WO2004058228A1 - Enteric coated fluoxetine composition - Google Patents

Enteric coated fluoxetine composition Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004058228A1
WO2004058228A1 PCT/IN2002/000243 IN0200243W WO2004058228A1 WO 2004058228 A1 WO2004058228 A1 WO 2004058228A1 IN 0200243 W IN0200243 W IN 0200243W WO 2004058228 A1 WO2004058228 A1 WO 2004058228A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
composition
core
fluoxetine
enteric
coat
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IN2002/000243
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Vineeth Raghavan
Suryakumar Jayanthi
Himadri Sen
Original Assignee
Lupin Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Lupin Limited filed Critical Lupin Limited
Priority to AU2002361495A priority Critical patent/AU2002361495A1/en
Priority to PCT/IN2002/000243 priority patent/WO2004058228A1/en
Publication of WO2004058228A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004058228A1/en

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/28Dragees; Coated pills or tablets, e.g. with film or compression coating
    • A61K9/2886Dragees; Coated pills or tablets, e.g. with film or compression coating having two or more different drug-free coatings; Tablets of the type inert core-drug layer-inactive layer
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/13Amines
    • A61K31/135Amines having aromatic rings, e.g. ketamine, nortriptyline
    • A61K31/138Aryloxyalkylamines, e.g. propranolol, tamoxifen, phenoxybenzamine
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/48Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
    • A61K9/50Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
    • A61K9/5073Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals having two or more different coatings optionally including drug-containing subcoatings
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/14Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
    • A61K9/16Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
    • A61K9/1605Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/1611Inorganic compounds
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/14Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
    • A61K9/16Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
    • A61K9/1605Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/1629Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/1652Polysaccharides, e.g. alginate, cellulose derivatives; Cyclodextrin
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2004Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/2009Inorganic compounds
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2004Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/2022Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/205Polysaccharides, e.g. alginate, gums; Cyclodextrin
    • A61K9/2054Cellulose; Cellulose derivatives, e.g. hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/28Dragees; Coated pills or tablets, e.g. with film or compression coating
    • A61K9/2806Coating materials
    • A61K9/2833Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/284Organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyvinyl pyrrolidone
    • A61K9/2846Poly(meth)acrylates
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/28Dragees; Coated pills or tablets, e.g. with film or compression coating
    • A61K9/2806Coating materials
    • A61K9/2833Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/286Polysaccharides, e.g. gums; Cyclodextrin
    • A61K9/2866Cellulose; Cellulose derivatives, e.g. hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/48Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
    • A61K9/50Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
    • A61K9/5005Wall or coating material
    • A61K9/5021Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/5026Organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyvinyl pyrrolidone, poly(meth)acrylates
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/48Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
    • A61K9/50Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
    • A61K9/5005Wall or coating material
    • A61K9/5021Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/5036Polysaccharides, e.g. gums, alginate; Cyclodextrin
    • A61K9/5042Cellulose; Cellulose derivatives, e.g. phthalate or acetate succinate esters of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
    • A61K9/5047Cellulose ethers containing no ester groups, e.g. hydroxypropyl methylcellulose

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for oral administration and in particular to an enteric coated composition of fluoxetine in the form of coated tablets and pellets providing gastric pH resistance but disintegrating rapidly in intestinal pH.
  • Fluoxetine viz. (N-methyl-3- (p-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropylamine)
  • an antidepressant drug belonging to the class of SSRI is described in U.S. Patent No. 4,314,081 (Eli Lilly & co.).
  • Fluoxetine is indicated for the treatment of depression, obsessive compulsive disorder and bulimia.
  • Fluoxetine is used to treat people suffering from depression including major depression (single episode, recurrent, melancholic), and other forms of depression such as atypical, dysthimia, subsyndromal, agitated, retarded, co-morbid with cancer, diabetes, or post myocardial infraction, involution, bipolar disorder, psychotic depression, endogenous and reactive depression. It is also used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder, or bulimia.
  • the formulation can be used to treat people suffering from pain (given alone or in combination with morphine, codeine, or dextropropoxyphene), obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, hypertension, antherosclerosis, anxiety, anorexia nervosa, panic, social phobia, stuttering, sleep disorders, chronic fatigue, Alzheimer's disease, alcohol abuse, appetite disorder, weight loss, agoraphobia, improving memory, amnesia, smoking cessation, nicotine withdrawal syndrome symptoms, disturbances of mood and/or appetite associated with premenstrual syndrome, depressed mood and/or carbohydrate craving associated with pre-menstrual syndrome, disturbances of mood, disturbances of appetite or disturbances which contribute to recidivism associated with nicotine withdrawal, circadian rhythm disorder, borderline personality disorder, hypochondriasis, premenstrual syndrome(PMS), late luteal phase dysphoric disorder, pre-menstrual dysphoric disorder, trichotillomia, symptoms following discontinuation of other anti-depress
  • Fluoxetine in the form of its hydrochloride salt is available as capsules, tablets and solutions. Most of the fluoxetine formulations are available as capsules and tablets (10- 20 mg) for daily dosing.
