WO2004065702A1

WO2004065702A1 - System for controlling drinking water distribution by injection

Info

Publication number: WO2004065702A1
Application number: PCT/DZ2004/000001
Authority: WO
Inventors: Abdelkader Meberbeche
Original assignee: Abdelkader Meberbeche
Priority date: 2003-01-22
Filing date: 2004-01-21
Publication date: 2004-08-05
Also published as: DZ3400A1

Abstract

The invention concerns a system based on six essential elements: 1) water tank; 2) pumping and surge station; 3) pipe systems; 4) mechanical injectors or injectors equipped with microprocessors; 5) pressure regulators; 6) valves and fittings. The assembly of said elements enable an amount of water (15) to be supplied at a specific pressure. Concerning the novel element: the injector, it enables reduction of the average flow rate of a hydraulic point of a diameter of 14 millimeters at a pressure of 12.78 m3/h to 1.02 m3/h as well as the control of said liquid so as to deliver to one or several consumers the same amount of water at the same pressure simultaneously.

Description

INJECTION WATER DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Technical field to which the invention relates The present invention relates to the economy of water and electrical energy as well as to the equitable distribution of water resources (A.E.P, irrigation ...)

State of the art

There are two water distribution systems: 1 / Gravity distribution

The distribution of water by gravity, despite its many advantages (energy saving, low noise pollution ...) especially at the level of constructions having a low height but, The difficulties caused by this system and which are faced by residents of property complexes, in particular the inhabitants of multi-storey buildings are:

- 1.1) that the supply is done from the bottom of the building, the water in a communicating vessel rises in the distribution columns up to the maximum height in relation to the water level of the tank. The elevation of buildings, especially those of great height (I.G.H) is often higher than that of water towers. The occupants of the upper floors of these buildings are deprived of water, which explains the proliferation of illicit tapping on the public drinking water distribution networks (uncontrolled installations of on pressers, tanks ...), water being available on the lower floors, the occupants of these floors enjoy this resource without moderation and waste large quantities of water.

- 1.2) That the food is done by the highest point of the building the inhabitants of the upper floors are under the mercy of the occupants of the lower floors by: - 1.3) Their taps constantly open - 1.4) By gravity which strengthens the flow of water at the lowest point.

The gravity system is mainly used by water towers, cisterns or raised tanks (limited maximum height of the tanks compared to the height of buildings, high financial costs, anarchy in the distribution of water). 2 / Overpressure distribution

Overpressure has the advantage of using the force of electric pumps to transport water under pressure and therefore this system has corrected the inadequacies of water distribution by gravity, however, overpressure has some drawbacks:

- 2.1) overconsumption of electrical energy

- 2.2) a significant loss of the quantity of water

- 2.3) causes deterioration of water distribution networks

- 2.4) accelerates the development of different types of pollution (noise, water, etc.).

Example of loss of drinking water: a hydraulic point with a diameter of: 14 millimeters at three bars of pressure gives a flow rate of: 213 l / minute, while a person's water needs are: 80 1 / by 24 / h.

We see the extent of the loss that the most conscientious user cannot control. In addition to this loss, there are significant water leaks on the service networks due to the overpressure.

The aging of the pipes and the extent of the leaks are proportional to the operating pressure:

The higher the pressure in the pipes, the faster the aging of the pipes, the greater the leaks.

It is also overpressure, when it is used directly in the distribution of water that causes overconsumption of water resources. The negative consequences of this overconsumption are characterized in particular by the depletion of dams and the overexploitation of groundwater (groundwater). These two systems have shown their limits in the management of the distribution of water resources, particularly in countries where there is a lack of water availability (arid or semi-arid countries).

Origin of the invention: Since the oldest times, the inhabitants of the south Algerian use the most various means to master the techniques of recognition, collection and distribution of water whatever: surface (wadis, sources .. .) or underground (aquifers ...) Agricultural development and the establishment of entire populations in certain arid zones have become possible thanks to the installation of a technique which was in its time and which remains of capital importance for the irrigation of certain perimeters: FOGARA.

This fabulous irrigation system allows gravity to distribute fairly quantities of water in the perimeter depending on the areas and existing plants including food crops (market gardening, date palms ...) as well as the maintenance of a balanced microclimate.

The purpose of the invention

The object of the invention is to introduce a new approach to the economy of water resources, in particular by rational management of water distribution.

Presentation of the essence of the invention

This innovation works on the basis of six essential elements:

- Water cover or storage tank

- Pumping station

- Pipes - Injectors

- pressure regulators

- Faucets.

The combination of these elements makes it possible to effectively control losses (leakage, leaks, waste ...) and water-borne diseases as well as guarantee each consumer the same quantity of water at the same time and the same pressure as for the injector, it reduces the average consumption of a hydraulic point with a diameter of: 14 millimeters at a pressure of three bars from: 12.78 m3 / h to 1.02 m3 / h

Mode of realization of the invention This new approach is based on: 1 / the separation of the supply networks and the distribution networks of drinking water.

The public network is no longer constrained to the function of distribution, it will only be used for filling water tanks and will be subjected to very low pressure. This low pressure will stop the rapid deterioration of the pipes and considerably reduce leaks on public networks.

