WO2004057299A2 - Method and equipment for measuring the composition of gas from a fluidised bed - Google Patents
Method and equipment for measuring the composition of gas from a fluidised bed Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004057299A2 WO2004057299A2 PCT/FI2003/000937 FI0300937W WO2004057299A2 WO 2004057299 A2 WO2004057299 A2 WO 2004057299A2 FI 0300937 W FI0300937 W FI 0300937W WO 2004057299 A2 WO2004057299 A2 WO 2004057299A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- bed
- sampling tube
- equipment
- fluidised bed
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
- G01N1/2247—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas
- G01N1/2258—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas in a stack or chimney
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
- G01N1/2247—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas
- G01N1/2258—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas in a stack or chimney
- G01N2001/2261—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas in a stack or chimney preventing condensation (heating lines)
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and equipment with which gas composition can be measured continuously from the fluidised bed of a roasting furnace, fluidised bed boiler or any other kind of process.
- the method and equipment have enabled the measurement of the gas composition of a gas with a considerable amount of dry solids.
- the gas composition measurement facilitates the optimization of for instance the reaction degree of the reactions occurring in the bed.
- Fluidised bed technology is used in many different processes in the metallurgical industry and in energy and environmental technology.
- the gas pressures of the bed affect in what compound and phase the reacting materials exist in the bed.
- the control of fluidised bed processes requires that the conditions of the bed can be controlled to prevent molten phases or other sintering compounds that lead to an unstable state from being generated.
- the reactions of the bed cannot be controlled entirely by the feed, since some of the reactions occur in the bed and some above it.
- the reactions can be controlled better by measuring and adjusting the gas composition in the bed.
- the roasting of fine-grained material generally takes place with the fluidised bed method.
- the material to be roasted is fed into the fluid bed furnace through feed units in the wall above the fluidised bed.
- the oxygen-containing gas generally used is air or oxygen- enriched air.
- the back-pressure of the furnace is formed from the grate resistance and the bed resistance.
- the bed resistance is mainly the mass of the bed, when it is in the fluidised condition.
- the bed should be stable in structure and other fluidizing properties should be in order, with controlled fluidization. Oxidation should occur as completely as possible i.e. when processing zinc concentrate for instance the sulphides should oxidize into oxides, because sulphides form molten phases at lower temperatures than the said oxides. When the amount of sulphides remains too high the bed becomes unstable.
- Zinc sulphide concentrates processed by zinc roaster have over the course of time become more and more impure. Concentrates are no longer anything like pure zinc blende, or sphalerite, instead they may contain a considerable amount of iron. Iron is either dissolved in the sphalerite lattice or present as pyrite or pyrrhotite. In addition concentrates often contain sulphidic lead or/and copper. The chemical composition and mineralogy of concentrates varies considerably. In that case the amount of oxygen required to oxidize the concentrates also varies, as does the amount of heat produced when the concentrates are burned. In accordance with the technology used at present, concentrate feed of the roasting furnace is adjusted according to the temperature of the bed using fuzzy logic for example.
- agglomeration of the product normally occurs i.e. the calcine is clearly coarser than the concentrate feed.
- the formation of molten sulphides described above increases agglomeration to problematic levels, since larger agglomerates with their sulphide nuclei are left to move around to the grate. Agglomerates cause build-ups on top of the grate and over time they block the gas nozzles under the grate.
- US patent 5803040 concerns a method for stabilizing a fluidised bed in the roasting of metal sulphides, whereby stabilization occurs by adjusting the particle size of the feed.
- stabilization occurs by feeding the concentrate as slurry.
- the oxygen content of the exhaust gas of the roasting furnace is controlled by measurements that take place from the gas line after the boiler or cyclone.
- Patent application WO 02/40723 describes a method whereby roasting conditions are adjusted by controlling the oxygen pressure of the bed.
- the publication does not describe in detail the equipment with which the measurement is taken.
- gas is sucked from the fluidised bed through a sampling tube using a pump.
- the diameter of the tip section of the sampling tube is made larger than the diameter of the rest of the tube. Since the flow rate of the gas to be sucked into the sampling line is lower in the tip of the tube than in the actual line, less dust is sucked in with the gas than the composition of the bed would suppose and this enables continuous measurement.
- the gas is scrubbed in the sampling line of the dust that came with it, is preferably dried and kept in a temperature range that prevents the formation of harmful compounds.
- the amount of gas flow is measured and the gas is analysed continuously in one or more gas analysers.
- One of the analysers is preferably an oxygen analyser.
- the equipment according to the invention is made up of a sampling tube placed in the fluidised bed reactor bed, with the diameter of the tip of the tube widened in relation to the diameter of the rest of the tube, and a gas line with thermostat, which line is connected to at least one gas analyser.
- the equipment also includes a pump to suck the gas into the equipment, said pump being essentially gas-tight, and at least one filter.
- the equipment also contains a gas-drying element.
- Figure 1 is a sketch of the equipment according to the invention, and Figure 2 shows a graph of the gas contents in a fluidised reactor bed as a function of time.