  • fluoxetine Although fluoxetine has a long half life, it was not formulated for extended delivery cycles due to the side effects associated with the administration of larger doses of fluoxetine. These included nausea, presumably due to local irritation or the increased plasma levels shortly after dosing.
  • HPMCAS hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate
  • This prior art essentially proposed an HPMCAS (hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate) polymer as an enteric coat with or without the use of a non-reducing sugar, sucrose, as a separating layer.
  • HPMCAS hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate
  • the above mentioned method essentially required HPMCAS, which is not only costly but also not easily available.
  • ammonia is required, which is subsequently released during the coating process resulting in unwanted ammoniacal vapors in the exhaust.
  • HPMCAS is used as an enteric coat, especially for aqueous coating, the process requires specific equipments and controlled processing conditions, usually involving longer processing time, thereby limiting its wide applicability.
  • the suggested use of only HPMCAS polymer as the enteric coat in said prior art further evidence the limitations and difficulties in other alternative_enteric coated formulation of fluoxetine.
  • Another object is to provide enteric coated formulation of fluoxetine which would require smaller quantities_of polymer and yet achieve the desired characteristics of gastric pH resistant to release and rapidly _disintegrating release profile_in intestine pH.
  • Yet further object is to provide an enteric coated fluoxetine composition with a cost- effective polymer system which would serve the above purposes in addition to reducing gastric irritation, a further complexity in providing enteric coated active, fluoxetine , for various end applications/uses.
  • Yet further object of the present invention is directed to a selective cost-effective enteric coated fluoxetine composition
  • a selective cost-effective enteric coated fluoxetine composition comprising of a selective enteric coating polymers and a selective seal/ barrier layer applied between the drug and the enteric coating layer compatible with the active fluoxetine.
  • an enteric coated fluoxetine composition suitable for oral administration comprising i) a core consisting of fluoxetine and/or its pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts alongwith one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients ii) a seal coat on said core consisting of polyvinyl alcohol with or without one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients and iii) an enteric coat over said seal coated core comprising a methacrylic acid copolymer.
  • the present invention provides a process for the preparation of an enteric coated composition of fluoxetine wherein the core comprising fluoxetine is coated with a seal coat comprising polyvinyl alcohol followed by the application of an enteric coat comprising methacrylic acid copolymer.
  • the core in accordance with the present invention may be in the form of monolithic tablets or micro tablets. These can be obtained following the process of direct compression, dry granulation or wet granulation.
  • the core may be in the form of pellets wherein the conventional process of pelletization or drug layering on non pareil seeds is followed.
  • the enteric-coated composition may be obtained by providing a core of fluoxetine along with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, applying a seal coat comprising of polyvinyl alcohol on the said core, and then applying an enteric coat comprising of methacrylic acid copolymer, and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
  • enteric coated fluoxetine formulation is easy to carry out, costs relatively less, takes lesser time for processing, and also yields reproducible results.
  • enteric preparation Active pharmaceutical ingredients indicated for the treatment of various disorders are in different dosage forms.
  • enteric preparation One such form is the enteric preparation.
  • enteric-coated pharmaceutical formulation is that the product passes unchanged through the stomach of the patient, and dissolves and releases the active ingredient quickly as soon as it enters the small intestine.
  • the active ingredient is in the core of the tablet or pellet and is enclosed in a film or envelope, the "enteric coating", which is insoluble in acidic environments, such as stomach, but is soluble in near-neutral environments such as in the small intestine.
  • fluoxetine also encompasses its pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts, particularly and preferably the hydrochloride solvates of fluoxetine or its salts as well as the free base, salts, and / or solvates of the individual isomers of fluoxetine.
  • composition of the present invention comprises a core, a seal coat and an enteric coat.
  • the core is composed of fluoxetine and atleast one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. This excipient may be chosen from amongst those conventionally used in the art and belonging to the categories of fillers / diluents, binders, disintegrants, lubricants etc.
  • the diluent may be selected from the group consisting of microcrystalline cellulose, dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate, lactose, starch or mixtures thereof and is present in an amount from 10-80% by weight by the core.
  • the binder may be selected from the group consisting of starch, pregelatinised starch, gelatin, polyvinyl pyrollidone or mixtures thereof and is present in an amount 5-60% by weight of the core.
  • the disintegrant may be selected from the group consisting of microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, crospovidone, colloidal silicon dioxide or mixtures thereof and is present in an amount 1-60% by weight of the core.
  • the lubricant may be selected from the group consisting of talc, stearic acid, magnesium stearate, calcium stearate and colloidal silicon dioxide and is present in an amount 0.5- 2% by weight of core.
  • the core may be in the form of tablets (microtablets or monolithic tablets) or pellets. They may be manufactured using process conventionally known in the art such as dry granulation, direct compression, wet granulation or by pelletization.
  • the preferred amount of fluoxetine base per tablet is 15 mg for each microtablet, 90 mg for a monolithic tablet and about 30% by weight of the core pellets.
  • the critical parameters affecting the dosage form are the interaction of the active ingredients with the enteric polymer and the ability of the enteric coat to withstand acidic conditions while rapidly dissolving in alkaline conditions.