2 / the installation of a water tank at each building complex or group of dwellings which will act as an intermediary between the main network and the site to be served. 3 / the equipment of this water tank by a pumping and discharge station carried out in accordance with the importance of the site.

4 / creation of a meshed and balanced secondary network

In our method we consider that the zero potential is at the highest point to be served where a forced rise of the waters and for this, the use of injectors calibrated according to the flow table, this allows:

- 4.1) network balance

- 4.2) equitable and controlled distribution of water

- 4.3) a stabilization of the pressure of the secondary network and will serve as an interface between the total pressure under load and the domestic pressure (pressure at the level of the tap) - 4.4) to give an average flow for all the hydraulic points to a constant pressure of three bars from: 213 l / minute to 17 l / minute.

By this water saving (from 213 l / min to 17 l / min), all consumers will be equal in front of the flow, the pressure as well as the quantity of water.

Also the availability will be constant and this, whatever the height of the buildings or the configuration of the floors.

This availability will act on the psychosis of the shortage which in turn will act on the uncontrolled storage of water on its arrival and the rejection in the sewer of the quantities stored and not used. (the discharge to the sewer of these unused waters will swell the wastewater and its perverse effects on the environment)

Distribution networks /

The pipes used must be of good sealing, high mechanical strength, high resistance to bodywork, galvanized steel tariff III or ductile iron perfectly meet the design of the IPE system. The installation must be carried out by professionals who respect the particularity of these materials, in particular galvanized steel.

The injector / The diameter of the injection is determined by the maximum height of the point to be served, the desired flow rate and the operating pressure

Example of two real cases of management / Case N ° 1 / management by overpressure: Number of people: 115

A volume of water of 12.83 m3 / d was necessary to meet the needs of this population (111, 56 l / d per person for winter consumption). Power consumption: 135 KW / d

Case N ° 2 / management by I.P.E. system:

For the same number of people (115) the needs of this population were met with a volume of water of 9.34 m3 / d (81, 23 l / d per person summer consumption).

Electricity consumption: 5,939 KW / d The site selected for this experiment is characterized by a significant drop as well as an irregular height of the buildings.

Gravity system /

The gravity system that could not meet the criteria for different pressures (HMT limited) was excluded from this experiment.

Reading these figures, we see the importance of the system IPE in the future management of water resources and the impact of this economy on electrical energy which is an essential element in the production of water as well as the positive impact on environmental protection and sustainable development.

Claims

1. System for managing the distribution of water by injection (drinking water, agricultural or industrial irrigation). The system is essentially based on six (06) elements: Water tank or storage tank, pumping station, pipes, pressure regulators, injectors and fittings.

The combination of the elements described above makes it possible to give a quantity of water. As for the new element: the injector, it reduces the average flow of a hydraulic point with a diameter of: 14 millimeters at a pressure of: 03 bars from 12.78 m3 / h to 1.02 m3 / h as well as the regulation of this liquid so as to deliver to one or more consumers the same quantity of water at the same pressure and at the same time.

2. According to claim 1 the system allows the replacement of the system by gravity (water tower) and to complete the overpressure, it can operate as an automaton.

3. The start-up of the pumping and discharge station is controlled by the opening of a hydraulic point (tap or valve) on the distribution network (start-up created by a vacuum on the distribution network).

Stopping of the pumping and delivery station is ordered by closing the same hydraulic point (tap or valve).

This balance remains maintained by hydroelectric regulation.

4. The internal diameter of the injector can be from 0 to a diameter determined by a hydraulic calculation note.

5. The injectors can have different thicknesses and geometric shapes (polygons, rounds, conical ...) on the interior and exterior planes.

6. The injectors can be installed at various points in the distribution network (regulators, filters, meters, taps, etc.)

7. According to claim 2: in the case where the system is installed on uneven terrain (difference in elevation), the hydraulic calculation note must include this difference, even slight difference in elevation, and introduce pressure regulators at the points highest and intermediate points to correct this difference of level difference from the lowest points so as to obtain the three (03) bars of pressure necessary for the proper functioning of the system.

8. The injectors must be protected against impurities carried by the water. The installation of filters at the point of the main junction of the unit to be served (individual or collective unit ...).

9. The calibration of each injector must be carried out in accordance with the flow table (see annex I) this is essential for the proper functioning of the I.P.E system.

10. The supply of the units to be served (individual or collective unit) must be done from the highest point so that the zero potential is obtained at the most disadvantaged point (highest point on the network). Distribution to consumers must be done on the secondary pipe (ie on the downcomer).

11. The materials used for the manufacture of the injector must have good anti-corrosion mechanical resistance (bronze, copper, steel, galvanized or other synthetic materials ...).

12. The injectors can be fitted with microprocessors (electronic chips) or any system allowing remote control

(Electric signal ...) for controlling the water flow (opening or closing the injectors remotely).

13. centralized control from a supervision point which can act on one or more injectors (flow control) thanks to a signal or electrical connection.

14. Of course, all of these claims are not restrictive to the present description, it goes without saying that the invention can be implemented according to other variants, without departing from its scope.