- the sampling tube or probe 2 belonging to the gas measuring apparatus 1 in accordance with the invention is located inside the fluidised bed 4 of the partially shown roasting furnace 3.
- the roasting furnace is equipped with an opening (not shown in detail in the drawing) through which the probe is conveyed.
- the diameter of the tip 5 of the probe is essentially greater than the diameter of the rest of the probe. Thanks to the wider tip the flow rate of the gas to be sucked into the sampling tube is at first lower and this decreases the amount of dust brought with the gas from the bed.
- the diameter of the probe tip depends on the properties of the material in the fluidised bed, mainly the coarseness and density of the bed material. Roughly speaking, the finer the bed material, the greater the diameter of the tip should be too.
- the ratio of the tip diameter to the actual probe diameter should be in the region of 2:1 , so that the flow rate of the gas in the probe tip falls to a quarter of the gas flow rate in the rest of the probe.
- the ratio of the diameter of the tip to the diameter of the rest of the probe is in the region of 1.3 - 3:1.
- the gas flow rate in the probe tip is in the region of 0.6 - 0.1 times that of the gas flow rate in the probe itself.
- the material of the sampling tube is chosen to be durable in fluidised bed conditions.
- the probe is connected to the thermostatically controlled gas line 6 to prevent the sample gas from condensing.
- the temperature in the equipment is kept constant in the range of 120 - 200°C, preferably around 170°C. Outside the furnace the temperature of the gas drops quickly, unless the gas line is heated e.g. with a heating resistor. If the sample gas entering the probe in the roasting furnace gas cools too much, the sulphur dioxide contained in it is absorbed into water droplets and this affects the sulphur dioxide analysis results. The condensation of sulphuric acid on the inside of the sampling tube can also damage the tube.
- Other devices used in determining flow measurement and gas composition can be connected to the apparatus, which devices are not shown here in detail. For instance, a rotameter measuring the amount of flow has been connected to the apparatus, but since its use is a normal technique, it has not been described here in more detail.
- the gas containing a great deal of dust is sucked into the equipment using a gas-tight pump 7, but the majority of the fine dust included should ideally be separated from the gas even before the pump using the first filter 8.
- the gas line can also be equipped with another filter 9 before directing the gas to the gas analysers.
- the drawing shows two analysers 10 and 12, of which the latter is an oxygen analyser.
- One analyser can be used to analyse other gases such as the water vapour content and sulphur dioxide content in the gas etc.
- the drawing shows a dryer 11 before the oxygen analyser.
- the first gas analyser may be for instance a continuous FTIR gas analyser or equivalent and the oxygen analyser may be used e.g. in parallel with the previous, paramagnetism-based oxygen analyser.
- the analysers may also be other types than those mentioned above.
- the graph in Figure 2 is a sample of gas composition monitoring of a roasting furnace bed performed with equipment according to the invention. It shows that it is possible to perform continuous measurement of gas composition directly from a fluidised bed furnace bed and not only from gas removed from the furnace space.
- the method and equipment for measuring gas composition from a fluidised bed reactor bed according to the invention is presented above for roasting furnace conditions, but of course the method and equipment can also be used in other fluidised bed reactors.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2003285373A AU2003285373A1 (en) | 2002-12-23 | 2003-12-09 | Method and equipment for measuring the composition of gas from a fluidised bed |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FI20022266A FI116161B (fi) | 2002-12-23 | 2002-12-23 | Menetelmä ja laitteisto kaasun koostumuksen mittaamiseksi leijupedistä |
FI20022266 | 2002-12-23 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2004057299A2 true WO2004057299A2 (en) | 2004-07-08 |
WO2004057299A3 WO2004057299A3 (en) | 2004-08-26 |
Family
ID=8565139
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FI2003/000937 WO2004057299A2 (en) | 2002-12-23 | 2003-12-09 | Method and equipment for measuring the composition of gas from a fluidised bed |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AU (1) | AU2003285373A1 (fi) |
FI (1) | FI116161B (fi) |
PE (1) | PE20040631A1 (fi) |
WO (1) | WO2004057299A2 (fi) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106248443A (zh) * | 2016-08-25 | 2016-12-21 | 邢红涛 | 一种燃烧区烟气成分测量取样装置 |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3662605A (en) * | 1970-05-13 | 1972-05-16 | Nl Industries Inc | Method and means for automating computer-controlled production of particulate materials |
US4191541A (en) * | 1978-08-14 | 1980-03-04 | Container Corporation Of America | Method and apparatus for gas sample analysis |
US4779466A (en) * | 1986-04-29 | 1988-10-25 | Voest-Alpine Aktiengesellschaft | Method and apparatus for continuously taking a hot gas sample to be analyzed from a reaction chamber |