  • Fluoxetine is reported to react with enteric polymers to form a poorly soluble or even insoluble coating.
  • fluoxetine In order to enteric coat fluoxetine compositions, various enteric polymers were tried. As fluoxetine is reported to interact with various enteric polymers, a seal coat is necessary for providing an effective physical barrier between the core and the enteric coat. Moreover, aqueous enteric coating would result in wetting of the seal coat and may allow moisture penetration across the coat into the core. To avoid this possibility it is preferred to use a polymer in the seal coat that has reduced moisture penetration property. Cellulose based polymers were found unsuitable for such purpose. It was found that a seal coat composed of polyvinyl alcohol can be selectively used in such formulations, as it did not adversely react with fluoxetine and also because it adequately protected fluoxetine from interaction with the acidic enteric coating polymer.
  • the seal coat comprises of polyvinyl alcohol, lecithin, talc, soya, polyethylene glycol 3000 (a readymade coating powder incorporating these ingredients is commercially marketed as Opadry II 85G28725 by Colorcon).
  • the coat is applied by conventional spraying techniques using an aqueous dispersion of the polymer such as to allow the formation of a solid seal coat barrier in which fluoxetine molecules are predominantly excluded.
  • a seal coat of 1 - 10% by weight of the core is given for tablets and 20-40% by weight of core for pellets.
  • a seal coat of 2- 8%> by weight of the core is given for tablets and 25-35% by weight of core for pellets.
  • Enteric polymers suitable for drug release at different pH values are available for coating using aqueous and non-aqueous dispersions. In recent times aqueous based coating is preferred due to economical & regulatory considerations.
  • One drawback concerning aqueous based coating is the time, skill & conditions required for such coatings. Due to the interaction of fluoxetine with various enteric polymers, the choice of these polymers is restricted to few. It has been observed that copolymers of methacrylic acid gave selectively acceptable results when fluoxetine compositions are coated with them.
  • the enteric layer is made of copolymer of methacrylic acid such as copolymers containing poly (methacrylic acid, ethylacrylate, 1 : 1).
  • the copolymer of methacrylic acid type C is used. This is commercially available as Eudragit ® L100-55 and L30D-55 from Rohm Pharma.
  • the coating suspension is prepared by diluting the dispersion with the addition of polyethylene glycol 6000 as plasticizer, talc as filler, titanium dioxide as colorant and water as diluent. An ideal suspension contains about 15% by weight of solids.
  • the layering of enteric coat is done at a bed temperature between 35 - 40°C and spray rate adjusted to avoid over wetting of tablets.
  • an enteric coat of 4 - 15% by weight of the seal coated core is given for tablets and 20-40% by weight of seal coated core is given for pellets.
  • an enteric coat of 5- 12% by weight of the seal coated core is given for tablets and 25-35% by weight of seal coated core is given for pellets.
  • the enteric coat is used in the range of 6- 11 % by weight of seal coated cores.
  • Ingredients 1 & 4 are passed through # 60 mesh and ingredients 2 & 3 are passed through #30 mesh. Ingredients 1, 2, & 3 are blended well first and then ingredient 4 is added and mixed well. The blend is then compressed using appropriate punches. The required number of tablets are filled into a capsule to deliver the desired dose of fluoxetine.
  • Ingredient 1 is passed through # 60 mesh and ingredients 2, 3 & 4 are passed through #30 mesh. Ingredients 1, 2, 3 & 4 are blended well first and then granulated with ingredient 5 made as paste using ingredient 6. The granulate is then passed through 0.5mm mesh in the extruder and the extrudate obtained is transferred to the spheronizer. The spheroids obtained are dried at 60°C and then sieved using appropriate mesh.
  • a formulation for preparing a 15 mg fluoxetine core tablet is shown below:
  • Ingredients 1 & 4 are passed through # 60 mesh and ingredients 2 & 3 are passed through #30 mesh. Ingredients 1, 2, & 3 are blended well first and then a first portion of ingredient 4 is added and mixed well. The blend is then slugged using appropriate punches and the slugs are screened using #18 mesh to obtain uniform granules. The granules are mixed with the second portion of Ingredient 4 and then compressed using appropriate punches.
  • a formulation for preparing a 90 mg fluoxetine core tablet is shown below:
  • Ingredients 1, 2, 3, & 4 are passed through # 30 mesh and ingredients 5 & 6 are passed through #60 mesh. Ingredients 1, 2, 3, & 4 are blended well and then granulated using ingredient 7. The granulated coherent mass is then sized into small lumps and dried at 50-60 °C to reduce moisture content. The semi-dried granules are sized using #18 mesh and re-dried at 50-60 °C till the moisture content is around 5% (105 °C 10 minutes). The dried granules are mixed with ingredient 5 & 6 and compressed using appropriate punches.
  • a formulation for preparing a 10 mg fluoxetine core tablet is shown below:
  • Ingredients 1 & 4 are passed through # 60 mesh and ingredients 2 & 3 are passed through #30 mesh. Ingredients 1, 2, & 3 are blended well first and then ingredient 4 is added and mixed well. The blend is then compressed using appropriate punches.
