flow 4 and thus with the absorbed water vapor, 3 baffles 24 are arranged in the flow channel 13 between the evaporator 2 and the condenser.
Um den bei Unterdruck verbesserten Übergang des Wassers in Dampf nützen zu können, kann das Gehäuse 14 an eine Vakuumpumpe 25 angeschlossen werden. Zu diesem Zweck ist allerdings das Gehäuse 14 zumindest im Bereich des Luftstromes 4 luftdicht auszubilden. Dies bedeutet, für den Abzug des kondensierten Wassers 6, daß die Auffangwanne 20 über den Ablaufhahn 21 an eine Auslaufpumpe angeschlossen werden muß. Außerdem ist der Zulauf 26 für das Salzwasser mit einer Einlaufdrossel zu versehen, um den Unterdruck im Gehäuse 14 aufrechterhalten zu können. Für den Ablaufhahn 27 für Auffangwanne 18 der Sole ist ein Pumpenanschluß dann nicht notwendig, wenn die Sole nicht kontinuierlich abgezogen werden soll.In order to be able to use the improved transition of water to steam under reduced pressure, the housing 14 can be connected to a vacuum pump 25. For this purpose, however, the housing 14 is to be made airtight at least in the region of the air flow 4. This means, for the removal of the condensed water 6, that the drip pan 20 must be connected to an outlet pump via the drain tap 21. In addition, the inlet 26 for the salt water is to be provided with an inlet throttle in order to be able to maintain the negative pressure in the housing 14. A pump connection is not necessary for the drain cock 27 for the collecting basin 18 of the brine if the brine is not to be continuously withdrawn.
Um die Gefahr einer Keimbildung im Bereich der Trägerbahn 15 des Verdampfers 2 zu unterdrücken, kann im Bereich der Trägerbahn 15 eine Entkeimung vorgenommen werden, beispielsweise durch eine UV-Bestrahlung. Eine entsprechende Strahlungsquelle ist in der Fig. 4 strichpunktiert angedeutet und mit dem Bezugszeichen 28 versehen. In order to suppress the risk of nucleation in the region of the carrier web 15 of the evaporator 2, disinfection can be carried out in the region of the carrier web 15, for example by means of UV radiation. A corresponding radiation source is indicated by dash-dotted lines in FIG. 4 and provided with the reference symbol 28.

Claims

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e : Patent claims:
1. Vorrichtung zum Reinigen von Wasser, insbesondere zum Entsalzen von Salzwasser (1), mit einem Verdampfer (2) für das zu reinigende Wasser und mit einem dem Verdampfer (2) nachgeordneten Kondensator (3) für den Wasserdampf, wobei der Verdampfer (2) zumindest eine umlaufende textile Trägerbahn (15) für das zu verdampfende Wasser aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Verdampfer (2) und der Kondensator (3) in einem Kreislauf für einen als Träger für den Wasserdampf dienenden Luftstrom (4) liegen, daß die umlaufende Trägerbahn (15) zwischen Umlenkrollen (16) mäanderförmig hin- und hergeführt ist und daß die Umlenkrollen (16) für die textile Trägerbahn (15) in Strömungsrichtung des Luftstroms (4) verlaufen.1. Device for cleaning water, in particular for desalting salt water (1), with an evaporator (2) for the water to be cleaned and with a condenser (3) downstream of the evaporator (2) for the water vapor, the evaporator (2 ) has at least one circulating textile carrier web (15) for the water to be evaporated, characterized in that the evaporator (2) and the condenser (3) are in a circuit for an air stream (4) serving as a carrier for the water vapor, that the circulating carrier web (15) is guided back and forth between deflection rollers (16) and that the deflection rollers (16) for the textile carrier web (15) run in the direction of flow of the air stream (4).
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die textile Trägerbahn (15) eine Oberflächenstruktur aufweist.2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the textile carrier web (15) has a surface structure.
3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die textile Trägerbahn (15) aus einem Faservlies oder Faserfilz besteht.3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the textile carrier web (15) consists of a nonwoven fabric or fiber felt.
4. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Trägerbahn (15) durch wenigstens einen das zu reinigende Wasser aufnehmenden Behälter (17) geführt ist.4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the carrier web (15) is guided through at least one container (17) which holds the water to be cleaned.
5. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Trägerbahn (15) durch zumindest einmal oberhalb einer Auffangwanne (18) angeordnete Quetschwalzen (19) geführt ist.5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the carrier web (15) through at least once above a collecting trough (18) arranged squeeze rollers (19) is guided.
6. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Vakuumpumpe (25) zum Erzeugen eines Unterdrucks an den luftdicht abgeschlossenen Kreislauf des Luftstroms (4) angeschlossen ist. 6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a vacuum pump (25) for generating a vacuum is connected to the air-tight circuit of the air flow (4).
PCT/AT2004/000030 2003-01-27 2004-01-27 Device for purifying water WO2004067451A1 (en)

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US10143936B2 (en) 2015-05-21 2018-12-04 Gradiant Corporation Systems including an apparatus comprising both a humidification region and a dehumidification region with heat recovery and/or intermediate injection
US10479701B2 (en) 2015-05-21 2019-11-19 Gradiant Corporation Production of ultra-high-density brines using transiently-operated desalination systems
US11084736B2 (en) 2015-05-21 2021-08-10 Gradiant Corporation Production of ultra-high-density brines using transiently-operated desalination systems
US10294123B2 (en) 2016-05-20 2019-05-21 Gradiant Corporation Humidification-dehumidification systems and methods at low top brine temperatures
WO2021018331A1 (en) 2019-07-27 2021-02-04 Hochschule Wismar Heating means for increasing the vaporisation rate of water for thermal and solar water evaporators

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