US5493923A (en) * | 1992-02-26 | 1996-02-27 | Gfa Gesellschaft Zur Arbeitsplatz-Und Umweltanalytik Mbh | Process and device for taking samples from waste gases |
US5777241A (en) * | 1997-02-06 | 1998-07-07 | Evenson; Euan J. | Method and apparatus for sampling and analysis of furnace off-gases |
EP0909942A1 (de) * | 1997-10-16 | 1999-04-21 | Kuske GmbH | Vorrichtung zum Absaugen eines Messgases aus einem unter Vakuum stehenden Processgasraum |
JP2000074799A (ja) * | 1998-09-01 | 2000-03-14 | Hitachi Zosen Corp | 炉内の酸素濃度測定装置 |
-
2002
- 2002-12-23 FI FI20022266A patent/FI116161B/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2003
- 2003-12-09 AU AU2003285373A patent/AU2003285373A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-12-09 WO PCT/FI2003/000937 patent/WO2004057299A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-12-11 PE PE2003001265A patent/PE20040631A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3662605A (en) * | 1970-05-13 | 1972-05-16 | Nl Industries Inc | Method and means for automating computer-controlled production of particulate materials |
US4191541A (en) * | 1978-08-14 | 1980-03-04 | Container Corporation Of America | Method and apparatus for gas sample analysis |
US4779466A (en) * | 1986-04-29 | 1988-10-25 | Voest-Alpine Aktiengesellschaft | Method and apparatus for continuously taking a hot gas sample to be analyzed from a reaction chamber |
US5493923A (en) * | 1992-02-26 | 1996-02-27 | Gfa Gesellschaft Zur Arbeitsplatz-Und Umweltanalytik Mbh | Process and device for taking samples from waste gases |
US5777241A (en) * | 1997-02-06 | 1998-07-07 | Evenson; Euan J. | Method and apparatus for sampling and analysis of furnace off-gases |
EP0909942A1 (de) * | 1997-10-16 | 1999-04-21 | Kuske GmbH | Vorrichtung zum Absaugen eines Messgases aus einem unter Vakuum stehenden Processgasraum |
JP2000074799A (ja) * | 1998-09-01 | 2000-03-14 | Hitachi Zosen Corp | 炉内の酸素濃度測定装置 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
DATABASE WPI Week200024, Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; Class G01, AN 2000-276859 & JP 2000 074799 A (HITACHI) 14 March 2000 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106248443A (zh) * | 2016-08-25 | 2016-12-21 | 邢红涛 | 一种燃烧区烟气成分测量取样装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PE20040631A1 (es) | 2004-11-04 |
FI20022266A (fi) | 2004-06-24 |
AU2003285373A1 (en) | 2004-07-14 |
FI116161B (fi) | 2005-09-30 |
AU2003285373A8 (en) | 2004-07-14 |
FI20022266A0 (fi) | 2002-12-23 |
WO2004057299A3 (en) | 2004-08-26 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Borgwardt et al. | Method for variation of grain size in studies of gas-solid reactions involving calcium oxide | |
Yang et al. | Effective extraction of titanium from rutile by a low‐temperature chloride process | |
ZA200505912B (en) | Method and plant for removing gaseous pollutants from exhaust gases | |
US6475462B1 (en) | Process and apparatus for treating particulate matter | |
US20100129264A1 (en) | High Purity Magnetite Formation Process and Apparatus, and Product Thereof | |
US3042498A (en) | Apparatus for roasting sulfides | |
Güntner et al. | Sulphating roasting of copper-cobalt concentrates | |
WO2004057299A2 (en) | Method and equipment for measuring the composition of gas from a fluidised bed | |
EP3294915B1 (en) | Method for partial roasting of copper and/or gold bearing concentrates | |
FI65089B (fi) | Foerfarande foer rostning av partikelformat metallsulfit i en fluidiserad skiktreaktor | |
BR112018014777B1 (pt) | Método e aparelho para tratar um resíduo de lixiviação de um concentrado metálico contendo enxofre | |
Shu et al. | Sintering and ferrite formation during high temperature roasting of sulfide concentrates | |
FI89944C (fi) | Foerfarande och anordning foer reglering av temperaturen i en reaktor med cirkulerande fluidiserad baedd | |
Landsberg et al. | Behavior of arsenic in a static bed during roasting of copper smelter feed | |
KR100774233B1 (ko) | 배소로내의 유동층을 안정화시키는 방법 | |
Nakamura et al. | The oxidation of pyrite | |
Heukelman | Introducing micro-pelletized zinc concentrates into the Zincor fluidized solid roasters | |
Heukelman et al. | Fluidized bed roasting of micropelletized zinc concentrate: Part I-Pellet strength and roasting kinetics | |
US2600351A (en) | Volatilization of tin values of tin ores | |
AU2002215064A1 (en) | Method for the stabilization of a fluidized bed in a roasting furnace | |
Verduzco Mora et al. | Study of the behavior of a multistage dryer provided with downcomer | |
Baimbetov et al. | Kinetics of roasting of copper and iron sulfides with soda in a vibratory boiling layer | |
JP3666302B2 (ja) | 溶鋼昇熱時における成分元素濃度の推定方法 | |
Rambiyana | Partial roasting of a PGM concentrate | |
Taskinen et al. | Increased productivity of zinc roasters and SO2 quality |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): BW GH GM KE LS MW MZ SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LU MC NL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase | ||
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase in: |
Ref country code: JP |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Country of ref document: JP |