  • a formulation for preparing a 22.5 mg fluoxetine core tablet is shown below:
  • Ingredients 1 & 4 are passed through # 60 mesh and ingredients 2 & 3 are passed through #30 mesh. Ingredients 1, 2, & 3 are blended well first and then ingredient 4 is added and mixed well. The blend is then compressed using appropriate punches.
  • the seal coat comprising polyvinyl alcohol was first applied followed by the enteric coat on the seal coated core.
  • Ingredient 1 is added to the required quantity of ingredient 2 under proper mixing using a mechanical stirrer. Stirring is continued for about 45 minutes after which the dispersion is filtered through a nylon cloth.
  • the enteric coat applied comprised of the methacrylic acid compolymer.
  • Ingredient 2 is added to a one-fifth portion of required quantity of Ingredient 5 and stirred well using a mechanical stirrer to dissolve.
  • Ingredient 3 is then added to it and stirred to yield a uniform dispersion.
  • Ingredient 4 is then added to it and stirred to yield a uniform dispersion.
  • Ingredient 1 is then added to it and stirred well. Stirring is continued for 45- 60 minutes after which the dispersion is filtered through a nylon cloth.
  • Table - 1 shows the drug release from enteric coated tablets of fluoxetine (Example 1) of the invention filled in capsules and subjected to drug release test as per USP.
  • FIG. 1 shows the drug release profile of Fluoxetine from enteric coated tablets of the invention filled in capsules.
  • the above results in TABLE- 1 and accompanying Figure 1 clearly and sufficiently demonstrate the desired effects achieved by the selective enteric coated fluoxetine tablets of the invention in providing protection to the said seal coated core in a pH environment of 3 or less while releasing the drug at pH 5.5 or greater.
  • the dissolution release profiles of other formulations as given in the examples are similar to that shown in the accompanying figure 1

Abstract

An enteric coated composition of fluoxetine (N-metthyl- (p-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropylamine) in the form of coated tablets and pellets providing gastric pH resistance but disintegrating rapidly in intestinal. The composition is suitable for oral administration comprising a core consisting of the active fluoxetine and/or its pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts along with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients with a selective seal coat on said core and an enteric coat over said seal coated core. A seal coat of polyvinyl alcohol is proposed over which an enteric coat of methacrylic acid copolymer is provided. The above enteric coated formulations of fluoxetine involve a cheaper, commercially available, easier to apply enteric polymer wherein smaller quantities of polymer are required to achieve the desired results. It would provide enteric coated formulation of fluoxetine requiring smaller quantities of polymer and yet achieve the desired characteristics of gastric pH resistant to release and rapidly disintegrating release profile in intestine pH.

Description

ENTERIC COATED FLUOXETINE COMPOSITION AND METHODS FOR THEIR PREPARATION THEREOF
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for oral administration and in particular to an enteric coated composition of fluoxetine in the form of coated tablets and pellets providing gastric pH resistance but disintegrating rapidly in intestinal pH.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Fluoxetine, viz. (N-methyl-3- (p-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropylamine), an antidepressant drug belonging to the class of SSRI is described in U.S. Patent No. 4,314,081 (Eli Lilly & co.).
Fluoxetine is indicated for the treatment of depression, obsessive compulsive disorder and bulimia. Fluoxetine is used to treat people suffering from depression including major depression (single episode, recurrent, melancholic), and other forms of depression such as atypical, dysthimia, subsyndromal, agitated, retarded, co-morbid with cancer, diabetes, or post myocardial infraction, involution, bipolar disorder, psychotic depression, endogenous and reactive depression. It is also used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder, or bulimia. In addition, the formulation can be used to treat people suffering from pain (given alone or in combination with morphine, codeine, or dextropropoxyphene), obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, hypertension, antherosclerosis, anxiety, anorexia nervosa, panic, social phobia, stuttering, sleep disorders, chronic fatigue, Alzheimer's disease, alcohol abuse, appetite disorder, weight loss, agoraphobia, improving memory, amnesia, smoking cessation, nicotine withdrawal syndrome symptoms, disturbances of mood and/or appetite associated with premenstrual syndrome, depressed mood and/or carbohydrate craving associated with pre-menstrual syndrome, disturbances of mood, disturbances of appetite or disturbances which contribute to recidivism associated with nicotine withdrawal, circadian rhythm disorder, borderline personality disorder, hypochondriasis, premenstrual syndrome(PMS), late luteal phase dysphoric disorder, pre-menstrual dysphoric disorder, trichotillomia, symptoms following discontinuation of other anti-depressants, aggressive/intermittent explosive disorder, compulsive gambling, compulsive sex, psychoactive substance use disorder, sexual disorder, schizophrenia, premature ejaculation, or psychiatric symptoms selected from, stress, worry, anger, rejection, sensitivity, and lack of mental and physical energy.
Fluoxetine in the form of its hydrochloride salt is available as capsules, tablets and solutions. Most of the fluoxetine formulations are available as capsules and tablets (10- 20 mg) for daily dosing.
Figure imgf000003_0001
Fluoxetine hydrochloride
Although fluoxetine has a long half life, it was not formulated for extended delivery cycles due to the side effects associated with the administration of larger doses of fluoxetine. These included nausea, presumably due to local irritation or the increased plasma levels shortly after dosing.
There were, however, several difficulties in preparing enteric formulations of fluoxetine, as fluoxetine was found to react with many enteric coating polymers to form a slowly dissolving or even an insoluble coating.
In US Patent No. 5,910,319 the inventors, Anderson et al have described formulations for once per week dosing of higher doses (60 - 120mg) of fluoxetine without the attendant undesirable side effects. This has been achieved by developing an enteric coated pellet formulation of fluoxetine.
This prior art essentially proposed an HPMCAS (hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate) polymer as an enteric coat with or without the use of a non-reducing sugar, sucrose, as a separating layer. However, the above mentioned method essentially required HPMCAS, which is not only costly but also not easily available. Moreover, for dissolution of HPMCAS, ammonia is required, which is subsequently released during the coating process resulting in unwanted ammoniacal vapors in the exhaust. Furthermore, when HPMCAS is used as an enteric coat, especially for aqueous coating, the process requires specific equipments and controlled processing conditions, usually involving longer processing time, thereby limiting its wide applicability. Also, the suggested use of only HPMCAS polymer as the enteric coat in said prior art further evidence the limitations and difficulties in other alternative_enteric coated formulation of fluoxetine.
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
It is thus the basic object of the present invention to provide enteric coated formulations of fluoxetine involving a cheaper, commercially available, easier to apply enteric polymer wherein smaller quantities of polymer is required to achieve the desired results.
Another object is to provide enteric coated formulation of fluoxetine which would require smaller quantities_of polymer and yet achieve the desired characteristics of gastric pH resistant to release and rapidly _disintegrating release profile_in intestine pH.
Yet further object is to provide an enteric coated fluoxetine composition with a cost- effective polymer system which would serve the above purposes in addition to reducing gastric irritation, a further complexity in providing enteric coated active, fluoxetine , for various end applications/uses.
Yet further object of the present invention is directed to a selective cost-effective enteric coated fluoxetine composition comprising of a selective enteric coating polymers and a selective seal/ barrier layer applied between the drug and the enteric coating layer compatible with the active fluoxetine.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Thus according to the basic aspect of the present invention there is provided an enteric coated fluoxetine composition suitable for oral administration comprising i) a core consisting of fluoxetine and/or its pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts alongwith one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients ii) a seal coat on said core consisting of polyvinyl alcohol with or without one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients and iii) an enteric coat over said seal coated core comprising a methacrylic acid copolymer.
According to another aspect, the present invention provides a process for the preparation of an enteric coated composition of fluoxetine wherein the core comprising fluoxetine is coated with a seal coat comprising polyvinyl alcohol followed by the application of an enteric coat comprising methacrylic acid copolymer.
The core, in accordance with the present invention may be in the form of monolithic tablets or micro tablets. These can be obtained following the process of direct compression, dry granulation or wet granulation. Alternatively, the core may be in the form of pellets wherein the conventional process of pelletization or drug layering on non pareil seeds is followed.
In accordance with a preferred aspect of the present invention the enteric-coated composition may be obtained by providing a core of fluoxetine along with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, applying a seal coat comprising of polyvinyl alcohol on the said core, and then applying an enteric coat comprising of methacrylic acid copolymer, and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
The above method of manufacturing enteric coated fluoxetine formulation is easy to carry out, costs relatively less, takes lesser time for processing, and also yields reproducible results.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION AND PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Active pharmaceutical ingredients indicated for the treatment of various disorders are in different dosage forms. One such form is the enteric preparation. The advantage of having enteric-coated pharmaceutical formulation is that the product passes unchanged through the stomach of the patient, and dissolves and releases the active ingredient quickly as soon as it enters the small intestine. In such formulations, the active ingredient is in the core of the tablet or pellet and is enclosed in a film or envelope, the "enteric coating", which is insoluble in acidic environments, such as stomach, but is soluble in near-neutral environments such as in the small intestine.
The active ingredient of the formulation in this invention while referred to as fluoxetine also encompasses its pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts, particularly and preferably the hydrochloride solvates of fluoxetine or its salts as well as the free base, salts, and / or solvates of the individual isomers of fluoxetine.
The composition of the present invention comprises a core, a seal coat and an enteric coat. The core is composed of fluoxetine and atleast one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. This excipient may be chosen from amongst those conventionally used in the art and belonging to the categories of fillers / diluents, binders, disintegrants, lubricants etc.
The diluent may be selected from the group consisting of microcrystalline cellulose, dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate, lactose, starch or mixtures thereof and is present in an amount from 10-80% by weight by the core.
The binder may be selected from the group consisting of starch, pregelatinised starch, gelatin, polyvinyl pyrollidone or mixtures thereof and is present in an amount 5-60% by weight of the core.
The disintegrant may be selected from the group consisting of microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, crospovidone, colloidal silicon dioxide or mixtures thereof and is present in an amount 1-60% by weight of the core.
The lubricant may be selected from the group consisting of talc, stearic acid, magnesium stearate, calcium stearate and colloidal silicon dioxide and is present in an amount 0.5- 2% by weight of core. The core may be in the form of tablets (microtablets or monolithic tablets) or pellets. They may be manufactured using process conventionally known in the art such as dry granulation, direct compression, wet granulation or by pelletization.
The preferred amount of fluoxetine base per tablet is 15 mg for each microtablet, 90 mg for a monolithic tablet and about 30% by weight of the core pellets.
For enteric coated compositions, the critical parameters affecting the dosage form are the interaction of the active ingredients with the enteric polymer and the ability of the enteric coat to withstand acidic conditions while rapidly dissolving in alkaline conditions.
Fluoxetine is reported to react with enteric polymers to form a poorly soluble or even insoluble coating.
In order to enteric coat fluoxetine compositions, various enteric polymers were tried. As fluoxetine is reported to interact with various enteric polymers, a seal coat is necessary for providing an effective physical barrier between the core and the enteric coat. Moreover, aqueous enteric coating would result in wetting of the seal coat and may allow moisture penetration across the coat into the core. To avoid this possibility it is preferred to use a polymer in the seal coat that has reduced moisture penetration property. Cellulose based polymers were found unsuitable for such purpose. It was found that a seal coat composed of polyvinyl alcohol can be selectively used in such formulations, as it did not adversely react with fluoxetine and also because it adequately protected fluoxetine from interaction with the acidic enteric coating polymer.
The seal coat comprises of polyvinyl alcohol, lecithin, talc, soya, polyethylene glycol 3000 (a readymade coating powder incorporating these ingredients is commercially marketed as Opadry II 85G28725 by Colorcon). The coat is applied by conventional spraying techniques using an aqueous dispersion of the polymer such as to allow the formation of a solid seal coat barrier in which fluoxetine molecules are predominantly excluded. In a preferred embodiment a seal coat of 1 - 10% by weight of the core is given for tablets and 20-40% by weight of core for pellets. In another preferred embodiment a seal coat of 2- 8%> by weight of the core is given for tablets and 25-35% by weight of core for pellets.
Enteric polymers suitable for drug release at different pH values are available for coating using aqueous and non-aqueous dispersions. In recent times aqueous based coating is preferred due to economical & regulatory considerations. One drawback concerning aqueous based coating is the time, skill & conditions required for such coatings. Due to the interaction of fluoxetine with various enteric polymers, the choice of these polymers is restricted to few. It has been observed that copolymers of methacrylic acid gave selectively acceptable results when fluoxetine compositions are coated with them.
The enteric layer is made of copolymer of methacrylic acid such as copolymers containing poly (methacrylic acid, ethylacrylate, 1 : 1). In a preferred embodiment the copolymer of methacrylic acid type C is used. This is commercially available as Eudragit® L100-55 and L30D-55 from Rohm Pharma. When used as dispersion the coating suspension is prepared by diluting the dispersion with the addition of polyethylene glycol 6000 as plasticizer, talc as filler, titanium dioxide as colorant and water as diluent. An ideal suspension contains about 15% by weight of solids. The layering of enteric coat is done at a bed temperature between 35 - 40°C and spray rate adjusted to avoid over wetting of tablets.
In a preferred embodiment an enteric coat of 4 - 15% by weight of the seal coated core is given for tablets and 20-40% by weight of seal coated core is given for pellets. In another preferred embodiment an enteric coat of 5- 12% by weight of the seal coated core is given for tablets and 25-35% by weight of seal coated core is given for pellets.
In the preferred tablet formulation, the enteric coat is used in the range of 6- 11 % by weight of seal coated cores. The details of the invention, its objects and advantages are further explained hereunder in greater detail in relation to non-limiting exemplary illustrations as hereunder :
Example 1
A formulation for preparing a 15 mg Fluoxetine core tablets is shown below:
Figure imgf000009_0001
Ingredients 1 & 4 are passed through # 60 mesh and ingredients 2 & 3 are passed through #30 mesh. Ingredients 1, 2, & 3 are blended well first and then ingredient 4 is added and mixed well. The blend is then compressed using appropriate punches. The required number of tablets are filled into a capsule to deliver the desired dose of fluoxetine.
Example 2
A formulation for preparing a 90 mg Fluoxetine core tablet is shown below:
Figure imgf000009_0002
Ingredients 1 & 4 are passed through # 60 mesh and ingredients 2 & 3 are passed through #30 mesh. Ingredients 1, 2, & 3 are blended well first and then ingredient 4 is added and mixed well. The blend is then compressed using appropriate punches. Example 3
A formulation for preparing Fluoxetine core pellets is shown below:
Figure imgf000010_0001
Ingredient 1 is passed through # 60 mesh and ingredients 2, 3 & 4 are passed through #30 mesh. Ingredients 1, 2, 3 & 4 are blended well first and then granulated with ingredient 5 made as paste using ingredient 6. The granulate is then passed through 0.5mm mesh in the extruder and the extrudate obtained is transferred to the spheronizer. The spheroids obtained are dried at 60°C and then sieved using appropriate mesh.
Example 4
A formulation for preparing a 15 mg fluoxetine core tablet is shown below:
Figure imgf000010_0002
Ingredients 1 & 4 are passed through # 60 mesh and ingredients 2 & 3 are passed through #30 mesh. Ingredients 1, 2, & 3 are blended well first and then a first portion of ingredient 4 is added and mixed well. The blend is then slugged using appropriate punches and the slugs are screened using #18 mesh to obtain uniform granules. The granules are mixed with the second portion of Ingredient 4 and then compressed using appropriate punches.
Example 5
A formulation for preparing a 90 mg fluoxetine core tablet is shown below:
Figure imgf000011_0001
Ingredients 1, 2, 3, & 4 are passed through # 30 mesh and ingredients 5 & 6 are passed through #60 mesh. Ingredients 1, 2, 3, & 4 are blended well and then granulated using ingredient 7. The granulated coherent mass is then sized into small lumps and dried at 50-60 °C to reduce moisture content. The semi-dried granules are sized using #18 mesh and re-dried at 50-60 °C till the moisture content is around 5% (105 °C 10 minutes). The dried granules are mixed with ingredient 5 & 6 and compressed using appropriate punches.
Example 6
A formulation for preparing a 10 mg fluoxetine core tablet is shown below:
Figure imgf000011_0002
Ingredients 1 & 4 are passed through # 60 mesh and ingredients 2 & 3 are passed through #30 mesh. Ingredients 1, 2, & 3 are blended well first and then ingredient 4 is added and mixed well. The blend is then compressed using appropriate punches.
Example 7
A formulation for preparing a 22.5 mg fluoxetine core tablet is shown below:
Figure imgf000012_0001
Ingredients 1 & 4 are passed through # 60 mesh and ingredients 2 & 3 are passed through #30 mesh. Ingredients 1, 2, & 3 are blended well first and then ingredient 4 is added and mixed well. The blend is then compressed using appropriate punches.
To each of the above obtained core compositions of fluoxetine, the seal coat comprising polyvinyl alcohol was first applied followed by the enteric coat on the seal coated core.
Example s
A formulation for preparing seal coating dispersion is shown below:
Figure imgf000012_0002
Ingredient 1 is added to the required quantity of ingredient 2 under proper mixing using a mechanical stirrer. Stirring is continued for about 45 minutes after which the dispersion is filtered through a nylon cloth.
The enteric coat applied comprised of the methacrylic acid compolymer. Example 9
A formulation for preparing enteric coating dispersion is shown below:
Figure imgf000013_0001
Ingredient 2 is added to a one-fifth portion of required quantity of Ingredient 5 and stirred well using a mechanical stirrer to dissolve. Ingredient 3 is then added to it and stirred to yield a uniform dispersion. Ingredient 4 is then added to it and stirred to yield a uniform dispersion. Ingredient 1 is then added to it and stirred well. Stirring is continued for 45- 60 minutes after which the dispersion is filtered through a nylon cloth.
The Table - 1 below shows the drug release from enteric coated tablets of fluoxetine (Example 1) of the invention filled in capsules and subjected to drug release test as per USP.
TABLE - 1
Figure imgf000013_0002
The accompanying figure (Figure 1) shows the drug release profile of Fluoxetine from enteric coated tablets of the invention filled in capsules. The above results in TABLE- 1 and accompanying Figure 1 clearly and sufficiently demonstrate the desired effects achieved by the selective enteric coated fluoxetine tablets of the invention in providing protection to the said seal coated core in a pH environment of 3 or less while releasing the drug at pH 5.5 or greater. The dissolution release profiles of other formulations as given in the examples are similar to that shown in the accompanying figure 1
It is thus possible by way of the present invention to provide a simple and cost-effective enteric coated fluoxetine composition in tablet or pellet form, which would serve the desired gastric pH resistance but rapidly disintegrate in the intestinal pH. This would serve for more effective pharmaceutical use of fluoxetine and/or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

Claims

1. An enteric coated fluoxetine composition, suitable for oral administration comprising; (a) a core consisting of fluoxetine and/or its pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts alongwith one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, (b) a seal coat consisting of polyvinyl alcohol with or without one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients and (c) an enteric coat over the said seal coated core comprising a methacrylic acid copolymer.
2. A composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the enteric coated composition is in the form of monolithic tablets and/or micro tablets.
3. A composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the enteric coated composition is in the form of pellets.
4. A composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein fluoxetine is present as its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, fluoxetine hydrochloride. 5. A composition as claimed in claim 4 wherein fluoxetine is present in the range of
15 -90 mg.
6. A composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the enteric coated cores are encapsulated in a gelatin capsule.
7. A composition as claimed in anyone of claims 1 to 6 wherein the said core composition comprises one or more of pharmaceutically acceptable excipients selected from the group comprising diluent, binder, disintegrant and lubricant.
8. A composition as claimed in claim 7 wherein the diluent is selected from the group comprising dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate, microcrystalline cellulose, lactose and starch.
9. A composition as claimed in claim 8 wherein the diluent is present in an amount of around 10-80% by weight of the core composition.
10. A composition as claimed in anyone of claims 7 to 9 wherein the binder is selected from the group comprising starch, pregelatinised starch, gelatin and polyvinyl pyrollidone.
11. A composition as claimed in claim 10 wherein the binder is present in an amount of around 5-60% by weight of the core composition.
12. A composition as claimed in anyone of claims 7 to 11 wherein the disintegrant is selected form the group comprising microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, crospovidone and colloidal silicon dioxide.
13. A composition as claimed in claim 12 wherein the disintegrant is present in an amount of around 1-60% by weight of the core composition.
14. A composition as claimed in anyone of claims 7 to 13 wherein the lubricant is selected from the group comprising talc, stearic acid, magnesium stearate, calcium stearate and colloidal silicon dioxide.
15. A composition as claimed in claim 14 wherein the lubricant is present in an amount of around 0.5-2% by weight of the core composition.
16. A composition as claimed in claim 2 wherein the seal coat comprises 1- 10% by weight of the core.
17. A composition as claimed in claim 3 wherein the seal coat comprises 20-40% by weight of the core.
18. A composition as claimed in anyone of claims 1 to 17 wherein the enteric coat consists of a methacrylic acid copolymer, a plasticizer selected from the group consisting of dibutyl phthalate, triethyl citrate, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, and opacifying agent, and an anti- adherent.
19. A composition as claimed in anyone of claims 1 to 18 wherein said enteric coated layer comprise copolymer of methacrylic acid preferably copolymers containing poly (methacrylic acid, ethylacrylate 1:1).
20. A composition as claimed in claim 19 wherein the methacrylic acid copolymer is methacrylic acid copolymer type C.
21. A composition as claimed in claim 20 wherein the plasticizer is polyethylene glycol 6000, opacifying agent is titanium dioxide and anti adherent is talc.
22. A composition as claimed in claim 2 wherein the enteric coat is 4- 15% by weight of the composition.
23. A composition as claimed in claim 3 wherein the enteric coat is 20-40% by weight of composition.
24. A process for the preparation of an enteric coated composition of fluoxetine which comprises the processes of providing a selective core composition of fluoxetine and/or its pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts alongwith one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, applying a selective seal coat comprising polyvinyl alcohol on said core composition with or without one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients , and applying a selective enteric coat comprising methacrylic acid copolymer on said seal coated core composition.
25. A process for preparation of composition as claimed in claim 24 comprising providing said core composition by anyone or more of direct compression, dry granulation and wet granulation.
26. A process for preparation of composition as claimed in claim 25 comprising pelletization.
27. A process for the preparation of the composition as claimed in claim 25 wherein the core is a monolithic tablet or microtablet.
28. A process for preparation of the composition as claimed in claim 27 wherein the seal coat applied is 1-10% by weight of the core.
29. A process for preparation of the composition as claimed in claim 27 wherein the enteric coat applied is 4- 15 % by weight of composition.
30. A process for the preparation of the composition as claimed in claim 26, wherein the core is in the form of pellets.
31. A process for preparation of the composition as claimed in claim 30 wherein the seal coat applied is 20-40% by weight of the core.
32. A process for preparation of the composition as claimed in claim 30 wherein the enteric coat applied is 20-40 % by weight of composition.
33. A process as claimed in anyone of claims 25 to 32 wherein the seal coat is applied by conventional spraying technique such as to allow the formation of a solid seal coat barrier substantially free of fluoxetine molecules.
34. An enteric coated composition of fluoxetine and its process of manufacture substantially as herein described and illustrated with reference to the accompanying examples.
PCT/IN2002/000243 2002-12-24 2002-12-24 Enteric coated fluoxetine composition WO2004058228A1 (en)

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US8679533B2 (en) 2002-07-25 2014-03-25 Pharmacia Corporation Pramipexole once-daily dosage form
US8715728B2 (en) 2004-08-13 2014-05-06 Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh Extended release pellet formulation containing pramipexole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
CN111388480A (en) * 2020-03-26 2020-07-10 江苏长泰药业有限公司 Olanzapine fluoxetine hydrochloride compound preparation and preparation method thereof
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Cited By (6)

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US8679533B2 (en) 2002-07-25 2014-03-25 Pharmacia Corporation Pramipexole once-daily dosage form
US8715728B2 (en) 2004-08-13 2014-05-06 Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh Extended release pellet formulation containing pramipexole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
US11517534B2 (en) 2012-04-30 2022-12-06 Tillotts Pharma Ag Delayed release drug formulation
US11534406B2 (en) 2012-04-30 2022-12-27 Tillotts Pharma Ag Delayed release drug formulation
US10799515B2 (en) 2013-10-29 2020-10-13 Tillotts Pharma Ag Delayed release drug formulation
CN111388480A (en) * 2020-03-26 2020-07-10 江苏长泰药业有限公司 Olanzapine fluoxetine hydrochloride compound preparation and preparation method thereof

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